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Liu K, Liu J, Zou B, Li C, Zeh HJ, Kang R, Kroemer G, Huang J, Tang D. Trypsin-Mediated Sensitization to Ferroptosis Increases the Severity of Pancreatitis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:483-500. [PMID: 34562639 PMCID: PMC8688567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatitis is characterized by acinar cell death and persistent inflammation. Ferroptosis is a type of lipid peroxidation-dependent necrosis, which is negatively regulated by glutathione peroxidase 4. We studied how trypsin, a serine protease secreted by pancreatic acinar cells, affects the contribution of ferroptosis to triggering pancreatitis. METHODS In vitro, the mouse pancreatic acinar cell line 266-6 and mouse primary pancreatic acinar cells were used to investigate the effect of exogenous trypsin on ferroptosis sensitivity. Short hairpin RNAs were designed to silence gene expression, whereas a library of 1080 approved drugs was used to identify new ferroptosis inhibitors in 266-6 cells. In vivo, a Cre/LoxP system was used to generate mice with a pancreas-specific knockout of Gpx4 (Pdx1-Cre;Gpx4flox/flox mice). Acute or chronic pancreatitis was induced in these mice (Gpx4flox/flox mice served as controls) by cerulein injections or a Lieber-DeCarli alcoholic liquid diet. Pancreatic tissues, acinar cells, and serum were collected and analyzed by histology, immunoblot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Supraphysiological doses of trypsin (500 or 1000 ng/mL) alone did not trigger significant cell death in 266-6 cells and mouse primary pancreatic acinar cells, but did increase the sensitivity of these cells to ferroptosis upon treatment with cerulein, L-arginine, alcohol, erastin, or RSL3. Proteasome 26S subunit, non-adenosine triphosphatase 4-dependent lipid peroxidation caused ferroptosis in pancreatic acinar cells by promoting the proteasomal degradation of glutathione peroxidase 4. The drug screening campaign identified the antipsychotic drug olanzapine as an antioxidant inhibiting ferroptosis in pancreatic acinar cells. Mice lacking pancreatic Gpx4 developed more severe pancreatitis after cerulein infection or ethanol feeding than control mice. Conversely, olanzapine administration protected against pancreatic ferroptotic damage and experimental pancreatitis in Gpx4-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Trypsin-mediated sensitization to ferroptotic damage increases the severity of pancreatitis in mice, and this process can be reversed by olanzapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Borong Zou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Herbert J. Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Jun Huang, MD, Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China. fax: (86) 731-85295999
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Daolin Tang, MD, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390
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The Regulatory Effect of the Kinase Inhibitor PD98059 on Autophagic Flux During Trypsinogen Activation in Pancreatic Acinar Cells. Pancreas 2020; 49:290-299. [PMID: 32011537 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the role of kinase inhibitor PD98059 on autophagy flow in the process of trypsinogen activation in pancreatic acinar cell and its related mechanism. METHODS In the present study, bioinformatics analysis was used to predict kinases and their most relevant inhibitor (PD98059) which participates in autophagy of acute pancreatitis (AP). The rat pancreatic acini AR42J cells were divided into 4 groups: control group, sodium taurocholate hydrate (TLC) group, PD98059 group, and TLC + PD group. Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 9), including control group, severe AP (SAP) group, and SAP + PD group. We detected trypsinogen activation, autophagic activation, lysosome pH, and cathepsin-L activity in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Results revealed trypsinogen activation was significantly inhibited in mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, JAK2, LYN, and their common inhibitor was PD98059. The trypsinogen activation, Beclin1, and light chain 3 II expressions were reduced, whereas the expressions of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2, cathepsin L1, and cathepsin-L activity is upregulated after the PD98059 pretreatment, both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Lysosomal dysfunction blocked autophagy flux, accompanied by increasing pancreatic acinar cell autophagy in the process of trypsinogen activation. PD98059 inhibited AP occurrence and pancreatic injury via improving the blocked autophagic pathway and reducing trypsinogen activation.
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Chatterjee PK, Yeboah MM, Dowling O, Xue X, Powell SR, Al-Abed Y, Metz CN. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists attenuate septic acute kidney injury in mice by suppressing inflammation and proteasome activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35361. [PMID: 22586448 PMCID: PMC3346807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Septic patients who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) are at increased risk of death. To date there is no effective treatment for AKI or septic AKI. Based on their anti-inflammatory properties, we examined the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists on renal damage using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI where localized LPS promotes inflammation-mediated kidney damage. Administration of nicotine (1 mg/kg) or GTS-21 (4 mg/kg) significantly abrogated renal leukocyte infiltration (by 40%) and attenuated kidney injury. These renoprotective effects were accompanied by reduced systemic and localized kidney inflammation during LPS-induced AKI. Consistent with these observations, nicotinic agonist treatment significantly decreased renal IκBα degradation and NFκB activation during LPS-induced AKI. Treatment of human kidney cells with nicotinic agonists, an NFκB inhibitor (Bay11), or a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) effectively inhibited their inflammatory responses following stimulation with LPS or TNFα. Renal proteasome activity, a major regulator of NFκB-mediated inflammation, was enhanced by approximately 50% during LPS-induced AKI and elevated proteasome activity was significantly blunted by nicotinic agonist administration in vivo. Taken together, our results identify enhanced renal proteasome activity during LPS-induced AKI and the suppression of both proteasome activity and inflammation by nicotinic agonists to attenuate LPS-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodyot K. Chatterjee
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Yeboah
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Oonagh Dowling
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiangying Xue
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Saul R. Powell
- The Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- The Center for Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine N. Metz
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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Huan C, Zenilman ME. A proteasome inhibitor to treat acute pancreatitis? Maybe... J Surg Res 2010; 162:39-41. [PMID: 20085842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongmin Huan
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA
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Weber H, Hühns S, Lüthen F, Jonas L. Calpain-mediated breakdown of cytoskeletal proteins contributes to cholecystokinin-induced damage of rat pancreatic acini. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:387-99. [PMID: 19659897 PMCID: PMC2741149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic cysteine protease calpain is implicated in a multitude of cellular functions but also plays a role in cell damage. Our previous results suggest that an activation of calpain accompanied by a decrease in its endogenous inhibitor calpastatin may contribute to pancreatic damage during cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. The present study aimed at the time course of secretagogue-induced calpain activation and cellular substrates of the protease. Isolated rat pancreatic acini were incubated with a supramaximal concentration of cholecystokinin (0.1 microM CCK) for 30 min in the presence or absence of the calpain inhibitor Z-Val-Phe methyl ester (100 microM ZVP). The activation of calpain and the expression of calpastatin and the actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins alphaII-spectrin, E-cadherin and vinculin were studied by immunoblotting. The cell damage was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release and ultrastructural analysis including fluorescence-labelled actin filaments. Immediately after administration, CCK led to activation of both calpain isoforms, mu- and m-calpain. The protease activation was accompanied by a decrease in the E-cadherin level and formation of calpain-specific breakdown products of alphaII-spectrin. A calpain-specific cleavage product of vinculin appeared concomitantly with changes in the actin filament organization. No effect of CCK on calpastatin was found. Inhibition of calpain by ZVP reduced CCK-induced damage of the actin-associated proteins and the cellular ultrastructure including the actin cytoskeleton. The results suggest that CCK-induced acinar cell damage requires activation of calpain and that the actin cytoskeleton belongs to the cellular targets of the protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Weber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rostock, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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