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Condon A, Muthusamy VR. The evolution of endoscopic therapy for Barrett's esophagus. Ther Adv Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 14:26317745211051834. [PMID: 34708204 PMCID: PMC8543722 DOI: 10.1177/26317745211051834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett’s esophagus is the condition in which a metaplastic columnar epithelium
replaces the stratified squamous epithelium that normally lines the distal
esophagus. The condition develops as a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal
reflux disease and predisposes the patient to the development of esophageal
adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus have
undergone dramatic changes over the years and continue to evolve today.
Endoscopic eradication therapy has revolutionized the management of dysplastic
Barrett’s esophagus and early esophageal adenocarcinoma by significantly
reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with the prior gold standard of
therapy, esophagectomy. The purpose of this review is to highlight current
principles in the management and endoscopic treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwinee Condon
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V Raman Muthusamy
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Room 330-37, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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2
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Amano Y, Ishimura N, Ishihara S. Is Malignant Potential of Barrett's Esophagus Predictable by Endoscopy Findings? Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E244. [PMID: 33081277 PMCID: PMC7602941 DOI: 10.3390/life10100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that endoscopic findings can be used to predict the potential of neoplastic progression in Barrett's esophagus (BE) cases, the detection rate of dysplastic Barrett's lesions may become higher even in laborious endoscopic surveillance because a special attention is consequently paid. However, endoscopic findings for effective detection of the risk of neoplastic progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have not been confirmed, though some typical appearances are suggestive. In the present review, endoscopic findings that can be used predict malignant potential to EAC in BE cases are discussed. Conventional results obtained with white light endoscopy, such as length of BE, presence of esophagitis, ulceration, hiatal hernia, and nodularity, are used as indicators of a higher risk of neoplastic progression. However, there are controversies in some of those findings. Absence of palisade vessels may be also a new candidate predictor, as that reveals degree of intense inflammation and of cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression with accelerated cellular proliferation. Furthermore, an open type of mucosal pattern and enriched stromal blood vessels, which can be observed by image-enhanced endoscopy, including narrow band imaging, have been confirmed as factors useful for prediction of neoplastic progression of BE because they indicate more frequent cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression along with accelerated cellular proliferation. Should the malignant potential of BE be shown predictable by these endoscopic findings, that would simplify methods used for an effective surveillance, because patients requiring careful monitoring would be more easily identified. Development in the near future of a comprehensive scoring system for BE based on clinical factors, biomarkers and endoscopic predictors is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Amano
- Department of Endoscopy, New Tokyo Hospital, 1271 Wanagaya, Matsudo, Chiba 270-2232, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ishimura
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (N.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (N.I.); (S.I.)
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3
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Ivashkin VT, Maev IV, Trukhmanov AS, Lapina TL, Storonova OA, Zayratyants OV, Dronova OB, Kucheryavyy YA, Pirogov SS, Sayfutdinov RG, Uspenskiy YP, Sheptulin AA, Andreev DN, Rumyantseva DE. Recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association in Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2020; 30:70-97. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-70-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- V. T. Ivashkin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - I. V. Maev
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - A. S. Trukhmanov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - T. L. Lapina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. A. Storonova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | | | - S. S. Pirogov
- Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Center — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center
| | - R. G. Sayfutdinov
- Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | | | - A. A. Sheptulin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - D. E. Rumyantseva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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4
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Coste A, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS, Entenberg D. Intravital Imaging Techniques for Biomedical and Clinical Research. Cytometry A 2020; 97:448-457. [PMID: 31889408 PMCID: PMC7210060 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging, the direct visualization of cells and tissues within a living animal, is a technique that has been employed for the better part of a century. The advent of confocal and multiphoton microscopy has dramatically improved the power of intravital imaging, making it possible to obtain optical sections of tissues non-destructively. This review discusses the various techniques used for intravital imaging, describes how intravital imaging provides information about cellular and tissue dynamics not possible to be garnered by other techniques, and details several ways in which intravital imaging is making a direct impact on the clinical care of patients. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouchka Coste
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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5
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L-Glucose: Another Path to Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040850. [PMID: 32244695 PMCID: PMC7225996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous tumors comprise cells showing metabolic heterogeneity. Among numerous efforts to understand this property, little attention has been paid to the possibility that cancer cells take up and utilize otherwise unusable substrates as fuel. Here we discuss this issue by focusing on l-glucose, the mirror image isomer of naturally occurring d-glucose; l-glucose is an unmetabolizable sugar except in some bacteria. By combining relatively small fluorophores with l-glucose, we generated fluorescence-emitting l-glucose tracers (fLGs). To our surprise, 2-NBDLG, one of these fLGs, which we thought to be merely a control substrate for the fluorescent d-glucose tracer 2-NBDG, was specifically taken up into tumor cell aggregates (spheroids) that exhibited nuclear heterogeneity, a major cytological feature of malignancy in cancer diagnosis. Changes in mitochondrial activity were also associated with the spheroids taking up fLG. To better understand these phenomena, we review here the Warburg effect as well as key studies regarding glucose uptake. We also discuss tumor heterogeneity involving aberrant uptake of glucose and mitochondrial changes based on the data obtained by fLG. We then consider the use of fLGs as novel markers for visualization and characterization of malignant tumor cells.
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Dobbs JL, Shin D, Krishnamurthy S, Kuerer H, Yang W, Richards-Kortum R. Confocal fluorescence microscopy to evaluate changes in adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment associated with invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1140-9. [PMID: 27116366 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ that provides endocrine, inflammatory and angiogenic factors, which can assist breast carcinoma cells with invasion and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that adipocytes adjacent to carcinoma, known as cancer-associated adipocytes, undergo extensive changes that correspond to an "activated phenotype," such as reduced size relative to adipocytes in non-neoplastic breast tissue. Optical imaging provides a tool that can be used to characterize adipocyte morphology and other features of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we used confocal fluorescence microscopy to acquire images of freshly excised breast tissue stained topically with proflavine. We developed a computerized algorithm to identify and quantitatively measure phenotypic properties of adipocytes located adjacent to and far from normal collagen, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma. Adipocytes were measured in confocal fluorescence images of fresh breast tissue collected from 22 patients. Results show that adipocytes adjacent to neoplastic tissue margins have significantly smaller area compared to adipocytes far from the margins of neoplastic lesions and compared to adipocytes adjacent to non-neoplastic collagenous stroma. These findings suggest that confocal microscopic images can be utilized to evaluate phenotypic properties of adipocytes in breast stroma which may be useful in defining alterations in microenvironment that may aid in the development and progression of neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongsuk Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | | | - Henry Kuerer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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7
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Dobbs JL, Mueller JL, Krishnamurthy S, Shin D, Kuerer H, Yang W, Ramanujam N, Richards-Kortum R. Micro-anatomical quantitative optical imaging: toward automated assessment of breast tissues. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:105. [PMID: 26290094 PMCID: PMC4545917 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathologists currently diagnose breast lesions through histologic assessment, which requires fixation and tissue preparation. The diagnostic criteria used to classify breast lesions are qualitative and subjective, and inter-observer discordance has been shown to be a significant challenge in the diagnosis of selected breast lesions, particularly for borderline proliferative lesions. Thus, there is an opportunity to develop tools to rapidly visualize and quantitatively interpret breast tissue morphology for a variety of clinical applications. METHODS Toward this end, we acquired images of freshly excised breast tissue specimens from a total of 34 patients using confocal fluorescence microscopy and proflavine as a topical stain. We developed computerized algorithms to segment and quantify nuclear and ductal parameters that characterize breast architectural features. A total of 33 parameters were evaluated and used as input to develop a decision tree model to classify benign and malignant breast tissue. Benign features were classified in tissue specimens acquired from 30 patients and malignant features were classified in specimens from 22 patients. RESULTS The decision tree model that achieved the highest accuracy for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast features used the following parameters: standard deviation of inter-nuclear distance and number of duct lumens. The model achieved 81 % sensitivity and 93 % specificity, corresponding to an area under the curve of 0.93 and an overall accuracy of 90 %. The model classified IDC and DCIS with 92 % and 96 % accuracy, respectively. The cross-validated model achieved 75 % sensitivity and 93 % specificity and an overall accuracy of 88 %. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that proflavine staining and confocal fluorescence microscopy combined with image analysis strategies to segment morphological features could potentially be used to quantitatively diagnose freshly obtained breast tissue at the point of care without the need for tissue preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Dobbs
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, BRC 502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jenna L Mueller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Room 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1350, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Dongsuk Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, BRC 502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Henry Kuerer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 0444, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1350, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Room 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Rebecca Richards-Kortum
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, BRC 502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is present in up to 5.6% of the US population and is the precursor lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Surveillance endoscopy is the primary management approach for BE. However, standard protocol biopsies have been associated with significant miss rates of dysplastic lesions in patients with BE. Thus, a variety of methods to optimize the imaging of BE have been developed to improve the efficiency and diagnostic yield of surveillance endoscopy in detecting early neoplasia. These techniques use changes that occur at macroscopic, microscopic, and subcellular levels in early neoplasia and are the focus of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raman Muthusamy
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Room 330-37, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Stephen Kim
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Room 330-37, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael B Wallace
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo School of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Sun J, Shalaev MI, Litchinitser NM. Experimental demonstration of a non-resonant hyperlens in the visible spectral range. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7201. [PMID: 25998241 PMCID: PMC4455119 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A metamaterial hyperlens offers a solution to overcome the diffraction limit by transforming evanescent waves responsible for imaging subwavelength features of an object into propagating waves. However, the first realizations of optical hyperlenses were limited by significant resonance-induced losses. Here we report the experimental demonstration of a non-resonant waveguide-coupled hyperlens operating in the visible wavelength range. A detailed investigation of various materials systems proves that a radial fan-shaped configuration is superior to the concentric layer-based configuration in that it relies on non-resonant negative dielectric response, and, as a result, enables low-loss performance in the visible range. Metamaterial hyperlenses convert evanescent waves into propagating ones, thereby beating the diffraction limit. Sun et al. present a non-resonant waveguide-integrated hyperlens designed around a radial fan structure that provides imaging at visible wavelengths with low losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Mikhail I Shalaev
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Natalia M Litchinitser
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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10
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Kumagai Y, Kawada K, Higashi M, Ishiguro T, Sobajima J, Fukuchi M, Ishibashi K, Baba H, Mochiki E, Aida J, Kawano T, Ishida H, Takubo K. Endocytoscopic observation of various esophageal lesions at ×600: can nuclear abnormality be recognized? Dis Esophagus 2015; 28:269-75. [PMID: 24467464 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endocytoscopy (ECS) is a novel endoscopic technique that allows detailed diagnostic examination of the gastrointestinal tract at the cellular level. We previously reported that use of ECS at ×380 magnification (GIF-Y0002) allowed a pathologist to diagnose esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with high sensitivity (94.9%) but considerably low specificity (46.7%) because this low magnification did not reveal information about nuclear abnormality. In the present study, we used the same magnifying endoscope to observe various esophageal lesions, but employed digital 1.6-fold magnification to achieve an effective magnification of ×600, and evaluated whether this improved the diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions.We examined the morphology of surface cells using vital staining with toluidine blue and compared the histological features of 40 cases, including 19 case of ESCC and 21 non-neoplastic esophageal lesions (18 cases of esophagitis, 1 case of glycogenic acanthosis, 1 case of leiomyoma, and 1 case of normal squamous epithelium). One endoscopist classified the lesions using the type classification, and we consulted one pathologist for judgment of the ECS images as 'neoplastic', 'borderline', or 'non-neoplastic'. At ×600 magnification, the pathologist confirmed that nuclear abnormality became evident, in addition to the information about nuclear density provided by observation at ×380. The overall sensitivity and specificity with which the endoscopist was able to predict neoplastic lesions using the type classification was 100% (19/19) and 90.5% (19/21), respectively, in comparison with values of 94.7% (18/19 cases) and 76.2% (16/21), respectively, for the pathologist using a magnification of ×600. The pathologist diagnosed two non-neoplastic lesions and one case of ESCC showing an apparent increase of nuclear density with weak nuclear abnormality as 'borderline'. Among the 21 non-cancerous lesions, two cases of esophagitis that were misdiagnosed by the endoscopist were also misinterpreted as 'neoplastic' by the pathologist. We have shown, by consultation with a pathologist, that an ECS magnification of ×600 (on a 19-inch monitor) is adequate for recognition of nuclear abnormality. We consider that it is feasible to diagnose esophageal neoplasms on the basis of ECS images, and that biopsy histology can be omitted if a combination of increased nuclear density and nuclear abnormality is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kumagai
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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11
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Mallia RJ, McVeigh PZ, Fisher CJ, Veilleux I, Wilson BC. Wide-field multiplexed imaging of EGFR-targeted cancers using topical application of NIR SERS nanoprobes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 10:89-101. [PMID: 25046405 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM As the possibilities of molecular imaging in personalized medicine evolve rapidly, the optical advantages of extremely narrow and intense spectral bands makes surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) an appealing candidate for multiplexed recognition of targeted biomarkers over other optical imaging modalities. MATERIALS & METHODS In this proof-of-concept study, we report wide-field Raman detection of lung cancer using multimodal SERS nanoprobes specific to the EGF receptor family, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS For the first time, we demonstrate wide-field multiplexed Raman imaging for cancer detection in vivo after topical application of a 'cocktail' of SERS nanoprobes. CONCLUSION This advancement represents a key step towards sensitive wide-field Raman endoscopic imaging of multiple biomarkers for early and accurate diagnosis of EGF receptor-expressing tumors of different internal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupananda J Mallia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Goda K, Kato T, Tajiri H. Endoscopic diagnosis of early Barrett's neoplasia: perspectives for advanced endoscopic technology. Dig Endosc 2014; 26:311-21. [PMID: 24754238 DOI: 10.1111/den.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a metaplastic condition that occurs secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease. BE is also a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma, which, although still rare in Japan, is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in Western countries. However, the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease has increased significantly over the past few decades in Japan, possibly leading to an incremental rise in BE and the associated inherent risk of adenocarcinoma. Given the poor prognosis of advanced-stage Barrett's adenocarcinoma, endoscopic surveillance is recommended for subjects with BE to detect early neoplasias including dysplasia. However, endoscopic identification of dysplastic lesions is still not sufficiently reliable or subjective, making targeted therapy extremely difficult. Over the past few years, improvements in image resolution, image processing software, and optical filter technology have enabled identification of dysplasia and early cancer in BE patients. We retrieved as many studies on advanced endoscopic technologies in BE as possible from MEDLINE and PubMed. The present review focuses on the emergent clinically available technologies to provide an overview of the technologies, their practical applicability, current status, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Goda
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Hellebust A, Rosbach K, Wu JK, Nguyen J, Gillenwater A, Vigneswaran N, Richards-Kortum R. Vital-dye-enhanced multimodal imaging of neoplastic progression in a mouse model of oral carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:126017. [PMID: 24362926 PMCID: PMC3869894 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.12.126017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this longitudinal study, a mouse model of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide chemically induced tongue carcinogenesis was used to assess the ability of optical imaging with exogenous and endogenous contrast to detect neoplastic lesions in a heterogeneous mucosal surface. Widefield autofluorescence and fluorescence images of intact 2-NBDG-stained and proflavine-stained tissues were acquired at multiple time points in the carcinogenesis process. Confocal fluorescence images of transverse fresh tissue slices from the same specimens were acquired to investigate how changes in tissue microarchitecture affect widefield fluorescence images of intact tissue. Widefield images were analyzed to develop and evaluate an algorithm to delineate areas of dysplasia and cancer. A classification algorithm for the presence of neoplasia based on the mean fluorescence intensity of 2-NBDG staining and the standard deviation of the fluorescence intensity of proflavine staining was found to separate moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, and cancer from non-neoplastic regions of interest with 91% sensitivity and specificity. Results suggest this combination of noninvasive optical imaging modalities can be used in vivo to discriminate non-neoplastic from neoplastic tissue in this model with the potential to translate this technology to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hellebust
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, MS-142, Texas 77005
| | - Kelsey Rosbach
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, MS-142, Texas 77005
| | - Jessica Keren Wu
- University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, 7500 Cambridge Street, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Jennifer Nguyen
- University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, 7500 Cambridge Street, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Ann Gillenwater
- University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 441, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, 7500 Cambridge Street, Houston, Texas 77054
| | - Rebecca Richards-Kortum
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, MS-142, Texas 77005
- Address all correspondence to: Rebecca Richards-Kortum, E-mail:
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14
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Masilamani V, Das BB, Secor J, AlSalhi M, Devanesan S, Prasad S, Rabah D, Alfano RR. Optical Biopsy of Benign and Malignant Tissue by Time Resolved Spectroscopy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2013; 12:559-63. [DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological condition of malignant tissue could be analyzed by spectral domain or time domain spectroscopy, the two being the complementary to each other in optical biopsy (OB) of cancer. This paper reports results of time resolved emission spectroscopy (TRS) of 24 excised tissue samples of breast and prostate (normal control = 12; benign = 4; malignant = 8), employing a 390 nm, 100 fs, Ti-Sapphire laser pulses. The fluorescence decay times were measured using streak camera and the resultant data were fitted for single and bi-exponential decays with reliability of 97%. Our results show the distinct difference between normal, benign and malignant tissues mostly due to the emission spectra of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH), Flavin Mononucleotide (FAD) and also due to the heterogeneity of micro environments associated with the diseased tissues. In this short report, fit is also shown that TRS of breast tissues are similar to those of prostate tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Masilamani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - B. B. Das
- Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut
| | - J. Secor
- Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, IUSL, CUNY, New York, USA
| | - M. AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - S. Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - S. Prasad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - D. Rabah
- Princess Johara Al-Ibrahim Center for Cancer Research, KKUH, Riyadh, KSA
| | - R. R. Alfano
- Institute of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, IUSL, CUNY, New York, USA
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15
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Abstract
The key to detection and treatment of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE) is thorough and careful inspection of the Barrett's segment. The greatest role for red flag techniques is to help identify neoplastic lesions for targeted biopsy and therapy. High-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) can potentially improve endoscopic imaging of BE compared with standard endoscopy, but little scientific evidence supports this. The addition of autofluorescence imaging to HD-WLE and narrow band imaging increases sensitivity and the false-positive rate without significantly improving overall detection of BE-related neoplasia.
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Carns J, Keahey P, Quang T, Anandasabapathy S, Richards-Kortum R. Optical molecular imaging in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2013; 23:707-23. [PMID: 23735112 PMCID: PMC3746803 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in optical molecular imaging allow for real-time identification of morphologic and biochemical changes in tissue associated with gastrointestinal neoplasia. This review summarizes widefield and high-resolution imaging modalities in preclinical and clinical evaluation for the detection of colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer. Widefield techniques discussed include high-definition white light endoscopy, narrow band imaging, autofluoresence imaging, and chromoendoscopy; high-resolution techniques discussed include probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, high-resolution microendoscopy, and optical coherence tomography. New approaches to enhance image contrast using vital dyes and molecular-specific targeted contrast agents are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Carns
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States,corresponding author for proofs
| | - Pelham Keahey
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Timothy Quang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Richards-Kortum
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States,corresponding author after publication
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17
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Eleftheriadis N, Inoue H, Ikeda H, Onimaru M, Yoshida A, Hosoya T, Maselli R, Kudo SE. Endocytoscopic visualization of squamous cell islands within Barrett’s epithelium. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 5:174-9. [PMID: 23596541 PMCID: PMC3627841 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v5.i4.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the endocytoscopic visualization of squamous cell islands within Barrett’s epithelium.
METHODS: Endocytoscopy (ECS) has been studied in the surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus, with controversial results. In initial studies, however, a soft catheter type endocytoscope was used, while only methylene blue dye was used for the staining of Barrett’s mucosa. Integrated type endocytoscopes (GIF-Q260 EC, Olympus Corp, Tokyo, Japan) have been recently developed, with the incorporation of a high-power magnifying endocytoscope into a standard endoscope together with narrow-band imaging (NBI). Moreover, double staining with a mixture of 0.05% crystal violet and 0.1% of methylene blue (CM) during ECS enables higher quality images comparable to conventional hematoxylin eosin histopathological images.
RESULTS: In vivo endocytoscopic visualization of papillary squamous cell islands within glandular Barrett’s epithelium in a patient with long-segment Barrett’s esophagus is reported. Conventional white light endoscopy showed typical long-segment Barrett’s esophagus, with small squamous cell islands within normal Barrett’s mucosa, which were better visualized by NBI endoscopy. ECS after double CM staining showed regular Barrett’s esophagus, while higher magnification (× 480) revealed the orifices of glandular structures better. Furthermore, typical squamous cell papillary protrusion, classified as endocytoscopic atypia classification (ECA) 2 according to ECA, was identified within regular glandular Barrett’s mucosa. Histological examination of biopsies taken from the same area showed squamous epithelium within glandular Barrett’s mucosa, corresponding well to endocytoscopic findings.
CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo visualization of esophageal papillary squamous cell islands surrounded by glandular Barrett’s epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Eleftheriadis
- Nicholas Eleftheriadis, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Manabu Onimaru, Akira Yoshida, Toshihisa Hosoya, Roberta Maselli, Shin-ei Kudo, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University, Northern Yokohama Hospital, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan
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18
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Ruderman S, Mueller S, Gomes A, Rogers J, Backman V. Method of detecting tissue contact for fiber-optic probes to automate data acquisition without hardware modification. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:1401-12. [PMID: 24010002 PMCID: PMC3756576 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel algorithm to detect contact with tissue and automate data acquisition. Contact fiber-optic probe systems are useful in noninvasive applications and real-time analysis of tissue properties. However, applications of these technologies are limited to procedures with visualization to ensure probe-tissue contact and individual user techniques can introduce variability. The software design exploits the system previously designed by our group as an optical method to automatically detect tissue contact and trigger acquisition. This method detected tissue contact with 91% accuracy, detected removal from tissue with 83% accuracy and reduced user variability by > 8%. Without the need for additional hardware, this software algorithm can easily integrate into any fiber-optic system and expands applications where visualization is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ruderman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,
USA
| | - Scott Mueller
- American BioOptics, 1801 Maple Ave Evanston, IL 60201,
USA
| | - Andrew Gomes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,
USA
| | - Jeremy Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,
USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,
USA
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19
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Makino T, Jain M, Montrose DC, Aggarwal A, Sterling J, Bosworth BP, Milsom JW, Robinson BD, Shevchuk MM, Kawaguchi K, Zhang N, Brown CM, Rivera DR, Williams WO, Xu C, Dannenberg AJ, Mukherjee S. Multiphoton tomographic imaging: a potential optical biopsy tool for detecting gastrointestinal inflammation and neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:1280-90. [PMID: 22961775 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopy is widely used to detect and remove premalignant lesions with the goal of preventing gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Because current endoscopes do not provide cellular resolution, all suspicious lesions are biopsied and subjected to histologic evaluation. Technologies that facilitate directed biopsies should decrease both procedure-related morbidity and cost. Here we explore the use of multiphoton microscopy (MPM), an optical biopsy tool that relies on intrinsic tissue emissions, to evaluate pathology in both experimental and human GI specimens, using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections from these tissues for comparison. After evaluating the entire normal mouse GI tract, MPM was used to investigate disease progression in mouse models of colitis and colorectal carcinogenesis. MPM provided sufficient histologic detail to identify all relevant substructures in ex vivo normal GI tissue, visualize both acute and resolving stages of colitis, and show the progression of colorectal carcinogenesis. Next, ex vivo specimens from human subjects with celiac sprue, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal neoplasia were imaged by MPM. Finally, colonic mucosa in live anesthetized rats was imaged in vivo using a flexible endoscope prototype. In both animal models and human specimens, MPM images showed a striking similarity to the results of H&E staining, as shown by the 100% concordance achieved by the study pathologists' diagnoses. In summary, MPM is a promising technique that accurately visualizes histology in fresh, unstained tissues. Our findings support the continued development of MPM as a technology to enhance the early detection of GI pathologies including premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Makino
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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20
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Lee MH, Buterbaugh K, Richards-Kortum R, Anandasabapathy S. Advanced endoscopic imaging for Barrett's Esophagus: current options and future directions. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2012; 14:216-25. [PMID: 22453701 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-012-0259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is the precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma, one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in the United States. Given the poor prognosis of late-stage adenocarcinoma, endoscopic surveillance is recommended for subjects with Barrett's esophagus to detect early neoplasia. Current guidelines recommend "random" four-quadrant biopsies taken every 1-2 cm throughout the Barrett's segment. However, this only samples a minority of epithelium and has been shown to miss areas of endoscopically- inapparent neoplasia (high grade dysplasia or cancer). Recent efforts have focused on developing novel diagnostic imaging technologies to detect the subtle epithelial changes associated with dysplasia and neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Some of these modalities serve as "red flag" technologies designed to detect areas of abnormality within large surface areas. Other technologies serve to characterize areas of visible abnormality, offering a higher spatial resolution to confirm/exclude the presence of neoplasia. This review summarizes several available and evolving imaging technologies used in the endoscopic diagnosis and surveillance of Barrett's associated neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
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21
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Kumagai Y, Kawada K, Yamazaki S, Iida M, Odajima H, Ochiai T, Kawano T, Takubo K. Current status and limitations of the newly developed endocytoscope GIF-Y0002 with reference to its diagnostic performance for common esophageal lesions. J Dig Dis 2012; 13:393-400. [PMID: 22788924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the esophagus and to clarify the features of the surface cell morphology using a newly developed endocytoscope, the GIF-Y0002. METHODS The surface cell morphology was examined with toluidine blue staining, and histological features of 53 patients with 54 lesions, including 39 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 14 patients with 15 non-neoplastic esophageal lesions, were compared. One endoscopist classified the lesions using type classification, and we consulted one pathologist to evaluate the endocytoscopy pictures with regard to neoplasia or non-neoplasia. RESULTS The overall sensitivity for ESCC of the findings by the endoscopist and pathologist based on GIF-Y0002 observation were 100.0% and 94.9%, respectively; while the specificity was 80.0% and 46.7%. For the 3 cases of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 2 were diagnosed as Type 2 and one case as suspected neoplasia by the endoscopist while the pathologist considered 2 cases to be neoplastic. Among the 9 cases of esophagitis, the endoscopist diagnosed 2 cases as Type 2 or 3, which was suggestive of neoplasia, whereas the pathologist diagnosed 6 cases to be neoplastic. CONCLUSION The low percentage of specificity for the pathologist's diagnosis was considered to be attributed to the low magnification power of the GIF-Y0002. A further increase in the magnifying power of this instrument will be necessary to broaden its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Kumagai
- Department of Surgery, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Fukushima, Japan.
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22
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Abstract
Bronchoscopy is a minimally invasive method for diagnosis of diseases of the airways and the lung parenchyma. Standard bronchoscopy uses the reflectance/scattering properties of white light from tissue to examine the macroscopic appearance of airways. It does not exploit the full spectrum of the optical properties of bronchial tissues. Advances in optical imaging such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal endomicroscopy, autofluorescence imaging and laser Raman spectroscopy are at the forefront to allow in vivo high-resolution probing of the microscopic structure, biochemical compositions and even molecular alterations in disease states. OCT can visualize cellular and extracellular structures at and below the tissue surface with near histological resolution, as well as to provide three-dimensional imaging of the airways. Cellular and subcellular imaging can be achieved using confocal endomicroscopy or endocytoscopy. Contrast associated with light absorption by haemoglobin can be used to highlight changes in microvascular structures in the subepithelium using narrow-band imaging. Blood vessels in the peribronchial space can be displayed using Doppler OCT. Biochemical compositions can be analysed with laser Raman spectroscopy, autofluorescence or multispectral imaging. Clinically, autofluorescence and narrow-band imaging have been found to be useful for localization of preneoplastic and neoplastic bronchial lesions. OCT can differentiate carcinoma in situ versus microinvasive cancer. Endoscopic optical imaging is a promising technology that can expand the horizon for studying the pathogenesis and progression of airway diseases such as COPD and asthma, as well as to evaluate the effect of novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Ohtani
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Almond LM, Barr H. Advanced endoscopic imaging in Barrett's oesophagus. Int J Surg 2012; 10:236-41. [PMID: 22510441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's oesophagus is a metaplastic condition with an inherent risk of progression to adenocarcinoma. It is essential to identify dysplastic changes within Barrett's oesophagus in order to individualise surveillance strategies and establish which patients warrant endoscopic treatment. There is a trend towards endoscopic resection of focal high-grade dysplasia followed by whole segment ablation. However, endoscopic identification of dysplastic lesions is unreliable and subjective making targeted therapy extremely difficult. In addition, the current practice of taking random quadrantic biopsies may miss dysplastic disease and intramucosal adenocarcinoma. Several advanced endoscopic imaging techniques have been described and tested in clinical trials in an effort to improve the detection of early lesions, although none are routinely used in clinical practice. In this article we will review these techniques and discuss their potential for clinical implementation. We will also discuss the potential benefits of multimodal imaging and highlight several newer techniques which have shown early promise for in vivo diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Max Almond
- Department of Oesophagogastric Surgery, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Trust, Great Western Road, Gloucester, Gloucestershire GL1 3NN, UK.
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24
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Pavlova I, Hume KR, Yazinski SA, Flanders J, Southard TL, Weiss RS, Webb WW. Multiphoton microscopy and microspectroscopy for diagnostics of inflammatory and neoplastic lung. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:036014. [PMID: 22502572 PMCID: PMC3602811 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.3.036014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Limitations of current medical procedures for detecting early lung cancers inspire the need for new diagnostic imaging modalities for the direct microscopic visualization of lung nodules. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) provides for subcellular resolution imaging of intrinsic fluorescence from unprocessed tissue with minimal optical attenuation and photodamage. We demonstrate that MPM detects morphological and spectral features of lung tissue and differentiates between normal, inflammatory and neoplastic lung. Ex vivo MPM imaging of intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence was performed on mouse and canine neoplastic, inflammatory and tumor-free lung sites. Results showed that MPM detected microanatomical differences between tumor-free and neoplastic lung tissue similar to standard histopathology but without the need for tissue processing. Furthermore, inflammatory sites displayed a distinct red-shifted fluorescence compared to neoplasms in both mouse and canine lung, and adenocarcinomas displayed a less pronounced fluorescence emission in the 500 to 550 nm region compared to adenomas in mouse models of lung cancer. These spectral distinctions were also confirmed by two-photon excited fluorescence microspectroscopy. We demonstrate the feasibility of applying MPM imaging of intrinsic fluorescence for the differentiation of lung neoplasms, inflammatory and tumor-free lung, which motivates the application of multiphoton endoscopy for the in situ imaging of lung nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Pavlova
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Ithaca, New York
| | - Kelly R. Hume
- Cornell University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - James Flanders
- Cornell University, Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Teresa L. Southard
- Cornell University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ithaca, New York
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Pathology, Ithaca, New York
| | - Robert S. Weiss
- Cornell University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ithaca, New York
| | - Watt W. Webb
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Ithaca, New York
- Address all correspondence to: Watt Wetmore Webb, Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Clark Hall 223, Ithaca, New York. Tel: +607 255 3331; Fax: +607 255 7658; E-mail:
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25
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Kanick SC, Robinson DJ, Sterenborg HJCM, Amelink A. Semi-empirical model of the effect of scattering on single fiber fluorescence intensity measured on a turbid medium. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:137-152. [PMID: 22254174 PMCID: PMC3255331 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative determination of fluorophore content from fluorescence measurements in turbid media, such as tissue, is complicated by the influence of scattering properties on the collected signal. This study utilizes a Monte Carlo model to characterize the relationship between the fluorescence intensity collected by a single fiber optic probe (F(SF)) and the scattering properties. Simulations investigate a wide range of biologically relevant scattering properties specified independently at excitation (λ(x)) and emission (λ(m)) wavelengths, including reduced scattering coefficients in the range μ'(s)(λ(x)) ∈ [0.1 - 8]mm(-1) and μ'(s)(λ(m)) ∈ [0.25 - 1] × μ'(s)(λ(x)). Investigated scattering phase functions (P(θ)) include both Henyey-Greenstein and Modified Henyey-Greenstein forms, and a wide range of fiber diameters (d(f) ∈ [0.2 - 1.0] mm) was simulated. A semi-empirical model is developed to estimate the collected F(SF) as the product of an effective sampling volume, and the effective excitation fluence and the effective escape probability within the effective sampling volume. The model accurately estimates F(SF) intensities (r=0.999) over the investigated range of μ'(s)(λ(x)) and μ'(s)(λ(m)), is insensitive to the form of the P(θ), and provides novel insight into a dimensionless relationship linking F(SF) measured by different d(f).
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kanick
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Săftoiu A, Vilmann P. Imaging techniques used for the real-time assessment of angiogenesis in digestive cancers. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:7-8. [PMID: 21218077 PMCID: PMC3016683 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has a critical role in primary tumor growth and the development of metastases. Several angiogenesis inhibitors were recently developed, being a very attractive target for digestive tumor therapy. However, individualized therapy should not only be based on the pre-treatment imaging evaluation, but also on sensitive monitoring of microvascular changes during treatment. State-of-the-art imaging techniques have the potential to visualize and characterize angiogenesis, although the technology and methodologies employed are recent and need further validation. The aim of this series of reviews was to analyze and enhance current knowledge and future perspectives about the real-time assessment of angiogenesis in digestive cancers, used for the longitudinal monitoring of the effects of chemo-radiotherapy (including anti-angiogenic therapies), as well as for the precise targeting of drugs through molecular-based drug-delivery systems.
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