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Vaccaro JA, Naser SA. The Role of Methyl Donors of the Methionine Cycle in Gastrointestinal Infection and Inflammation. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:healthcare10010061. [PMID: 35052225 PMCID: PMC8775811 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiency is well known to contribute to disease development in both humans and other animals. Nonetheless, truly understanding the role of vitamins in human biology requires more than identifying their deficiencies. Discerning the mechanisms by which vitamins participate in health is necessary to assess risk factors, diagnostics, and treatment options for deficiency in a clinical setting. For researchers, the absence of a vitamin may be used as a tool to understand the importance of the metabolic pathways in which it participates. This review aims to explore the current understanding of the complex relationship between the methyl donating vitamins folate and cobalamin (B12), the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), and inflammatory processes in human disease. First, it outlines the process of single-carbon metabolism in the generation of first methionine and subsequently SAM. Following this, established relationships between folate, B12, and SAM in varying bodily tissues are discussed, with special attention given to their effects on gut inflammation.
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Rodríguez-Aguilera JR, Ecsedi S, Goldsmith C, Cros MP, Domínguez-López M, Guerrero-Celis N, Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca R, Chemin I, Recillas-Targa F, Chagoya de Sánchez V, Hernández-Vargas H. Genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) emerges at early stage of in vitro differentiation of a putative hepatocyte progenitor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7822. [PMID: 32385352 PMCID: PMC7210258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A basic question linked to differential patterns of gene expression is how cells reach different fates despite using the same DNA template. Since 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) emerged as an intermediate metabolite in active DNA demethylation, there have been increasing efforts to elucidate its function as a stable modification of the genome, including a role in establishing such tissue-specific patterns of expression. Recently we described TET1-mediated enrichment of 5hmC on the promoter region of the master regulator of hepatocyte identity, HNF4A, which precedes differentiation of liver adult progenitor cells in vitro. Here, we studied the genome-wide distribution of 5hmC at early in vitro differentiation of human hepatocyte-like cells. We found a global increase in 5hmC as well as a drop in 5-methylcytosine after one week of in vitro differentiation from bipotent progenitors, at a time when the liver transcript program is already established. 5hmC was overall higher at the bodies of overexpressed genes. Furthermore, by modifying the metabolic environment, an adenosine derivative prevents 5hmC enrichment and impairs the acquisition of hepatic identity markers. These results suggest that 5hmC could be a marker of cell identity, as well as a useful biomarker in conditions associated with cell de-differentiation such as liver malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rafael Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. Mx., Mexico
| | - Szilvia Ecsedi
- Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) - National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Chloe Goldsmith
- Department of Immunity, Virus and Inflammation. Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), Inserm U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69373, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Cros
- Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mariana Domínguez-López
- Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. Mx., Mexico
| | - Nuria Guerrero-Celis
- Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. Mx., Mexico
| | - Rebeca Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca
- Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. Mx., Mexico
- Division of Biomedical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de noviembre", ISSSTE, San Lorenzo 502, Benito Juárez, 03100, Cd. Mx., Mexico
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Félix Recillas-Targa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. Mx., Mexico
| | - Victoria Chagoya de Sánchez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Cd. Mx., Mexico.
| | - Héctor Hernández-Vargas
- Department of Immunity, Virus and Inflammation. Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), Inserm U 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69373, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France.
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation. Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69373, Lyon, CEDEX 08, France.
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Stiuso P, Bagarolo ML, Ilisso CP, Vanacore D, Martino E, Caraglia M, Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G. Protective Effect of Tyrosol and S-Adenosylmethionine against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress of Hepg2 Cells Involves Sirtuin 1, P53 and Erk1/2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050622. [PMID: 27128904 PMCID: PMC4881448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in ethanol-induced liver damage, and agents with antioxidant properties are promising as therapeutic opportunities in alcoholic liver disease. In the present work, we investigated the effect of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), Tyrosol (Tyr), and their combination on HepG2 cells exposed to ethanol exploring the potential molecular mechanisms. We exposed HepG2 cells to 1 M ethanol for 4 and 48 h; thereafter, we recorded a decreased cell viability, increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid accumulation, and the release into culture medium of markers of liver disease such as triacylglycerol, cholesterol, transaminases, albumin, ferritin, and homocysteine. On the other hand, AdoMet and Tyrosol were able to attenuate or antagonize these adverse changes induced by acute exposure to ethanol. The protective effects were paralleled by increased Sirtuin 1 protein expression and nuclear translocation and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation that were both responsible for the protection of cells from apoptosis. Moreover, AdoMet increased p53 and p21 expression, while Tyrosol reduced p21 expression and enhanced the expression of uncleaved caspase 3 and 9, suggesting that its protective effect may be related to the inhibition of the apoptotic machinery. Altogether, our data show that AdoMet and Tyrosol exert beneficial effects in ethanol-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and provide a rationale for their potential use in combination in the prevention of ethanol-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Stiuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Libera Bagarolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Concetta Paola Ilisso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniela Vanacore
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marina Porcelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Cacciapuoti
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Shukla SD, Restrepo R, Fish P, Lim RW, Ibdah JA. Different Mechanisms for Histone Acetylation by Ethanol and Its Metabolite Acetate in Rat Primary Hepatocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:18-23. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.223867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Choudhury M, Park PH, Jackson D, Shukla SD. Evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the acetylation of histone H3 by ethanol in rat hepatocytes. Alcohol 2010; 44:531-40. [PMID: 20705415 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between ethanol-induced oxidative stress and acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3AcK9) remains unknown and was therefore investigated in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Cells were treated with ethanol, and a select group of pharmacological agents and the status of H3AcK9 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were monitored. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with N-acetyl cystein (ROS reducer), or dietary antioxidants (quercetin, reserveratrol), or NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase inhibitor apocynin, significantly reduced ethanol (50 mM, 24 h) induced increases in ROS and H3AcK9. In contrast, l-buthionine sulfoximine (ROS inducer) and inhibitor of mitochondrial complexes I (rotenone) and III (antimycin) increased ethanol-induced H3AcK9 (P<.01). Oxidative stress also affected ethanol-induced alcohol dehydrogenase 1 mRNA expression. These results demonstrate for the first time that oxidative stress is involved in the ethanol-induced histone H3 acetylation in hepatocytes.
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Cederbaum AI. Hepatoprotective effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine against alcohol- and cytochrome P450 2E1-induced liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1366-76. [PMID: 20238404 PMCID: PMC2842529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i11.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) acts as a methyl donor for methylation reactions and participates in the synthesis of glutathione. SAM is also a key metabolite that regulates hepatocyte growth, differentiation and death. Hepatic SAM levels are decreased in animal models of alcohol liver injury and in patients with alcohol liver disease or viral cirrhosis. This review describes the protection by SAM against alcohol and cytochrome P450 2E1-dependent cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo and evaluates mechanisms for this protection.
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García-Román R, Salazar-González D, Rosas S, Arellanes-Robledo J, Beltrán-Ramírez O, Fattel-Fazenda S, Villa-Treviño S. The differential NF-kB modulation by S-adenosyl-L-methionine, N-acetylcysteine and quercetin on the promotion stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Free Radic Res 2009; 42:331-43. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760802005169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Oh YI, Kim JH, Kang CW. Effects of ethanol on insulin-like growth factor-I system in primary cultured rat hepatocytes: Implications of JNK1/2 and alcoholdehydrogenase. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:4324-31. [PMID: 18666320 PMCID: PMC2731183 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effects of ethanol on the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system involved in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2) and alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH) activity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
METHODS: Hepatocytes isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with various concentrations of ethanol for different durations of time. The cells were pretreated with SP600125 (10 &mgr;mol/L) and 4-MP (200 &mgr;mol/L), and then treated with ethanol (200 mmol/L). We then measured IGF-Isecretion, IGF-I mRNA expression, cell viability and JNK1/2 activity by radioimmunoassay, RT-PCR, MTT assay and Western blot, respectively (n = 6).
RESULTS: Ethanol induced the activity of phospho (p)-JNK1/2, reaching a maximum at 60 min and then decreasing at 180 min. The effects of ethanol on the IGF-I system were increased at 60 min (secretion: 7.11 ± 0.59 ng/mg protein vs 4.91 ± 0.51 ng/mg, mRNA expression: 150.2% ± 10.2% vs 101.5% ± 11.3%, P = 0.045) and then decreased at 180 min (secretion: 3.89 ± 0.25 ng/mg vs 5.4 ± 0.54 ng/mg protein; mRNA expression: 41.5% ± 10.4% vs 84.7% ± 12.1%, P = 0.04), however cell viability was decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. SP600125 blocked the ethanol-induced changes (at 60 min). Additionally, 4-methylpyrazole prevented the ethanol-induced decreases in the IGF-I system, cell viability and p-JNK1/2 activity (at 180 min).
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that ethanol-induced p-JNK1/2 activation is associated with the IGF-I system and cell viability in hepatocytes. Furthermore, alcohol dehydrogenase is involved in the relationship between ethanol-induced inactivation of p-JNK1/2 and the changes of the IGF-I system and cell viability.
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Zhou Z, Liu J, Song Z, McClain CJ, Kang YJ. Zinc supplementation inhibits hepatic apoptosis in mice subjected to a long-term ethanol exposure. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:540-8. [PMID: 18375824 DOI: 10.3181/0710-rm-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte apoptosis has been documented in both clinical and experimental alcoholic liver disease. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of dietary zinc supplementation on hepatic apoptosis in mice subjected to a long-term ethanol exposure. Male adult 129S6 mice fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 months developed hepatitis, as indicated by neutrophil infiltration and elevation of hepatic keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels. Apoptotic cell death was detected in ethanol-exposed mice by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and was confirmed by the increased activities of caspase-3 and -8. Zinc supplementation attenuated alcoholic hepatitis and reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells in association with inhibition of caspase activities. Ethanol exposure caused oxidative stress, as indicated by reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial glutathione depletion, and decreased metallothionein levels in the liver, which were suppressed by zinc supplementation. The mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF-R1, FasL, Fas, Fas-associated factor-1, and caspase-3 in the liver were upregulated by ethanol exposure, which were attenuated by zinc supplementation. Zinc supplementation also prevented ethanol-elevated serum and hepatic TNF-alpha levels and TNF-R1 and Fas proteins in the liver. In conclusion, zinc supplementation prevented hepatocyte apoptosis in mice subjected to long-term ethanol exposure, and the action of zinc is likely through suppression of oxidative stress and death receptor-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxiang Zhou
- The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 511 South Floyd Street, MDR Room 529, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Magne L, Blanc E, Marchand A, Fafournoux P, Barouki R, Rouach H, Garlatti M. Stabilization of IGFBP-1 mRNA by ethanol in hepatoma cells involves the JNK pathway. J Hepatol 2007; 47:691-8. [PMID: 17640761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) modulates cell growth and metabolism in a variety of physiopathological conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in IGFBP-1 upregulation by ethanol. METHODS We studied IGFBP-1 regulation by ethanol at the protein, mRNA and gene promoter levels in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line, HepG2, which does not express significantly ethanol-metabolizing enzymes. RESULTS Ethanol (35-150mM) induced the IGFBP-1 mRNA and protein up to 5-fold in a dose-dependent manner. A similar effect was observed using primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Various inhibitors of ethanol metabolism and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine did not prevent ethanol effects. While ethanol did not modify the IGFBP-1 gene promoter activity, it elicited a 2- to 3-fold increase in IGFBP-1 mRNA half-life and this stabilization required the 5' and the 3' untranslated mRNA region. Ethanol triggered a rapid activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) in HepG2 cells and IGFBP-1 induction was significantly decreased by a specific inhibitor of JNK. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a novel pathway of gene regulation by alcohol which involves the activation of JNK and the consequent mRNA stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Magne
- INSERM U747, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Paris F-75006, France
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