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Wang P, Zheng X, Du R, Xu J, Li J, Zhang H, Liang X, Liang H. Astaxanthin Protects against Alcoholic Liver Injury via Regulating Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Calcium Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19531-19550. [PMID: 38038704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the critical role of calcium overload triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). As an important organelle for aerobic respiration with a double-layered membrane, mitochondria are pivotal targets of alcohol metabolism-mediated lipid peroxidation, wherein mitochondria-specific phospholipid cardiolipin oxidation to 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) ultimately leads to mitochondrial integrity and function impairment. Therefore, it is absolutely essential to identify effective nutritional intervention targeting mitochondrial redox function for an alternative therapy of ALD, in order to compensate for the difficulty in achieving alcohol withdrawal due to addiction. In this study, we confirmed the significant advantages of astaxanthin (AX) against alcohol toxicity among various carotenoids via cell experiments and identified the potential in mitochondrion morphogenesis and calcium signaling pathway by bioinformatics analysis. The ALD model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was also generated to investigate the effectiveness of AX on alcohol-induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanisms were further explored. AX intervention attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation as well as mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by degenerative morphology changes and collapsed membrane potential. Also, AX reduced the production of 4-HNE by activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, which is closely associated with the redox balance of mitochondria. In addition, relieved mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation caused by AX was observed both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we revealed the structure-activity relationship of AX and mitochondrial membrane channel proteins MCU and VDAC1, implying potential acting targets. Altogether, our data indicated a new mechanism of AX intervention which protects against alcohol-induced liver injury through restoring redox balance and Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria, as well as provided novel insights into the development of AX as a therapeutic option for the management of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ronghuan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinghan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
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Ameliorative Impacts of Wheat Germ Oil against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction in Rats: Involvement of Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Apoptotic, and Antioxidant Signaling Pathways. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101671. [PMID: 36295108 PMCID: PMC9605469 DOI: 10.3390/life12101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Wheat germ oil (WGO) is a well-known product with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to investigate the impacts of WGO against ethanol-induced liver and kidney dysfunction at the serum, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. Rats received saline orally as a negative control or WGO in a dose of 1.5 mL/kg (1400 mg/kg body weight orally) for 15 days. The affected group received ethanol 50% v/v 10 mL/kg (5 g/kg) body weight orally once a day for consecutive 15 days to induce hepatorenal injuries in ethanolic non-treated group. The protective group received WGO daily 1 h before ethanol administration. Serum (1.5 mL) from blood was extracted and examined for the changes in biochemical assessments in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total protein, serum albumin, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium (K+), Beta-2 microglobulin (β2M), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Kidney and liver homogenate was used to measure MDA, GSH and catalase activities. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to express Nrf2 and HO-1 in liver, and NF-kB and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) in kidneys, which are correlated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Capase-3 and Bcl2 genes were examined using immunohistochemical analysis in the kidney and liver. Ethanol administration induced significant alteration in examined liver and kidney markers (AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, total proteins, urea, creatinine and uric acid). Moreover, alcohol administration decreased antioxidant activities at serum and hepatorenal tissues (GSH, catalase and SOD), while MDA was increased as a tissue degradation marker. Inflammatory cytokines, together with genes of oxidative stress markers (Nrf2 and HO-1), were all affected. At cellular levels, apoptotic marker caspase-3 was upregulated, while antiapoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), was down regulated using immunohistochemical analysis. Of interest, pretreatment with WGO improved the side effects induced by ethanol on hepatic, renal biomarkers and reversed its impact on serum and tissue antioxidant parameters. Nrf2/HO-1 were upregulated, while NFk-B and KIM-1 were downregulated using real time PCR. Immune reactivities of caspase-3 and Bcl2 genes were restored in the protective group. In conclusion, WGO ameliorated ethanol-induced hepatic and renal dysfunction at the biochemical, molecular and cellular levels by regulating some mechanisms that controls oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and anti-apoptotic pathways.
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Apoptosis induction in HeLa cervical cancer cell line by steroidal 16,17-seco-16,17a-dinitriles. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc210723035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Steroids are good candidates for drug development, thanks to their low
general toxicity and possible structure modifications, connected with change
of their activity. Several 16,17-secoandrost-4-ene-16,17a-dinitrile
compounds were synthesized and screened for anticancer effect previously,
including 6-oxo and 6-hydroxyimino compounds. This research is continued
with the attempts for different synthetic strategy and evaluation of
anticancer effect mechanism. Synthesis of 3-hydroxyimino compounds was
successful, but inseparable mix of isomers was excluded from biological
tests. Tested secodinitriles expressed cytotoxic effect on HeLa cervix
cancer cells as a model system, with submicromolar to molar IC50 values,
where 6-substituted derivatives were more effective. After 72 h treatment
with equitoxic concentrations equal IC50 values of test compounds the
mechanism of this effect was studied using flow cytometry and specific
fluorescent dyes. Modest change in both G0/G1 and G2/M resting phases and
change in mitochondrial membrane potential were noticed, while the most
pronounced effect was apoptosis induction. Total apoptosis was in range
50.72-58.31 % in all samples of cells treated with secodinitriles, compared
to 7.44 % in control samples. Total percent of dead cells, including both
apoptotic and necrotic, ranged from 55.24 to 65.34 %, compared to 10.68 % in
control. Selectivity towards cancer cells is very important feature of these
compounds as leading compounds in the drug development for the treatment of
cancers of steroid hormone-dependent tissues.
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Rodimova S, Elagin V, Karabut M, Koryakina I, Timin A, Zagainov V, Zyuzin M, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. Toxicological Analysis of Hepatocytes Using FLIM Technique: In Vitro versus Ex Vivo Models. Cells 2021; 10:2894. [PMID: 34831114 PMCID: PMC8616382 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new criteria indicating acute or chronic pathological processes resulting from exposure to toxic agents, testing of drugs for potential hepatotoxicity, and fundamental study of the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity at a molecular level still represents a challenging issue that requires the selection of adequate research models and tools. Microfluidic chips (MFCs) offer a promising in vitro model for express analysis and are easy to implement. However, to obtain comprehensive information, more complex models are needed. A fundamentally new label-free approach for studying liver pathology is fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We obtained FLIM data on both the free and bound forms of NAD(P)H, which is associated with different metabolic pathways. In clinical cases, liver pathology resulting from overdoses is most often as a result of acetaminophen (APAP) or alcohol (ethanol). Therefore, we have studied and compared the metabolic state of hepatocytes in various experimental models of APAP and ethanol hepatotoxicity. We have determined the potential diagnostic criteria including the pathologically altered metabolism of the hepatocytes in the early stages of toxic damage, including pronounced changes in the contribution from the bound form of NAD(P)H. In contrast to the MFCs, the changes in the metabolic state of hepatocytes in the ex vivo models are, to a greater extent, associated with compensatory processes. Thus, MFCs in combination with FLIM can be applied as an effective tool set for the express modeling and diagnosis of hepatotoxicity in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Irina Koryakina
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova St., 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alexander Timin
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave., 634034 Tomsk, Russia;
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya St., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Zyuzin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova St., 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (M.K.); (V.Z.); (E.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Oglakci-Ilhan A, Kusat-Ol K, Uzuner K, Uysal O, Sogut I, Yucel F, Kanbak G. Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on myocardial apoptosis in the rat model of isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury and investigation on the cardioprotective role of calpain inhibitor 1. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2727-2738. [PMID: 34628987 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1985910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the presence of myocardial apoptosis on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury (MI) after long-term high dose alcohol consumption and examined the antiapoptotic role of calpain inhibitor 1. Male Wistar Albino rats (n = 108) were divided into six groups: Control, alcohol (ethanol was given during 30 days for chronic alcohol consumption), MI (150 mg/kg ISO injection at last two days of alcohol consumption), alcohol + MI, alcohol + MI + calpain inhibitor 1 (10 mg/kg inhibitor was injected at 15 min before ISO injections) and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) groups. Biochemical, histological, and morphometric methods determined apoptosis levels in the heart tissue of rats. Cytochrome c, caspase 3, and calpain levels were significantly high in alcohol, MI, and alcohol + MI groups. In contrast, mitochondrial cardiolipin content was found to be low in alcohol, MI, and alcohol + MI groups. These parameters were close to the control group in the therapy group. Histological and morphometric data have supported biochemical results. As a result of our biochemical data, myocardial apoptosis was seen in the alcohol, MI, and especially alcohol after MI groups. Calpain inhibitor 1 reduced apoptotic cell death and prevented myocardial tissue injury in these groups. The efficiency of calpain inhibitor was very marked in MI after long-term high dose alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Oglakci-Ilhan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Eldivan Health Services, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Kevser Kusat-Ol
- Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Turkish Health of Ministry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Uzuner
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Onur Uysal
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production, Application and Research Center ESTEM, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Sogut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Yucel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Carbenoxolon Is Capable to Regulate the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Chronic Alcohol Intoxication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910249. [PMID: 34638588 PMCID: PMC8549702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: carbenoxolone, which is a derivative of glyceretic acid, is actively used in pharmacology for the treatment of diseases of various etiologies. In addition, we have shown carbenoxolone as an effective inducer of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in rat brain and liver mitochondria. Methods: in the course of this work, comparative studies were carried out on the effect of carbenoxolone on the parameters of mPTP functioning in mitochondria isolated from the liver of control and alcoholic rats. Results: within the framework of this work, it was found that carbenoxolone significantly increased its effect in the liver mitochondria of rats with chronic intoxication. In particular, this was expressed in a reduction in the lag phase, a decrease in the threshold calcium concentration required to open a pore, an acceleration of high-amplitude cyclosporin-sensitive swelling of mitochondria, as well as an increase in the effect of carbenoxolone on the level of mitochondrial membrane-bound proteins. Thus, as a result of the studies carried out, it was shown that carbenoxolone is involved in the development/modulation of alcohol tolerance and dependence in rats.
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Middleton P, Vergis N. Mitochondrial dysfunction and liver disease: role, relevance, and potential for therapeutic modulation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211031394. [PMID: 34377148 PMCID: PMC8320552 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211031394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles involved in energy production as well as numerous metabolic processes. There is a growing interest in the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of common chronic diseases as well as in cancer development. This review will examine the role mitochondria play in the pathophysiology of common liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mitochondrial dysfunction is described widely in the literature in studies examining patient tissue and in disease models. Despite significant differences in pathophysiology between chronic liver diseases, common mitochondrial defects are described, including increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. We review the current literature on mitochondrial-targeted therapies, which have the potential to open new therapeutic avenues in the management of patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil Vergis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Salehi E, Mashayekh M, Taheri F, Gholami M, Motaghinejad M, Safari S, Sepehr A. Curcumin Can be Acts as Effective agent for Prevent or Treatment of Alcohol-induced Toxicity in Hepatocytes: An Illustrated Mechanistic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:418-436. [PMID: 34400970 PMCID: PMC8170768 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112852.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that alcohol abuse can cause serious liver damage and cirrhosis. The main pathway for these types of hepatocellular cell neurodegeneration is mitochondrial dysfunction, which causes lipid peroxidation and dysfunction of the glutathione ring and the defect of antioxidant enzymes in alcoholic hepatic cells. Alcohol can also initiate malicious inflammatory pathways and trigger the initiation and activation of intestinal and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in hepatocellular tissues that lead to cirrhosis. Previous studies have shown that curcumin may inhibit lipid peroxidation, glutathione dysfunction and restore antioxidant enzymes. Curcumin also modulates inflammation and the production of alcohol-induced biomarkers. Curcumin has been shown to play a critical role in the survival of alcoholic hepatocellular tissue. It has been shown that curcumin can induce and trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and, by this mechanism, prevent the occurrence of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in liver cells that have been impaired by alcohol. According to this mechanism, curcumin may protect hepatocellular tissue from alcohol-induced cell degeneration and may therefore survive alcoholic hepatocellular tissue. . Based on these mechanisms, the protective functions of curcumin against alcohol-induced cell degeneration due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis events in hepatocellular tissue have been recorded. Hence, in this research, we have attempted to evaluate and analyze the main contribution mechanism of curcumin cell defense properties against alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage, according to previous experimental and clinical studies, and in this way we report findings from major studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Salehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mashayekh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Gholami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afrah Sepehr
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li Y, Li X, Xie M, Cheng L, Chen H, Sun H, Jiang L. [Toxicity of dibutyl phthalate in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons and the toxicological mechanism]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:225-232. [PMID: 32376539 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neurotoxicity and toxicological mechanism of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. METHODS Primary rat hippocampal neurons cultured for 4 days were exposed to 1 g/L DBP for 24, 48, or 96 h. Immunofluorescence assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the morphological changes of the axons and the ultrastructure of DBP-treated neurons. The action potential (AP) of the hippocampal neurons was measured with patch-clamp electrophysiology. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the viability of the hippocampal neurons, and Western blotting was performed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ). High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was employed to detect the release of the neurotransmitter GABA. RESULTS After exposure to DBP for 96 h, the cellular network of the hippocampal neurons became sparse, and the neurons showed significantly decreased axonal length (P < 0.01) and presented with round cell nuclei, chromatin aggregation and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed depolarization drift and increased frequency of discharge in the exposed neurons (P < 0.01). The neurons with DBP exposure for 24, 48 and 96 h all showed significantly decreased cell viability (P < 0.01). DBP exposure for 48 and 96 h significantly lowered the protein expressions of ERβ, BDNF and NPY, and a 96-h exposure significantly reduced the release of the neurotransmitter GABA in the neurons (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DBP exposure causes morphological and functional damages of primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. DBP-induced neurotoxicity is probably associated with GABA-mediated blockage of the ERβ-BDNF-NPY signaling communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Mingdan Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hengsheng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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Yuan H, Duan S, Guan T, Yuan X, Lin J, Hou S, Lai X, Huang S, Du X, Chen S. Vitexin protects against ethanol-induced liver injury through Sirt1/p53 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 873:173007. [PMID: 32045602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Vitexin on inhibiting ethanol-induced liver damage and explore the underling mechanism. In vitro, the injury was induced in LO2 cell by 100 mM ethanol. Cell viability, AST, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis rate, and related gene and protein expressions were assessed. Alcoholic liver injury model was made by intragastric infusion of alcohol for 4 weeks on male KM mice. Liver index, AST, ALT, TC, TG, TP, TBIL in serum and liver pathology were evaluated. Meanwhile, the level of SOD, MDA and TNF-α also were detected by Kits. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis the Sirt1/p53 pathway related gene and protein expressions. In vitro, Vitexin restored cytoactive and inhibited the releasing of AST induced by ethanol in LO2 cell. Vitexin treatment significantly suppressed the elevation of aminotransferase, blood lipid, UA in mice. Vitexin ameliorated liver pathological changes induced by ethanol. Vitexin supplement restored the decrease of Sirt1/Bcl-2 expression, restrained the elevation of caspase3, cleaved caspse-3, p53 and ac-p53 expression in vivo and in vitro. Vitexin has a protective effect against ethanol-induced liver damage, and the underlying mechanism is probably through Sirt1/p53 mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Yuan
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of pharmaceutical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuni Duan
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Guan
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jizong Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of pharmaceutical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Huang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianhua Du
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Cheng H, Zhu J, Shan J, Ouyang X, Yang H, Wei R, Zeng J. Involvement of toll-like receptor 2/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor kappa B/NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 signaling pathways in the hepatoprotective effect of Lagotis brachystachys in rats with alcoholic liver disease. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_557_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wu Z, Ma Y, Gong X, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Cheng G, Cai S. Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits prevent high-fat/ethanol diet-induced alcoholic fatty liver in rats via AMPK/SREBP-1/FAS signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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13
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Sandoval C, Vásquez B, Souza-Mello V, Adeli K, Mandarim-de-Lacerda C, del Sol M. Morphoquantitative effects of oral β-carotene supplementation on liver of C57BL/6 mice exposed to ethanol consumption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1713-1722. [PMID: 31933989 PMCID: PMC6947120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is harmful to the body, causing hepatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The effects of alcohol on the liver can be offset using natural antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the administration of oral β-carotene on the morphoquantitative characteristics of mice livers exposed to ethanol consumption. Forty-eight male mice were used, divided into six groups: Control (C), Low-dose alcohol (LA), Moderate-dose alcohol (MA), β-carotene (B), Low-dose alcohol+β-carotene (LA+B) and Moderate-dose alcohol+β-carotene (MA+B). On day 28 the animals were euthanized and the organs were harvested. The morphoquantitative analysis, evaluation of the collagen fiber content and transmission electron microscopy were performed. A one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. There were no differences between NVhep, VVhep, SVhep, VVbin, TVhep and TMhep in groups C and the MA+B (P < 0.001). The analysis of type I collagen fibers revealed that the MA+B group presented differences with groups C (P < 0.001), LA (P = 0.046) and LA+B (P = 0.009). The ultrastructural analysis for NAm, NVm, NTm, VVm, Vm, SVm and TSm did not reflect any significant differences between the groups. Our results suggest that the degree of hepatic steatosis produced by different doses of alcohol can be prevented. However, the following factors should be considered: amount of alcohol consumed, exposure time, regulatory mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease and signaling pathways involved in the ingestion of both ethanol and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidad de La FronteraTemuco, Chile
- Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La FronteraTemuco, Chile
| | - Bélgica Vásquez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de TarapacáArica, Chile
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of TorontoON, Canada
| | - Carlos Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Mariano del Sol
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidad de La FronteraTemuco, Chile
- Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La FronteraTemuco, Chile
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The Chinese medicine Chai Hu Li Zhong Tang protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMPKα. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180644. [PMID: 30291215 PMCID: PMC6239269 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is urgently needed. In the present study, we investigated whether the Chinese medicine Chai Hu Li Zhong Tang (CHLZT) could protect against the development of NAFLD. Rats in an animal model of NAFLD were treated with CHLZT, and their serum levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were detected with an automatic biochemical analyzer. A cellular model of NAFLD was also established by culturing HepG2 cells in a medium that contained a long chain fat emulsion. Those cells were treated with CHLZT that contained serum from rats. After treatment, the levels of adenylate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α (AMPKα), p-AMPKα, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) α (ACCα), pACCα, PPARγ, and SREBP-2 were detected. The AMPK agonist, acadesine (AICAR), was used as a positive control compound. Our results showed that CHLZT or AICAR significantly decreased the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, AST, ALT, and insulin in NAFLD rats, and significantly increased their serum HDL-C levels. Treatments with CHLZT or AICAR significantly decreased the numbers of lipid droplets in NAFLD liver tissues and HepG2 cells. CHLZT and AICAR increased the levels of p-AMPKα and PPARγ in the NAFLD liver tissues and HepG2 cells, but decreased the levels of ACC-α, p-ACC-α, SREBP-2, and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). CHLZT protects against NAFLD by activating AMPKα, and also by inhibiting ACC activity, down-regulating SREBP2 and HMGR, and up-regulating PPAR-γ. Our results suggest that CHLZT might be useful for treating NAFLD in the clinic.
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Videnović M, Mojsin M, Stevanović M, Opsenica I, Srdić-Rajić T, Šolaja B. Benzothiazole carbamates and amides as antiproliferative species. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1096-1114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Cui R, Li R, Guo X, Jia X, Yan M. RNA interference against stromal interacting molecule-1 (STIM1) ameliorates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:47-56. [PMID: 29704510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have demonstrated that stromal interacting molecule-1 (STIM1) was involved in ethanol induced liver injury. However, the exact pathogenic mechanism of STIM1 in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is still unknown. We constructed plasmid vectors encoding short-hairpin RNA against STIM1 to investigate its role in ALD in the rat liver cell line BRL and in Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed that STIM1 targeted sh-RNA (Sh-STIM1) significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced BRL cells injury and liver injury in rats with 20 weeks-induced alcoholic liver disease. Inhibition of STIM1 also reduced intracellular calcium ion concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, NF-kappa B activation and TNF-α production under ethanol exposure. STIM1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Silencing STIM1 may be effective in preventing alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Cui
- Department of Geriatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Geriatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Geriatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Jia
- Department of Geriatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Geriatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China.
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17
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Fructose 1, 6-diphosphate prevents alcohol-induced liver injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting alcohol metabolism in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:274-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Srdic-Rajic T, Santibañez JF, Kanjer K, Tisma-Miletic N, Cavic M, Galun D, Jevric M, Kardum N, Konic-Ristic A, Zoranovic T. Iscador Qu inhibits doxorubicin-induced senescence of MCF7 cells. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630419 PMCID: PMC5476621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy in patients with inoperable or advanced breast cancer inevitably results in low-dose exposure of tumor-cell subset and senescence. Metabolically active senescent cells secrete multiple tumor promoting factors making their elimination a therapeutic priority. Viscum album is one of the most widely used alternative anti-cancer medicines facilitating chemotherapy tolerance of breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to model and investigate how Viscum album extracts execute additive anti-tumor activity with low-dose Dox using ER + MCF7 breast cancer cells. We report that cotreatment of MCF7 with Viscum album and Dox abrogates G2/M cycle arrest replacing senescence with intrinsic apoptotic program. Mechanistically, this switch was associated with down-regulation of p21, p53/p73 as well as Erk1/2 and p38 activation. Our findings, therefore, identify a novel mechanistic axis of additive antitumor activity of Viscum album and low dose-Dox. In conclusion, ER + breast cancer patients may benefit from addition of Viscum album to low-dose Dox chemotherapy due to suppression of cancer cell senescence and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Srdic-Rajic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibañez
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Laboratorio de Bionanotecnologia, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, General Gana 1780, 8370854, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ksenija Kanjer
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tisma-Miletic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniel Galun
- University Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Jevric
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum
- Institute for Medical Research, Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Konic-Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Zoranovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Max Plank Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin Area, Germany.
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19
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Behavior of Oxidative Stress Markers in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9370565. [PMID: 28074118 PMCID: PMC5198187 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9370565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is the most socially accepted addictive substance worldwide, and its metabolism is related with oxidative stress generation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC). This study included 187 patients divided into two groups: ALC, classified according to Child-Pugh score, and a control group. We determined the levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio by an enzymatic method in blood. Also, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were estimated in serum. MDA levels increased in proportion to the severity of damage, whereas the GSH and GSSG levels decreased and increased, respectively, at different stages of cirrhosis. There were no differences in the GSH/GSSG ratio and carbonylated protein content between groups. We also evaluated whether the active consumption of or abstinence from alcoholic beverages affected the behavior of these oxidative markers and only found differences in the MDA, GSH, and GSSG determination and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Our results suggest that alcoholic cirrhotic subjects have an increase in oxidative stress in the early stages of disease severity and that abstinence from alcohol consumption favors the major antioxidant endogen: GSH in patients with advanced disease severity.
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20
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Li Y, Ding WX. A Gene Transcription Program Decides the Differential Regulation of Autophagy by Acute Versus Chronic Ethanol? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:47-9. [PMID: 26727521 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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21
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Chang YC, Liu FP, Ma X, Li MM, Li R, Li CW, Shi CX, He JS, Li Z, Lin YX, Zhao CW, Han Q, Zhao YL, Wang DN, Liu JL. Glutathione S-transferase A1 – a sensitive marker of alcoholic injury on primary hepatocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:386-394. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116650013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The primary hepatocytes were extracted and purified from mice through improved Seglen two-step perfusion method. Ethanol-induced injury hepatocytes model in mice was used to investigate the importance of glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) in hepatocytes injury by comparison with other indicators, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase. The release of GSTA1 was demonstrated to be an earlier and more sensitive indicator of hepatocytes injury than other indicators. Significant increases in GSTA1 were detected at 2 h after ethanol exposure, while other indicators were undetected at this time. A markedly difference in other indicators were observed at 6 and 8 h. The release of GSTA1 was significantly increased at a concentration of 50 mmol/L ethanol, the lowest exposure concentration than that in other indicators. In contrast, other indicators release was not statistically significant until concentrations of 75 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L ethanol. These results suggest that GSTA1 can be detected at the early stage of low concentration ethanol exposure and that GSTA1 is more sensitive and reliable marker in ethanol-induced hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - F-P Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - X Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - M-M Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - R Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - C-W Li
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - C-X Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - J-S He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y-X Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - C-W Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Q Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y-L Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - D-N Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - J-L Liu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Ion Channels and Oxidative Stress as a Potential Link for the Diagnosis or Treatment of Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3928714. [PMID: 26881024 PMCID: PMC4736365 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3928714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from a disturbed balance between oxidation and antioxidant systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) may be either harmful or beneficial to the cells. Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that participate in a large variety of cellular functions and have been implicated in the development of a variety of diseases. A significant amount of the available drugs in the market targets ion channels. These proteins have sulfhydryl groups of cysteine and methionine residues in their structure that can be targeted by ROS and RNS altering channel function including gating and conducting properties, as well as the corresponding signaling pathways associated. The regulation of ion channels by ROS has been suggested to be associated with some pathological conditions including liver diseases. This review focuses on understanding the role and the potential association of ion channels and oxidative stress in liver diseases including fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, and cancer. The potential association between ion channels and oxidative stress conditions could be used to develop new treatments for major liver diseases.
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Srdic-Rajic T, Nikolic K, Cavic M, Djokic I, Gemovic B, Perovic V, Veljkovic N. Rilmenidine suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in human leukemic K562 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 81:172-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Srdic-Rajic T, Tisma-Miletic N, Cavic M, Kanjer K, Savikin K, Galun D, Konic-Ristic A, Zoranovic T. Sensitization of K562 Leukemia Cells to Doxorubicin by theViscum albumExtract. Phytother Res 2015; 30:485-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Srdic-Rajic
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Nevena Tisma-Miletic
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ksenija Kanjer
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Katarina Savikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research ‘Dr Josif Pančić’; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Danijel Galun
- University Clinic for Digestive Surgery; Clinical center Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
- Belgrade University Medical School; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Konic-Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism; Belgrade University; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Tamara Zoranovic
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
- Max Plank Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
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Cui R, Yan L, Luo Z, Guo X, Yan M. Blockade of store-operated calcium entry alleviates ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity via inhibiting apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:52-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Zhang P, Qiang X, Zhang M, Ma D, Zhao Z, Zhou C, Liu X, Li R, Chen H, Zhang Y. Demethyleneberberine, a natural mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, inhibits mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and steatosis in alcoholic liver disease mouse model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:139-47. [PMID: 25362106 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.219832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption induces oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in the liver. Mitochondria have long been recognized as the key target for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Recently, the artificial mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ has been used to treat ALD effectively in mice. Here, we introduce the natural mitochondria-targeted antioxidant demethyleneberberine (DMB), which has been found in Chinese herb Cortex Phellodendri chinensis. The protective effect of DMB on ALD was evaluated with HepG2 cells and acutely/chronically ethanol-fed mice, mimicking two common patterns of drinking in human. The results showed that DMB, which is composed of a potential antioxidant structure, could penetrate the membrane of mitochondria and accumulate in mitochondria either in vitro or in vivo. Consequently, the acute drinking-caused oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were significantly ameliorated by DMB. Moreover, we also found that DMB suppressed CYP2E1, hypoxia inducible factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which contributed to oxidative stress and restored sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α pathway-associated fatty acid oxidation in chronic ethanol-fed mice, which in turn ameliorated lipid peroxidation and macrosteatosis in the liver. Taking these findings together, DMB could serve as a novel and potential therapy for ALD in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongshen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuisong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Xie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; and Institute of Toxicology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
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27
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Ozalp FO, Canbek M, Yamac M, Kanbak G, Van Griensven LJLD, Uyanoglu M, Senturk H, Kartkaya K, Oglakci A. Consumption of Coprinus comatus polysaccharide extract causes recovery of alcoholic liver damage in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:994-1002. [PMID: 24597653 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.874536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Excess use of alcohol is known to be associated with liver diseases such as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Various practices may be applied to prevent or treat the damage caused by chronic alcoholism. Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. (Agaricaceae) is a macrofungus that has been reported to aid the recovery of murine livers damaged by benzopyrene. OBJECTIVE In this study, the possible therapeutic effects of three different doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) of C. comatus polysaccharide (PS) extract were studied in rats subjected to an alcoholic diet. The histological and biochemical results were compared between the control and experimental groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Modified Lieber-Decarli's calorie-adjusted liquid alcohol diet was given orally for 60 d. In addition to histopathology, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), mitochondrial membrane integrity, total cytochrome-c oxidase activity (TotalStCox), total mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase activity (TotalMtStCox), and caspase-3 values were used as liver parameters, and liver sections from all experimental groups were examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS Using histopathological assessment, it was observed that there was a decline in liver hepatocyte vacuolization in the treatment group fed 50 mg PS/kg. The TotalStCox and TotalMtStCox values of this group differed from the EtOH control group (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Daily administration of 50 mg/kg of C. comatus PS extract considerably reduced the negative effects of alcohol on liver structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ozgul Ozalp
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Eskisehir Osmangazi University , Eskisehir , Turkey
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Uyanoglu M, Canbek M, van Griensven LJLD, Yamac M, Senturk H, Kartkaya K, Oglakcı A, Turgak O, Kanbak G. Effects of polysaccharide from fruiting bodies ofAgaricus bisporus, Agaricus brasiliensis, andPhellinus linteuson alcoholic liver injury. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:482-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.869796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang JQ, Zhang L, Tao XG, Wei L, Liu B, Huang LL, Chen YG. Tetramethylpyrazine upregulates the aquaporin 8 expression of hepatocellular mitochondria in septic rats. J Surg Res 2013; 185:286-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Guo CJ, Pan Q, Xiong H, Qiao YQ, Bian ZL, Zhong W, Sheng L, Li H, Shen L, Hua J, Ma X, Fang JY. Dynamic expression of miR-126∗and its effects on proliferation and contraction of hepatic stellate cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3792-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Eid N, Ito Y, Maemura K, Otsuki Y. Elevated autophagic sequestration of mitochondria and lipid droplets in steatotic hepatocytes of chronic ethanol-treated rats: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:311-26. [PMID: 23371376 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis may induce the progression of alcoholic liver disease. The involvement of autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) and lipid droplets (LDs) (lipophagy) in chronic ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis is not clearly understood. Adult Wistar rats were fed either 5 % ethanol in Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet or an isocaloric control diet for 10 weeks. Light microscopy showed marked steatosis in hepatocytes of ethanol-treated rats (ETRs), which was further revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where significant numbers of large LDs and damaged mitochondria were detected in steatotic hepatocytes. Moreover, TEM demonstrated that hepatocyte steatosis was associated with greatly enhanced autophagic vacuole (AV) formation compared to control hepatocytes. Mitochondria and LDs were the predominant contents of AVs in steatotic hepatocytes. Immunohistochemistry of LC3, a specific marker of early AVs (autophagosomes), demonstrated an extensive punctate pattern in hepatocytes of ETRs, while LC3 puncta were much less frequent in control hepatocytes. This was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM), which showed localization of LC3 to autophagosomes sequestering damaged mitochondria and LDs. In addition, IEM revealed that PINK1 (a sensor of mitochondrial damage and marker of mitophagy) was overexpressed in mitochondria of ETRs. Enhanced autophagic lysosomal activity was evidenced by increased immunolabeling of LAMP-2, a marker of late AVs (autolysosomes) in hepatocytes of ETRs and colocalization of LC3 and lysosomal cathepsins using double immunofluorescence labeling. Increased AVs in hepatocytes of ETRs reflect ethanol toxicity and could represent a possible protective mechanism via stimulation of mitophagy and lipophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan
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Inhibition of store-operated Ca2+ channels prevent ethanol-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase and cell injury in a human hepatoma cell line. Toxicol Lett 2012; 208:254-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Betaine treatment attenuates chronic ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and alterations to the mitochondrial respiratory chain proteome. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012:962183. [PMID: 22187660 PMCID: PMC3235488 DOI: 10.1155/2012/962183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Mitochondrial damage and disruption in oxidative phosphorylation contributes to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that the hepatoprotective actions of betaine against alcoholic liver injury occur at the level of the mitochondrial proteome. Methods. Male Wister rats were pair-fed control or ethanol-containing liquid diets supplemented with or without betaine (10 mg/mL) for 4-5 wks. Liver was examined for triglyceride accumulation, levels of methionine cycle metabolites, and alterations in mitochondrial proteins. Results. Chronic ethanol ingestion resulted in triglyceride accumulation which was attenuated in the ethanol plus betaine group. Blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) revealed significant decreases in the content of the intact oxidative phosphorylation complexes in mitochondria from ethanol-fed animals. The alcohol-dependent loss in many of the low molecular weight oxidative phosphorylation proteins was prevented by betaine supplementation. This protection by betaine was associated with normalization of SAM : S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratios and the attenuation of the ethanol-induced increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide generation in the liver. Discussion/Conclusion. In summary, betaine attenuates alcoholic steatosis and alterations to the oxidative phosphorylation system. Therefore, preservation of mitochondrial function may be another key molecular mechanism responsible for betaine hepatoprotection.
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Király R, Demény M, Fésüs L. Protein transamidation by transglutaminase 2 in cells: a disputed Ca2+-dependent action of a multifunctional protein. FEBS J 2011; 278:4717-39. [PMID: 21902809 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is the first described cellular member of an enzyme family catalyzing Ca(2+)-dependent transamidation of proteins. During the last two decades its additional enzymatic (GTP binding and hydrolysis, protein disulfide isomerase, protein kinase) and non-enzymatic (multiple interactions in protein scaffolds) activities, which do not require Ca(2+) , have been recognized. It became a prevailing view that TG2 is silent as a transamidase, except in extreme stress conditions, in the intracellular environment characterized by low Ca(2+) and high GTP concentrations. To counter this presumption a critical review of the experimental evidence supporting the role of this enzymatic activity in cellular processes is provided. It includes the structural basis of TG2 regulation through non-canonical Ca(2+) binding sites, mechanisms making it sensitive to low Ca(2+) concentrations, techniques developed for the detection of protein transamidation in cells and examples of basic cellular phenomena as well as pathological conditions influenced by this irreversible post-translational protein modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Király
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Apoptosis and Genomics Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Li G, Ye Y, Kang J, Yao X, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Gao M, Dai Y, Xin Y, Wang Q, Yin Z, Luo L. l-Theanine prevents alcoholic liver injury through enhancing the antioxidant capability of hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:363-72. [PMID: 22019691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
l-Theanine is a unique amino acid in green tea. We here evaluated the protective effects of l-theanine on ethanol-induced liver injury in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that l-theanine significantly protected hepatocytes against ethanol-induced cell cytotoxicity which displayed by decrease of viability and increase of LDH and AST. Furthermore, the experiments of DAPI staining, pro-caspase3 level and PARP cleavage determination indicated that l-theanine inhibited ethanol-induced L02 cell apoptosis. Mechanically, l-theanine inhibited loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and prevented cytochrome c release from mitochondria in ethanol-treated L02 cells. l-Theanine also prevented ethanol-triggered ROS and MDA generation in L02 cells. l-Theanine restored the antioxidant capability of hepatocytes including GSH content and SOD activity which were reduced by ethanol. In vivo experiments showed that l-theanine significantly inhibited ethanol-stimulated the increase of ALT, AST, TG and MDA in mice. Histopathological examination demonstrated that l-theanine pretreated to mice apparently diminished ethanol-induced fat droplets. In accordance with the in vitro study, l-theanine significantly inhibited ethanol-induced reduction of mouse antioxidant capability which included the activities of SOD, CAT and GR, and level of GSH. These results indicated that l-theanine prevented ethanol-induced liver injury through enhancing hepatocyte antioxidant abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
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Non-substituted N-heteroaromatic selenosemicarbazone metal complexes induce apoptosis in cancer cells via activation of mitochondrial pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3734-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Martinez M, De Oliveira SA, Pinheiro PFF, Almeida-Francia C, Pereira S, Martins OA, Mello-Júnior W, Mendes LO, Chuffa LGA, Tirapelli LF, Fávaro WJ, Cagnon VHA, Martinez FE. IGFR-I expression and structural analysis of the hard palatine mucosa in an ethanol-drinking rat strain (UChA and UChB). Tissue Cell 2011; 43:101-7. [PMID: 21324499 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The study analyzed the effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the ultrastructure of the lining epithelium of the hard palatine mucosa of rats UChA and UChB (lines with voluntary alcohol consumption) in order to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of alcohol abuse for the morphology of the digestive system. Thirty female adult animals aged 120 days were divided into three experimental groups. (1) Ten UChA rats (genetically low ethanol consumer) with voluntary intake of 10% v/v (5.45 g/kg/day) ethanol solution and water. (2) Ten UChB (genetically high ethanol consumer) rats with voluntary intake of 10% v/v (7.16 g/kg/day) ethanol solution and water. (3) Ten Wistar rats with voluntary ad libitum water intake (control group). Both groups received Nuvital pellets ad libitum. The IGFR-I expression was intense in both experimental groups. The epithelial cells of the alcoholic rats UChA and UChB showed many alterations such as the presence of lipid droplets, altered nuclei, nuclei in corneum layer and disrupted mitochondria. It was concluded that ethanol intake induces ultrastructural lesions in the hard palatine mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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King AL, Swain TM, Dickinson DA, Lesort MJ, Bailey SM. Chronic ethanol consumption enhances sensitivity to Ca(2+)-mediated opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and increases cyclophilin D in liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G954-66. [PMID: 20651005 PMCID: PMC2957342 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00246.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption increases mitochondrial oxidative stress and sensitivity to form the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The mechanism responsible for increased MPTP sensitivity in ethanol-exposed mitochondria and its relation to mitochondrial Ca(2+) handling is unknown. Herein, we investigated whether increased sensitivity to MPTP induction in liver mitochondria from ethanol-fed rats compared with controls is related to an ethanol-dependent change in mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation. Liver mitochondria were isolated from control and ethanol-fed rats, and Ca(2+)-mediated induction of the MPTP and mitochondrial Ca(2+) retention capacity were measured. Levels of proposed MPTP proteins as well as select pro- and antiapoptotic proteins were measured along with gene expression. We observed increased steatosis and TUNEL-stained nuclei in liver of ethanol-fed rats compared with controls. Liver mitochondria from ethanol-fed rats had increased levels of proapoptotic Bax protein and reduced Ca(2+) retention capacity compared with control mitochondria. We observed increased cyclophilin D (Cyp D) gene expression in liver and protein in mitochondria from ethanol-fed animals compared with controls, whereas there was no change in the adenine nucleotide translocase and voltage-dependent anion channel. Together, these results suggest that enhanced sensitivity to Ca(2+)-mediated MPTP induction may be due, in part, to higher Cyp D levels in liver mitochondria from ethanol-fed rats. Therefore, therapeutic strategies aimed at normalizing Cyp D levels may be beneficial in preventing ethanol-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne L King
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Free Radical Biology, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Grattagliano I, Lauterburg BH, Palasciano G, Portincasa P. 13C-breath tests for clinical investigation of liver mitochondrial function. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:843-50. [PMID: 20597965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play a major role in cell energetic metabolism; therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction inevitably participates in or even determines the onset and progression of chronic liver diseases. The assessment of mitochondrial function in vivo, by providing more insight into the pathogenesis of liver diseases, would be a helpful tool to study specific hepatic functions and to develop rational diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. DESIGN This review focuses on the utility of breath tests to assess mitochondrial function in humans and experimental animals. RESULTS The introduction in the clinical setting of specific breath tests may allow elegantly and noninvasively overcoming the difficulties caused by previous complex techniques and might provide clinically relevant information, i.e the effects of drugs on mitochondria. Substrates meeting this requirement are alpha-keto-isocaproic acid and methionine that are both decarboxylated by mitochondria. Long-and medium-chain fatty acids that are metabolized through the Krebs cycle, and benzoic acid which undergoes glycine conjugation, may also reflect the function of mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Breath tests to assess in vivo mitochondrial function in humans represent a potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Grattagliano
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Xiong Y, Yang Y, Yang J, Chai H, Li Y, Yang J, Jia Z, Wang Z. Tectoridin, an isoflavone glycoside from the flower of Pueraria lobata, prevents acute ethanol-induced liver steatosis in mice. Toxicology 2010; 276:64-72. [PMID: 20637825 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, the flower of Pueraria lobata (Puerariae Flos) has been used in therapy to counteract the problems associated with alcohol drinking and liver injury. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects and its mechanisms of tectoridin, an isoflavone glycoside from the flower of P. lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Ethanol (5g/kg) was given orally every 12h for a total of three doses. 1h after the last dose of ethanol, tectoridin (25, 50 and 100mg/kg) was given intragastrically five times in three consecutive days. The mice were sacrificed at 4h after tectoridin treatment. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and their target genes were evaluated by biochemical analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Mitochondria were isolated for the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) assay. Acute ethanol exposure resulted in the significant increase of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride (TG) levels and hepatic mitochondria dysfunction shown as the increase of MPT and the decrease of DeltaPsi(m). However, tectoridin treatment dramatically attenuated these effects. In addition, tectoridin remarkably alleviated the over-production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance. Furthermore, tectoridin inhibited the decrease of PPARalpha expression and its target genes, including medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and cytochrome P450 4A (CYP 4A) at mRNA and enzyme activity levels. These data showed that tectoridin protected against ethanol-induced liver steatosis mainly through modulating the disturbance of PPARalpha pathway and ameliorating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiong
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
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Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Varadacharyulu N. Emblica officinalisProtects Against Alcohol-Induced Liver Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats. J Med Food 2009; 12:327-33. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
| | - P. Padmavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India
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Jung ME, Wilson AM, Ju X, Wen Y, Metzger DB, Simpkins JW. Ethanol withdrawal provokes opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in an estrogen-preventable manner. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 328:692-8. [PMID: 19050172 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.146829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that the major endogenous estrogen, 17beta-estradiol (E2), protects against oxidative injury during ethanol withdrawal (EW) in a cultured hippocampal cell line (HT22). Here, we investigated whether the pro-oxidant nature of EW mediates opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (PTP) in a manner protected by E2. Excess PTP opening provokes mitochondrial membrane swelling (MMS) and the collapse of membrane potential (DeltaPsim). HT22 cells were collected at the end of ethanol exposure (100 mM) for 24 h or at 4 h of EW to assess MMS by monitoring absorbance decline at 540 nm and to assess DeltaPsim using flow cytometry. Protective effects of E2 on PTP were compared with an antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and an E2 analog, ZYC26 [(3-hydroxy-2-adamantyl(1)-4-methyl-estra-1,3,5(10)-17-one], with higher antioxidant potency than E2. To assess cellular consequences of PTP opening, effects of a PTP inhibitor (cyclosporin A) on EW-induced cell death were assessed using the calcein assay. Major findings were that: 1) EW resulted in rapid MMS and DeltaPsim collapse; 2) cyclosporin A attenuated EW-induced cell death; and 3) E2 treatment restricted to the EW phase protected against the PTP opening more prominently than BHT and to a similar degree to ZYC26. These findings suggest that EW provokes PTP opening partly but not entirely through the pro-oxidant nature and that E2 counteracts EW-associated factors to protect against the PTP opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna E Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To update the reader with advances in epidemiology, genetics, detection, pathogenesis and therapy of alcohol-related liver disease. RECENT FINDINGS Ill-health due to alcohol abuse is improving in some nations but deteriorating in others. Oxidative and nitrosative stress are key to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, and there is now greater emphasis than previously on their development and role of cytochrome P450 2E1, on mitochondrial stress and disruption, (including elucidation of mitochondrial protection mechanisms) disturbance of signaling pathways and involvement of extrahepatic mediators like adiponectin. Treatment of alcoholic liver disease has stagnated, but transplantation is still favored and debated for end-stage cirrhosis. SUMMARY Basic and clinical research into the mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease is making headway, but has yet to produce safe and effective therapies for alcoholic hepatitis and for reversing cirrhosis.
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Abstract
We report herein 6 cases of sudden cardiac arrest in alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA). All cases displayed evidence of prolonged excessive alcohol consumption and elevated beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels and exhibited pulseless electrical activity (PEA) upon collapse. Severe metabolic acidosis was also seen in all cases. Some cases also displayed concomitant respiratory acidosis, hypothermia, hypoxia and/or hemorrhage. No evidence of myocardial infarction, tamponade or right heart strain, which would suggest pulmonary embolism, was found on cardiac ultrasonography. As PEA in AKA is induced by severe metabolic acidosis, aggressive correction of acidosis may represent a useful therapeutic strategy for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Yanagawa
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
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Dykens JA, Will Y. The significance of mitochondrial toxicity testing in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:777-85. [PMID: 17826691 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly implicated in the etiology of drug-induced toxicities. Members of diverse drug classes undermine mitochondrial function, and among the most potent are drugs that have been withdrawn from the market, or have received Black Box warnings from the FDA. To avoid mitochondrial liabilities, routine screens need to be positioned within the drug-development process. Assays for mitochondrial function, cell models that better report mitochondrial impairment, and new animal models that more faithfully reflect clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction are discussed in the context of how such data can reduce late stage attrition of drug candidates and can yield safer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Dykens
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
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