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Bu FT, Jia PC, Zhu Y, Yang YR, Meng HW, Bi YH, Huang C, Li J. Emerging therapeutic potential of adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy in liver fibrosis. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:191-206. [PMID: 35859692 PMCID: PMC9271983 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response that results from various chronic damages. If the causes of damage are not removed or effective treatments are not given in a timely manner, it will progress to cirrhosis, even liver cancer. Currently, there are no specific medical therapies for liver fibrosis. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy, one of the frontiers of modern medicine, has gained more attention in many fields due to its high safety profile, low immunogenicity, long-term efficacy in mediating gene expression, and increasingly known tropism. Notably, increasing evidence suggests a promising therapeutic potential for AAV-mediated gene therapy in different liver fibrosis models, which helps to correct abnormally changed target genes in the process of fibrosis and improve liver fibrosis at the molecular level. Moreover, the addition of cell-specific promoters to the genome of recombinant AAV helps to limit gene expression in specific cells, thereby producing better therapeutic efficacy in liver fibrosis. However, animal models are considered to be powerless predictive of tissue tropism, immunogenicity, and genotoxic risks in humans. Thus, AAV-mediated gene therapy will face many challenges. This review systemically summarizes the recent advances of AAV-mediated gene therapy in liver fibrosis, especially focusing on cellular and molecular mechanisms of transferred genes, and presents prospective challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tian Bu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Jia
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Ru Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Wu Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Hui Bi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Canesin G, Feldbrügge L, Wei G, Janovicova L, Janikova M, Csizmadia E, Ariffin J, Hedblom A, Herbert ZT, Robson SC, Celec P, Swanson KD, Nasser I, Popov YV, Wegiel B. Heme oxygenase-1 mitigates liver injury and fibrosis via modulation of LNX1/Notch1 pathway in myeloid cells. iScience 2022; 25:104983. [PMID: 36093061 PMCID: PMC9450142 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of resident macrophages (Mϕ) and hepatic stellate cells is a key event in chronic liver injury. Mice with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; Hmox1)-deficient Mϕ (LysM-Cre:Hmox1 flfl ) exhibit increased inflammation, periportal ductular reaction, and liver fibrosis following bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury and increased pericellular fibrosis in NASH model. RiboTag-based RNA-sequencing profiling of hepatic HO-1-deficient Mϕ revealed dysregulation of multiple genes involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism, regulation of oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix turnover. Among these genes, ligand of numb-protein X1 (LNX1) expression is strongly suppressed in HO-1-deficient Mϕ. Importantly, HO-1 and LNX1 were expressed by hepatic Mϕ in human biliary and nonbiliary end-stage cirrhosis. We found that Notch1 expression, a downstream target of LNX1, was increased in LysM-Cre:Hmox1 flfl mice. In HO-1-deficient Mϕ treated with heme, transient overexpression of LNX1 drives M2-like Mϕ polarization. In summary, we identified LNX1/Notch1 pathway as a downstream target of HO-1 in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Canesin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Linda Feldbrügge
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guangyan Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lubica Janovicova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Janikova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Juliana Ariffin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andreas Hedblom
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zachary T. Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kenneth D. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Imad Nasser
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yury V. Popov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Corresponding author
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Vrazas V, Moustafa S, Makridakis M, Karakasiliotis I, Vlahou A, Mavromara P, Katsani KR. A Proteomic Approach to Study the Biological Role of Hepatitis C Virus Protein Core+1/ARFP. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081694. [PMID: 36016316 PMCID: PMC9518822 DOI: 10.3390/v14081694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus is the major cause of chronic liver diseases and the only cytoplasmic RNA virus known to be oncogenic in humans. The viral genome gives rise to ten mature proteins and to additional proteins, which are the products of alternative translation initiation mechanisms. A protein-known as ARFP (alternative reading frame protein) or Core+1 protein-is synthesized by an open reading frame overlapping the HCV Core coding region in the (+1) frame of genotype 1a. Almost 20 years after its discovery, we still know little of the biological role of the ARFP/Core+1 protein. Here, our differential proteomic analysis of stable hepatoma cell lines expressing the Core+1/Long isoform of HCV-1a relates the expression of the Core+1/Long isoform with the progression of the pathology of HCV liver disease to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Vrazas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (V.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Savvina Moustafa
- Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Ioannis Karakasiliotis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Penelope Mavromara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (V.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Katerina R. Katsani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (V.V.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Kim JY, Choi Y, Leem J, Song JE. Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction by Cobalt Protoporphyrin Ameliorates Cholestatic Liver Disease in a Xenobiotic-Induced Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158253. [PMID: 34361019 PMCID: PMC8347179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases can progress to end-stage liver disease and reduce patients' quality of life. Although their underlying mechanisms are still incompletely elucidated, oxidative stress is considered to be a key contributor to these diseases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme that displays antioxidant action. It has been found that this enzyme plays a protective role against various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of HO-1 in cholestatic liver diseases has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined whether pharmacological induction of HO-1 by cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) ameliorates cholestatic liver injury. To this end, a murine model of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet feeding was used. Administration of CoPP ameliorated liver damage and cholestasis with HO-1 upregulation in DDC diet-fed mice. Induction of HO-1 by CoPP suppressed the DDC diet-induced oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. In addition, CoPP attenuated cytokine production and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, deposition of the extracellular matrix and expression of fibrosis-related genes after DDC feeding were also decreased by CoPP. HO-1 induction decreased the number of myofibroblasts and inhibited the transforming growth factor-β pathway. Altogether, these data suggest that the pharmacological induction of HO-1 ameliorates cholestatic liver disease by suppressing oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Yongmin Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Jeong Eun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.E.S.)
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Zheng S, Chen Y, Zheng S, He Z, Weng Z. Inhibition of Mastermind-like 1 alleviates liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1099-1108. [PMID: 30400752 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218810892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1) functions in critical transcriptional coactivation in Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathways, which participate in hepatic fibrosis. This study is aimed to reveal the potential role of MAML1 in liver fibrosis and identify its underlying mechanism. In present research, the enhanced expression of MAML1 was found in the fibrotic liver tissues in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, and MAML1 expression increased gradually during the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from the normal rat. Further studies showed that blocking MAML1 expression efficiently decreased the expression of α-SMA and collagen I (Col1a1) in HSCs. Interestingly, MAML1 may modulate HSCs activation via interrupting both Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signal transductions, and the inhibition of MAML1 by a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 1 vector carrying shRNA targeting MAML1 alleviated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. These findings suggest that the selective regulation of MAML1 expression may be a feasible therapeutic approach to reverse liver fibrosis. Impact statement Liver fibrosis is a common wound-healing response to all kinds of liver injuries. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is the key event during liver fibrogenesis. Thus, the elucidation of mechanisms for regulating HSCs activation is helpful for identifying novel anti-fibrotic targets and strategies. MAML1, an important component of Notch signal, functions in critical transcriptional coactivation in the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathways. In the present study, we investigated the potential function of MAML1 during hepatic fibrogenesis in rats. Our results demonstrated that MAML1 participates in liver fibrosis through modulating HSCs activation via interrupting both the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signal transductions. Additionally, the inhibition of MAML1 markedly attenuated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrogenesis in rats. Our results shed a light for the exploitation of a new therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis via targeting MAML1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Union Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yixiong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Union Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Hainan Cancer Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Hainan Cancer Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Zhihong Weng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Union Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
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Al-Rasheed NM, Attia HA, Mohamad RA, Al-Rasheed NM, Al Fayez M, Al-Amin MA. Date fruits inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis and modulate the expression of hepatocyte growth factor, cytochrome P450 2E1 and heme oxygenase-1 in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:78-92. [PMID: 27960551 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1251945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Date fruits have protective effects against liver fibrosis; however their anti-apoptotic effects have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the modulating effects of date fruits on pro- and anti-apoptotic markers, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced by injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for eight weeks. Date flesh extract (DFE) and pits extract (DPE) were taken daily concomitant with CCl4. Hepatocyte apoptosis was determined by measuring the expression of Fas, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl2 and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Hepatic levels of HGF and CYP2E1 were determined. RESULTS Treatment with DFE and DPE significantly attenuated the elevated levels of Fas, caspase 3, Bax and CYP2E1 induced by CCl4. In addition, they alleviated the reduction in Bcl2, HGF and HO-1, the cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic factors in liver. Conclusions DFE and DPE treatment can ameliorate liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf M Al-Rasheed
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Attia
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- b Department of Biochemistry , College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt , and
| | - Raeesa A Mohamad
- c Anatomy Department , Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M Al-Rasheed
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaed Al Fayez
- c Anatomy Department , Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Al-Amin
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Tang Y, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Chen G, Yu F. Low concentrations of bilirubin inhibit activation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1647-1653. [PMID: 28260031 PMCID: PMC5364989 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation serves a key role in liver fibrosis, and is associated with chronic liver diseases. Bilirubin, a product of heme degradation, has been demonstrated to have antioxidant properties. The present study investigated the effects of physiological concentrations of bilirubin on rat HSC activation. Rat HSCs were isolated and cultured for several generations to induce activation. The activated HSCs were subsequently treated with 0, 1, 10 or 20 mg/l bilirubin and assayed for parameters of cell activation. As the bilirubin concentration increased, HSCs demonstrated reduced production of reactive oxygen species, reduced protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin, a decreased mRNA expression ratio of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1/matrix metalloproteinase-2, decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. In conclusion, elevated bilirubin levels, within its physiological concentration range, appeared to inhibit HSC activation. These findings suggested a potential role for bilirubin in the treatment of fibrosis that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhe Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yefan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fuxiang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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El-Tantawy WH, Sabry D, Abd Al Haleem EN. Comparative study of antifibrotic activity of some magnesium-containing supplements on experimental liver toxicity. Molecular study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:47-56. [PMID: 27151930 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2016.1172083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including collagen that occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of different magnesium (Mg)-containing supplements (formulations A, B, and C) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of rats with CCl4 (1:1 in olive oil, 2 mL/kg, three times/week) for 4 weeks, and then rats were orally treated with different Mg-containing supplements (formulations A, B, and C) once daily for another one month. Liver fibrosis was quantified by evaluation of expressions of Collagen I, transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1), platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C), nuclear factor kappa-β (NF-κβ), and measurement of hepatic collagen (hydroxyproline) level. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were estimated. RESULTS CCl4 administration significantly elevated expressions of the studied genes, hepatic hydroxyproline, MDA, and NO levels and caused depletion of GSH level, decreased SOD, and GST activities when compared with those of their corresponding control, p < 0.05. All magnesium supplements significantly inhibited expressions of the studied genes and attenuated the hepatic hydroxyproline level as compared with those of CCl4-treated group; p < 0.05; for NF-κβ, the highest inhibition was by formulations B and C. Regarding Collagen I, TGFβ1, and hepatic hydroxyproline content, the highest inhibition was by Formulation C, and Formulation A revealed highest inhibition for PDGF-C. All magnesium supplements revealed normalization of oxidant and antioxidants parameters. Histopathological examination supports the biochemical and molecular findings. CONCLUSION Mg supplements were effective in the treatment of hepatic CCl4-induced fibrosis-rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina Sabry
- b Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , and
| | - Ekram Nemr Abd Al Haleem
- c Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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Wollborn J, Wunder C, Stix J, Neuhaus W, Bruno RR, Baar W, Flemming S, Roewer N, Schlegel N, Schick MA. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition with rolipram attenuates hepatocellular injury in hyperinflammation in vivo and in vitro without influencing inflammation and HO-1 expression. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2015; 6:13-23. [PMID: 25709347 PMCID: PMC4319242 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.149138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the impact of the phophodiesterase-4 inhibition (PD-4-I) with rolipram on hepatic integrity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced hyperinflammation. Materials and Methods: Liver microcirculation in rats was obtained using intravital microscopy. Macrohemodynamic parameters, blood assays, and organs were harvested to determine organ function and injury. Hyperinflammation was induced by LPS and PD-4-I rolipram was administered intravenously one hour after LPS application. Cell viability of HepG2 cells was measured by EZ4U-kit based on the dye XTT. Experiments were carried out assessing the influence of different concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and LPS with or without PD-4-I. Results: Untreated LPS-induced rats showed significantly decreased liver microcirculation and increased hepatic cell death, whereas LPS + PD-4-I treatment could improve hepatic volumetric flow and cell death to control level whithout influencing the inflammatory impact. In HepG2 cells TNF-α and LPS significantly reduced cell viability. Coincubation with PD-4-I increased HepG2 viability to control levels. The heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway did not induce the protective effect of PD-4-I. Conclusion: Intravenous PD-4-I treatment was effective in improving hepatic microcirculation and hepatic integrity, while it had a direct protective effect on HepG2 viability during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wunder
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jana Stix
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rapahel R Bruno
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany ; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven Flemming
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Roewer
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Paediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schick
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Marques TG, Chaib E, da Fonseca JH, Lourenço ACR, Silva FD, Ribeiro MAF, Galvão FHF, D'Albuquerque LAC. Review of experimental models for inducing hepatic cirrhosis by bile duct ligation and carbon tetrachloride injection. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 27:589-94. [PMID: 22850713 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a review about a comparative study of bile duct ligation versus carbon tetrachloride Injection for inducing experimental liver cirrhosis. METHODS This research was made through Medline/PubMed and SciELO web sites looking for papers on the content "induction of liver cirrhosis in rats". We have found 107 articles but only 30 were selected from 2004 to 2011. RESULTS The most common methods used for inducing liver cirrhosis in the rat were administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bile duct ligation (BDL). CCl4 has induced cirrhosis from 36 hours to 18 weeks after injection and BDL from seven days to four weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION For a safer inducing cirrhosis method BDL is better than CCl4 because of the absence of toxicity for researches and shorter time for achieving it.
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11
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Yang H, Zhao LF, Zhao ZF, Wang Y, Zhao JJ, Zhang L. Heme oxygenase-1 prevents liver fibrosis in rats by regulating the expression of PPARγ and NF-κB. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1680-8. [PMID: 22529699 PMCID: PMC3325536 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i14.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 on liver fibrosis and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in rats.
METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were used to construct liver fibrosis models and were randomly divided into 5 groups: group A (normal, untreated), group B (model for 4 wk, untreated), group C (model for 6 wk, untreated), group D [model for 6 wk, treated with zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP-IX) from week 4 to week 6], group E (model for 6 wk, treated with hemin from week 4 to week 6). Next, liver injury was assessed by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin levels. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by measuring serum hyaluronate acid (HA), type IV collagen (IV-C) and by histological examination. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) content in the liver homogenate was determined. The expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in liver tissue were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression levels of PPARγ and NF-κB were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting.
RESULTS: The expression of HO-1 increased with the development of fibrosis. Induction of HO-1 by hemin significantly attenuated the severity of liver injury and the levels of liver fibrosis as compared with inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP-IX. The concentrations of serum ALT, AST, HA and IV-C in group E decreased compared with group C and group D (P < 0.01). Amount of Hyp and α-SMA in the liver tissues in group E decreased compared with group C (0.62 ± 0.14 vs 0.84 ± 0.07, 1.42 ± 0.17 vs 1.84 ± 0.17, respectively, P < 0.01) and group D (0.62 ± 0.14 vs 1.11 ± 0.16, 1.42 ± 0.17 vs 2.56 ± 0.37, respectively, P < 0.01). The expression of PPARγ at levels of transcription and translation decreased with the development of fibrosis especially in group D; and it increased in group E compared with groups C and D (0.88 ± 0.15 vs 0.56 ± 0.19, 0.88 ± 0.15 vs 0.41 ± 0.11, respectively, P < 0.01). The expression of NF-κB increased with the development of fibrosis especially in group D; and it decreased in group E compared with groups C and D (1.43 ± 0.31 vs 1.89 ± 0.29, 1.43 ± 0.31 vs 2.53 ± 0.54, respectively, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate a potential mechanism that HO-1 can prevent liver fibrosis by enhancing the expression of PPARγ and decreasing the expression of NF-κB in liver tissues.
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Durante W. Targeting heme oxygenase-1 in vascular disease. Curr Drug Targets 2011; 11:1504-16. [PMID: 20704550 DOI: 10.2174/1389450111009011504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) metabolizes heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and iron. Biliverdin is subsequently metabolized to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. HO-1 has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of vascular disease. Pharmacological induction or gene transfer of HO-1 ameliorates vascular dysfunction in animal models of atherosclerosis, post-angioplasty restenosis, vein graft stenosis, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and hypertension, while inhibition of HO-1 activity or gene deletion exacerbates these disorders. The vasoprotection afforded by HO-1 is largely attributable to its end products: CO and the bile pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin. These end products exert potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic actions. In addition, CO and bile pigments act to preserve vascular homeostasis at sites of arterial injury by influencing the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, or leukocytes. Several strategies are currently being developed to target HO-1 in vascular disease. Pharmacological induction of HO-1 by heme derivatives, dietary antioxidants, or currently available drugs, is a promising near-term approach, while HO-1 gene delivery is a long-term therapeutic goal. Direct administration of CO via inhalation or through the use of CO-releasing molecules and/or CO-sensitizing agents provides an attractive alternative approach in targeting HO-1. Furthermore, delivery of bile pigments, either alone or in combination with CO, presents another avenue for protecting against vascular disease. Since HO-1 and its products are potentially toxic, a major challenge will be to devise clinically effective therapeutic modalities that target HO-1 without causing any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
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Wang F, Duan ZJ, Sun YJ. Influence of heme oxygenase-1 expression on immune liver fibrosis induced by cobalt protoporphyrin in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:3009-14. [PMID: 19554654 PMCID: PMC2702109 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression on immune liver fibrosis induced by cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) in rats.
METHODS: An immune liver fibrosis model of rat was established by administering human serum albumin (HSA). The rats were divided into CoPP, liver fibrosis and normal control groups. Rats in the CoPP group received intraperitoneal CoPP concurrently with HSA. Expression of HO-1 protein was observed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to assess fibrosis proliferation and distribution, proliferation extent of fibroblasts, and alterations in hepatocytes and inflammatory cells. Type I and III collagens were detected with Van Gieson’s (VG) staining and Foot’s reticular fiber staining, respectively. In addition, spindle-shaped cells existing at perisinusoidal locations beyond portal and septa areas were investigated with HE staining.
RESULTS: Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of HO-1 protein was higher in the CoPP group than in the liver fibrosis group (P < 0.05). Compared with the liver fibrosis group, the serological index of hepatic fibrosis in the CoPP group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). HE, VG and Foot’s staining revealed that administration of CoPP reduced the extent of hepatic fibrosis. The levels of serological indicators and the number of spindle-shaped cells at perisinuous locations beyond the portal and septa areas were reduced in the CoPP group. Only a few inflammatory cells were seen around the portal areas and central veins in the CoPP group.
CONCLUSION: Increased endogenous HO-1 may suppress liver fibrosis by protecting liver cells, inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatic stellate cell transformation.
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Cross KJ, Bomsztyk ED, Weinstein AL, Teo EH, Spector JA, Lyden DC. A Novel Method for Targeted Gene Therapy in Ischemic Tissues through Viral Transfection of an Expression Cassette Containing Multiple Repetitions of Hypoxia Response Element. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 123:76S-82S. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e318191c044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McCarty MF, Barroso-Aranda J, Contreras F. Genistein and phycocyanobilin may prevent hepatic fibrosis by suppressing proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells. Med Hypotheses 2008; 72:330-2. [PMID: 18789597 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis reflects hepatotoxin-mediated activation of hepatic stellate cells, resulting in their proliferation and transformation to myofibroblasts that secrete collagen. This activation is suppressed by estrogen, an effect which explains the decreased risk for hepatic fibrosis enjoyed by premenopausal women and by postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Since stellate cells have been found to express the beta but not the alpha isoform of the estrogen receptor, it can be predicted that nutritional intakes of the soy isoflavone genistein - a selective agonist for ERbeta in the low nanomolar plasma concentrations achievable with these intakes - have potential for suppressing hepatic fibrosis, in both men and women. The antiproliferative impact of estrogen on stellate cells is mediated at least in part by suppression of NADPH oxidase activity; oxidant production by this enzyme complex plays a crucial role in stellate cell activation. Alternatively, it may be feasible to inhibit NADPH oxidase with phycocyanobilin (PCB), a biliverdin homolog found in spirulina that has recently been shown to inhibit the NADPH oxidase activity of human cell cultures in low micromolar concentrations. Joint administration of soy isoflavones and PCB in appropriate doses might have considerable potential for prevention of hepatic fibrosis in at-risk subjects.
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Duan ZJ, Liu J, Zhao G, Yang D, Li LL. Research progress in the relationship between HO-CO pathway and haemodynamic variation of cirrhotic portal hypertension. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:874-878. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i8.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperkinetic circulation may present in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension. Some papers about hemeoxygenase/endogenous carbon monoxide as HO-CO pathway, which significantly affects the regulation of blood vessel and correlates closely with the persistence of portal hypertension, variation of hepatic microcirculation and hyperkinetic circulatory state in cirrhotic portal hypertension, were published. This article gives a brief overview on the above respects in three parts, which were haemodynamic variation of cirrhotic portal hypertension, biologic activity of HO-CO pathway and their correlations.
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Abstract
This review is intended to stimulate interest in the effect of increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and increased levels of HO activity on normal and pathological states. The HO system includes the heme catabolic pathway, comprising HO and biliverdin reductase, and the products of heme degradation, carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin/bilirubin. The role of the HO system in diabetes, inflammation, heart disease, hypertension, neurological disorders, transplantation, endotoxemia and other pathologies is a burgeoning area of research. This review focuses on the clinical potential of increased levels of HO-1 protein and HO activity to ameliorate tissue injury. The use of pharmacological and genetic probes to manipulate HO, leading to new insights into the complex relationship of the HO system with biological and pathological phenomena under investigation, is reviewed. This information is critical in both drug development and the implementation of clinical approaches to moderate and to alleviate the numerous chronic disorders in humans affected by perturbations in the HO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Abraham
- New York Medical College, Basic Science Building, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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