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Qiao Y, Li X, Zhang X, Xiao F, Zhu Y, Fang Z, Sun J. Hepatocellular iNOS protects liver from NASH through Nrf2-dependent activation of HO-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:372-378. [PMID: 31043271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple molecular events are involved in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). There is no consensus on the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the progression of NASH. The present study therefore investigated the role of iNOS in NASH pathogenesis using bone marrow-transplanted iNOS chimeric mice under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. The chimeric mice were fed a HFD for 16 wk, and primary hepatocytes were stimulated with oleic acid (OA). The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of iNOS in NASH were investigated. Marked hepatic steatosis and injury observed in the HFD mice and OA-stimulated hepatocytes were reduced by hepatocyte-derived iNOS. Mechanistically, iNOS upregulated heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) by augmenting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) binding to the HO-1 gene promoter. In conclusion, hepatocyte-derived iNOS may play a protective role against the progression of NASH by upregulating HO-1 through Nrf-2. Upregulation of hepatocellular iNOS may represent a potentially new therapeutic paradigm to combat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China; Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Zheping Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China.
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Choi Y, Abdelmegeed MA, Song BJ. Preventive effects of dietary walnuts on high-fat-induced hepatic fat accumulation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 38:70-80. [PMID: 27732911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that dietary walnut would prevent high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced hepatic apoptosis based on its antioxidant properties. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a rodent chow or HFD (45% energy-derived)±walnuts (21.5% energy-derived) for 6 weeks. Liver histological and biochemical analyses revealed significantly elevated fat accumulation in mice fed HFD compared to mice fed the chow or HFD±walnuts. Walnut supplementation prevented HFD-mediated alteration of the levels of key proteins in lipid homeostasis such as Sirt1, AMPK and FAS, leading to decreased fat accumulation. In addition, walnut supplementation to HFD significantly decreased the hepatic levels of cytochrome P450-2E1, nitrated proteins and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, walnut supplementation decreased the activated cell-death-associated p-JNK and p-p38K accompanied with increased hepatocyte apoptosis in HFD group. The beneficial effects of dietary walnut likely result, at least partially, from its antioxidant ingredients and attenuating HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, nitroxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshim Choi
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Böhm T, Berger H, Nejabat M, Riegler T, Kellner F, Kuttke M, Sagmeister S, Bazanella M, Stolze K, Daryabeigi A, Bintner N, Murkovic M, Wagner KH, Schulte-Hermann R, Rohr-Udilova N, Huber W, Grasl-Kraupp B. Food-derived peroxidized fatty acids may trigger hepatic inflammation: a novel hypothesis to explain steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2013; 59:563-70. [PMID: 23665282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity and hepatic steatosis are frequently associated with the development of a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanisms driving progression of a non-inflamed steatosis to NASH are largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether ingestion of peroxidized lipids, as being present in Western style diet, triggers the development of hepatic inflammation. METHODS Corn oil containing peroxidized fatty acids was administered to rats by gavage for 6 days. In a separate approach, hepatocytes (HC), endothelial (EC) and Kupffer cells (KC) were isolated from untreated livers, cultured, and incubated with peroxidized linoleic acid (LOOH; linoleic acid (LH) being the main fatty acid in corn oil). Samples obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies were mainly investigated by qRT-PCR and biochemical determinations of lipid peroxidation products. RESULTS Rat treatment with peroxidized corn oil resulted in increased hepatic lipid peroxidation, upregulation of nitric oxide synthetase-2 (NOS-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), elevation of total nitric oxides, and increase in cd68-, cd163-, TNFα-, and/or COX-2 positive immune cells in the liver. When investigating liver cell types, LOOH elevated the secretion of TNFα, p38MAPK phosphorylation, and mRNA levels of NOS-2, COX-2, and TNFα, mainly in KC. The elevation of gene expression could be abrogated by inhibiting p38MAPK, which indicates that p38MAPK activation is involved in the pro-inflammatory effects of LOOH. CONCLUSIONS These data show for the first time that ingestion of peroxidized fatty acids carries a considerable pro-inflammatory stimulus into the body which reaches the liver and may trigger the development of hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Böhm
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Nomura K, Yamanouchi T. The role of fructose-enriched diets in mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:203-8. [PMID: 22129639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently affects 20%-30% of adults and 10% of children in industrialized countries, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Although NAFLD is a benign form of liver dysfunction, it can proceed to a more serious condition, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is accompanied by obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, and evidence suggests that fructose, a major caloric sweetener in the diet, plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. Inflammatory progression to NASH is proposed to occur by a two-hit process. The first "hit" is hepatic fat accumulation owing to increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, inhibition of fatty acid beta oxidation, impaired triglyceride clearance and decreased very-low-density lipoprotein export. The mechanisms of the second "hit" are still largely unknown, but recent studies suggest several possibilities, including inflammation caused by oxidative stress associated with lipid peroxidation, cytokine activation, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, and endogenous toxins of fructose metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo 1838605, Japan.
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Hong JY, F Sato E, Hiramoto K, Nishikawa M, Inoue M. Mechanism of Liver Injury during Obstructive Jaundice: Role of Nitric Oxide, Splenic Cytokines, and Intestinal Flora. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 40:184-93. [PMID: 18398495 PMCID: PMC2275763 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.40.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the roles of enteric bacteria and immunological interactions among liver, spleen and intestine in the pathogenesis of liver injury during obstructive jaundice, we studied the effects of antibiotics and splenectomy on bile-duct-ligated C57BL mice. When animals were subjected to bile-duct-ligation (BDL), plasma levels of bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increased markedly. However, the increases in plasma transaminases were significantly lower in splenectomized or antibiotics-treated groups than in the control BDL group. Histological examination revealed that liver injury was also low in the two groups. BDL markedly increased plasma level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in liver and spleen. These changes were suppressed either by splenectomy or administration of antibiotics. Kinetic analysis revealed that BDL-induced liver injury and the increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and INF-γ were lower in iNOS−/− than in wild type animals. BDL markedly increased the expression of IgA in colonic mucosa. These observations suggest that enteric bacteria, nitric oxide and cytokines including IFN-γ and IL-10 derived from spleen and intestines form a critical network that determines the extent of liver injury during obstructive jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Ackerman Z, Karmeli F, Pappo O. Divergent effects of irritants on the gastric mucosa in rats during various stages after bile duct ligation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25:1170-5. [PMID: 20594235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Controversy exists as to whether rats after bile duct ligation (BDL) are more susceptible to gastric mucosal damage (GMD) induced by irritants. In the present study we characterize GMD after intragastric instillation of either ethanol or hydrochloric acid (HCL), 3 and 21 days after the surgical procedure. METHODS Bile duct ligation and sham operated (SO) rats were studied. RESULTS Three days after surgery, BDL rats exhibited a reduction in gastric mucosal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity but an increase in ethanol-induced GMD. Twenty-one days after surgery gastric mucosal prostaglandin (PG) E(2) generation in BDL rats was increased while NOS activity in both groups was similar. Ethanol-induced GMD in SO rats was higher. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, prior to ethanol administration was associated with an increase in gastric mucosal PGE(2) generation: (147% in SO and 104% in BDL rats) and in GMD (176% in SO and 303% in BDL rats). HCL induced GMD was of similar magnitude in both groups in both time periods. CONCLUSIONS The gastric resistance to damage by irritants in rats with BDL is not a static phenomenon. This may result from sequential changes that occur in the gastric mucosal defense mechanisms during the evolution of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Ackerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Fujita K, Nozaki Y, Yoneda M, Wada K, Takahashi H, Kirikoshi H, Inamori M, Saito S, Iwasaki T, Terauchi Y, Maeyama S, Nakajima A. Nitric oxide plays a crucial role in the development/progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined diet-fed rat model. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 34 Suppl 1:S18-24. [PMID: 18986378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still unclear. Recently, the 2-hit hypothesis was proposed, in which nitric oxide production, representing oxidative stress, was proposed as a very important candidate for the second hit. METHODS The total study period was 10 weeks. A total of 20 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was administered the Choline-Deficient, l-Amino Acid-Defined diet to produce a NASH model, and Group 2 as control received the Choline-Sufficient, l-Amino Acid-defined diet. The blood and tissue concentrations of nitrate + nitrite were measured using the Griess reagent and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins and mRNA was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS In regard to nitric oxide (NO) and NO metabolites, there were significant differences in the blood (especially portal venous blood) as well as tissue (liver and visceral fat) concentrations between the 2 animal groups; the amounts of NO metabolites in the tissues were much higher in the NASH models. The level of nitrotyrosine was much markedly higher in the NASH models than in the controls. In regard to the tissue expression of iNOS a significant difference between the 2 groups was found in the visceral fat, especially in the mesenterium. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we hypothesize that the iNOS expression and NO levels in the visceral fat increase, with increased diffusion of NO and its metabolites into the liver, resulting in increased nitrotyrosine formation in the liver; this, in turn, induces inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the liver, which are one of the characteristic features of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fujita
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Yoneda M, Hotta K, Nozaki Y, Endo H, Tomeno W, Watanabe S, Hosono K, Mawatari H, Iida H, Fujita K, Takahashi H, Kirikoshi H, Kobayashi N, Inamori M, Kubota K, Shimamura T, Saito S, Maeyama S, Wada K, Nakajima A. Influence of inducible nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms in Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2009; 39:963-71. [PMID: 19624767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2009.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Genetic factors as well as environmental factors play an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was significantly higher in the severest form of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and nitric oxide (NO) has been determined to play an important role in the process of fibrosis in NASH. In this study, we investigated iNOS gene polymorphisms for associations with NAFLD. METHODS A total of 115 NAFLD patients, consisting of 65 patients with NASH and 50 patients with simple steatosis, in whom a positive diagnosis had been made by liver biopsy, and 435 healthy control subjects, were recruited into this study. RESULTS We investigated 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the iNOS gene, one of which, rs1060822, had the lowest P-value in the allele frequency model (P = 0.00078) with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.49 (0.32-0.75). Four SNP, rs2297510, rs2297511, rs2797512 and rs1060822, were significantly associated with NAFLD, even when the most conservative Bonferroni's correction was applied. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed that SNP rs1060822 and three other SNP, rs2297510, rs2297511 and rs2797512, were in the same block. We also investigated associations between rs1060822 genotypes and the fibrosis index, and the results of the analysis revealed an additive increase in the fibrosis index and intrahepatic iNOS mRNA expression in the patients with the T allele of rs1060822. CONCLUSION This is the first study to identify genetic variations in iNOS that may influence the risk of NAFLD and liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yoneda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Floyd RA, Kotake Y, Towner RA, Guo WX, Nakae D, Konishi Y. Nitric Oxide and Cancer Development. J Toxicol Pathol 2007. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.20.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Floyd
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | | | | | | - Dai Nakae
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
- Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Yoichi Konishi
- International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists
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Wei CL, Hon WM, Lee KH, Khoo HE. Chronic administration of aminoguanidine reduces vascular nitric oxide production and attenuates liver damage in bile duct-ligated rats. Liver Int 2005; 25:647-56. [PMID: 15910502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. This study investigated the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in cirrhosis induced by bile duct-ligation (BDL) with NOS inhibitors. METHOD Three days after operation, rats were randomized to receive aminoguanidine (AG, 25 mg/kg/day) or L-N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. RESULTS Vascular NO production, which was increased in BDL cirrhotic rats, was reduced by 75% with AG but not L-NAME chronic administration. AG treatment attenuated liver damage, while L-NAME aggravated it. AG significantly suppressed inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in aorta of BDL rats at both mRNA and protein level, but much less efficient in reducing it in liver. In contrast, endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression was not markedly affected. Calcium-independent NOS activity, which was dramatically increased in aorta of BDL rats, was abolished by AG treatment. In liver, however, both calcium-dependent and -independent NOS activity were increased by AG treatment. CONCLUSION Chronic administration of AG could reduce systemic NO levels as well as suppress iNOS expression and activity in aorta of BDL rats. It also improved liver function, possibly because of its ability to increase hepatic NOS activity, and to correct the systemic hemodynamic disorders by decreasing vascular NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Li Wei
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
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