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Chaleshtori ZA, Rastegari AA, Nayeri H, Doosti A. Chitosan-LeoA-DNA Nanoparticles Promoted the Efficacy of Novel LeoA-DNA Vaccination on Mice Against Helicobacter pylori. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:125. [PMID: 38558085 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
More than half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which may lead to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. LeoA, a conserved antigen of H. pylori, aids in preventing this infection by triggering specific CD3+ T-cell responses. In this study, recombinant plasmids containing the LeoA gene of H. pylori are created and conjugated with chitosan nanoparticle (CSNP) to immunize BALB/c mice against the H. pylori infection. We used the online Vaxign tool to analyze the genomes of five distinct strains of H. pylori, and we chose the outer membrane as a prospective vaccine candidate. Afterward, the proteins' immunogenicity was evaluated. The DNA vaccine was constructed and then encapsulated in CSNPs. The effectiveness of the vaccine's immunoprotective effects was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Purified activated splenic CD3+ T cells are used to test the anticancer effects in vitro. Nanovaccines had apparent spherical forms, were small (mean size, 150-250 nm), and positively charged (41.3 ± 3.11 mV). A consistently delayed release pattern and an entrapment efficiency (73.35 ± 3.48%) could be established. Compared to the non-encapsulated DNA vaccine, vaccinated BALB/c mice produced higher amounts of LeoA-specific IgG in plasma and TNF-α in splenocyte lysate. Moreover, BALB/c mice inoculated with nanovaccine demonstrated considerable immunity (87.5%) against the H. pylori challenge and reduced stomach injury and bacterial burdens in the stomach. The immunological state in individuals with GC with chronic infection with H. pylori is mimicked by the H. pylori DNA nanovaccines by inducing a shift from Th1 to Th2 in the response. In vitro human GC cell development is inhibited by activated CD3+ T lymphocytes. According to our findings, the H. pylori vaccine-activated CD3+ has potential immunotherapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Asghar Rastegari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hashem Nayeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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2
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Colakogullari M, Karatas L, Tatar Z. Investigating associations between HLA DQA1 ~ DQB1 haplotypes, H. pylori infection, metaplasia, and anti-CagA IgA seropositivity in a Turkish gastritis cohort. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:1-13. [PMID: 37979046 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-023-01325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori was reported as an important cause of gastritis, and gastric ulcers and CagA oncoprotein-producing H. pylori subgroups were blamed to increase the severity of gastritis. Disparities were reported in that the presence of serum anti-CagA IgA was not parallel with CagA-positive H. pylori cohabitation. We hypothesized that the HLA-DQA1 ~ DQB1 haplotypes in human populations include protective haplotypes that more effectively present immunogenic CagA peptides and susceptible haplotypes with an impaired capacity to present CagA peptides. We recruited patients (n = 201) admitted for gastroendoscopy procedures and performed high-resolution HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 typing. Serum anti-CagA IgA levels were analyzed by ELISA (23.0% positive), and H. pylori was classified as positive or negative in gastric mucosal tissue slides (72.6% positive). The HLA DQA1*05:05 allele (29.1%) and HLA DQB1*03:01 allele (32.8%) were found at the highest frequency among gastritis patients of Turkish descent. In HLA DQA1*05:05 ~ DQB1*03:01 double homozygous (7.3%) and heterozygous (40.7%) haplotype carriers, the presence of anti-CagA IgA decreased dramatically, the presence of H. pylori increased, and the presence of metaplasia followed a decreasing trend. The DQ protein encoded by HLA DQA1*05:05-DQ*03:01 showed a low binding affinity to the CagA peptide when binding capacity was analyzed by the NetMHCIIPan 4.0 prediction method. In conclusion, HLA DQA1 ~ DQB1 polymorphisms are crucial as host defense mechanisms against CagA H. pylori since antigen binding capacity plays a crucial role in anti-CagA IgA production.
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Afkhamipour M, Kaviani F, Dalali S, Piri-Gharaghie T, Doosti A. Potential Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy: Stimulating the Immune System with Helicobacter pylori pIRES2-DsRed-Express- ureF DNA Vaccines. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0004. [PMID: 38346161 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Most gastric cancers (GC) are thought to be caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. However, there is mounting evidence that GC patients with positive H. pylori status have improved prognoses. The H. pylori-induced cellular immune reaction may inhibit cancer. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized using recombinant plasmids that encode the ureF gene of H. pylori. Purified functional splenic CD3+ T lymphocytes are used to study the anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. The immunological state of GC patients with ongoing H. pylori infection is mimicked by the H. pylori DNA vaccines, which cause a change in the reaction from Th1 to Th2. Human GC cells grow more slowly when stimulated CD3+ T lymphocytes are used as adoptive infusions because they reduce GC xenograft development in vivo. The more excellent ratios of infiltrating CD8+/CD4+ T cells, the decreased invasion of regulatory FOXP3+ Treg lymphocytes, and the increased apoptosis brought on by Caspase9/Caspase-3 overexpression and Survivin downregulation may all contribute to the consequences. Our findings suggest that in people with advanced GC, H. pylori pIRES2-DsRed-Express-ureF DNA vaccines may have immunotherapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Afkhamipour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kaviani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samaneh Dalali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tohid Piri-Gharaghie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Rezaei F, Alebouyeh M, Mirbagheri SZ, Ebrahimi A, Foroushani AR, Bakhtiari R. Transcriptional analysis of Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic-associated gene-pathogenicity island in response to different pH levels and proton pump inhibitor exposure. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:686-693. [PMID: 37665542 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can increase the risk of gastric cancer in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients; nevertheless, there is no data about their impact on the pathogenicity of H. pylori. This study aimed at investigating the transcriptional alteration of key gene mediators of cytotoxin-associated gene-pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) among clinical H. pylori isolates in response to omeprazole at different pH levels. METHODS Accordingly, H. pylori isolates with the same virulence genotypes selected from the gastric biopsies of patients and transcriptional alteration in the cag-PAI genes studied in the presence or absence of omeprazole (2 mg/mL) at pH 2.0, 4.0 and 7.0 after 30 and 90 minutes of the treatment. Relative changes in the transcriptional levels were recorded in each assay, separately. RESULTS Of 18 H. pylori isolates, the cag-PAI empty site was detected in four strains, while the presence of cagA, cagL and cagY was characterized in 77.7%, 83.3% and 83.3% of the cag-PAI-positive strains, respectively. Transcriptional analysis of the selected strains showed up-regulation of cagA and cagL, mainly at pH 2.0 and 4.0 after 30 and 90-minute exposure. A diversity in the expression levels of cag-PAI genes was seen among the strains at the extent and time of induction. CONCLUSION Our results showed that omeprazole could increase the expression of H. pylori cagA and cagL at acidic pH. Heterogeneity among the strains probably has an impact on the extent of their interplay with PPIs. Further studies are needed to establish this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ebrahimi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Bakhtiari
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Reyes VE. Helicobacter pylori and Its Role in Gastric Cancer. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1312. [PMID: 37317287 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a challenging public health concern worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The primary risk factor implicated in gastric cancer development is infection with Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori induces chronic inflammation affecting the gastric epithelium, which can lead to DNA damage and the promotion of precancerous lesions. Disease manifestations associated with H. pylori are attributed to virulence factors with multiple activities, and its capacity to subvert host immunity. One of the most significant H. pylori virulence determinants is the cagPAI gene cluster, which encodes a type IV secretion system and the CagA toxin. This secretion system allows H. pylori to inject the CagA oncoprotein into host cells, causing multiple cellular perturbations. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection, only a small percentage of affected individuals develop significant clinical outcomes, while most remain asymptomatic. Therefore, understanding how H. pylori triggers carcinogenesis and its immune evasion mechanisms is critical in preventing gastric cancer and mitigating the burden of this life-threatening disease. This review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of H. pylori infection, its association with gastric cancer and other gastric diseases, and how it subverts the host immune system to establish persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0372, USA
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Ahmed AAQ, Besio R, Xiao L, Forlino A. Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) as Biomedical Tools and Their Relevance as Immune-Modulating Agents against H. pylori Infections: Current Status and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108542. [PMID: 37239888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are lipid-membrane-bounded nanoparticles that are released from Gram-negative bacteria via vesiculation of the outer membrane. They have vital roles in different biological processes and recently, they have received increasing attention as possible candidates for a broad variety of biomedical applications. In particular, OMVs have several characteristics that enable them to be promising candidates for immune modulation against pathogens, such as their ability to induce the host immune responses given their resemblance to the parental bacterial cell. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common Gram-negative bacterium that infects half of the world's population and causes several gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastric lymphoma, and gastric carcinoma. The current H. pylori treatment/prevention regimens are poorly effective and have limited success. This review explores the current status and future prospects of OMVs in biomedicine with a special focus on their use as a potential candidate in immune modulation against H. pylori and its associated diseases. The emerging strategies that can be used to design OMVs as viable immunogenic candidates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Besio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Civelek Z, Urgancı N, Usta M, Özgüven MB. Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection in Pediatric Patients With Celiac Disease. CYPRUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/cjms.2021.2021-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sijmons D, Guy AJ, Walduck AK, Ramsland PA. Helicobacter pylori and the Role of Lipopolysaccharide Variation in Innate Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868225. [PMID: 35634347 PMCID: PMC9136243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen that infects half the human population and can lead to significant clinical outcomes such as acute and chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. To establish infection, H. pylori employs several mechanisms to overcome the innate and adaptive immune systems. H. pylori can modulate interleukin (IL) secretion and innate immune cell function by the action of several virulence factors such as VacA, CagA and the type IV secretion system. Additionally, H. pylori can modulate local dendritic cells (DC) negatively impacting the function of these cells, reducing the secretion of immune signaling molecules, and influencing the differentiation of CD4+ T helper cells causing a bias to Th1 type cells. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of H. pylori displays a high degree of phase variation and contains human blood group carbohydrate determinants such as the Lewis system antigens, which are proposed to be involved in molecular mimicry of the host. Lastly, the H. pylori group of outer membrane proteins such as BabA play an important role in attachment and interaction with host Lewis and other carbohydrate antigens. This review examines the various mechanisms that H. pylori utilises to evade the innate immune system as well as discussing how the structure of the H. pylori LPS plays a role in immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sijmons
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Guy
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ZiP Diagnostics, Collingwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna K. Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A. Ramsland
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul A. Ramsland,
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Garabatos N, Santamaria P. Gut Microbial Antigenic Mimicry in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873607. [PMID: 35572569 PMCID: PMC9094498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a major role in the developmental biology and homeostasis of cells belonging to the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Alterations in its composition, which are known to be regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, can either promote or suppress the pathogenic processes underlying the development of various autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, to just name a few. Cross-recognition of gut microbial antigens by autoreactive T cells as well as gut microbe-driven alterations in the activation and homeostasis of effector and regulatory T cells have been implicated in this process. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the positive and negative associations between alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and the development of various autoimmune disorders, with a special emphasis on antigenic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahir Garabatos
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC), Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Jang S, Hansen LM, Su H, Solnick JV, Cha JH. Host immune response mediates changes in cagA copy number and virulence potential of Helicobacter pylori. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2044721. [PMID: 35289715 PMCID: PMC8928821 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2044721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the major risk factor for gastric cancer. H. pylori harboring the type IV secretion system (T4SS) and its effector CagA encoded on the cag pathogenicity Island (cagPAI) increases the risk. H. pylori PMSS1 has a multi-cagA genotype, modulating cagA copy number dynamically from zero to four copies. To examine the effect of the immune response on cagA copy number change, we utilized a mouse model with different immune status. PMSS1 recovered from Rag1-/- mice, lacking functional T or B cells, retained more cagA copies. PMSS1 recovered from Il10-/- mice, showing intense inflammation, had fewer cagA copies compared to those recovered from wild-type mice. Moreover, cagA copy number of PMSS1 recovered from wild-type and Il10-/- mice was positively correlated with the capacity to induce IL-8 secretion at four weeks of infection. Since recombination in cagY influences T4SS function, including CagA translocation and IL-8 induction, we constructed a multiple linear regression model to predict H. pylori-induced IL-8 expression based on cagA copy number and cagY recombination status; H. pylori induces more IL-8 secretion when the strain has more cagA copies and intact cagY. This study shows that H. pylori PMSS1 in mice with less intense immune response possess higher cagA copy number than those infected in mice with more intense immune response and thus the multi-cagA genotype, along with cagY recombination, functions as an immune-sensitive regulator of H. pylori virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungil Jang
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lori M. Hansen
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine; University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hanfu Su
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jay V. Solnick
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine; University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeong-Heon Cha
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Frequency of virulence-associated genotypes of Helicobacter pylori and their correlation with clinical outcome and histological parameters in infected patients. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07610. [PMID: 34355101 PMCID: PMC8322292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative which can cause several gastroduodenal diseases, including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). H. pylori specific genotypes have been related to increased occurrence of gastritis and PUD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of the major virulence factors of H. pylori with clinical outcomes and histological parameters in Iranian patients. Totally, 200 subjects with PUD and gastritis disease who underwent gastroduodenal endoscopy were enrolled in this study. The presence of the cagA, vacA, oipA, babA2, and iceA genes in antral gastric biopsy specimens were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the results were compared with clinical outcomes and histological parameters. The frequency of babA2 + , oipA + , vacA s1/m2, and vacA m2 genes was significantly higher in patients with peptic ulcer disease compared with patients with gastritis. In contrast, the frequency of vacA s1/m1 gene was significantly higher in gastritis subjects than PUD subjects. The high-density scores of H. pylori were strongly associated with iceA1 ¯ , babA2 + , and oipA + genes. Additionally, the high polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and high mononuclear cell infiltration scores were strongly associated with the cagA + , iceA1 ¯ , oipA + genes and cagA + , babA2 + , oipA + genes, respectively. Our study indicated that the vacA, babA2, and oipA virulence factors are related to a higher risk of PUD in subjects with H. pylori-infection. Infection with these strains was associated with a more severe gastropathy.
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12
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Teng Y, Xie W, Tao X, Liu N, Yu Y, Huang Y, Xu D, Fan Y. Infection-provoked psoriasis: Induced or aggravated (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:567. [PMID: 33850539 PMCID: PMC8027725 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disorder, with a reported prevalence of 0.0-2.1% among children and 0.91-8.50% among adults, worldwide. Psoriasis is induced by several environmental factors, including infection, alcohol consumption, drugs, trauma, acute withdrawal of systemic or potent topical corticosteroids, body mass index and endocrine disorders. Increasing evidence suggest that a variety of microorganisms play key roles in the induction and exacerbation of psoriasis. Pathogens, such as streptococci and staphylococci are considered causal factors, presumably via superantigen activation of skin-seeking T cells. In addition, fungal pathogens, such as Candida and Malassezia, and viral agents, such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus infection and human papillomavirus, are also closely associated with psoriasis. Recently, several types of pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, Zika virus and scabies, have been reported to potentially trigger psoriasis. The present review discusses the underlying molecular mechanisms by which these infections influence psoriasis to provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Youming Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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13
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The Roles of IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 in the Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastrointestinal Inflammation: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050315. [PMID: 33924897 PMCID: PMC8147029 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although millions of people have been infected by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), only a small proportion of infected individuals will develop adverse outcomes, ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. Advanced development of the disease has been well-linked with chronic inflammation, which is significantly impacted by the adaptive and humoral immunity response. From the perspective of cellular immunity, this review aims to clarify the intricate axis between IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 in H. pylori-related diseases and the pathogenesis of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. CD4+ helper T (Th)-17 cells, with the hallmark pleiotropic cytokine IL-17, can affect antimicrobial activity and the pathogenic immune response in the gut environment. These circumstances cannot be separated, as the existence of affiliated cytokines, including IL-21 and IL-23, help maintain Th17 and accommodate humoral immune cells. Comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interaction between molecular host responses in H. pylori-related diseases and the inflammation process may facilitate further development of immune-based therapy.
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14
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Jing Y, Xu F, Liang W, Liu J, Zhang L. Role of regulatory B cells in gastric cancer: Latest evidence and therapeutics strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107581. [PMID: 33812259 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common cancer globally and kills about 700,000 people annually. Today's knowledge clearly shows a close and complicated relationship between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the immune system. The immune system components can both stimulate tumor growth and inhibit tumor cells. However, numerous of these mechanisms are not yet fully understood. As an essential immune cell in humoral immunity, B lymphocytes can play a dual role during various pathologic states, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer, depending on their phenotype and environmental signals. Inherently, B cells can inhibit tumor growth by producing antibodies as well as the presentation of tumor antigens. However, evidence suggests that a subset of these cells termed regulatory B cells (Bregs) with an inhibitory phenotype can suppress anti-tumor responses and support the tumor growth by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of inhibitory molecules. Therefore, in this review, the role of Bregs in the microenvironment of GC and treatment strategies based on targeting this subset of B cells have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Jing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Oriental Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Chen Y, Zhan X, Wang D. Association between Helicobacter pylori and risk of childhood asthma: a meta-analysis of 18 observational studies. J Asthma 2021; 59:890-900. [PMID: 33630702 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1892752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and childhood asthma is unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the association between H. pylori and childhood asthma.Methods: A literature search, study selection, and data extraction were performed independently and in duplicate. Data were analyzed using STATA software.Results: Eighteen studies enrolling 17,196 children were analyzed. All studies were of moderate-to-high quality. Four studies subcategorized H. pylori infection according to CagA status. Overall, there was a significant negative association between H. pylori and risk for childhood asthma (OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.87; P = 0.002), with no/marginal publication bias identified by the Egger's test and the Begg's test (P = 0.162 and P = 0.198, respectively). The observed inverse association persisted for CagA(+) strains of H. pylori (OR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96; P = 0.034) but not for CagA(-) strains (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.12-2.28; P = 0.387). There was no significant difference between studies with respect to study design, participant age, geographical region, and method of measuring H. pylori.Conclusion: The evidence suggests that H. pylori infection, particularly CagA(+) H. pylori infection, is inversely associated with the risk of childhood asthma. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at publisher's website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Peng Z, Hu Y, Ren J, Yu N, Li Z, Xu Z. Circulating Th22 cells, as well as Th17 cells, are elevated in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:99-108. [PMID: 33390778 PMCID: PMC7738959 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T-helper (Th) 22 cells serve an essential role in different types of tumors and autoimmune diseases. No research has been conducted to study the role of Th22 cells in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells in RCC patients. Thirty-two newly diagnosed RCC patients and thirty healthy controls were enlisted in the research. Their peripheral blood was collected, and the frequencies of circulating Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Plasma IL-22 concentrations were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify the mRNA expression levels of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and RAR-associated orphan receptor C (RORC) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Compared with the healthy control group, the frequency of circulating Th22 and Th17 cells and concentrations of plasma IL-22 were significantly increased in RCC patients. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of Th1 cells. A positive correlation between Th22 cells and plasma IL-22 levels was found in RCC patients. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between Th22 and Th17 cells in RCC patients. An up-regulated expression of AHR and RORC transcription factors were also observed in RCC patients. As tumor stage and grade progressed, the frequencies of Th22 and Th17 cells and the level of plasma IL-22 significantly increased. Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between Th22 and Th17 cells and RCC tumor stage or grade. Furthermore, patients with high Th22 or Th17 cells frequency displayed a decreased trend in survival rate. Our research indicated that the increased circulating Th22 and Th17 cells and plasma IL-22 may be involved in the pathogenesis of RCC and may be involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. Th22 cells, plasma IL-22, and Th17 cells may be promising new clinical biomarkers and may be used as cellular targets for RCC therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Peng
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Juchao Ren
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Nengwang Yu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zeyan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
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Algood HMS. T Cell Cytokines Impact Epithelial Cell Responses during Helicobacter pylori Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1421-1428. [PMID: 32152211 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this Brief Review is to highlight literature that demonstrates how cytokines made by T lymphocytes impact the gastric epithelium, especially during Helicobacter pylori infection. These cytokines effect many of the diverse functions of the epithelium and the epithelium's interactions with H. pylori The focal point of this Brief Review will be on how T cell cytokines impact antimicrobial function and barrier function and how T cell cytokines influence the development and progression of cancer. Furthermore, the modulation of epithelial-derived chemokines by H. pylori infection will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Scott Algood
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare Services, Nashville, TN 37212; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212; and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212
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18
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Marsilio I, Maddalo G, Ghisa M, Savarino EV, Farinati F, Zingone F. The coeliac stomach: A review of the literature. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:615-624. [PMID: 32295740 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the small intestine, coeliac disease (CeD) may affect other gastrointestinal tracts, including the stomach. However, various studies have reported conflicting results regarding the association between CeD and gastric manifestations. The aim of this study was to analyze the existing literature on gastric involvement in CeD. A literature search was conducted in bibliographic databases of Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies reporting the association between CeD and gastric disorders were examined in detail and are fully described in the review. Both in children and adults, a strong correlation between lymphocytic gastritis and CeD was found at CeD diagnosis, and lymphocytic gastritis seemed to improve on a gluten-free diet. Most of the literature described a lower risk of gastritis related to Helicobacter pylori infection in CeD subjects compared to controls. However, due to the discordance among studies in terms of study design and population, a clear association could not be determined. Finally, the relationship between CeD and reflux or dyspepsia has yet to be defined, as well as the association between CeD and autoimmune gastritis. CeD appears to be a multiform entity associated with different gastric disorders with a different degree of relationship. Thus, gastric biopsies should be routinely taken during upper endoscopy in CeD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marsilio
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Gemma Maddalo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Matteo Ghisa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy.
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19
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Helicobacter pylori Infection, Virulence Genes' Distribution and Accompanying Clinical Outcomes: The West Africa Situation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7312908. [PMID: 31886245 PMCID: PMC6925786 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7312908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Data on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and virulence factors in countries across West Africa are scattered. This systematic review seeks to present an update on the status of H. pylori infection focusing on prevalence rate, distribution of virulent genes, and their link to clinical outcomes across countries in the western part of Africa. This information is expected to broaden the knowledge base of clinicians and researchers regarding H. pylori infection and associated virulence factors in West African countries. Search Method. A comprehensive search of the scientific literature in PubMed and ScienceDirect was conducted using the search terms including “Helicobacter pylori infection in West Africa”. Databases were sourced from January 1988 to December 2018. Results. Data on the incidence of H. pylori infection and related pathological factors were found for some countries, whereas others had no information on it. Smoking, alcohol, exposure to high levels of carcinogens and diet were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases and gastric cancer. Besides the environmental factors and genetic characteristics, there are important characteristics of H. pylori such as the ability to infect, replicate, and persist in a host that have been associated with the pathogenesis of various gastroduodenal diseases. Concluding Remarks. This systematic search has provided information so far available on H. pylori virulence factors and clinical outcomes in West Africa. Accordingly, this piece has identified gaps in the body of knowledge highlighting the need for more studies to clarify the role of H. pylori virulence factors and associated clinical outcomes in the burden of this bacterial infection in West Africa, as data from these countries do not give the needed direct relation.
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the gastric epithelia of its human host. Everyone who is colonized with these pathogenic bacteria can develop gastric inflammation, termed gastritis. Additionally, a small proportion of colonized people develop more adverse outcomes, including gastric ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The development of these adverse outcomes is dependent on the establishment of a chronic inflammatory response. The development and control of this chronic inflammatory response are significantly impacted by CD4+ T helper cell activity. Noteworthy, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a proinflammatory subset of CD4+ T cells, produce several proinflammatory cytokines that activate innate immune cell antimicrobial activity, drive a pathogenic immune response, regulate B cell responses, and participate in wound healing. Therefore, this review was written to take an intricate look at the involvement of Th17 cells and their affiliated cytokines (interleukin-17A [IL-17A], IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-26) in regulating the immune response to H. pylori colonization and carcinogenesis.
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21
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S. The important role played by chemokines influence the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Life Sci 2019; 231:116688. [PMID: 31348950 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extended infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), one of the most frequent infectious agents in humans, may cause gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. During H. pylori infection, different kinds of inflammatory cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, T cells and B cells are accumulated into the stomach. The interactions between chemokines and their respective receptors recruit particular types of the leukocytes that ultimately determine the nature of immune response and therefore, have a main influence on the consequence of infection. The suitable production of chemokines especially in the early stages of H. pylori infection shapes appropriate immune responses that contribute to the H. pylori elimination. The unbalanced expression of the chemokines can contribute in the induction of inappropriate responses that result in the tissue damage or malignancy. Thus, chemokines and their receptors may be promising potential targets for designing the therapeutic strategies against various types H. pylori-related gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, a comprehensive explanation regarding the roles played by chemokines in H. pylori-mediated peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric malignancies was provided while presenting the potential utilization of these chemoattractants as therapeutic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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22
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He B, Pan B, Pan Y, Sun H, Xu T, Qin J, Xu X, Wang S. IL-4/IL-4R and IL-6/IL-6R genetic variations and gastric cancer risk in the Chinese population. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3698-3706. [PMID: 31312381 PMCID: PMC6614618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The IL-4/IL-4R and IL-6/IL-6R signaling pathways are involved in immune response and play roles in gastric carcinogenesis. To investigate the association between IL-4/IL-4R and IL-6/IL-6R genetic variations and gastric cancer risk, and their prognostic values, we performed a case-control study. The genotypes of the genetic variations were detected using a Mass-array platform. The Helicobacter pylori infection status was determined using a commercial H. pylori immunogold testing kit. We found that the IL-6 rs1800796 G allele was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (GG vs. CC: ORadjusted = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.33-3.63; GG/CG vs. CC: ORadjusted = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.09-1.82). The stratified analysis showed that rs1800796 G allele carriers (GG/CG) were associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in the following subgroups: age >64 years old (ORadjusted = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.17-2.39), female (ORadjusted = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.09-3.05), positive for H. pylori infection (ORadjusted = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.07-2.22), non-cardiac gastric cancer (ORadjusted = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15-2.04), stage T3-T4 tumor (ORadjusted = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.06-1.88), and gastric cancer with median to high differentiation (ORadjusted = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.08-1.96). None of the genetic variations were associated with overall survival. In short, we concluded that the IL-6 rs1800796 GG genotype is a risk factor for gastric cancer and that rs1800796 G allele carriers have an increased risk of gastric cancer; this association was stronger in individuals that were >64 years old, female, or positive for H. pylori infection. None of the genetic variations were associated with gastric cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangshun He
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Key Laboratory, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Bei Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yuqin Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Key Laboratory, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Key Laboratory, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jian Qin
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xueni Xu
- Medical College, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Key Laboratory, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
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Recent advances in the study of regulatory T cells in gastric cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:560-567. [PMID: 31181438 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), which features a complex pathogenesis and mechanism, remains refractory. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which have been implicated in the progression of gastric cancer, play an immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment. However, the prognostic value of Treg infiltration is still controversial in GC patients. Recently, the association of Tregs with the clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients, the prognostic value of Tregs alone or its combination with other factors to GC patients, the role of Tregs in GC tumor microenvironment, clinical applications and Tregs-targeted therapies for GC patients have become hot issues. In this review, we are going to discuss these scientific researches which focused on these topics.
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Xue LJ, Mao XB, Liu XB, Gao H, Chen YN, Dai TT, Shao SW, Chen HM, Chu XY. Activation of CD3 + T cells by Helicobacter pylori DNA vaccines in potential immunotherapy of gastric carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:866-876. [PMID: 30786815 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1579957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of gastric carcinoma (GC) is attributed to infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) but there is increasing evidence that the positive H. pylori status correlates with better prognosis in GC. The H. pylori-induced cellular immune response may suppress cancer and in this work, recombinant pcDNA3 plasmids encoding various fragments of H. pylori virulence genes of cagA, vacA and babA are constructed and combined into groups to immunize BALB/c mice. The activated splenic CD3+ T cells are purified and the anticancer effects are investigated in vitro and in vivo. The H. pylori DNA vaccines induce a shift in the response from Th1 to Th2 that mimicks the immune status in patients of GC with chronic H. pylori infection. The stimulated CD3+ T cells inhibit the growth of human GC cells in vitro and adoptive transfusions of the CD3+ T cells suppress the growth of GC xenograft in vivo. The effects may be caused by the larger ratios of infiltrated CD8+/CD4+ T cells, reduced infiltration of regulatory FOXP3+ T cells, and enhanced apoptosis induced by upregulation of Caspase-9/Caspase-3 and downregulation of Survivin. Our results reveal the potential immunotherapeutic value of H. pylori vaccine-activated CD3+ T cells in those with advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Xue
- a Department of Oncology , Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Clinical School of Medicine , Nanjing , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Xiao-Bei Mao
- a Department of Oncology , Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Clinical School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiao-Bei Liu
- a Department of Oncology , Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Clinical School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Han Gao
- c Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences , Chinese Academy of Science , Shanghai , China
| | - Ya-Nan Chen
- a Department of Oncology , Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Clinical School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Ting-Ting Dai
- a Department of Oncology , Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Clinical School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Sheng-Wen Shao
- d Laboratory of Innovation , Medical School of Huzhou Teachers College , Huzhou , China
| | - Hong-Min Chen
- b State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Chu
- a Department of Oncology , Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Clinical School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
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Vinagre RMDF, Vinagre IDF, Vilar-E-Silva A, Fecury AA, Martins LC. HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND IMMUNE PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT GASTRODUODENAL DISEASES. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2018; 55:122-127. [PMID: 30043859 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201800000-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and different gastroduodenal diseases is related to bacterial, host and environmental factors. Studies have demonstrated an association between the genetic diversity of H. pylori, especially in the vacA and cagA genes, and the development of digestive diseases such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. In addition, the nature of the host inflammatory response may explain these different manifestations of infection caused by this microorganism. In this respect, host factors that regulate the immune and inflammatory responses involving the functional interaction of H. pylori infection with different components of the immune system, particularly T cells, in gastroduodenal diseases still need further investigation. OBJECTIVE To characterize the immune response, including immunity induced by infection with H. pylori, especially virulent strains (vacA alleles and cagA gene), by analyzing the cytokine profile and T-cell population present in gastroduodenal diseases in a Brazilian population. METHODS In a prospective study, gastric biopsies were collected from 554 patients with different gastroduodenal diseases for histological analysis and for the determination of bacterial genotype and cytokine production (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-12) by ELISA. RESULTS The predominant genotype of the H. pylori strains isolated from the patients studied was s1m1cagA+, which was more common among patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. A significant association was observed between the s1m1cagA+ genotype and a higher degree of inflammation, higher neutrophil activity and the development of intestinal metaplasia. The gastric concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-12 were significantly higher in patients infected with H. pylori than in uninfected individuals. Higher levels of these cytokines were detected in patients with gastric ulcer and cancer, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the gastric mucosa were lower in these patients. In addition, IFN-γ and IL-12 concentrations in gastric biopsies were higher in patients infected with the virulent s1m1cagA+ genotype. In contrast, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were higher in tissue infected with s2m2cagA in gastric biopsies. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the interaction between the type of infectious strain and the Th1 immune response can influence and perpetuate gastric inflammation, and thus contributes to the development of the different clinical manifestations of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adenielson Vilar-E-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica de Doenças Tropicais, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Amanda Alves Fecury
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica de Doenças Tropicais, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Luisa Caricio Martins
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica de Doenças Tropicais, Belém, PA, Brasil
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26
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Jafarzadeh A, Larussa T, Nemati M, Jalapour S. T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:227-236. [PMID: 29407232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pathologies, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers, and also less common but more serious pathologies, such as gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical outcome of gastrointestinal infection sustained by H. pylori is determined by the reciprocal interactions between virulence factors of the bacterium and host factors, including immune response genes. Although H. pylori induces a strong immune response, the bacterium is not eliminated. The eradication failure could be attributed to the bacterial capability to regulate helper T (Th) cell-related responses. H. pylori specific CD4+ T cells play a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events. It has been documented that Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, separately or in coordination with each other, can affect the outcome of the infection sustained by of H. pylori. Some studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4+ T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shila Jalapour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Involved in Skewed Type 2 Immunity of Gastric Diseases Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4927964. [PMID: 29138530 PMCID: PMC5613366 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4927964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
H. pylori induces a complicated local and systematic immune response and contributes to the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. A primary type 1 immune response is evoked by H. pylori since its occurrence. However, it is not unusual that an inhibitory immunity is dominant in H. pylori-associated diseases, which are promoted by the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment. But whether group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) plays a critical role in H. pylori-induced skewed type 2 immunity is still unclear. In the present study, firstly, we confirmed that type 1 immunity was inhibited and type 2 immunity were undisturbed or promoted after H. pylori infection in vitro and in vivo. Secondly, GATA-3 was firstly found to be increased in the interstitial lymphocytes from H. pylori-associated gastric cancer, among them, Lin-GATA-3+ cells and Lin+GATA-3+ cells were also found to be enhanced, which indicated an important role for ILC2s in H. pylori infection. More importantly, ILC2s were found to be increased after H. pylori infection in clinical patients and animal models. In conclusion, our results indicated that ILC2-mediated innate immune response might play a potential role in dominant type 2 phenotype and immunosuppressive microenvironment in H. pylori infection.
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Taye B, Enquselassie F, Tsegaye A, Amberbir A, Medhin G, Fogarty A, Robinson K, Davey G. Association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and atopy in young Ethiopian children: A longitudinal study. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1299-1308. [PMID: 28787771 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence from developed countries indicates that Helicobacter pylori infection correlates with a reduced risk of atopy and allergic disorders; however, limited data are available from low-income countries. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between H. pylori infection in early childhood and atopy and reported allergic disorders at the age of 6.5 years in an Ethiopian birth cohort. METHODS A total of 856 children (85.1% of the 1006 original singletons in a population-based birth cohort) were followed up at age six and half years. An interviewer-led questionnaire administered to mothers provided information on demographic and lifestyle variables. Questions on allergic disease symptoms were based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) core allergy and environmental questionnaire. Serum samples were analysed for total IgE levels and anti-H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) IgG antibody using commercially available ELISA kits. Stool samples were analysed for H. pylori antigen using a rapid immunochromatographic test. The independent effects of H. pylori infection (measured at age of 3, 5 and 6.5 years) on prevalence and incidence of atopy and reported allergic disorders (measured at age of 6.5 years) were determined using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS In cross-sectional analysis, current H. pylori infection at age 6.5 years was inversely, though not significantly, related to prevalence of atopy and "any allergic condition" at age 6.5 years. However, detection of H. pylori infection at any point up to age 6.5 years was associated with a significantly reduced odds of both atopy and "any allergic condition" (adjusted OR AOR, 95% CI, 0.54; 0.32-0.92, P = .02, and .31; 0.10-0.94, P = .04, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, H. pylori infection at age 3 was inversely associated with incidence of atopy (AOR, 95% CI, 0.49; 0.27-0.89, P = .02). Furthermore, among H. pylori-infected children, those with a CagA+ strain had a more pronounced reduction in odds of atopy (AOR = 0.35 vs 0.63 for CagA+ vs CagA-), and this reduction reached borderline significance. CONCLUSION These data are consistent with the hypothesis that early exposure to H. pylori is inversely associated with atopy and allergic conditions. A possible modest protective association against atopy was observed in those infected with a more virulent CagA+ strain of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Taye
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - F Enquselassie
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A Tsegaye
- School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - G Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A Fogarty
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Robinson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - G Davey
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Bagheri N, Shirzad H, Elahi S, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Rahimian G, Shafigh M, Rashidii R, Sarafnejad A, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Faridani R, Tahmasbi K, Kheiri S, Razavi A. Downregulated regulatory T cell function is associated with increased peptic ulcer in Helicobacter pylori-infection. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:165-175. [PMID: 28666843 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) chronically colonizes gastric/duodenal mucosa and induces gastroduodenal disease such as gastritis and peptic ulcer and induces vigorous innate and specific immune responses; however, the infection is not removed, a state of chronic active gastritis persists for life if untreated. The objective of this study was to determine the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in gastric mucosa of patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer and determined the relationship between main virulence factor of H. pylori and Tregs. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 89 patients with gastritis, 63 patients with peptic ulcer and 40 healthy, H. pylori-negative subjects were enrolled in this study. Expression of CD4 and Foxp3 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Antrum biopsy was obtained for detection of H. pylori, bacterial virulence factors and histopathological assessments. TGF-β1, IL-10 and FOXP3 expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS The numbers of CD4+ and Foxp3+ T cells as well as the expression of IL-10, TGF-β1, FOXP3, INF-γ and IL-17A in infected patients were significantly higher than the ones in uninfected patients. Also, the number of CD4+ T cells was independent on the vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) and outer inflammatory protein A (oipA), but it was positively correlated with cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA). Instead, the number of Foxp3+ T cells was dependent on the vacA and oipA, but it was independent on cagA. The number of Foxp3+ T cells and the expression of IL-10, TGF-β1 and FOXP3 in infected patients with gastritis were significantly higher than the ones in infected patients with peptic ulcer. Moreover, the number of CD4+ T cells and the expression of IL-17A and INF-γ was the lowest in the gastritis patients, however, increased progressively in the peptic ulcer patients. Additionally, the numbers of CD4+ and Foxp3+ T cells as well as the expression of IL-10, TGF-β1, FOXP3 and INF-γ were positively correlated with the degree of H. pylori density and chronic inflammation. CONCLUSION Tregs are positively associated with vacA alleles and oipA status of H. pylori and histological grade but negatively associated with peptic ulcer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammedhadi Shafigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Rashidii
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abdulfatah Sarafnejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rana Faridani
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kamran Tahmasbi
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soleiman Kheiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alireza Razavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Narang M, Puri AS, Sachdeva S, Singh J, Kumar A, Saran RK. Celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori infection in children: Is there any Association? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1178-1182. [PMID: 27862319 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection can influence the inflammatory and immune responses in the gut and may therefore play a role in the development of gluten-related enteropathy in genetically susceptible individuals. Our objective was to assess the relationship between celiac disease and HP infection in children. METHODS Children (1-18 years) diagnosed as celiac disease (CD) (n = 324) with submission of gastric and duodenal biopsies and duodenal histology having Marsh grade III features were eligible for the study. Non-celiac patients referred for endoscopy were selected as controls. We studied proportion of HP prevalence in children with confirmed CD as compared with HP prevalence in reference group comprising non-celiac children referred for endoscopy. We also evaluated predictors of HP infection in children with celiac disease. RESULTS Of the 324 participants with CD, gastric HP was seen in 37 (11.4%) patients. The prevalence of HP in patients without CD (50%, P < 0.001) was significantly higher. Among patients with CD, HP infection was most frequent in patients with Marsh IIIa. In the stepwise regression analysis for risk factors of HP infection in CD patients: presence of gastritis, hemoglobin, and absence of scalloping were found to be independent predictors in a multivariate setup. CONCLUSION Celiac disease and gastric HP infection have inverse relationship that raises the question whether development of HP infection confers protection against CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Narang
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Amarender Singh Puri
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Sachdeva
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Jatinderpal Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra K Saran
- Department of Pathology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
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Román-Román A, Martínez-Carrillo DN, Atrisco-Morales J, Azúcar-Heziquio JC, Cuevas-Caballero AS, Castañón-Sánchez CA, Reyes-Ríos R, Betancourt-Linares R, Reyes-Navarrete S, Cruz-Del Carmen I, Camorlinga-Ponce M, Cortés-Malagón EM, Fernández-Tilapa G. Helicobacter pylori vacA s1m1 genotype but not cagA or babA2 increase the risk of ulcer and gastric cancer in patients from Southern Mexico. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:18. [PMID: 28413454 PMCID: PMC5390388 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vacA, cagA and babA2 genotypes of Helicobacter pylori are associated with gastric pathology. The objectives were to determine the frequency of infection and distribution of the vacA, cagA and babA2 genotypes of H. pylori in patients with gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, and to evaluate the association of virulent genotypes with diagnosis. METHODS We studied 921 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia or with presumptive diagnosis of gastric cancer. The DNA of H. pylori and the vacA, cagA and babA2 genes was detected by PCR in total DNA from gastric biopsies. The association of H. pylori and of its cagA, vacA and babA2 genotypes with diagnosis was determined by calculating the odds ratio (OR). RESULTS Chronic gastritis was confirmed in 767 patients, gastric ulcer in 115 and cancer in 39. The prevalence of H. pylori was 47.8, 49.6 and 61.5% in those groups, respectively. H. pylori was more frequent in the surrounding tissue (69.2%) than in the tumor (53.8%). The vacA s1m1 genotype predominated in the three groups (45.2, 61.4 and 83.3%, respectively). H. pylori was associated with cancer (ORadjusted = 2.08; 95% CI 1.05-4.13; p = 0.035) but not with ulcer (ORadjusted = 1.07; 95% CI 0.71-1.61; p = 0.728). The s1m1 genotype was associated with ulcer and cancer (ORadjusted = 2.02; 95% CI 1.12-3.62; p = 0.019 and ORadjusted = 6.58; 95% CI 2.15-20.08; p = 0.001, respectively). babA2 was associated with gastric cancer, and cagA was not associated with the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS In population from Southern Mexico, H. pylori and the s1m1 genotype were associated with gastric cancer and the s1m1/cagA+/babA2+ strains predominated in tumor and adjacent tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Román-Román
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero México
| | - Dinorah Nashely Martínez-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria Sur, Col. La Haciendita, 39087 Chilpancingo, Guerrero México
| | - Josefina Atrisco-Morales
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria Sur, Col. La Haciendita, 39087 Chilpancingo, Guerrero México
| | - Julio César Azúcar-Heziquio
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria Sur, Col. La Haciendita, 39087 Chilpancingo, Guerrero México
| | - Abner Saúl Cuevas-Caballero
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria Sur, Col. La Haciendita, 39087 Chilpancingo, Guerrero México
| | | | - Roxana Reyes-Ríos
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria Sur, Col. La Haciendita, 39087 Chilpancingo, Guerrero México
| | | | - Salomón Reyes-Navarrete
- Servicio de Endoscopia, Instituto Estatal de Cancerología "Dr. Arturo Beltrán Ortega", Acapulco, Guerrero México
| | - Iván Cruz-Del Carmen
- Servicio de Endoscopia, Hospital General "Dr. Raymundo Abarca Alarcón", Chilpancingo, Guerrero México
| | - Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria Sur, Col. La Haciendita, 39087 Chilpancingo, Guerrero México
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Chonwerawong M, Avé P, Huerre M, Ferrero RL. Interferon-γ promotes gastric lymphoid follicle formation but not gastritis in Helicobacter-infected BALB/c mice. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:61. [PMID: 27895717 PMCID: PMC5117576 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mouse infection studies have shown that interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine, is required for the development of severe pathology induced by chronic Helicobacter infection. This finding is largely based on studies performed using mice that have polarised Th1 responses i.e. C57BL/6 animals. The current work aims to investigate the role of IFN-γ in Helicobacter-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice which have Th2-polarised immune responses. Results At 7 months post-infection with Helicobacter felis, IFN-γ deficiency in BALB/c mice had no significant effect on H. felis colonisation levels in the gastric mucosa, nor on humoral responses, or gastritis severity. Ifng−/− animals with chronic H. felis infection did, however, develop significantly fewer lymphoid follicle lesions, as well as increased IL-4 splenocyte responses, when compared with infected Ifng+/+ mice (P = 0.015 and P = 0.0004, respectively). Conclusions The work shows that in mice on a BALB/c background, IFN-γ is not required for bacterial clearance, antibody responses, nor gastric inflammation. Conversely, IFN-γ appears to play a role in the development of gastric lymphoid follicles, which are precursor lesions to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This study highlights the importance of mouse host background on the susceptibility to Helicobacter-induced pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3123 Australia
| | - Patrick Avé
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France ; Unité de Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Michel Huerre
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France ; Département de Pathologie, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3123 Australia ; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
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Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genotype diversity and interferon gamma expression in patients with chronic gastritis and patients with gastric cancer. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2016; 79:220-8. [PMID: 25432406 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main risk factor for the development of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. In H. pylori-infected individuals, the clinical result is dependent on various factors, among which are bacterial components, the immune response, and environmental influence. AIMS To compare IFN-γ expression with the H. pylori vacA and cagA genotypes in patients with chronic gastritis and patients with gastric cancer. METHODS Ninety-five patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis and 20 with gastric cancer were included in the study. Three gastric biopsies were taken; one was used for the molecular detection and genotyping of H. pylori; another was fixed in absolute alcohol and histologic sections were made for determining IFN-γ expression through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS No differences were found in the cells that expressed IFN-γ between the patients with chronic gastritis (median percentage of positive cells: 82.6% in patients without H. pylori and 82% in infected persons) and those with gastric cancer (70.5% in H. pylori-negative patients and 78.5% in infected persons). IFN-γ expression was 69% in chronic gastritis patients infected with H. pylori vacAs2m2/cagA⁻ it was 86.5% in patients infected with H. pylori vacAs1m2/cagA⁻, 86.5% in vacAs1m1/cagA⁻, and 82% in vacAs1m1/cagA⁺. Similar data were found in the patients with gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS IFN-γ expression varied depending on the H. pylori vacA and cagA genotype, but not in accordance with the presence of chronic gastritis or gastric cancer.
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Talebkhan Y, Doozbakhshan M, Saberi S, Esmaeili M, Karami N, Mohajerani N, Abdirad A, Eshagh Hosseini M, Nahvijou A, Mohagheghi MA, Mohammadi M. Serum Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein in Carriers of IL-4 C-590T Genetic Polymorphism Amplify the Risk of Gastritis and Gastric Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 21:321-9. [PMID: 27677314 PMCID: PMC5548964 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.5.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer arises, mainly, on an inflammatory background. Helicobacter pylori neutrophil activating (HP-NAP) protein functions as a potent pro-inflammatory mediator. Similarly, IL-4 plays a critical role in the inflammation pathway, the levels of which are altered by C to T transition at position -590 in its promoter region. Here, we have aimed to assess the risk of gastritis and gastric cancer in the co-presence of these two inflammation modulating mediators. METHODS Gastritis (n=58) and gastric cancer (n=31) patients were evaluated and compared with H. pylori-positive asymptomatic controls (n=46), for serum antibodies against recombinant HP-NAP and IL-4 C-590T single nucleotide polymorphism using immunoblotting and PCR-RFLP, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity, was used for data analysis. RESULTS In terms of susceptibility to gastritis, seropositivity to HP-NAP projected a risk impact of 4.62 fold (OR=4.62, 95% CI=1.50-14.22), which when present in IL-4 -590 T carriers augmented the risk up to 9.7 fold (OR=9.70, 95% CI=2.06-45.69). A similar pattern, but of a stronger magnitude, occurred for the risk of gastric cancer, which was estimated at 9.07 fold (OR=9.07, 95% CI=1.99-42.0) for HP-NAP-seropositive subjects and was drastically amplified (OR=33.64, 95% CI=2.06-548.68), when double-positive (HP-NAP seropositive/IL-4 -590 T carrier) subjects were examined against double negatives (HP-NAP seronegative/IL-4 -590 CC). CONCLUSION Our preliminary data indicate that serum antibodies against HP-NAP represent a state of risk, which is further exacerbated in IL-4 -590 T carriers. These biomarkers, if validated in larger prospective studies, can be used to screen for gastric cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Talebkhan
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Doozbakhshan
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Karami
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mohajerani
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Abdirad
- Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Eshagh Hosseini
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Nahvijou
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Role of Regulatory T-cells in Different Clinical Expressions of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Arch Med Res 2016; 47:245-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Robinson K. Helicobacter pylori-Mediated Protection against Extra-Gastric Immune and Inflammatory Disorders: The Evidence and Controversies. Diseases 2015; 3:34-55. [PMID: 28943607 PMCID: PMC5548235 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies link H. pylori infection with a reduced risk of developing extra-gastric conditions such as allergy, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease and multiple sclerosis. The strength of the evidence for these protective associations is quite variable, and published studies often do not agree. This review article discusses some of the reasons for these discrepancies, and the difficulties faced when designing studies. Examples of some protective disease associations are described in detail, where the evidence is most abundant and thought to be more reliable. The most convincing of these are supported by published mechanistic data, for example with animal models, or incidence of disease exacerbation in humans following H. pylori eradication. Although controversial, this field is very important as the prevalence of H. pylori is decreasing throughout the world whilst many chronic diseases are becoming more common. These trends are likely to continue in the future, therefore it is important that we fully understand if and how H. pylori confers protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Robinson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Yap TWC, Chan WK, Leow AHR, Azmi AN, Loke MF, Vadivelu J, Goh KL. Prevalence of serum celiac antibodies in a multiracial Asian population--a first study in the young Asian adult population of Malaysia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121908. [PMID: 25799401 PMCID: PMC4370882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder induced by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible persons. The prevalence of CD in Malaysia is unknown. We aim to determine the seroprevalence of CD antibodies and also investigate the correlation between H. pylori infection and CD in the young and healthy multiracial Malaysian population. Methods Healthy young adult volunteers between the ages of 18–30 years were consecutively recruited from June 2012 to May 2014 at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur. Serum samples from all the participants were tested for anti-gliadin antibody immunoglobulin A/immunoglobulin G (IgA/IgG) and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) IgA/IgG. Samples positive for both anti-gliadin and anti-tTG were further validated for anti-human endomysial IgA antibodies (EmA). Serological diagnosis of CD was made when anti-gliadin, anti-tTG and anti-EmA were positive. Results 562 qualified participants with mean age 24 ± 2.4 years old were recruited into our study. CD was found in 7 participants where most of them were asymptomatic and unaware of their CD status. The median of anti-gliadin and anti-tTG IgA/IgG value was 38.2 U/ml (interquartile range, 28.3–60.4 U/ml) and 49.2 U/ml (interquartile range, 41.1–65.9 U/ml), respectively. Seroprevalence of CD antibodies was 1.9% (6 out of 324) in female while only 0.4% (1 out of 238) in male. Seroprevalence among Malay was 0.8% (2 of 236), Chinese was 1.7% (3 of 177) and Indian was 1.3% (2 of 149). Overall, seroprevalence of CD antibodies in healthy asymptomatic adults in the Malaysian population was 1.25% (95% CI, 0.78%-1.72%). No significant relationship was discovered between CD and H. pylori infection. Conclusions The seroprevalence of CD antibodies in healthy young adults in the Malaysian population was 1.25% (1 in 100). CD is underdiagnosed and it could be a much greater problem in Malaysia than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Wan-Chen Yap
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weng-Kai Chan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alex Hwong-Ruey Leow
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Najib Azmi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun-Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Amberbir A, Medhin G, Abegaz WE, Hanlon C, Robinson K, Fogarty A, Britton J, Venn A, Davey G. Exposure to Helicobacter pylori infection in early childhood and the risk of allergic disease and atopic sensitization: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:563-71. [PMID: 24528371 PMCID: PMC4164268 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background An inverse relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and allergic disease has been reported by a range of independent epidemiological studies, but evidence from longitudinal studies is scarce. Objective We have investigated the effects of H. pylori infection on the incidence and prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in a low-income birth cohort. Methods In 2005/2006, a population-based birth cohort was established in Butajira, Ethiopia, and the 1006 singleton babies born were followed up at ages 1, 3, and 5. Symptoms of allergic disease were collected using the ISAAC questionnaire, allergen skin tests performed, and stool samples analysed for H. pylori antigen and geohelminths. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the independent effects of H. pylori measured at age 3 on the incidence of each outcome between ages 3 and 5 years (in those without the outcome at age 3), controlling for potential confounders, and to additionally assess cross-sectional associations. Results A total of 863 children were followed up to age 5. H. pylori infection was found in 25% of the children at both ages 3 and 5, in 21% at age 5 but not 3, and in 17% at age 3 but not at age 5. H. pylori infection at age 3 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of incident eczema between ages 3 and 5 (adjusted OR, 95% CI, 0.31; 0.10–0.94, P = 0.02). Cross-sectionally at age 5, H. pylori infection was inversely associated with skin sensitization (adjusted OR, 95% CI, 0.26; 0.07–0.92, P = 0.02). Conclusion and clinical relevance These findings provide further evidence to suggest that early-life exposure to H. pylori may play a protective role in the development of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amberbir
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Martínez-Carrillo D, Atrisco-Morales J, Hernández-Pando R, Reyes-Navarrete S, Betancourt-Linares R, Cruz-del Carmen I, Illades Aguiar B, Román-Román A, Fernández-Tilapa G. Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genotype diversity and interferon gamma expression in patients with chronic gastritis and patients with gastric cancer. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori three decades ago is a modern medical success story. It markedly changed our understanding of the pathophysiology of gastroduodenal diseases and led to an improvement in the treatment of diseases related to H. pylori infection. Many of these diseases (such as ulcer disease and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) have become curable, and others (gastric cancer) might be preventable with the application of H. pylori eradication therapy. Since its discovery, H. pylori has also been identified as a trigger for some extragastric diseases. Promising results in this exciting field might have a clinical effect in the near future. This Timeline gives an overview of the success of clinical research on H. pylori to date and highlights some future trends in this area.
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Roesler BM, Rabelo-Gonçalves EMA, Zeitune JMR. Virulence Factors of Helicobacter pylori: A Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 7:9-17. [PMID: 24833944 PMCID: PMC4019226 DOI: 10.4137/cgast.s13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and can establish a long-term infection of the gastric mucosa, a condition that affects the relative risk of developing various clinical disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori presents a high-level of genetic diversity, which can be an important factor in its adaptation to the host stomach and also for the clinical outcome of infection. There are important H. pylori virulence factors that, along with host characteristics and the external environment, have been associated with the different occurrences of diseases. This review is aimed to analyzing and summarizing the main of them and possible associations with the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M Roesler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ; Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M A Rabelo-Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ; Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M R Zeitune
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ; Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Roesler BM, Rabelo-Gonçalves EMA, Zeitune JMR. <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and upper gastrointestinal diseases: A review. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.64039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pasini FS, Zilberstein B, Snitcovsky I, Roela RA, Mangone FRR, Ribeiro U, Nonogaki S, Brito GC, Callegari GD, Cecconello I, Alves VAF, Eluf-Neto J, Chammas R, Federico MHH. A gene expression profile related to immune dampening in the tumor microenvironment is associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1453-66. [PMID: 24217965 PMCID: PMC4223540 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours (TNM) staging system is the primary means of determining a prognosis for gastric adenocarcinoma (GC). However, tumor behavior in the individual patient is unpredictable and in spite of treatment advances, a classification of 'advanced stage' still portends a poor prognosis. Thus, further insights from molecular analyses are needed for better prognostic stratification and determination of new therapeutic targets. METHODS A total of fifty-one fresh frozen tumor samples from patients with histopathologically confirmed diagnoses of GC, submitted to surgery with curative intent, were included in the study. Total RNA was extracted from an initial group of fifteen samples matched for known prognostic factors, categorized into two subgroups, according to patient overall survival: poor (<24 months) or favorable (at or above 24 months), and hybridized to Affymetrix Genechip human genome U133 plus 2.0 for genes associated with prognosis selection. Thirteen genes were selected for qPCR validation using those initial fifteen samples plus additional thirty-six samples. RESULTS A total of 108 genes were associated with poor prognosis, independent of tumor staging. Using systems biology, we suggest that this panel reflects the dampening of immune/inflammatory response in the tumor microenvironment level and a shift to Th2/M2 activity. A gene trio (OLR1, CXCL11 and ADAMDEC1) was identified as an independent marker of prognosis, being the last two markers validated in an independent patient cohort. CONCLUSIONS We determined a panel of three genes with prognostic value in gastric cancer, which should be further investigated. A gene expression profile suggestive of a dysfunctional inflammatory response was associated with unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Solange Pasini
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto de Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 8º andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-000 Brazil
| | - Bruno Zilberstein
- Disciplina de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Snitcovsky
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto de Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 8º andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-000 Brazil
| | - Rosimeire Aparecida Roela
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia R. Rotea Mangone
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto de Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 8º andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-000 Brazil
| | - Ulysses Ribeiro
- Disciplina de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,Coordenação Cirúrgica, Instituto de Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Divisão Central de Patologia, Laboratório de Imuno-histoquímica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Glauber Costa Brito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto de Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 8º andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-000 Brazil
| | - Giovanna D. Callegari
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Cecconello
- Disciplina de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Eluf-Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto de Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 8º andar, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-000 Brazil
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Lebwohl B, Blaser MJ, Ludvigsson JF, Green PHR, Rundle A, Sonnenberg A, Genta RM. Decreased risk of celiac disease in patients with Helicobacter pylori colonization. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:1721-30. [PMID: 24124196 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has increased in recent decades without a clear explanation. The "hygiene hypothesis" theorizes that decreased exposure to bacterial antigens may trigger autoimmunity. We aimed to determine whether Helicobacter pylori infection and CD were associated among patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. We performed a cross-sectional study of patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with submission of gastric and duodenal biopsies to Miraca Life Sciences, Inc. (Irving, Texas), a US commercial pathology laboratory, during a 4.5-year period (January 2008-June 2012). We compared the prevalence of H. pylori in CD patients with that in persons without CD. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting odds ratios for patient age, gender, and racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors. Among 136,179 patients, a total of 2,689 (2.0%) had CD. H. pylori prevalence was significantly lower in patients with CD (4.4%) than in those without CD (8.8%; P < 0.0001). After adjustment for the above covariates, this inverse relationship remained strong (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40, 0.58). The relationships were similar in men (unadjusted OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.69) and women (unadjusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.58) and in all age groups. We conclude that H. pylori presence and CD are inversely associated, a relationship that persists after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Future studies should address whether H. pylori modulates immune responses to ingested gluten.
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Kaebisch R, Mejías-Luque R, Prinz C, Gerhard M. Helicobacter pyloriCytotoxin-Associated Gene A Impairs Human Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function through IL-10–Mediated Activation of STAT3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:316-23. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shi WJ, Liu W, Zhou XY, Ye F, Zhang GX. Associations of Helicobacter pylori infection and cytotoxin-associated gene A status with autoimmune thyroid diseases: a meta-analysis. Thyroid 2013; 23:1294-300. [PMID: 23544831 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is reportedly associated with extradigestive diseases such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura and coronary heart disease. The risk factors for autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) remain largely unknown, and whether H. pylori infection is associated with ATDs is still controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the association between H. pylori infection and ATDs. METHODS Studies comparing the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in patients with ATDs and healthy controls, published in English, were identified through a systematic search in MEDLINE and EMBAS up to June 2012. Serological or nonserological tests were used to confirm H. pylori infection and the presence of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) antigens. The odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals [CI] were obtained. RESULTS Seven studies involving a total of 862 patients met the inclusion criteria and thus were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, H. pylori infection was associated with ATDs (OR 1.92 [CI 1.41-2.61]); the association was significant for Graves' disease (OR 4.35 [CI 2.48-7.64]) but not for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR 1.45 [CI 0.92-2.26], p=0.11). No association was observed in the subanalysis of studies using only enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect H. pylori infection (OR 1.38 [CI 0.86-2.19], p=0.18). Five of the seven articles reported the association of CagA seroprevalence and ATDs. CagA seropositivity significantly increased the risk for ATDs by 2.24-fold [CI 1.06-4.75]. CONCLUSIONS Both the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the seroprevalence of CagA-positive strains are associated with ATDs. These findings suggest that H. pylori infection potentially plays a part in the development of ATDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Shi
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Liu T, Peng L, Yu P, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Mao X, Chen W, Cheng P, Wang T, Chen N, Zhang J, Liu X, Li N, Guo G, Tong W, Zhuang Y, Zou Q. Increased circulating Th22 and Th17 cells are associated with tumor progression and patient survival in human gastric cancer. J Clin Immunol 2012; 32:1332-9. [PMID: 22760549 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although Th22 and Th17 cells have been reported to play critical roles during autoimmunity and inflammation, information on their role in cancer-immunity is limited. In this study, we investigated clinical relevance of circulating Th22 and Th17 cells in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Using multi-color flow cytometry and PMA stimulation, we determined the levels of Th22, Th17 and Th1 cells in the peripheral blood of 32 GC patients and 19 healthy donors, and evaluated their correlations with tumor stage and overall survival. Compared with healthy donors, the frequencies of circulating CD4(+)IL-22(+) T cells, CD4(+)IL-17(+) T cells, Th22 (CD4(+)IL-22(+)IL-17(-)INF-γ(-)) cells, Th17 (CD4(+)IL-17(+)INF-γ(-)) cells were increased in patients with GC, but there was no significant differences in the frequencies of CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) T cells and Th1 (CD4(+)IL-17(-)INF-γ(+)) cells. Th22 cells showed positive correlation with Th17 cells and CD4(+)IL-17(+) T cells in patients with GC. Furthermore, the frequencies of Th22 and Th17 cells were significantly higher in stage III-IV GC patients versus stage I-II and correlated with patients' overall survival. These data suggest that circulating Th22 cells as well as Th17 cells are increased in the peripheral blood of GC patients with tumor progression, and that these cells may be promising novel clinical markers for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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Roesler BM, Costa SCB, Zeitune JMR. Eradication Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Its Importance and Possible Relationship in Preventing the Development of Gastric Cancer. ISRN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2012; 2012:935410. [PMID: 22778979 PMCID: PMC3384894 DOI: 10.5402/2012/935410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the most important carcinogen for gastric adenocarcinoma. Bacterial virulence factors are essential players in modulating the immune response involved in the initiation of carcinogenesis in the stomach; host genetic factors contribute to the regulation of the inflammatory response and to the aggravation of mucosal damage. In terms of environmental factors, salt intake and smoking contribute to the development of lesions. Various therapeutic schemes are proposed to eradicate H. pylori infection, which could potentially prevent gastric cancer, offering the greatest benefit if performed before premalignant changes of the gastric mucosa have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Maria Roesler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13.081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13.081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cecília Botelho Costa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13.081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Murilo Robilotta Zeitune
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13.081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13.081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Bornschein J, Malfertheiner P. Gastric carcinogenesis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2011; 396:729-42. [PMID: 21611816 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-011-0810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In most patients, gastric cancer is diagnosed in advanced stage. Curative treatment options are limited and the mortality is high. The process of gastric carcinogenesis is triggered by Helicobacter pylori-driven gastritis and is further characterized by its complexity of interaction with other risk factors. Health care systems are challenged for the improvement of prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatments. METHODS An extensive literature research has been performed to elucidate the interplay between etiological factors involved in gastric carcinogenesis. RESULTS H. pylori is the most important carcinogen for gastric adenocarcinoma. Evidence is provided by experiments including animal studies as well as clinical observational and interventional studies in humans. Eradication has the potential to prevent gastric cancer and offers the greatest benefit if performed before premalignant changes of the gastric mucosa have occurred. Bacterial virulence factors are essential players in modulating the immune response involved in the initiation of the carcinogenesis in the stomach. Host genetic factors contribute to the regulation of the inflammatory response and in the aggravation of mucosal damage. The harmful role of environmental factors is restricted to salt intake and smoking of tobacco. The ingestion of fruit and vegetables has some protective effect. CONCLUSION Infection with H. pylori is the major risk factor for gastric cancer development, and thus, eradication of the Helicobacter offers a promising best option for prevention of the disease. Bacterial virulence, host genetic factors, and environmental influences are interacting in the multifactorial process of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bornschein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Ayala G, Flores-Luna L, Hernández-Amaro D, Mendoza-Hernández G, Chihu-Amparán L, Bernal-Sahagún F, Camorlinga M, Lazcano-Ponce E, Torres J. Association of circulating VacA-neutralizing antibodies with gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1425-34. [PMID: 21779758 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between anti-VacA antibodies and pre-neoplastic lesions (IM), gastric cancer (GC), and duodenal ulcer (DU). METHODS A case-control study that included 347 patients, 90 with IM, 60 with GC, 52 with DU, and 145 with non-atrophic gastritis was conducted. For the analysis, a polytomous logistic regression models were used. Anti-VacA antibodies were identified in sera from these patients, either by Western blot assay (WB), using antigens produced by H. pylori s1m1 strain, or by neutralization assay challenging HeLa cells with H. pylori VacA s1m1 cytotoxin. RESULTS Results of the WB assay showed no association between WB-anti-VacA antibodies and gastroduodenal diseases. In contrast, when antibodies that neutralize VacA cytotoxic activity were studied, a significant association was found with IM (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.1) and DU (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.9) and an even stronger association with GC (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.8-8.5). A significant association with histological subtypes of GC (diffuse and intestinal) and of IM (complete and incomplete) was also found. In addition, the association showed a significant dose-response effect in the case of GC, but not of DU or IM. These associations did not change substantially after adjustment for confounding factors. MAIN CONCLUSION This study showed that VacA-neutralizing antibodies are significantly associated with gastroduodenal diseases, especially GC, and that they might be used as risk markers of GC and DU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Ayala
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, entre Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera. Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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