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Alabdali A, Kzar M, Chinnappan S, R M, Khalivulla SI, H R, Abd Razik BM. Antioxidant activity of Curcumin. RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021:6741-6746. [DOI: 10.52711/0974-360x.2021.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, multiple drugs have been produced from traditional raw materials and recent pandemic disease COVID-19 once again research on this matter is being conducted to determine potential therapeutic purposes of different Ayurvedic Indian medicines and herbs. One such medicinal herb is Curcuma longa. Curcumin is strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiangiogenic, anti-carcinogenic, as shown by multiple in vitro and in vivo studies. The action of the growth factor receptors is inhibited by curcumin. The anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin is obtained on the cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, eicosanoids, and lipid mediators. The superoxide radicals, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, are sifted by curcumin, while lipid peroxidation is inhibited. Such properties of the compound thus form the foundation for its various therapeutic and pharmacological effects could also hold antiviral properties including COVID-19. The aim of this research is to summarize the updated pharmacological activities of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Alabdali
- The University of Mashreq, College of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Marwah Kzar
- The University of Mashreq, College of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sasikala Chinnappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur (South Wing), No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mogana R
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur (South Wing), No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur (South Wing), No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman H
- PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
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Atypical immunometabolism and metabolic reprogramming in liver cancer: Deciphering the role of gut microbiome. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 149:171-255. [PMID: 33579424 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Much recent research has delved into understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of HCC pathogenesis, which has revealed to be heterogenous and complex. Two major hallmarks of HCC include: (i) a hijacked immunometabolism and (ii) a reprogramming in metabolic processes. We posit that the gut microbiota is a third component in an entanglement triangle contributing to HCC progression. Besides metagenomic studies highlighting the diagnostic potential in the gut microbiota profile, recent research is pinpointing the gut microbiota as an instigator, not just a mere bystander, in HCC. In this chapter, we discuss mechanistic insights on atypical immunometabolism and metabolic reprogramming in HCC, including the examination of tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (e.g., T-cell exhaustion, regulatory T-cells, natural killer T-cells), the Warburg effect, rewiring of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and glutamine addiction. We further discuss the potential involvement of the gut microbiota in these characteristics of hepatocarcinogenesis. An immediate highlight is that microbiota metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids) can impair anti-tumor responses, which aggravates HCC. Lastly, we describe the rising 'new era' of immunotherapies (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell transfer) and discuss for the potential incorporation of gut microbiota targeted therapeutics (e.g., probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) to alleviate HCC. Altogether, this chapter invigorates for continuous research to decipher the role of gut microbiome in HCC from its influence on immunometabolism and metabolic reprogramming.
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van Sadelhoff JHJ, Wiertsema SP, Garssen J, Hogenkamp A. Free Amino Acids in Human Milk: A Potential Role for Glutamine and Glutamate in the Protection Against Neonatal Allergies and Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1007. [PMID: 32547547 PMCID: PMC7270293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is indicated to support neonatal immune development and to protect against neonatal infections and allergies. Human milk composition is widely studied in relation to these unique abilities, which has led to the identification of various immunomodulating components in human milk, including various bioactive proteins. In addition to proteins, human milk contains free amino acids (FAAs), which have not been well-studied. Of those, the FAAs glutamate and glutamine are by far the most abundant. Levels of these FAAs in human milk sharply increase during the first months of lactation, in contrast to most other FAAs. These unique dynamics are globally consistent, suggesting that their levels in human milk are tightly regulated throughout lactation and, consequently, that they might have specific roles in the developing neonate. Interestingly, free glutamine and glutamate are reported to exhibit immunomodulating capacities, indicating that these FAAs could contribute to neonatal immune development and to the unique protective effects of breastfeeding. This review describes the current understanding of the FAA composition in human milk. Moreover, it provides an overview of the effects of free glutamine and glutamate on immune parameters relevant for allergic sensitization and infections in early life. The data reviewed provide rationale to study the role of free glutamine and glutamate in human milk in the protection against neonatal allergies and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris H J van Sadelhoff
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Katasonov AB. [Curcumin as an ajuvant treatment of depression: mechanisms of action and application prospects]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:125-131. [PMID: 32307422 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120021125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural compound found in the rhizomes of turmeric, has a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. Rodent models of depression show that this activity is similar to the effect of antidepressants (AD). Experimental data indicate that this activity may be related to the effect of curcumin on the monoamine cycle, oxidative and nitrosative stress, neurogenesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, and immune systems. A number of meta-analyzes indicate the effectiveness of the combined use of curcumin with antidepressants in the treatment of depression. The mechanism of action of curcumin, as well as the prospects for its further use are considered.
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Perna S, Alalwan TA, Alaali Z, Alnashaba T, Gasparri C, Infantino V, Hammad L, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Rondanelli M. The Role of Glutamine in the Complex Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Health: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5232. [PMID: 31652531 PMCID: PMC6834172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific literature has demonstrated that glutamine is one of the main beneficial amino acids. It plays an important role in gut microbiota and immunity. This paper provides a critical overview of experimental studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical) investigating the efficacy of glutamine and its effect on gut microbiota. As a result of this review, we have summarized that glutamine could affect gut microbiota via different mechanisms including the reduction in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, with the activation of NF-κB and PI3K-Akt pathways, reducing the intestinal colonization (Eimeria lesions) and bacterial overgrowth or bacterial translocation, increasing the production of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and immunoglobulin A+ (IgA+) cells in the intestinal lumen, and decreasing asparagine levels. The potential applications of glutamine on gut microbiota include, but are not limited to, the management of obesity, bacterial translocation and community, cytokines profiles, and the management of side effects during post-chemotherapy and constipation periods. Further studies and reviews are needed regarding the effects of glutamine supplementation on other conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, 32038 Sakhir, Bahrain.
| | - Tariq A Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, 32038 Sakhir, Bahrain.
| | - Zahraa Alaali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, 32038 Sakhir, Bahrain.
| | - Tahera Alnashaba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, 32038 Sakhir, Bahrain.
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy.
| | - Layla Hammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, 32038 Sakhir, Bahrain.
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Pietro Allegrini
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy.
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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Celikkaya ME, Akcora B, Hakverdi S, Ozer B, Ulutas KT, Duran N. Effects of Probiotic Use on Bacterial Translocation in Created Rat Models with Biliary Obstructions. Eurasian J Med 2019; 51:106-111. [PMID: 31258347 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2019.18426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the combined use of probiotic strains on the development of bacterial translocation in addition to liver and intestinal tissue damage due to biliary obstruction in rats. Materials and Methods Here, 3 groups each consisting of 10 rats were created:group 1 (sham group), group 2 (obstructive jaundice), and group 3 (obstructive jaundice+probiotic). Groups 1 and 2 were given 1 cc physiological saline solution by oral gavage twice a day; group 3 was given a probiotic solution that included Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium, and Bifidobacterium longum microorganisms by oral gavage twice a day. Results Markers for liver damage were also found to be significantly improved (p<0.05) in the treatment group (group 3). When compared with groups 2 and 3 in terms of liver histology, damage was found to be significantly more severe in group 2 (p<0.01). With regard to ileal villous depth and ileal inflammation, the pathology was found to be significantly more severe in group 2 than that in group 3 (p<0.05). In blood, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node cultures, group 2 showed a microbiological growth rate of 33.8-58.8%, whereas group 3 showed a microbiological growth rate of 14.3-28.6%. This reduction was evaluated to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion Our study showed that the combined use of a probiotic in bile duct obstructions reduced bacterial translocation and alleviated pathological changes arising in the liver and terminal ileum histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Celikkaya
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University School of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Bulent Akcora
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University School of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Sibel Hakverdi
- Department of Pathology, Mustafa Kemal University School of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Burcin Ozer
- Department of Microbiology, Mustafa Kemal University School of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey
| | | | - Nizami Duran
- Department of Microbiology, Mustafa Kemal University School of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey
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Ren W, Wang K, Yin J, Chen S, Liu G, Tan B, Wu G, Bazer FW, Peng Y, Yin Y. Glutamine-Induced Secretion of Intestinal Secretory Immunoglobulin A: A Mechanistic Perspective. Front Immunol 2016; 7:503. [PMID: 27933057 PMCID: PMC5121228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is one important line of defense in the intestinal mucosal surface to protect the intestinal epithelium from enteric toxins and pathogenic microorganisms. Multiple factors, such as intestinal microbiota, intestinal cytokines, and nutrients are highly involved in production of SIgA in the intestine. Recently, glutamine has been shown to affect intestinal SIgA production; however, the underlying mechanism by which glutamine stimulates secretion of intestinal SIgA is unknown. Here, we review current knowledge regarding glutamine in intestinal immunity and show that glutamine-enhanced secretion of SIgA in the intestine may involve intestinal microbiota, intestinal antigen sampling and presentation, induction pathways for SIgA production by plasma cells (both T-dependent and T-independent pathway), and even transport of SIgA. Altogether, the glutamine-intestinal SIgA axis has broad therapeutic implications for intestinal SIgA-associated diseases, such as celiac disease, allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research (IAR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Jie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha , China
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha , China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX , USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX , USA
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Khorshidi Z, Sarvi Moghanlou K, Imani A, Behrouzi S. The Interactive Effect of Dietary Curcumin and Silver Nanoparticles on Gut Microbiota of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSACTION A-SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Resveratrol Protects Oxidative Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2522-34. [PMID: 27146412 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Obstructive jaundice (OJ) is frequently complicated by infections and has been associated with increased bacterial translocation, intestinal epithelial hyperpermeability, and oxidative stress, but the mechanism remains unclear. The potential effect of resveratrol (Res) on modifying intestinal epithelial dysfunction was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Caco-2 cells (in vitro) and male Wistar rats (n = 60; in vivo) were used to evaluate the role of Res on intestinal epithelial dysfunction. Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce oxidative stress in the Caco-2 cells. In bile duct-ligated group, OJ was successfully established on Day 7 after bile duct ligation, whereas sham-operated and vehicle-treated rats served as controls. Western blot and RT-qPCR were performed to analyze TJ proteins expression in epithelium isolated from rat intestine. RESULTS Intestinal hyperpermeability was associated with decreased expression and phosphorylation of occludin and zonula occluden (ZO-1), but increased oxidation in Caco-2 cells and the intestinal epithelium. Res treatment increased the epithelial expression and phosphorylation of occludin and ZO-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Res which protected Caco-2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage clearly reduced malondialdehyde level and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, but increased the expression levels of superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Further studies showed that Res also inhibited H2O2-induced protein kinase C activity and p38 phosphorylation. Interestingly, these effects of Res were abolished by the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin or knockdown of HO-1 by siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Res protected gut barrier function possibly by initiating HO-1-dependent signaling which is essential for common expression of key tight junction proteins. It also provides a rationale to develop Res clinical applications of intestinal disorders.
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Shu X, Zhang J, Wang Q, Xu Z, Yu T. Glutamine decreases intestinal mucosal injury in a rat model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion by downregulating HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokine expression. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1367-1372. [PMID: 27588057 PMCID: PMC4998012 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a common clinical pathophysiological process that is common in severe trauma, major surgery, and in post-resuscitation. Glutamine (Gln) reduces intestinal IR injury, however, its mechanism of action remains to be determined. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are mediators involved in the pathophysiology of intestinal IR injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Gln on the intestinal mucosa of HMGB1 expression following IR to determine whether Gln relieved intestinal IR injury in the intestinal mucosal barrier. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the present study. A model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery of the rats to cause ischemia, followed by restoring blood flow. The animals were randomly divided into the control (n=24) and the Gln (n=24) groups for the experiments. The two groups of rats were given enteral nutrition with equal heat, nitrogen (heat 125.4 kJ/kg/day, nitrogen 0.2 g/kg/day). The Gln group of rats was fed with enteral nutrition plus 3% Gln, while the control rats were fed with enteral nutrition plus 3% soybean protein. After 7 days, the HMGB1 and plasma levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1, Gln, D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase (DAO) were observed. The changes in the morphology of intestinal mucosa were observed using electron microscopy. The plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1, D-lactic acid and DAO, and the level of HMGB1, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1 in intestinal mucosa were significantly higher after IR (p<0.05), while the plasma level of Gln was lower in the two groups. In the control group, the plasma level of IL-1, TNF-α, DAO and D-lactic acid, and that of HMGB1, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1 in intestinal mucosa were significantly higher, while the plasma level of Gln was lower than that prior to modeling on the 3rd and 7th days of the experiment. In the Gln group, the plasma level of IL-1, TNF-α, DAO and D-lactic acid, and that of HMGB1, NF-κB, IL-1, and TNF-α in intestinal mucosa were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the control on the 3rd and 7th days of the experiment. By contrast, after the 7th day, the plasma level of IL-1, TNF-α, DAO and D-lactic acid, and the level of HMGB1, NF-κB, IL-1, TNF-α in intestinal mucosa were significantly lower in the Gln group, while the plasma level of Gln was significantly higher than those in control group and after IR on the 7th day of the experiment. Additionally, the structure of villi and recess was damaged, villi was sparse and short, and considerable inflammatory cell influx embellished the lamina propria, lymphangiectasia, and edema after IR. On the 7th day, compared to after IR, the intestinal villi and recess structure of the controls was significantly restored in the Gln group. In conclusion, Gln repaired the intestinal mucosal injury in IR by reducing the expression of HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines, and reducing the permeability of the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Qingxiu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zengguang Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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Kang K, Shu XL, Zhang YS, Liu XL, Zhao J. Effect of glutamine enriched nutrition support on surgical patients with gastrointestinal tumor: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:245-51. [PMID: 25591570 PMCID: PMC4837846 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.149219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Associations between glutamine (Gln) enriched nutrition support and surgical patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tumor remain controversy. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of Gln enriched nutrition support on surgical patients with GI tumor in term of relevant biochemical indices, immune indices, and clinical outcomes. Methods: Six databases were systematically searched to find eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 1966 to May 2014. When estimated the analysis indexes, the relative risk (RR) was used as the effect size of the categorical variable, while the weighted mean difference (MD) was used as the effect size of a continuous variable. Meta-analysis was conducted with Rev Man 5.2. Results: Thirteen RCTs, involving 1034 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed that Gln enriched nutrition support was more effective in increasing serum albumin (MD: 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.18; P < 0.05), serum prealbumin (MD: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.40–2.55; P < 0.05) and serum transferring (MD: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.12–0.57; P < 0.05), concentration of IgG (MD: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.90–1.63; P < 0.05), IgM (MD: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.11–0.25; P < 0.05), IgA (MD: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.10–0.33; P < 0.05), CD3+ (MD: 3.71; 95% CI: 2.57–4.85; P < 0.05) and CD4/CD8 ratio (MD: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12–0.42; P < 0.05). Meanwhile, it was more significant in decreasing the incidence of infectious complications (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.50–0.90; P < 0.05) and shortening the length of hospital stay (MD: −1.72; 95% CI: −3.31–−0.13; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Glutamine enriched nutrition support was superior in improving immune function, reducing the incidence of infectious complications and shortening the length of hospital stay, playing an important role in the rehabilitation of surgical GI cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Liang Shu
- Department of Nutrition, East Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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Wang W, Chen SW, Zhu J, Zuo S, Ma YY, Chen ZY, Zhang JL, Chen GW, Liu YC, Wang PY. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase inhibits the translocation of bacteria of gut-origin in mice with peritonitis: mechanism of action. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124835. [PMID: 25946026 PMCID: PMC4422672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), an enzyme produced endogenously at the brush edge of the intestinal mucosa, may mitigate the increase in aberrant intestinal permeability increased during sepsis. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of the inhibitory effect of IAP on acute intestinal inflammation and to study the molecular mechanisms underlying IAP in ameliorating intestinal permeability. We used an in vivo imaging method to evaluate disease status and the curative effect of IAP. Two Escherichia coli (E.coli) B21 strains, carrying EGFP labeled enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and RFP labeled red fluorescent protein (RFP), were constructed as tracer bacteria and were administered orally to C57/B6N mice to generate an injection peritonitis (IP) model. The IP model was established by injecting inflammatory lavage fluid. C57/B6N mice bearing the tracer bacteria were subsequently treated with (IP+IAP group), or without IAP (IP group). IAP was administered to the mice via tail vein injections. The amount of tracer bacteria in the blood, liver, and lungs at 24 h post-injection was analyzed via flow cytometry (FCM), in vivo imaging, and Western blotting. Intestinal barrier function was measured using a flux assay with the macro-molecule fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, molecular weight 40kD, (FD40). To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of IAP, we examined the levels of ERK phosphorylation, and the expression levels of proteins in the ERK-SP1-VEGF and ERK-Cdx-2-Claudin-2 pathways. We observed that IAP inhibited the expression of Claudin-2, a type of cation channel-forming protein, and VEGF, a cytokine that may increase intestinal permeability by reducing the levels of dephosphorylated ERK. In conclusion, exogenous IAP shows a therapeutic effect in an injection peritonitis model. This including inhibition of bacterial translocation. Moreover, we have established an imaging methodology for live-animals can effectively evaluate intestinal permeability and aberrant bacterial translocation in IP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zuo
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Experimental Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ling Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Cun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Hou HT, Jiang HQ, Qiu YM. Protective effect of curcumin on intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with obstructive jaundice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1068-1075. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i7.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective action of curcumin on small intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with obstructive jaundice.
METHODS: Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operated group (SO), an obstructive jaundice group (OJ) and a curcumin treatment group (Cur). Using a light microscope, small intestinal tissue morphological changes were observed, the intestinal villus height and mucosal thickness were measured, the levels of plasma endotoxin were determined by limulus reagent method, the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by radioimmunoassay, intestinal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity was determined by spectrophotometric method, and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was detected by immunohistochemical method.
RESULTS: In the OJ group, intestinal villi were disordered, sparse and showed fracture and edema, and intestinal mucosal atrophy, epithelial cell necrosis and shedding, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed. Intestinal mucosal changes in the Cur group were significantly reduced compared with the OJ group: intestinal villi were neatly arranged, intestinal mucosa was thickened, villous edema was mild, there was no obvious epithelial cell loss, and inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced. Compared with the SO group, the levels of endotoxin, TNF-α and IL-6 in the OJ group were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the intestinal DAO activity, intestinal villus height and mucosal thickness were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the OJ group, the levels of endotoxin, TNF-α and IL-6 in the Cur group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or 0.01), and the intestinal DAO activity, intestinal villus height and mucosal thickness were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the SO group, the expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in the OJ group was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01); however, the expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in the Cur group was significantly down-regulated compared with the OJ group (P < 0.05 or 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Curcumin protects against intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rats with obstructive jaundice possibly by inhibiting expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6 and ICAM-1.
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Alecrim HM, Duarte SAC, Amaral MEB, Diógenis F, Carneiro FP, Sousa JBD. Effect of glutamine supplementation on left colon healing in rats with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:73-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502015001000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wang C, Xu Y, Lu X. Should preoperative biliary drainage be routinely performed for obstructive jaundice with resectable tumor? Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2014; 2:266-71. [PMID: 24570957 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2013.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive jaundice is a common clinical manifestation of malignant lesions adjacent to extrahepatic bile duct, ampulla or pancreatic head. Animal experiments and some clinical observations have demonstrated that preoperative biliary drainage could improve liver function as well as reduce endotoxemia, thereby reducing the incidence of perioperative complications. However, a number of randomized, controlled studies have found that preoperative biliary drainage failed to improve prognosis or reduce the incidence of perioperative complications; in contrast, it might increase the incidence of complications and cause extra financial burden on patients. Thus, whether preoperative biliary drainage should be performed or not is controversial. Since clinical randomized controlled studies are more relevant in clinical setting, we believe that preoperative biliary drainage should not be routinely performed for obstructive jaundice with resectable tumors. More randomized, controlled, prospective studies should be conducted for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yiyao Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100730, China
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Chen A, Haddad F, Lachiewicz P, Bolognesi M, Cortes LE, Franceschini M, Gallo J, Glynn A, Gonzalez Della Valle A, Gahramanov A, Khatod M, Lazarinis S, Lob G, Nana A, Ochsner P, Tuncay I, Winkler T, Zeng Y. Prevention of late PJI. J Arthroplasty 2014; 29:119-28. [PMID: 24370487 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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17
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Finelli C, Tarantino G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diet and gut microbiota. EXCLI JOURNAL 2014; 13:461-90. [PMID: 26417275 PMCID: PMC4464355 DOI: pmid/26417275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a severe liver disease that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity and its related insulin-resistance state. Evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in energy storage and the subsequent development of obesity and some of its related diseases is now well established. More recently, a new role of gut microbiota has emerged in NAFLD. The gut microbiota is involved in gut permeability, low-grade inflammation and immune balance, it modulates dietary choline metabolism, regulates bile acid metabolism and produces endogenous ethanol. All of these factors are molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota can induce NAFLD or its progression toward overt non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Modification of the gut microbiota composition and/or its biochemical capacity by specific dietary or pharmacological interventions may advantageously affect host metabolism. Large-scale intervention trials, investigating the potential benefit of prebiotics and probiotics in improving cardiometabolic health in high-risk populations, are fervently awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Finelli
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Foundation G. Pascale" -IRCS- 83013 Mercogliano (Av), Italy
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Giovanni Tarantino, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy, E-mail:
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Chen A, Haddad F, Lachiewicz P, Bolognesi M, Cortes LE, Franceschini M, Gallo J, Glynn A, Della Valle AG, Gahramanov A, Khatod M, Lazarinis S, Lob G, Nana A, Ochsner P, Tuncay I, Winkler T, Zeng Y. Prevention of late PJI. J Orthop Res 2014; 32 Suppl 1:S158-71. [PMID: 24464891 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Hatipoğlu AR, Oğuz S, Gürcan S, Yalta T, Albayrak D, Erenoğlu C, Sağıroğlu T, Sezer YA. Combined effects of tauroursodeoxycholic Acid and glutamine on bacterial translocation in obstructive jaundiced rats:. Balkan Med J 2013; 30:362-8. [PMID: 25207142 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.7785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial Translocation is believed to be an important factor on mortality and morbidity in Obstructive Jaundiced. AIMS We investigated the probable or estimated positive effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which has antibacterial and regulatory effects on intestinal flora, together with glutamine on BT in an experimental obstructive jaundiced rat model. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS Forty adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Animals were randomised and divided into five groups of eight each: sham (Sh); control (common bile duct ligation, CBDL); and supplementation groups administered tauroursodeoxycholic acid (CBDL+T), glutamine (CBDL+G), or tauroursodeoxycholic acid plus glutamine (CBDL+TG). Blood and liver, spleen, MLN, and ileal samples were taken via laparotomy under sterile conditions for investigation of bacterial translocation and intestinal mucosal integrity and hepatic function tests on the tenth postoperative day. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in BT rates in all samples except the spleen of the CBDL+TG group compared with the CBDL group (p=0.041, p=0.026, and p=0.041, respectively). CONCLUSION It is essential to protect hepatic functions besides maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity in the active struggle against BT occurring in obstructive jaundice. The positive effect on intestinal mucosal integrity can be increased if glutamine is used with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which also has hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Rahmi Hatipoğlu
- Department of General Surgery, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Serhat Oğuz
- Department of General Surgery, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Saban Gürcan
- Department of Microbiology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Tülin Yalta
- Department of Pathology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Doğan Albayrak
- Department of General Surgery, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Erenoğlu
- Department of General Surgery, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Tamer Sağıroğlu
- Department of General Surgery, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Atakan Sezer
- Department of General Surgery, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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Lopresti AL, Hood SD, Drummond PD. Multiple antidepressant potential modes of action of curcumin: a review of its anti-inflammatory, monoaminergic, antioxidant, immune-modulating and neuroprotective effects. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26:1512-24. [PMID: 23035031 DOI: 10.1177/0269881112458732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric and has attracted increasing attention for the treatment of a range of conditions. Research into its potential as a treatment for depression is still in its infancy, although several potential antidepressant mechanisms of action have been identified. Research completed to date on the multiple effects of curcumin is reviewed in this paper, with a specific emphasis on the biological systems that are compromised in depression. The antidepressant effects of curcumin in animal models of depression are summarised, and its influence on neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine is detailed. The effects of curcumin in moderating hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal disturbances, lowering inflammation and protecting against oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, neuroprogression and intestinal hyperpermeability, all of which are compromised in major depressive disorder, are also summarised. With increasing interest in natural treatments for depression, and efforts to enhance current treatment outcomes, curcumin is presented as a promising novel, adjunctive or stand-alone natural antidepressant.
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Aydın S, Tokaç M, Taner G, Arıkök AT, Dündar HZ, Ozkardeş AB, Taşlıpınar MY, Kılıç M, Başaran AA, Başaran N. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of lycopene in obstructive jaundice. J Surg Res 2012; 182:285-95. [PMID: 23154037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive jaundice, a frequently observed condition caused by obstruction of the common bile duct or its flow and seen in many clinical situations, may end up with serious complications like sepsis, immune depression, coagulopathy, wound breakdown, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hepatic and renal failures. Intrahepatic accumulation of reactive oxygen species is thought to be an important cause for the possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis of cholestatic tissue injury from jaundice. Carotenoids have been well described that are able to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Lycopene, a carotenoid present in tomatoes, tomato products, and several fruits and vegetables, have been suggested to have antioxidant activity, so may play a role in certain diseases related to the oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of lycopene on oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by experimental biliary obstruction in Wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Daily doses of 100 mg/kg lycopene were given to the bile duct-ligation (BDL) rats orally for 14 days. DNA damage was evaluated by an alkaline comet assay. The levels of aspartate transferase, amino alanine transferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and direct bilirubin were analyzed in plasma for the determination of liver functions. The levels of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S transferase were determined in the liver and kidney tissues. Pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha level was determined in the liver tissues. Histologic examinations of the liver and kidney tissues were also performed. RESULTS According to this study, lycopene significantly recovered the parameters of liver functions in plasma, reduced malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, enhanced reduced glutathione levels, as well as enhancing all antioxidant enzyme activity in all tissues obtained from the BDL group. Moreover, the parameters of DNA damage in the liver and kidney tissue cells, whole blood cells, and lymphocytes were significantly lower in the lycopene-treated BDL group, compared with the BDL group. CONCLUSIONS Lycopene significantly reduced the DNA damage, and markedly recovered the liver and kidney tissue injuries seen in rats with obstructive jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Aydın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Elipek T, Utkan NZ. Effects on bacterial translocation of high-fat enteral nutrition in bile duct ligated rats. Balkan Med J 2012; 29:301-5. [PMID: 25207019 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial Translocation (BT) from the gastrointestinal system is at the center of current sepsis theories. In patients with obstructive jaundice, the absence of intraluminal bile flow causes some alterations and mucosal damage in the gut. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects on BT of high-fat enteral nutrition in bile duct ligated rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, a total of 28 healthy Spraque-Dawley rats, weighing 230-300 gr, were grouped into four as sham group, control group, high-fat enteral nutrition group and low-fat enteral nutrition group. The rats in all the groups were sacrificed on the seventh postoperative day The values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total and direct bilirubin were measured for biochemical evaluation. Also, samples were taken from the blood, lung, liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes for microbiological evaluation. The results were calculated as CFU/gr and evaluated statistically. RESULTS In all bile duct ligated rats, all findings of obstructive jaundice were observed clinically (in postoperatively third day) and in the laboratory. It was determined that the lymphatic system is an essential pathway for BT, as reported by similar studies. However, it was observed in this study that the high-fat enteral nutrition may be not severely effective in reducing BT in bile duct ligated rats. The results were supported by statistical analyses. CONCLUSION It was observed that high-fat enteral nutrition has no meaningful effects on reducing BT in bile duct ligated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Elipek
- Department of General Surgery, Edirne State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Nihat Zafer Utkan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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