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Hang L, Wang E, Feng Y, Zhou Y, Meng Y, Jiang F, Yuan J. Metagenomics and metabolomics analysis to investigate the effect of Shugan decoction on intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1024822. [PMID: 36478867 PMCID: PMC9719954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of Shugan Decoction (SGD) on intestinal motility and visceral hypersensitivity in Water avoid stress (WAS)-induced diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model rats has been confirmed. However, the mechanisms of its action involved in the treatment of IBS-D need to be further studied. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and normal physiological function. Changes in the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites are thought to participate in the pathophysiological process of IBS. AIM This study aimed to analyze the influence of SGD on intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolites in IBS-D rats by multiple omics techniques, including metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics. METHODS We measured the intestinal motility and visceral sensitivity of three groups of rats by fecal pellets output and colorectal distension (CRD) experiment. In addition, metagenome sequencing analysis was performed to explore the changes in the number and types of intestinal microbiota in IBS-D model rats after SGD treatment. Finally, we also used untargeted metabolomic sequencing to screen the metabolites and metabolic pathways closely related to the therapeutic effect of SGD. RESULTS We found that compared with the rats in the control group, the fecal pellets output of the rats in the WAS group increased and the visceral sensitivity threshold was decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the rats in the WAS group, the fecal pellets output of the SGD group was significantly decreased, and the visceral sensitivity threshold increased (P < 0.05). Besides, compared with the rats in the WAS group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased in SGD group, while that of Firmicutes decreased at the phylum level, and at the species level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides sp. CAG:714, Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacteroides Barnesiae in SGD group increased, but that of bacterium D42-87 decreased. In addition, compared with the WAS group, several metabolic pathways were significantly changed in SGD group, including Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Purine metabolism, Sulfur metabolism, ABC transporters, Arginine and proline metabolism and Bile secretion. CONCLUSION SGD can regulate specific intestinal microbiota and some metabolic pathways, which may explain its effect of alleviating visceral hypersensitivity and abnormal intestinal motility in WAS-induced IBS-D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Effects of Electroacupuncture on Gastrointestinal Motility Function, Pain, and Inflammation via Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 in a Rat Model after Colonic Anastomoses. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5113473. [PMID: 35845135 PMCID: PMC9277154 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Complications after colon surgery are a major obstacle to postoperative recovery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) on gastrointestinal motility in rats after colonic anastomosis and the mechanism of transient receptor potential vanillin 1 (TRPV1) channel in regulating gastrointestinal motility, pain, and inflammation. Methods. The rats were randomly divided into six groups, including the control, model, EA, sham-EA, capsaicin, and capsaicin+EA groups, with preoperative capsaicin pretreatment and EA treatment at ST36 acupoint after surgery. Rats were treated using EA at ST36 or sham acupoints after surgery for 5 days. Capsaicin was intraperitoneally injected into rats 3 hours before surgery. Gastrointestinal motility was assessed by measuring the gastric residue, small intestinal propulsion in vivo, contractile tension, and frequency of isolated muscle strips in vitro. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of abdominal incision skin and spontaneous nociceptive scores were observed and recorded in rats after colon anastomosis. The expressions of TRPV1, substance P (SP), neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin- (IL-) 6, L-1β, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α were determined. Results. Compared with the model group, electroacupuncture at ST36 point could significantly reduce the residual rate of stomach in rats after operation and increase the propulsive force of the small intestine and the contraction tension of the isolated smooth muscle. Electroacupuncture also increased postoperative day 3 MWT values and decreased postoperative spontaneous nociception scores. In addition, electroacupuncture treatment downregulated the expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TRPV1, NF-κB, SP, and NK1 receptors in the colon tissue of rats after colonic anastomosis. Conclusions. Our study showed that electroacupuncture at ST36 acupoint could improve gastrointestinal motility in rats after colonic anastomosis and relieve intestinal inflammation and pain. The mechanism may be to inhibit the activation of NF-κB and SP/NK1 receptor signaling pathways by inhibiting TRPV1.
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Bi Z, Zhang S, Meng Y, Feng Y, Wang Y, Wang E, Pan X, Zhu R, Fan H, Pang S, Zhu L, Yuan J. Female serotonin transporter-knockout rat: A potential model of irritable bowel syndrome. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21701. [PMID: 34143529 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000007rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disease. Although visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and disturbed gastrointestinal motility are typical pathophysiological features of IBS, the pathological mechanisms underlying this disease remain unclear. Serotonin system abnormalities are considered to play an important role in the pathomechanisms of IBS. Here, we hypothesize that similar alterations, including VH and colonic motility, induced by serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout result from altered serotonin signaling. We sought to determine the molecular mechanism underlying VH and colonic dysmotility induced by SERT knockout. We found that female SERT (slc6a4)-knockout (KO; ie, slc6a4-/- ) rats exhibited lower pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) than wild-type (WT; ie, slc6a4+/+ ) rats in response to colorectal distension (CRD). Significantly increased fecal pellet output and reduced concentration of serum tryptophan were observed in the female SERT KO rats. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and serum in SERT KO rats were lower than those in WT rats, but the numbers of enterochromaffin cells (ECs) and the concentrations of 5-HT in colon of SERT KO rats were higher than those of WT rats. Finally, increased expression levels of 5-HT1B receptors, 5-HT2C receptors, 5-HT3A receptors, 5-HT3B receptors, 5-HT6 receptors, 5-HT7 receptors, and glycosylated dopamine transporters (DATs) were found in the female SERT KO rats. We concluded that alterations in the serotonin system induced by the knockout of slc6a4 might result in VH and accelerated gastrointestinal motility in female SERT KO rats, which can be used as an animal model of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Bi
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yangyang Meng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Feng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinshu Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enkang Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangxue Pan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiting Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Pang
- Clinical Lab, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction Relieves Visceral Hyperalgesia in TNBS-Induced Postinflammatory Irritable Bowel Syndrome via Inactivating Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 and Reducing Serotonin Synthesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7830280. [PMID: 33123210 PMCID: PMC7584960 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7830280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, which is characterized by abdominal pain, low-grade inflammation, and visceral hypersensitivity. Shaoyao-Gancao decoction (SGD) has been used to improve the clinical symptoms of abdominal spasmodic pain accompanying acute gastroenteritis, but the underlying therapeutic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, a rat model of PI-IBS was established via rectal administration of TNBS. Rats were scored daily for 28 days using disease activity index (DAI). Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) was used to measure the pain threshold. After SGD (6.25, 12.5, and 25 g/kg/d) treatment for 14 days, rat colonic tissue was collected for histopathological grading, enterochromaffin (EC) cell count, and 5-HT content measurement. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses were employed to detect the gene and protein level of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). To further validate the effect of SGD on TRPV1, another experiment was performed in cells. The results revealed that visceral hyperalgesia, reflected by increased DAI, AWR, pathological injury score, 5-HT content, and EC cell count in PI-IBS rats, was significantly ameliorated by SGD. In cells, SGD markedly inhibited the expression and function of TRPV1. Moreover, the expression levels of TPH were also repressed by SGD. The findings of the present study indicated that the therapeutic effect of SGD on visceral hyperalgesia may be closely associated with the regulatory role of TRPV1 and 5-HT signaling pathways.
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Wang Y, Dong Y, Wang E, Meng Y, Bi Z, Sun S, Zhang C, Fan H, Yuan J. Shugan Decoction Alleviates Colonic Dysmotility in Female SERT-Knockout Rats by Decreasing M 3 Receptor Expression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01082. [PMID: 33013355 PMCID: PMC7516163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gut disease characterized by visceral hypersensitivity and gut motor dysfunction. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important enteric neurotransmitter. High levels of 5-HT aggravate IBS symptoms. The serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) is a membrane-embedded transporter involved in IBS pathogenesis that plays an important role in regulating 5-HT signaling. Aim We investigated whether gut motor function was altered in SERT-knockout (SERT-KO) rats. Additionally, we sought to determine whether Shugan decoction (SGD), a clinically experienced prescription for the treatment of IBS, exerts regulatory effects on intestinal motility in SERT-KO rats, and attempted to identify the mechanisms involved. Method SERT-KO rats were produced by transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology. Fecal pellet output was measured for ten consecutive days to estimate distal colonic motility. Small intestinal motility was measured by charcoal-meal experiments. The colonic and small intestinal muscle contractile activities were measured by organ bath study. Western blot was used to analyze the muscarinic receptor expression in colon tissue. Result Compared with that in wild-type (WT) rats, the defecation amount, amplitude of spontaneous contraction, and the tension of ACh-induced contraction of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle in SERT-KO rats were significantly increased. The expression of muscarinic receptor subtype-3 (M3R) in the colons of SERT-KO rats was also elevated. SGD can decrease defecation of SERT-KO rats. Moreover, SGD reduced the amplitude of spontaneous contraction, the frequency and tension of ACh-induced contraction of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle, and the expression of M3R in the colon in SERT-KO rats. Conclusions SERT-KO rats showed increased defecation accompanied by enhanced colonic motility and M3R expression. The findings suggest that SGD modifies colonic dysmotility and reduces defecation in SERT-KO rats by down-regulating M3R expression in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshu Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enkang Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Meng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijuan Bi
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaochao Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiting Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li JJ, Ren WJ, Yin HY, Zhao YF, Tang Y. Underlying mechanisms for intestinal diseases arising from stress. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:617-627. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i14.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an instinctive defense mechanism of the body in the competition for survival, but long-term or chronic stress will lead to systemic pathological manifestations. Intestinal diseases are closely related to pathological stress. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases arising from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Li
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ren
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yin
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhao
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
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Tsuchiya Y, Kawamata K. [6]-Gingerol Induces Amiloride-Sensitive Sodium Absorption in the Rat Colon via the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1 in Colonic Mucosa. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:287-291. [PMID: 30175793 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
[6]-Gingerol possesses various beneficial pharmacological and therapeutic properties, including anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to regulate intestinal contraction. Recently, our group observed that the serosal administration of [6]-gingerol stimulated electrogenic sodium absorption in the rat colon via the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1. TRPV1 is known to be expressed in both the mucosal epithelium and the muscle layers in the colon. In the present study, we assessed whether [6]-gingerol stimulated sodium absorption via TRPV1 in the colonic mucosal epithelium. We compared the effect of [6]-gingerol on TRPV1-dependent colonic sodium absorption in the colon preparation with or without muscle layer. All experiments were performed by measuring the transmural potential difference (ΔPD) in an Ussing chamber system. [6]-Gingerol induced positive ΔPD when administered to the serosal side of the colon, and this effect was significantly larger in the colon preparation without muscle layer than in that with the muscle layer. In the colon preparation without muscle layer, the [6]-gingerol-dependent induction of ΔPD was markedly suppressed by mucosal addition of amiloride, a selective inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel. ΔPD induction by [6]-gingerol was considerably diminished by capsazepine, an inhibitor of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1, but not by AP-18, an inhibitor of TRPA1. These results suggest that [6]-gingerol induces amiloride-sensitive electrogenic sodium absorption in the rat colon via TRPV1 expressed in the colonic mucosal epithelium, and that this effect is independent of TRPV1 in the colonic muscle layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Tsuchiya
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Tohoku Women's College
| | - Koichi Kawamata
- Department of Domestic Science, Faculty of Domestic Science, Tohoku Seikatsu Bunka University
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Tsigaridas A, Papanikolaou IS, Vaiopoulou A, Anagnostopoulos AK, Viazis N, Karamanolis G, Karamanolis DG, Tsangaris GT, Mantzaris GJ, Gazouli M. Proteomics and irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:461-468. [PMID: 28395553 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1317600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disease that according to Rome IV criteria is subdivided into four subtypes. The pathophysiology of this disease is not well understood due to numerous factors playing multiple roles in disease development, such as diet, stress and hormones. IBS has a variety of symptoms and overlaps with many other gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. Area covered: This review aims to present an overview of implementation of proteomics in experimental studies in the field of IBS. Expert commentary: Proteomics is commonly used for biomarker discovery in and has also been extensively used in IBS research. The necessity of a sensitive and specific biomarker for IBS is apparent, but despite the intensive research performed in this field, an appropriate biomarker is not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis S Papanikolaou
- b Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Anna Vaiopoulou
- c Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Nikos Viazis
- a Gastroenterology Unit , Evangelismos Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - George Karamanolis
- e Gastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Surgery, 'Aretaieio' University Hospital, Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - George T Tsangaris
- d Proteomics Research Unit , Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (IIBEAA) , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Maria Gazouli
- c Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology Medical School , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Prusator DK, Johnson AC. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of visceral pain: pathophysiology, translational relevance, and challenges. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G885-903. [PMID: 25767262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00463.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain describes pain emanating from the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal organs. In contrast to somatic pain, visceral pain is generally vague, poorly localized, and characterized by hypersensitivity to a stimulus such as organ distension. Animal models have played a pivotal role in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of visceral pain. This review focuses on animal models of visceral pain and their translational relevance. In addition, the challenges of using animal models to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat visceral pain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dawn K Prusator
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anthony C Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Shi HL, Liu CH, Ding LL, Zheng Y, Fei XY, Lu L, Zhou XM, Yuan JY, Xie JQ. Alterations in serotonin, transient receptor potential channels and protease-activated receptors in rats with irritable bowel syndrome attenuated by Shugan decoction. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4852-4863. [PMID: 25944998 PMCID: PMC4408457 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i16.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the molecular mechanisms of Shugan decoction (SGD) in the regulation of colonic motility and visceral hyperalgesia (VHL) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
METHODS: The chemical compounds contained in SGD were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. A rat model of IBS was induced by chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). The number of fecal pellets was counted after WAS and the pain pressure threshold was measured by colorectal distension. Morphological changes in colonic mucosa were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in colonic tissue and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) in serum were measured by ELISA. The protein expression of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamide (5-HT)], serotonin transporter (SERT), chromogranin A (CgA) and CGRP in colon tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: SGD inhibited colonic motility dysfunction and VHL in rats with IBS. Blockers of transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) (Ruthenium Red) and TRP ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) (HC-030031) and activator of protease-activated receptor (PAR)4 increased the pain pressure threshold, whereas activators of PAR2 and TRPV4 decreased the pain pressure threshold in rats with IBS. The effect of SGD on pain pressure threshold in these rats was abolished by activators of TRPV1 (capsaicin), TRPV4 (RN1747), TRPA1 (Polygodial) and PAR2 (AC55541). In addition, CGRP levels in serum and colonic tissue were both increased in these rats. TNF-α level in colonic tissue was also significantly upregulated. However, the levels of 5-HT, SERT and CgA in colonic tissue were decreased. All these pathological changes in rats with IBS were attenuated by SGD.
CONCLUSION: SGD alleviated VHL and attenuated colon motility in IBS, partly by regulating TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, PAR2, 5-HT, CgA and SERT, and reducing CGRP and TNF-α level.
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Yin Y, Zhong L, Wang JW, Zhao XY, Zhao WJ, Kuang HX. Tong Xie Yao Fang relieves irritable bowel syndrome in rats via mechanisms involving regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4536-4546. [PMID: 25914462 PMCID: PMC4402300 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i15.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang (TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rat model.
METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats (1 h per day) from days 8 to 21, and the rectum was expanded by angioplasty from days 8 to 12. Ten normal rats were used as normal controls. We examined the effects of TXYF on defection frequency, colonic transit function and smooth muscle contraction, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and substance P (SP) in colonic and hypothalamus tissues by Western blot and RT-PCT techniques in both normal rats and IBS model rats with characterized visceral hypersensitivity.
RESULTS: Defecation frequency was 1.8 ± 1.03 in normal rats and 4.5 ± 1.58 in IBS model rats (P < 0.001). However, the defecation frequency was significantly decreased (3.0 ± 1.25 vs 4.5 ± 1.58, P < 0.05), while the time (in seconds) of colon transit function was significantly increased (256.88 ± 20.32 vs 93.36 ± 17.28, P < 0.001) in IBS + TXYF group rats than in IBS group rats. Increased colonic smooth muscle tension and contract frequency in IBS model rats were significantly decreased by administration of TXYF. Exogenous agonist stimulants increased spontaneous activity and elicited contractions of colon smooth muscle in IBS model rats, and all of these actions were significantly reduced by TXYF involving 5-HT and SP down-regulation.
CONCLUSION: TXYF can modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system and alter 5-HT and SP activities, which may contribute to the symptoms of IBS.
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Ma S, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang H, Jia Y. Analgesic effect of Chinese herbal formula Hua-Jian-Ba-Du ointment on visceral pain in mice induced by acetic acid. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 14:282-90. [PMID: 25601969 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414568722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visceral pain is one of the most important pains caused by cancer or other diseases, and most of the medications may lead to tolerance, addiction, and toxic side effects. Hua-Jian-Ba-Du Ointment (HJBDO), which is a commonly used conjugate based on traditional Chinese medicine theory, has been effective against visceral pain. Here, we verify the efficacy and underlying mechanism of HJBDO in an acetic-acid induced visceral pain model. METHODS Mice were subjected to acetic acid with or without HJBDO. Hua-Jian-Ba-Du Ointment at low (7.5 mL/kg•d), moderate (15 mL/kg•d), and high (30 mL/kg•d) dosages was applied on the abdomen, 3 times per day for 3 days. The acetic acid writhing test was used to evaluate antinociception. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in serum, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in peritoneal fluid were detected by ELISA. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and β-endorphin (β-EP) were examined by high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay, respectively. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR1) and c-fos expressions in both rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and spinal dorsal horn were determined by western blot. RESULTS Hua-Jian-Ba-Du Ointment at 3 dosage levels produced dose-dependent antinociception and shortened the latent time. Hua-Jian-Ba-Du Ointment at high or moderate dosage inhibited the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2, as well as increased the release of IL-2. Hua-Jian-Ba-Du Ointment could also increase NE and 5-HT contents and decrease the NE content. No effect of HJBDO at 3 dosages on the DA system was detected. Furthermore, HJBDO could suppress the expressions of NMDAR and c-fos in both RVM and spinal dorsal horn. CONCLUSION Our results exhibited the analgesic effect of HJBDO on visceral pain in mice, and this effect might be mediated by the regulation of inflammation and neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, China
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TSUCHIYA Y, FUJITA R, SAITOU A, WAJIMA N, AIZAWA F, IINUMA A. [6]-Gingerol Induces Electrogenic Sodium Absorption in the Rat Colon via the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014; 60:403-7. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yo TSUCHIYA
- Department of Living Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Tohoku Women’s College
| | - Rina FUJITA
- Department of Living Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Tohoku Women’s College
| | - Akae SAITOU
- Department of Living Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Tohoku Women’s College
| | - Nanako WAJIMA
- Department of Living Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Tohoku Women’s College
| | - Fuyuka AIZAWA
- Department of Living Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Tohoku Women’s College
| | - Akane IINUMA
- Department of Living Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Tohoku Women’s College
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