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Barahman M, Asp P, Roy-Chowdhury N, Kinkhabwala M, Roy-Chowdhury J, Kabarriti R, Guha C. Hepatocyte Transplantation: Quo Vadis? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 103:922-934. [PMID: 30503786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been effective in managing end-stage liver disease since the advent of cyclosporine immunosuppression therapy in 1980. The major limitations of OLT are organ supply, monetary cost, and the burden of lifelong immunosuppression. Hepatocyte transplantation, as a substitute for OLT, has been an exciting topic of investigation for several decades. HT is potentially minimally invasive and can serve as a vehicle for delivery of personalized medicine through autologous cell transplant after modification ex vivo. However, 3 major hurdles have prevented large-scale clinical application: (1) availability of transplantable cells; (2) safe and efficient ex vivo gene therapy methods; and (3) engraftment and repopulation efficiency. This review will discuss new sources for transplantable liver cells obtained by lineage reprogramming, clinically acceptable methods of genetic manipulation, and the development of hepatic irradiation-based preparative regimens for enhancing engraftment and repopulation of transplanted hepatocytes. We will also review the results of the first 3 patients with genetic liver disorders who underwent preparative hepatic irradiation before hepatocyte transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Barahman
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Patrik Asp
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Namita Roy-Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Milan Kinkhabwala
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Genetics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rafi Kabarriti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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Sun Q, Liu X, Wu Y, Niu W, Long P, Liu J, Lei M, Hu Y, Wu L, Li Z, Liang D. Ectopic expression of factor VIII in MSCs and hepatocytes derived from rDNA targeted hESCs. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 495:656-663. [PMID: 30096315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by FVIII gene deficiency, which may result in spontaneous joint hemorrhages or life-threatening bleeding. Currently, cell-based gene therapy via ex vivo transduction of transplantable cells with integrating gene-expressing vectors offers an attractive treatment for HA. In present study, we targeted an expression cassette of B-domain-deleted FVIII into the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by transfection with a nonviral targeting plasmid pHrn. The targeted hESCs clone could be expanded and retained the main pluripotent properties of differentiation into three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, under defined induction conditions, the targeted hESCs could differentiated into functional mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hepatocytes, as validated by relevant specific cell markers and functional examination. Tumorgenesis assay demonstrated that these cells are relatively safe for future applications. Analysis on gene expression revealed that exogenous FVIII mRNA and FVIII proteins were both present in differentiated MSCs and hepatocytes. These results indicated that through gene targeting at hESCs rDNA locus a persistent cell source of transplantable genetic-modified cells can be accomplished for HA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Sun
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xionghao Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Wenbin Niu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Panpan Long
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Youjin Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China..
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China..
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Cañete A, Comaills V, Prados I, Castro AM, Hammad S, Ybot-Gonzalez P, Bockamp E, Hengstler JG, Gottgens B, Sánchez MJ. Characterization of a Fetal Liver Cell Population Endowed with Long-Term Multiorgan Endothelial Reconstitution Potential. Stem Cells 2016; 35:507-521. [PMID: 27615355 PMCID: PMC5298023 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stable reconstitution of vascular endothelial beds upon transplantation of progenitor cells represents an important challenge due to the paucity and generally limited integration/expansion potential of most identified vascular related cell subsets. We previously showed that mouse fetal liver (FL) hemato/vascular cells from day 12 of gestation (E12), expressing the Stem Cell Leukaemia (SCL) gene enhancer transgene (SCL‐PLAP+ cells), had robust endothelial engraftment potential when transferred to the blood stream of newborns or adult conditioned recipients, compared to the scarce vascular contribution of adult bone marrow cells. However, the specific SCL‐PLAP+ hematopoietic or endothelial cell subset responsible for the long‐term reconstituting endothelial cell (LTR‐EC) activity and its confinement to FL developmental stages remained unknown. Using a busulfan‐treated newborn transplantation model, we show that LTR‐EC activity is restricted to the SCL‐PLAP+VE‐cadherin+CD45− cell population, devoid of hematopoietic reconstitution activity and largely composed by Lyve1+ endothelial‐committed cells. SCL‐PLAP+ Ve‐cadherin+CD45− cells contributed to the liver sinusoidal endothelium and also to the heart, kidney and lung microvasculature. LTR‐EC activity was detected at different stages of FL development, yet marginal activity was identified in the adult liver, revealing unknown functional differences between fetal and adult liver endothelial/endothelial progenitors. Importantly, the observations that expanding donor‐derived vascular grafts colocalize with proliferating hepatocyte‐like cells and participate in the systemic circulation, support their functional integration into young livers. These findings offer new insights into the engraftment, phonotypical, and developmental characterization of a novel endothelial/endothelial progenitor cell subtype with multiorgan LTR‐EC activity, potentially instrumental for the treatment/genetic correction of vascular diseases. Stem Cells2017;35:507–521
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cañete
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía (JA), Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valentine Comaills
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía (JA), Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Prados
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía (JA), Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana María Castro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía (JA), Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.,Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patricia Ybot-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bertie Gottgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research & Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge University, United Kingdom
| | - María José Sánchez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía (JA), Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Sevilla, Spain
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Silencing of hepatic fate-conversion factors induce tumorigenesis in reprogrammed hepatic progenitor-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:96. [PMID: 27460218 PMCID: PMC4962402 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have reported the direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts to hepatocyte-like cells with different degrees of maturation by expression of hepatic fate-conversion factors. Methods We have used a combination of lentiviral vectors expressing hepatic fate-conversion factors with Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc to convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts into hepatic cells. Results We have generated hepatic cells with progenitor-like features (iHepL cells). iHepL cells displayed basic hepatocyte functions but failed to perform functions characteristic of mature hepatocytes such as significant Cyp450 or urea cycle activities. iHepL cells expressed multiple hepatic-specific transcription factors and functional genes characteristic of immature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, as well as high levels of Foxl1, Cd24a, and Lgr5, specific markers of hepatic progenitor cells. When transplanted into partial hepatectomized and hepatic irradiated mice, they differentiated into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. However, iHepL cells formed malignant non-teratoma cell aggregations in one out of five engrafted livers and five out of five xenografts assays. All the cells in these tumors had silenced key hepatic fate-conversion factors, and lost hepatic features. Conclusions This study highlights the dangers of using pluripotency factors in reprogramming strategies when fate-conversion factors are silenced in vivo, and urges us to perform extensive tumorigenic tests in reprogrammed cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0349-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Chaudhari P, Tian L, Deshmukh A, Jang YY. Expression kinetics of hepatic progenitor markers in cellular models of human liver development recapitulating hepatocyte and biliary cell fate commitment. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1653-62. [PMID: 27390263 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216657901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitations of research using human embryos and the lack of a biological model of human liver development, the roles of the various markers associated with liver stem or progenitor cell potential in humans are largely speculative, and based on studies utilizing animal models and certain patient tissues. Human pluripotent stem cell-based in vitro multistage hepatic differentiation systems may serve as good surrogate models for mimicking normal human liver development, pathogenesis and injury/regeneration studies. Here, we describe the implications of various liver stem or progenitor cell markers and their bipotency (i.e. hepatocytic- and biliary-epithelial cell differentiation), based on the pluripotent stem cell-derived model of human liver development. Future studies using the human cellular model(s) of liver and biliary development will provide more human relevant biological and/or pathological roles of distinct markers expressed in heterogeneous liver stem/progenitor cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chaudhari
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA
| | - Lipeng Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA
| | - Abhijeet Deshmukh
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA
| | - Yoon-Young Jang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, USA
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Endo K, Hori T, Jobara K, Hata T, Tsuruyama T, Uemoto S. Pretransplant replacement of donor liver grafts with recipient Kupffer cells attenuates liver graft rejection in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:944-51. [PMID: 25532540 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Rejection of liver grafts is a difficult issue that has not been resolved. Preoperative replacement of liver cells in the graft with cells from the intended recipient may attenuate rejection. We investigated whether preoperative transplant of recipient bone marrow cells (BMCs) to the donor replaced liver allograft cells and attenuated rejection. METHODS We used a rat model of allogeneic liver transplant (LT) from Dark Agouti (DA) to Lewis (LEW) rats. In BMC group, DA rats received BMC transplants from LacZ-transgenic LEW rats at 1 week before LT. In the control group, DA rats received no preoperative treatment. We evaluated graft damage at 7 days after LT and the survival of the recipient rats. RESULTS Rats in the BMC group experienced prolonged survival that was abrogated by the administration of gadolinium chloride to donors at 24 h before LT. Serum concentrations of total bilirubin and hyaluronic acid on day 7 were significantly lower in the BMC group, and histopathological analyses revealed that rejection of the liver graft was attenuated. X-gal staining and immunohistostaining of the liver graft revealed that BMCs engrafted in the sinusoidal space differentiated into Kupffer cells. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative transplant of recipient BMCs to LT donors replaced donor Kupffer cells and attenuated post-LT rejection, indicating that this strategy may increase the success of LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Endo
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Fomin ME, Togarrati PP, Muench MO. Progress and challenges in the development of a cell-based therapy for hemophilia A. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1954-65. [PMID: 25297648 PMCID: PMC4388483 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemophilia A results from an insufficiency of factor VIII (FVIII). Although replacement therapy with plasma-derived or recombinant FVIII is a life-saving therapy for hemophilia A patients, such therapy is a life-long treatment rather than a cure for the disease. In this review, we discuss the possibilities, progress, and challenges that remain in the development of a cell-based cure for hemophilia A. The success of cell therapy depends on the type and availability of donor cells, the age of the host and method of transplantation, and the levels of engraftment and production of FVIII by the graft. Early therapy, possibly even prenatal transplantation, may yield the highest levels of engraftment by avoiding immunological rejection of the graft. Potential cell sources of FVIII include a specialized subset of endothelial cells known as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) present in the adult and fetal liver, or patient-specific endothelial cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells that have undergone gene editing to produce FVIII. Achieving sufficient engraftment of transplanted LSECs is one of the obstacles to successful cell therapy for hemophilia A. We discuss recent results from transplants performed in animals that show production of functional and clinically relevant levels of FVIII obtained from donor LSECs. Hence, the possibility of treating hemophilia A can be envisioned through persistent production of FVIII from transplanted donor cells derived from a number of potential cell sources or through creation of donor endothelial cells from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Fomin
- Cell Therapy Core, Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Padma Priya Togarrati
- Cell Therapy Core, Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marcus O. Muench
- Cell Therapy Core, Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Fomin ME, Zhou Y, Beyer AI, Publicover J, Baron JL, Muench MO. Production of factor VIII by human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells transplanted in immunodeficient uPA mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77255. [PMID: 24167566 PMCID: PMC3805584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) form a semi-permeable barrier between parenchymal hepatocytes and the blood. LSECs participate in liver metabolism, clearance of pathological agents, immunological responses, architectural maintenance of the liver and synthesis of growth factors and cytokines. LSECs also play an important role in coagulation through the synthesis of Factor VIII (FVIII). Herein, we phenotypically define human LSECs isolated from fetal liver using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Isolated LSECs were cultured and shown to express endothelial markers and markers specific for the LSEC lineage. LSECs were also shown to engraft the liver when human fetal liver cells were transplanted into immunodeficient mice with liver specific expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) transgene (uPA-NOG mice). Engrafted cells expressed human Factor VIII at levels approaching those found in human plasma. We also demonstrate engraftment of adult LSECs, as well as hepatocytes, transplanted into uPA-NOG mice. We propose that overexpression of uPA provides beneficial conditions for LSEC engraftment due to elevated expression of the angiogenic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor. This work provides a detailed characterization of human midgestation LSECs, thereby providing the means for their purification and culture based on their expression of CD14 and CD32 as well as a lack of CD45 expression. The uPA-NOG mouse is shown to be a permissive host for human LSECs and adult hepatocytes, but not fetal hepatoblasts. Thus, these mice provide a useful model system to study these cell types in vivo. Demonstration of human FVIII production by transplanted LSECs encourages further pursuit of LSEC transplantation as a cellular therapy for the treatment of hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E. Fomin
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yanchen Zhou
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ashley I. Beyer
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jean Publicover
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jody L. Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marcus O. Muench
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fu L, Kitamura T, Iwabuchi K, Ichinose S, Yanagida M, Ogawa H, Watanabe S, Maruyama T, Suyama M, Takamori K. Interplay of neuropilin-1 and semaphorin 3A after partial hepatectomy in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5034-41. [PMID: 23049211 PMCID: PMC3460329 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i36.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To elucidate the role of neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) and semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) in sinusoidal remodeling during liver regeneration in rats.
METHODS: Male Wistar/ST rats at 7 wk of age, weighing about 200 g, were used for all animal experiments. In vivo, at 24, 48, 72, 96, 144 and 192 h after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx), the remnant livers were removed. Liver tissues were immunohistochemically stained for Nrp-1, Sema3A and SE-1, a liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) marker. Total RNA of the liver tissue was extracted and reversely transcribed into cDNA. The mRNA expression of Sema3A was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and normalized to that of ribosomal protein S18. In vitro, SECs were isolated from rat liver and cultured in endothelial growth medium containing 20 ng/mL vascular endothelial cell growth factor. Migration of SECs in primary culture was assessed by cell transwell assay with or without recombinant Sema3A. Apoptotic cells were determined by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling method.
RESULTS: In vitro, immunohistochemistry study revealed that Sema3A and Nrp-1 were constitutively expressed in hepatocytes and SECs, respectively, in normal rat liver tissues. Nrp-1 expression in SECs was quantified by the percentage of immunostained area with anti-Nrp-1 antibody in relation to the area stained with SE-1. Between 24 h and 96 h following resection of liver, Nrp-1 expression in SECs was transiently increased. Compared with the baseline (5.2% ± 0.1%), Nrp-1 expression in SECs significantly increased at 24 h (17.3% ± 0.7%, P < 0.05), 48 h (39.1% ± 0.6%, P < 0.01), 72 h (46.9% ± 4.5%, P < 0.01) and 96 h (29.9% ± 3.8%, P < 0.01) after PHx, then returned to the basal level at termination of liver regeneration. Interestingly, the expression of Sema3A was inversely associated with that of Nrp-1 in liver after PHx. Sema3A mRNA expression was significantly reduced by about 75% over the period 24-144 h after PHx (P < 0.05), and returned to basal levels at 192 h after PHx. In vitro, SECs isolated from rats after PHx (PHx-SECs) were observed to migrate to the lower chamber of the cell transwell system after incubation for 24 h, but not cells from normal rats (CONT-SECs), indicating that mobility of PHx-SECs increases as compared with that of CONT-SECs. Moreover, recombinant Sema3A significantly attenuated migration in PHx-SECs in primary culture (vehicle-treated 100% ± 7.9% vs Sema3A-treated 42.6% ± 5.4%, P < 0.01), but not in CONT-SECs. Compared with CONT-SECs, the apoptotic rate of PHx-SECs decreased by 78.3% (P < 0.05). There was no difference in apoptosis between CONT-SECs that were treated with vehicle and Sema3A. However, in PHx-SECs, apoptosis was induced by the presence of 5 nmol Sema3A for 24 h (vehicle-treated 21.7% ± 7.6% vs Sema3A-treated 104.3% ± 8.9%, P < 0.05). In addition, immunohistochemistry confirmed the increased expression of Nrp-1 in PHx-SECs, while it was noted to a lesser extent in CONT-SECs.
CONCLUSION: The interplay of Nrp-1 and Sema3A shown in our results may lead to a better understanding of interaction between sinusoidal remodeling and SECs during liver regeneration.
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Wang L, Wang J, Zhou X, Li J, Shi Y, Han Z, Wang X, Li S, Yang Z, Wang R, Fan D, Han Y. CM2 antigen, a potential novel molecule participating in glucuronide transport on rat hepatocyte canalicular membrane. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e26. [PMID: 23027342 PMCID: PMC3493972 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The polarized molecules predominately distributing at hepatocyte canalicular surface play a vital role in disclosing the process of bile formation and etiopathogenisis of cholestatic live diseases. Therefore, it is important to find novel polarized molecules on hepatocyte canalicular membrane. In the present study, canalicular membrane vesicles (CMVs) isolated from rat hepatocyte by density gradient centrifugation were used as immunogens to produce hybridoma and 46 strains of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CMVs were obtained. With a series of morphological assay methods, including immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscope, the antigens recognized by canalicular mAb1 (CM1) and canalicular mAb2 (CM2) were confirmed to predominately distribute at hepatocyte canalicular membrane. Transport activity assay revealed that CM2 could inhibit ATP-dependent E217βG uptake of rat hepatocyte CMVs. Meanwhile, Western blotting analysis showed that the molecular mass of CM2 antigen was approximately 110kDa, which was much less than Mr 180kDa of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) involved in glucuronide transport. These data indicated that CM2 antigen might be a potential novel molecule participating in glucuronide transport on the hepatocyte canalicular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Division of Hepatology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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