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Wen W, Ertas YN, Erdem A, Zhang Y. Dysregulation of autophagy in gastric carcinoma: Pathways to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216857. [PMID: 38583648 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The considerable death rates and lack of symptoms in early stages of gastric cancer (GC) make it a major health problem worldwide. One of the most prominent risk factors is infection with Helicobacter pylori. Many biological processes, including those linked with cell death, are disrupted in GC. The cellular "self-digestion" mechanism necessary for regular balance maintenance, autophagy, is at the center of this disturbance. Misregulation of autophagy, however, plays a role in the development of GC. In this review, we will examine how autophagy interacts with other cell death processes, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis, and how it affects the progression of GC. In addition to wonderful its role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, it is engaged in GC metastasis. The role of autophagy in GC in promoting drug resistance stands out. There is growing interest in modulating autophagy for GC treatment, with research focusing on natural compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and nanoparticles. These approaches could lead to breakthroughs in GC therapy, offering new hope in the fight against this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, 41001 Turkey.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Cho HJ, Jung HJ. Cyclophilin A Inhibitors Suppress Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis of MKN45 Gastric Cancer Stem-like Cells by Regulating CypA/CD147-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054734. [PMID: 36902161 PMCID: PMC10003193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) are a subgroup of gastric cancer (GC) cells with high self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation abilities that lead to tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. Therefore, the eradication of GCSCs can contribute to the effective treatment of advanced or metastatic GC. In our previous study, compound 9 (C9), a novel derivative of nargenicin A1, was identified as a potential natural anticancer agent that specifically targeted cyclophilin A (CypA). However, its therapeutic effect and molecular mechanisms of action on GCSC growth have not been assessed. In this study, we investigated the effects of natural CypA inhibitors, including C9 and cyclosporin A (CsA), on the growth of MKN45-derived GCSCs. Compound 9 and CsA effectively suppressed cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and promoted apoptosis by activating the caspase cascade in MKN45 GCSCs. In addition, C9 and CsA potently inhibited tumor growth in the MKN45 GCSC-grafted chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Furthermore, the two compounds significantly decreased the protein expression of key GCSC markers including CD133, CD44, integrin α6, Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. Notably, the anticancer activities of C9 and CsA in MKN45 GCSCs were associated with the regulation of CypA/CD147-mediated AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Collectively, our findings suggest that the natural CypA inhibitors C9 and CsA could be novel anticancer agents used to combat GCSCs by targeting the CypA/CD147 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Cho
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-2354; Fax: +82-41-530-2939
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3
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Betulinic Acid Inhibits the Stemness of Gastric Cancer Cells by Regulating the GRP78-TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway and Macrophage Polarization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041725. [PMID: 36838713 PMCID: PMC9964887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stemness is the process by which cancer cells acquire chemoresistance and self-renewal in the tumor microenvironment. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a biomarker for gastric cancer and is involved in cancer stemness. By inducing cancer stemness in various types of cancer, the polarization of macrophages into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) controls tumor progression. Betulinic acid (BA) is a bioactive natural compound with anticancer properties. However, whether GRP78 regulates TAM-mediated cancer stemness in the tumor microenvironment and whether BA inhibits GRP78-mediated cancer stemness in gastric cancer remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of GRP78 in gastric cancer stemness in a tumor microenvironment regulated by BA. The results indicated that BA inhibited not only GRP78-mediated stemness-related protein expression and GRP78-TGF-β-mediated macrophage polarization into TAMs, but also TAM-mediated cancer stemness. Therefore, BA is a promising candidate for clinical application in combination-chemotherapy targeting cancer stemness.
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4
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Li X, Li L, Wu J. The members of the miR-148/152 family inhibit cancer stem cell-like properties in gastric cancer via negative regulation of ITGA5. J Transl Med 2023; 21:105. [PMID: 36765401 PMCID: PMC9912648 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of microRNA (miRNA) in modulating the function of cancer stem cells through diverse signaling pathway has been evidenced. We here identified a role of microRNA (miRNA) family, specifically miR-148/152, in gastric cancer and delineated its functional effects on gastric cancer stem cells. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to analyze expression of integrin α5 (ITGA5) which was verified through expression determination in clinical tissue samples. Next, the upstream regulatory factors of ITGA5 were determined. CD44+EpCAM (high) cells sorted from AGS cells subjected to gain-of-function experiments, followed by evaluation of their capacity of colony formation, generation of tumorosphere, cell migration and viability in vitro and xenograft tumor formation in vivo. RESULTS ITGA5 was elevated in gastric cancer tissues and confirmed as a target gene of the miR-148/152 family members. The miR-148/152 family members were downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Decreased expression of miR-148/152 family members was also detected in gastric cancer stem cells. However, the raised expression led to reduced colony formation, tumorosphere, cell migration, cell viability, and drug resistance of CD44+EpCAM (high) AGS cells in vitro, and tumorigenesis in vitro. ITGA5 overexpression reversed the effect of the miR-148/152 family members. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the miR-148/152 family members may prevent gastric cancer stem cell-like properties by targeting ITGA5, which can serve as an appealing target for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangying Wu
- Department of Intervention, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Ozcan G. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in stemness and resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer: Future directions for therapeutic targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1082057. [PMID: 36846589 PMCID: PMC9945545 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1082057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial mediator of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, tumor progression, and unresponsiveness to therapy in tumors with hypoxia. Gastric tumors, one of the most aggressive tumors in the clinic, are highly enriched in hypoxic niches, and the degree of hypoxia is strongly correlated with poor survival in gastric cancer patients. Stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer are the two root causes of poor patient outcomes. Based on the pivotal role of HIF-1α in stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer, the interest in identifying critical molecular targets and strategies for surpassing the action of HIF-1α is expanding. Despite that, the understanding of HIF-1α induced signaling in gastric cancer is far from complete, and the development of efficacious HIF-1α inhibitors bears various challenges. Hence, here we review the molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1α signaling stimulates stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer, with the clinical efforts and challenges to translate anti-HIF-1α strategies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnihal Ozcan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkiye,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye,*Correspondence: Gulnihal Ozcan,
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Rao X, Zhang C, Luo H, Zhang J, Zhuang Z, Liang Z, Wu X. Targeting Gastric Cancer Stem Cells to Enhance Treatment Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182828. [PMID: 36139403 PMCID: PMC9496718 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) was the fourth deadliest cancer in the world in 2020, and about 770,000 people died from GC that year. The death of patients with GC is mainly caused by the metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance of GC cells. The cancer stem cell theory defines cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a key factor in the metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance of cancer. It considers targeting gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) to be an effective method for the treatment of GC. For GCSCs, genes or noncoding RNAs are important regulatory factors. Many experimental studies have found that some drugs can target the stemness of gastric cancer by regulating these genes or noncoding RNAs, which may bring new directions for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer. Therefore, this review mainly discusses related genes or noncoding RNAs in GCSCs and drugs that target its stemness, thereby providing some information for the treatment of GC.
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Choi YS, Cho HJ, Jung HJ. Atorvastatin inhibits the proliferation of MKN45-derived gastric cancer stem cells in a mevalonate pathway-independent manner. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:367-375. [PMID: 36039737 PMCID: PMC9437372 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.5.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) are a major cause of radioresistance and chemoresistance in gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, targeting GCSCs is regarded as a powerful strategy for the effective treatment of GC. Atorvastatin is a widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drug that inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. The anticancer activity of atorvastatin, a repurposed drug, is being investigated; however, its therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of action against GCSCs remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of atorvastatin on MKN45-derived GCSCs. Atorvastatin significantly inhibited the proliferative and tumorsphere-forming abilities of MKN45 GCSCs in a mevalonate pathway-independent manner. Atorvastatin induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and promoted apoptosis by activating the caspase cascade. Furthermore, atorvastatin exerted an antiproliferative effect against MKN45 GCSCs by inhibiting the expression of cancer stemness markers, such as CD133, CD44, integrin α6, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, through the downregulation of β-catenin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and protein kinase B activities. Additionally, the combined treatment of atorvastatin and sorafenib, a multi-kinase targeted anticancer drug, synergistically suppressed not only the proliferation and tumorsphere formation of MKN45 GCSCs but also the in vivo tumor growth in a chick chorioallantoic membrane model implanted with MKN45 GCSCs. These findings suggest that atorvastatin can therapeutically eliminate GCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Seul Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
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8
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Huang W, Wen F, Gu P, Liu J, Xia Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Song S, Ruan S, Gu S, Chen X, Shu P. The inhibitory effect and mechanism of Yi-qi-hua-yu-jie-du decoction on the drug resistance of gastric cancer stem cells based on ABC transporters. Chin Med 2022; 17:93. [PMID: 35941687 PMCID: PMC9361523 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The drug resistance of tumor stem cells is an obstacle in gastric cancer (GC) treatment and the high expression of ABC transporters is a classic reason for drug resistance. This study aimed to construct a reliable GC drug-resistant stem cell model and explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Yi-qi-hua-yu-jie-du medicated serum (YQHY) on the drug resistance of GC stem cells based on ABC transporters. Methods The tumor stemness biomarker CD44 was primary identification from WGCNA. The magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) method was used to separate CD44( +)BGC823/5-Fu (BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs) cells and the stemness characteristics were verified from multiple dimensions. Then, the drug resistance index and expression of ABC transporter genes MDR1 and MRP1 were detected in CD44(−)/CD44(+) cells. The inhibition and apoptosis rates of the cells administrated with YQHY or/and 5-Fu were calculated to confirm that YQHY can suppress the drug resistance of BGC823/5-Fu-CSCs. Afterwards, the effects of YQHY on the expression of MDR1 and MRP1 and the activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway were observed. Finally, under the administration of IGF-1 (the activator of PI3K/Akt pathway) and Nrf2 siRNA, the mechanism of YQHY on reversing the drug resistance of BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs through inhibiting the expression of MDR1 and MRP1 via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 was verified. Results CD44 was a reliable GC stemness biomarker and can be applied to construct the drug-resistant GC stem cell model CD44(+)BGC823/5-Fu. The growth rate, cell proliferation index, soft agar colony formation, expression of stemness specific genes and tumorigenesis ability of CD44(+)BGC823/5-Fu cells were significantly higher than those of CD44(−)BGC823/5-Fu cells. BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs exhibited strong drug resistance to 5-Fu and high expression of ABC transporter genes MDR1 and MRP1 compared to CD44(-) cells. YQHY increased the inhibition and apoptosis rates to efficiently inhibit the drug resistance of BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs. Meanwhile, it suppressed the expression of MDR1 and MRP1 and restrained the activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Finally, it was found that IGF-1 partially restored the activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, alleviated the inhibition of MDR1 and MRP1, blocked the proliferation-inhibitory and apoptosis-promotion effects. YQHY and si-Nrf2 synergistically suppressed the MDR1/MRP1 expression and the drug resistance of BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs. Conclusions CD44 was a reliable GC stemness biomarker, and the high expression of ABC transporter genes MDR1 and MRP1 was an important feature of drug-resistant stem cells. YQHY inhibited the MDR1 and MRP1 expression via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, thus reversing the drug resistance of BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00647-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peixing Gu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiatong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Respiratory, Wujin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ruan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suping Gu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China. .,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Cui MY, Yi X, Zhu DX, Wu J. The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916661. [PMID: 35785165 PMCID: PMC9240397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has been one of the most common cancers worldwide with extensive metastasis and high mortality. Chemotherapy has been found as a main treatment for metastatic gastric cancer, whereas drug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy and leads to treatment failure. Chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer has a complex and multifactorial mechanism, among which lipid metabolism plays a vital role. Increased synthesis of new lipids or uptake of exogenous lipids can facilitate the rapid growth of cancer cells and tumor formation. Lipids form the structural basis of biofilms while serving as signal molecules and energy sources. It is noteworthy that lipid metabolism is capable of inducing drug resistance in gastric cancer cells by reshaping the tumor micro-environment. In this study, new mechanisms of lipid metabolism in gastric cancer and the metabolic pathways correlated with chemotherapy resistance are reviewed. In particular, we discuss the effects of lipid metabolism on autophagy, biomarkers treatment and drug resistance in gastric cancer from the perspective of lipid metabolism. In brief, new insights can be gained into the development of promising therapies through an in-depth investigation of the mechanism of lipid metabolism reprogramming and resensitization to chemotherapy in gastric cancer cells, and scientific treatment can be provided by applying lipid-key enzyme inhibitors as cancer chemical sensitizers in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Wu
- *Correspondence: Jun Wu, ; Dan-Xia Zhu,
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10
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Cao W, Li Y, Sun H, Yang C, Zhu J, Xie C, Li X, Wu J, Geng S, Wang L, Sun L, Geng G, Han H, Zhong C. Apatinib Suppresses Gastric Cancer Stem Cells Properties by Inhibiting the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679806. [PMID: 34350176 PMCID: PMC8326764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) marks the onset of gastric carcinoma. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays a vital role in the maintenance of GCSC characteristics. Apatinib has been approved in China for advanced gastric cancer (GC) treatment. However, whether apatinib can target GCSCs and affect the SHH pathway remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of apatinib’s antitumor effects on GC. The expression levels of GCSC markers and number of CD133+ cells were significantly elevated in the sphere-forming cells. Apatinib effectively suppressed GCSC traits by inhibiting tumorsphere formation and cell proliferation, suppressing GCSC markers expression and CD133+ cell number, and inducing apoptosis. Apatinib downregulated the activation of the SHH pathway; while upregulation of the SHH pathway attenuated the inhibitory effects of apatinib on GCSCs. Moreover, apatinib treatment significantly delayed tumor growth and inhibited GCSC characteristics in the xenograft model. Our data suggested that apatinib exhibited inhibitory effects on GCSCs by suppressing SHH pathway both in vitro and in vivo, thus providing new insights into the therapeutic application of apatinib in GCSC suppression and advanced gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshuang Cao
- Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Department of Urology, Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenying Yang
- Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Suzhou Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Liangfei Sun
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Guozhu Geng
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ni H, Qin H, Sun C, Liu Y, Ruan G, Guo Q, Xi T, Xing Y, Zheng L. MiR-375 reduces the stemness of gastric cancer cells through triggering ferroptosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:325. [PMID: 34090492 PMCID: PMC8180146 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main causes of metastasis and drug resistance. We previously indicated that miR-375 can inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis; here, we aim to explore the effects and mechanisms of miR-375 on gastric cancer (GC) cell stemness. METHODS Lentivirus infection was used to construct GC cells with ectopic expression of miR-375. In vitro and in vivo experiments, including analysis of tumor spheroid formation, CD44+ sub-population with stemness, stemness marker expression, and tumor-initiating ability, were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-375 on the stemness of GC cells. Furthermore, microarray and bioinformatics analysis were performed to search the potential targets of miR-375 in GC cells. Luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA-FISH assays were carried out to verify the targeting of miR-375. Subsequently, combined with tissue microarray analysis, erastin-resistant GC cells, transmission electron microscopy, a series of agonists and oxidative stress markers, the underlying mechanisms contributing to miR-375-mediated effects were explored. RESULTS MiR-375 reduced the stemness of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SLC7A11 was identified as a direct target of miR-375 and miR-375 attenuated the stemness of GC cells mainly through triggering SLC7A11-dependent ferroptosis. CONCLUSION MiR-375 can trigger the ferroptosis through targeting SLC7A11, which is essential for miR-375-mediated inhibition on GC cell stemness. These results suggest that the miR-375/SLC7A11 regulatory axis could serve as a potential target to provoke the ferroptosis and thus attenuate the stemness of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojing Ruan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Jafari N, Abediankenari S, Hossein-Nataj H. miR-34a mimic or pre-mir-34a, which is the better option for cancer therapy? KatoIII as a model to study miRNA action in human gastric cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:178. [PMID: 33740991 PMCID: PMC7980621 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrantly expressed microRNAs play important roles in gastric tumorigenesis. However, use of miRNAs as a therapeutic option in gastric cancer still remains as a challenging problem. Methods We performed transient transfection of miR-34a-5p mimic and stable transfection of pre-mir-34a into KatoIII cells. Then, we evaluated the effect of transfected miRNAs on numerous cellular and molecular processes. Results Following transient transfection of miR-34a-5p mimic at 25 nM—a commonly used concentration—into KatoIII cells, inhibition of two target genes expression, namely Notch1 and β-catenin, was not observed, but a non-significant marginal increase of these genes was detected. No changes were detected in the percentage of apoptotic cells as well as in CD44 + and EpCAM + cells after 25 nM miR-34a-5p mimic transfection. Interestingly, stable transfection of pre-mir-34a into KatoIII cells (named as KatoIII-pGFPC1-34a cells) caused a significant repression in β-catenin protein and Notch1 mRNA levels (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) relative to equivalent control (KatoIII- pGFPC1-empty cells). The percentage of CD44 + cells in the KatoIII-pGFPC1-34a cells (< 40%) was significantly lower than that in control cells (~ 95%) (p < 0.05). An increase of ~ 3.5% in apoptotic cells and a slower proliferation rate were detected in KatoIII-pGFPC1-34a cells. Conclusions Our study revealed that the effect of miR mimic in target gene repression can be dependent to its concentration as well as to the cell type. Meanwhile, our findings further support a regulatory function for pre-miRNAs in target repression and will help to develop effective therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01872-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Jafari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
| | - Hadi Hossein-Nataj
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
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13
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Azimi M, Totonchi M, Rahimi M, Firouzi J, Sahranavard P, Emami Razavi A, Memari F, Kamali F, Ebrahimi M. An integrated analysis to predict micro-RNAs targeting both stemness and metastasis in human gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:436-445. [PMID: 32633423 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells, assess the capacity of self-renewal, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Regulation of CSCs and their epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) potential is one of the promising strategies to eliminate cancer or to inhibit metastasis. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of several cell properties, such as self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to the drug, could be proper targets in cancer diagnosis and therapy. The aim of the present study is to select common miRNAs targeting both self-renewal and metastasis in gastric cancer. METHODS Stemness-related and EMT-related genes were selected by literature mining. The common miRNAs targeting genes were chosen using different databases and r programming language. The expression pattern of selected miRNAs and genes was evaluated in gastrospheres-as a gastric CSC model-and gastric tumor biopsies. RESULTS Based on the integrated analysis, six miRNAs common to both stemness and metastasis were identified. miR-200c-3p and miR-520c-3p overexpressed in MKN-45 gastrospheres and grade III tumors. In AGS spheres, however, miR-520c-3p and miR-200c-3p upregulation and miR-34a-5p downregulation were similar to grade II tumors. Interestingly, miR-200c-3p and miR-520c-3p indicated a positive correlation with OCT4 and NOTCH1 expression in grade III tumors and MKN-45 spheres. Protein-protein network revealed that the EMT acquisition can be induced by stemness activation through intermediated core-regulatory genes, including CTNNB1, CTNND1, MAML1, KAT2A, and MAML3. CONCLUSION The upregulation of mir-200c-3p and mir-520c-3p could effect on stemness and metastasis in gastric cancer as well as gastric CSCs. Therefore, they can be used as diagnosis and prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Azimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedical Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Firouzi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sahranavard
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoon Memari
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kamali
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Guo G, Liu J, Ren Y, Mao X, Hao Y, Zhong C, Chen X, Wang X, Wu Y, Lian S, Mei L, Zhao Y. FRAT1 Enhances the Proliferation and Tumorigenesis of CD133 +Nestin + Glioma Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. J Cancer 2020; 11:2421-2430. [PMID: 32201513 PMCID: PMC7066019 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are considered the source for development, recurrence, and poor prognosis of glioma, so treatment targeted GSCs is of great interest. The frequently rearranged in advanced T cell lymphomas-1 (FRAT1) gene is an important member of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling transduction pathway, and aberrantly activation of Wnt signaling has been identified to contribute to the tumorigenesis, proliferation, invasion of a variety kinds of cancer stem cells. However, correlations between FRAT1 and GSCs and the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of FRAT1 on GSCs proliferation, colony formation, sphere formation and tumorigenesity in vitro and in vivo and its underlying mechanism. Lentiviral transfection was used to construct GSCs with low FRAT1 expression. The expression of FRAT1 on GSCs proliferation in vitro was assessed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8). Colony formation and sphere formation assays were conducted to assess the colony and sphere formation ability of GSCs. Then, an intracranial glioma nude mouse model was built to measure the effect of low FRAT1 expression on GSCs proliferation and tumorigenesity in vivo. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and Immunohistochemistry were processed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of FRAT1, β-catenin in the glioma tissue of xenograft mice to study their correlations. The functional assays verifed that low FRAT1 expression inhibited CD133+Nestin+ GSCs proliferation, colony formation, sphere formation ability in vitro. In vivo GSCs xenograft mice model showed that low FRAT1 expression suppressed the proliferation and tumorigenesity of CD133+Nestin+ GSCs and reduced β-catenin mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, the expression of FRAT1 and β-catenin were positively correlated. Altogether, results indicate that FRAT1 enhances the proliferation, colony formation, sphere formation and tumorigenesity of CD133+Nestin+ glioma stem cells in vitro and in vivo as well as the expression of β-catenin. Therefore, inhibiting proliferation of GSCs and FRAT1 may be a molecular target to GSCs in treating human glioma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinggang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Zhong
- GCP Center, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.88 Changling Road, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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17
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Altered Expression of CD44, SIRT1, CXCR4, miR-21, miR-34a, and miR-451 Genes in MKN-45 Cell Line After Docetaxel Treatment. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 51:520-526. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Kim TM, Ko YH, Ha SJ, Lee HH. Impact of in vitro driven expression signatures of CD133 stem cell marker and tumor stroma on clinical outcomes in gastric cancers. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:119. [PMID: 30717708 PMCID: PMC6360664 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CD133 transmembrane protein is a well-recognized stem cell marker that has been used to isolate putative cancer stem cell populations from gastric cancers (GCs). However, the molecular features or biomarkers underlying CD133 are largely unknown in GCs. Methods We performed gene expression profiling of CD133+ and CD133- cells sorted by flow cytometry from three GC cell lines to identify the CD133 expression signatures of GC. The CD133 expression signatures were investigated across publicly available expression profiles of multiple tumor types including GC and also for their relationship with patient survival. Results The CD133 signature genes defined as 177 upregulated genes and 129 downregulated genes in CD133+ cells compared to CD133- cells were enriched with genes involving the cell cycle and cytoskeleton, implying that cancer stem cells with unlimited self-renewal play cancer-initiating roles. The CD133 expression signatures in GC expression profiles were positively correlated with those of brain tumors expressing CD133 and human embryonic stem cells, emphasizing the transcriptional similarities across stem cell-related expression signatures. We also found that these stem cell expression signatures were inversely correlated with those representing tumor infiltrating immune and stromal cells. Additionally, high CD133 expression signatures were found in intestinal subtypes and low tumor stage GCs as well as in those with microsatellite instabilities and high mutation burdens. As examined across 20 additional tumor types, both the expression signatures representing CD133 and stromal cells were unfavorable prognostic features; however, their impact were variable across tumor types. Conclusions The transcriptional activities of CD133 and those of stromal cells representing the activity of stem cells and level of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, respectively, may be inversely correlated with each other across multiple tumor types including GC. This relationship may be a confounding factor and should therefore be considered when evaluating the clinical relevance of stem cell-related markers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5332-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin Jung Ha
- Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Han Hong Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. .,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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19
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CDX1/2 and KLF5 Expression and Epigenetic Modulation of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 25:1215-1222. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Gao JP, Xu W, Liu WT, Yan M, Zhu ZG. Tumor heterogeneity of gastric cancer: From the perspective of tumor-initiating cell. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2567-2581. [PMID: 29962814 PMCID: PMC6021770 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i24.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common and malignant types of cancer due to its rapid progression, distant metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy, although efforts have been made to understand the underlying mechanism of this resistance and to improve clinical outcome. It is well recognized that tumor heterogeneity, a fundamental feature of malignancy, plays an essential role in the cancer development and chemoresistance. The model of tumor-initiating cell (TIC) has been proposed to explain the genetic, histological, and phenotypical heterogeneity of GC. TIC accounts for a minor subpopulation of tumor cells with key characteristics including high tumorigenicity, maintenance of self-renewal potential, giving rise to both tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cancer cells, and resistance to chemotherapy. Regarding tumor-initiating cell of GC (GATIC), substantial studies have been performed to (1) identify the putative specific cell markers for purification and functional validation of GATICs; (2) trace the origin of GATICs; and (3) decode the regulatory mechanism of GATICs. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrate the plasticity of GATIC and the interaction between GATIC and its surrounding factors (TIC niche or tumor microenvironment). All these investigations pave the way for the development of GATIC-targeted therapy, which is in the phase of preclinical studies and clinical trials. Here, we interpret the heterogeneity of GC from the perspectives of TIC by reviewing the above-mentioned fundamental and clinical studies of GATICs. Problems encountered during the GATIC investigations and the potential solutions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Peng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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21
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Zhang Q, Chen B, Liu P, Yang J. XIST promotes gastric cancer (GC) progression through TGF‐β1 via targeting miR‐185. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2787-2796. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyHuai'an First People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anChina
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of General SurgeryLian Shui People's HospitalLianshuiJiangsuChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologyHuai'an First People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anChina
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Abstract
Advances in cancer research in the past have led to an evolving understanding of cancer pathogenesis and the development of novel drugs that significantly improve patient outcomes. However, many patients still encounter treatment resistance, recurrence, or metastasis and eventually die from progressing disease. Experimental evidence indicates that a subpopulation of cancer cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), possess "stemness" properties similar to normal stem cells, including self-renewal, differentiation, and proliferative potential. These stemness properties are lost during differentiation and are governed by pathways such as STAT3, NANOG, NOTCH, WNT, and HEDGEHOG, which are highly dysregulated in CSCs due to genetic and epigenetic changes. Promising results have been observed in preclinical models targeting these CSCs through the disruption of stemness pathways in combination with current treatment modalities. This has led to anti-CSC-based clinical trials in multiple stages of development. In this review, we discuss the role of CSCs and stemness pathways in cancer treatment and how they relate to clinical observations. Because CSCs and the stemness pathways governing them may explain the negative clinical outcomes observed during treatment, it is important for oncologists to understand how they contribute to cancer progression and how they may be targeted to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., NC10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Huiping Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Jafari N, Abediankenari S. MicroRNA-34 dysregulation in gastric cancer and gastric cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701652. [PMID: 28468587 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with a low survival rate for patients with advanced forms of the disease. Over the recent decades, the investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of tumourigenesis has opened promising avenues to understand some of the complexities of cancer treatment. However, tumour regeneration and metastasis impose great difficulty for gastric cancer cure. In recent years, cancer stem cells - a small subset of tumour cells in many cancers - have become a major focus of cancer research. Cancer stem cells are capable of self-renewal and are known to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Recent studies have revealed the key role of microRNAs - small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression - in these processes. MicroRNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes in a post-transcriptional manner, though their expression is dysregulated in most malignancies, including gastric cancer. In this article, we review the consequences of aberrant expression of microRNA-34 in cancer and cancer stem cells, with a specific focus on the miR-34 dysregulation in gastric cancer and gastric cancer stem cells. We address the critical effects of the aberrant expression of miR-34 and its target genes in maintaining cancer stem cell properties. Information collection and discussion about the advancements in gastric cancer stem cells and microRNAs can be useful for providing novel insights into patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Jafari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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24
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Cai W, Chen G, Luo Q, Liu J, Guo X, Zhang T, Ma F, Yuan L, Li B, Cai J. PMP22 Regulates Self-Renewal and Chemoresistance of Gastric Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1187-1198. [PMID: 28336807 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells possess self-renewal and chemoresistance activities. However, the manner in which these features are maintained remains obscure. We sought to identify cell surface protein(s) that mark self-renewing and chemoresistant gastric cancer cells using the explorer antibody microarray. We identified PMP22, a target gene of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as the most upregulated cell surface protein in gastric cancer xenografts exposed to cisplatin (DDP). PMP22 expression was markedly upregulated in tumorspheric cells and declined with differentiation. Infecting gastric cancer cells with lentivirus expressing PMP22 shRNAs reduced proliferation, tumorsphere formation, and chemoresistance to cisplatin in vitro and in NOD/SCID mice. When combined with bortezomib, a PMP22 inhibitor, the chemotherapeutic sensitivity to cisplatin treatment was dramatically increased by inducing cell apoptosis in cultured cells and xenograft mouse models. Finally, mRNA expression levels of PMP22 were detected in 38 tumor specimens from patients who received six cycles of perioperative chemotherapy. A strong correlation between PMP22 level and tumor recurrence was revealed, thus showing a pivotal role of PMP22 in the clinical chemoresistance of gastric cancer. Our study is the first to show the role of PMP22 in gastric cancer stemness and chemoresistance and reveals a potential new target for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent gastric cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1187-98. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyu Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qicong Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Boan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Jianchun Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China. .,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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25
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Xia P, Xu XY. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition and gastric cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698373. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a big health problem in China. Gastric cancer cells contain a small subpopulation of cells that exhibit capabilities of differentiation and tumorigenicity. A putative explanation for ineffective therapy is the presence of cancer stem-like cells. Side population cells, which have cancer stem-like cells’ property, are characterized by the high efflux ability of Hoechst 33342 dye. Side population cells have been isolated from gastric cancer cell lines in previous studies. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition is very important in the invasion and metastasis of epithelial-derived cancers. More and more studies showed that gastric cancer stem-like cells possess high invasive ability and epithelial–mesenchymal transition property. A brief overview of the recent advancements in gastric cancer stem-like cells and epithelial–mesenchymal transition will be helpful for providing novel insight into gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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26
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Fu Y, Li H, Hao X. The self-renewal signaling pathways utilized by gastric cancer stem cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697577. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Cancer stem cells are the source of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Self-renewal is a marker of cancer stem cells and also the basis of long-lasting survival and tumor progression. Although the mechanism of gastric cancer stem cell self-renewal is not clear, there are several signaling pathways and environmental factors known to be involved. This mini review describes recent developments in the self-renewal signaling pathway of gastric cancer stem cell research. Advancements made in this field of research will likely support the development of novel therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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27
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Zhang WJ, Zhou ZH, Guo M, Yang LQ, Xu YY, Pang TH, Gao ST, Xu XY, Sun Q, Feng M, Wang H, Lu CL, Wu GZ, Guan WX, Xu GF. High Infiltration of Polarized CD163 + Tumor-Associated Macrophages Correlates with Aberrant Expressions of CSCs Markers, and Predicts Prognosis in Patients with Recurrent Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:363-370. [PMID: 28261336 PMCID: PMC5332886 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As the most predominant tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with poor outcome in multiple solid cancers and play important roles in cancer progression. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may account for metastasis and recurrence after cancer therapy. However, the association between TAMs and CSCs is not clarified in gastric cancer (GC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of TAMs on CSCs in GC and find out the risk factors to predict recurrence and prognosis. Material and methods: This study included consecutive 236 patients with histologically confirmed primary GC. TAMs marker CD163 and CSCs-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in GC tissues and their prognostic values were all investigated. Results: High expression of CD163+ TAMs was found in patents with aggressive characteristics, especially for patents with recurrence. There existed a significant correlation between high expression of CD163 and CSCs-related markers in GC tissues. In patients with recurrence, high-expression of CD163 TAMs was an independent worse prognostic factor. Conclusion: High infiltration of TAMs was related to aggressive behavior, associated with aberrant expression of CSC markers, and an independent worse prognostic factor in GC. Targeting TAMs may be a potential treatment strategy for GC, including patients with recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, People' s Hospital of Anji, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liu-Qing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao-Hong Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shan-Ting Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Yun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Lei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Xian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gui-Fang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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28
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Barat S, Chen X, Cuong Bui K, Bozko P, Götze J, Christgen M, Krech T, Malek NP, Plentz RR. Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor IX (GSI) Impairs Concomitant Activation of Notch and Wnt-Beta-Catenin Pathways in CD44 + Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:819-829. [PMID: 28186678 PMCID: PMC5442767 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with tumor resistance and are characterized in gastric cancer (GC). Studies have indicated that Notch and wnt-beta-catenin pathways are crucial for CSC development. Using CD44+ CSCs, we investigated the role of these pathways in GC carcinogenesis. We performed cell proliferation, wound healing, invasion, tumorsphere, and apoptosis assays. Immunoblot analysis of downstream signaling targets of Notch and wnt-beta-catenin were tested after gamma-secretase inhibitor IX (GSI) treatment. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to determine CD44 and Hairy enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) expression in human GC tissues. CD44+ CSCs were subcutaneously injected into NMR-nu/nu mice and treated with vehicle or GSI. GC patients with expression of CD44 and Hes1 showed overall reduced survival. CD44+ CSCs showed high expression of Hes1. GSI treatment showed effective inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor sphere formation of CD44+ CSCs, and induced apoptosis. Importanly, Notch1 was found to be important in mediating a crosstalk between Notch and wnt-beta-catenin in CD44+ CSCs. Our study highlights a crosstalk between Notch and wnt-beta-catenin in gastric CD44+ CSCs. Expression of CD44 and Hes1 is associated with patient overall survival. GSI could be an alternative drug to treat GC. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:819-829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarpita Barat
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Khac Cuong Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Götze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Universitötsklinik Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruben R Plentz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Mu J, Huang W, Tan Z, Li M, Zhang L, Ding Q, Wu X, Lu J, Liu Y, Dong Q, Xu H. Dopamine receptor D2 is correlated with gastric cancer prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1223-1227. [PMID: 28454238 PMCID: PMC5403577 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported previously that a dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) antagonist was able to induce cancer cell apoptosis and that DRD2 was expressed at high levels in pituitary adenomas. However, the expression of DRD2 in gastric cancer and its correlation with the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression of DRD2 in 84 paired gastric cancer tissues and respective adjacent non-cancerous tissues were detected using an immunohistochemical assay. The correlation between the expression of DRD2 and the with survival durations of the patients with gastric cancer was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. In addition, online resources were utilized to further analyze the correlation between the mRNA expression level of DRD2 and prognosis. The effect of the DRD2 antagonist, thioridazine, on the proliferation of the AGS gastric cancer cells was determined. The results of the present study showed that the percentage of gastric cancer cases with a high expression level of DRD2 (51.2%) was higher, compared with that of cases with a low expression level of DRD2 (39.3%). Patients with a higher expression of DRD2 had shorter survival durations. The online database analysis revealed that the expression of DRD2 was also inversely correlated with the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, the DRD2 antagonist, thioridazine, inhibited the growth of AGS gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, as the expression of DRD2 was negatively correlated with survival durations in patients with gastric cancer, it may be considered as a prognosis marker in the future. Developing DRD2 antagonists may assist in increasing the efficiency of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Weidan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Zhujun Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Maolan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Qichen Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Haineng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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30
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Yang L, Xu JF, Kang Q, Li AQ, Jin P, Wang X, He YQ, Li N, Cheng T, Sheng JQ. Predictive Value of Stemness Factor Sox2 in Gastric Cancer Is Associated with Tumor Location and Stage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169124. [PMID: 28046028 PMCID: PMC5207680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be the "root" of cancer. Although stemness-related factors ALDH1A1 and Sox2 have been used as markers to identify gastric CSCs, the expression pattern and significance of these factors in gastric cancer have not been sufficiently demonstrated. In this study, the expressions of ALDH1A1 and Sox2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 122 gastric cancer specimens. And the correlation between Sox2 or ALDH1A1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and overall survival data were analyzed. The positive rate of ALDH1A1 expression was 60%, but there was no significant difference between survival rates of ALDH1A1-positive and ALDH1A1-negative patients. Sox2 was expressed in 42% of specimens and was associated with poor prognosis of patients (P = 0.015). Stratified analysis showed that Sox2 expression correlated with shorter lifespan only in patients with cardiac gastric cancers (P = 0.002) or stage I or II gastric cancers (P = 0.002); but not in patients with non-cardiac cancers (P = 0.556) or stage III or IV gastric cancers (P = 0.121). Analysis on a database cohort validated the correlation between Sox2 expression and poor prognosis in stage II cancer. Also, expression of Sox2 was associated with lymphnode metastasis in patients with cardiac gastric cancer (P = 0.037). A multivariate analysis revealed that Sox2 was an independent prognostic factor in cardiac gastric cancer. Our results indicate that predictive value of Sox2 in gastric cancer is associated with cardiac cancer location and with early cancer stages (I and II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JQS); (LY)
| | - Jun-Feng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- GraduateCollege, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Qin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Pathology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Qiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JQS); (LY)
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31
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Rivas-Ortiz CI, Lopez-Vidal Y, Arredondo-Hernandez LJR, Castillo-Rojas G. Genetic Alterations in Gastric Cancer Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:47. [PMID: 28512631 PMCID: PMC5411440 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a world health problem and depicts the fourth leading mortality cause from malignancy in Mexico. Causation of gastric cancer is not only due to the combined effects of environmental factors and genetic variants. Recent molecular studies have transgressed a number of genes involved in gastric carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to understand the recent basics of gene expression in the development of the process of gastric carcinogenesis. Genetic variants, polymorphisms, desoxyribonucleic acid methylation, and genes involved in mediating inflammation have been associated with the development of gastric carcinogenesis. Recently, these genes (interleukin 10, Il-17, mucin 1, β-catenin, CDX1, SMAD4, SERPINE1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha, GSK3β, CDH17, matrix metalloproteinase 7, RUNX3, RASSF1A, TFF1, HAI-2, and COX-2) have been studied in association with oncogenic activation or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. All these mechanisms have been investigated to elucidate the process of gastric carcinogenesis, as well as their potential use as biomarkers and/or molecular targets to treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I. Rivas-Ortiz
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Lopez-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gonzalo Castillo-Rojas
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Gonzalo Castillo-Rojas,
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32
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Xie FY, Xu WH, Yin C, Zhang GQ, Zhong YQ, Gao J. Nanomedicine strategies for sustained, controlled, and targeted treatment of cancer stem cells of the digestive system. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:735-744. [PMID: 27795813 PMCID: PMC5064051 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i10.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a small proportion of the cancer cells that have self-renewal capacity and tumor-initiating ability. They have been identified in a variety of tumors, including tumors of the digestive system. CSCs exhibit some unique characteristics, which are responsible for cancer metastasis and recurrence. Consequently, the development of effective therapeutic strategies against CSCs plays a key role in increasing the efficacy of cancer therapy. Several potential approaches to target CSCs of the digestive system have been explored, including targeting CSC surface markers and signaling pathways, inducing the differentiation of CSCs, altering the tumor microenvironment or niche, and inhibiting ATP-driven efflux transporters. However, conventional therapies may not successfully eradicate CSCs owing to various problems, including poor solubility, stability, rapid clearance, poor cellular uptake, and unacceptable cytotoxicity. Nanomedicine strategies, which include drug, gene, targeted, and combinational delivery, could solve these problems and significantly improve the therapeutic index. This review briefly summarizes the ongoing development of strategies and nanomedicine-based therapies against CSCs of the digestive system.
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Lu L, Wu M, Sun L, Li W, Fu W, Zhang X, Liu T. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cancer stem cell markers CD44 and CD133 in patients with gastric cancer: A comprehensive meta-analysis with 4729 patients involved. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5163. [PMID: 27759647 PMCID: PMC5079331 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, CD44 and CD133 have been identified as 2 common used cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in gastric cancer. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic value of these markers in gastric cancer remains controversial; moreover, there is lack of comparison of these 2 markers' roles in clinical applications. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate these markers' clinicopathological features and association with prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS Eligible studies were identified and odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were analyzed as well. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger tests. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 26 studies involving 4729 patients. High expression of CD44 was associated with Lauren type (intestinal type) (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.02-2.30]; P = 0.038) and lymphatic vessel invasion (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.06-1.76]; P = 0.021). CD133 overexpression was related to high TNM stage (III/IV) (OR, 3.18 [95% CI, 2.48-4.07]; P = 0.000), high depth of invasion (T3/T4) (OR, 2.97 [95% CI, 2.20-4.03]; P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (OR, 2.82 [95% CI, 2.16-3.69]; P = 0.000), vascular invasion (OR, 6.71 [95% CI, 1.63-27.63]; P = 0.008), and distant metastasis (OR, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.64-3.29]; P = 0.000). In addition, survival analysis demonstrated a significant association between CD44, as well as CD133 and poor 5-year overall survival (HR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.55-2.26]; P = 0.000; HR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.76-2.44]; P = 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSION These data suggest that upregulated expression of CD44 and CD133 correlates with several clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. Since the related features do not overlap, combined detection of CD44 and CD133 expression can be an especially effective tool for pathological diagnosis and prognostic prediction of gastric cancer patients in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Menglin Wu
- Radiology Department, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Longhao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Radiology Department, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Correspondence: Tong Liu, Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China (e-mail: ); Xuening Zhang, Radiology Department, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300052, China (e-mail: )
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
- Correspondence: Tong Liu, Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China (e-mail: ); Xuening Zhang, Radiology Department, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300052, China (e-mail: )
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Huang F, Wang BR, Wu YQ, Wang FC, Zhang J, Wang YG. Oncolytic viruses against cancer stem cells: A promising approach for gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7999-8009. [PMID: 27672294 PMCID: PMC5028813 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer has been one of the five most commonly diagnosed and leading causes of cancer mortality over the past few decades. Great progress in traditional therapies has been made, which prolonged survival in patients with early cancer, yet tumor relapse and drug resistance still occurred, which is explained by the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory. Oncolytic virotherapy has attracted increasing interest in cancer because of its ability to infect and lyse CSCs. This paper reviews the basic knowledge, CSC markers and therapeutics of gastrointestinal cancer (liver, gastric, colon and pancreatic cancer), as well as research advances and possible molecular mechanisms of various oncolytic viruses against gastrointestinal CSCs. This paper also summarizes the existing obstacles to oncolytic virotherapy and proposes several alternative suggestions to overcome the therapeutic limitations.
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35
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Wang S, Liu F, Deng J, Cai X, Han J, Liu Q. Long Noncoding RNA ROR Regulates Proliferation, Invasion, and Stemness of Gastric Cancer Stem Cell. Cell Reprogram 2016; 18:319-326. [PMID: 27602437 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains an incurable malignance and the second leading cause of cancer death globally. Recent progress in gastric cancer research has demonstrated the crucial roles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the development, metastasis, and drug resistance of this disease. Various studies have highlighted the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. In this study, through fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we isolated gastric CSCs (GCSCs) from MKN-45 cells and demonstrated for the first time that lncRNA ROR was highly expressed in CD133+ GCSCs. Overexpression of lncRNA ROR significantly increased, but knockdown of lncRNA ROR inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GCSCs. Most importantly, lncRNA ROR led to upregulation of several key stemness transcriptional factors, such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, as well as CD133 GCSC. Our data demonstrated that lncRNA ROR was associated with core stemness transcriptional factors and the pluripotent state of GCSCs. These results further improved our understanding of the functional cross talking network during development of GCSCs and may provide novel target for the diagnostics and therapeutics of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China .,2 Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital , Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Liu
- 3 Department of Medical Imaging, WeiFang Medical University , Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Junji Deng
- 2 Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital , Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xinsheng Cai
- 2 Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital , Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Junqing Han
- 4 Department of Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- 5 Institute of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China
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Kulsum S, Sudheendra HV, Pandian R, Ravindra DR, Siddappa G, R N, Chevour P, Ramachandran B, Sagar M, Jayaprakash A, Mehta A, Kekatpure V, Hedne N, Kuriakose MA, Suresh A. Cancer stem cell mediated acquired chemoresistance in head and neck cancer can be abrogated by aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 inhibition. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:694-711. [PMID: 27380877 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance leading to disease relapse is one of the major challenges to improve outcome in head and neck cancers. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are increasingly being implicated in chemotherapy resistance, this study investigates the correlation between CSC behavior and acquired drug resistance in in vitro cell line models. Cell lines resistant to Cisplatin (Cal-27 CisR, Hep-2 CisR) and 5FU (Cal-27 5FUR) with high Resistance Indices (RI) were generated (RI ≥ 3) by short-term treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines with chemotherapeutic drugs (Cisplatin, Docetaxel, 5FU), using a dose-incremental strategy. The cell lines (Cal-27 DoxR, Hep-2 DoxR, Hep-2 5FUR) that showed low RI, nevertheless had a high cross resistance to Cisplatin/5FU (P < 0.05). Cal-27 CisR and DoxR showed 12-14% enrichment of CD44+ cells, while CisR/5FUR showed 4-6% increase in ALDH1A1+ cells as compared to parental cells (P < 0.05). Increased expression of stem cell markers (CD44, CD133, NOTCH1, ALDH1A1, OCT4, SOX2) in these cell lines, correlated with enhanced spheroid/colony formation, migratory potential, and increased in vivo tumor burden (P < 0.05). Inhibition of ALDH1A1 in Cal-27 CisR led to down regulation of the CSC markers, reduction in migratory, self-renewal and tumorigenic potential (P < 0.05) accompanied by an induction of sensitivity to Cisplatin (P < 0.05). Further, ex vivo treatment of explants (n = 4) from HNSCC patients with the inhibitor (NCT-501) in combination with Cisplatin showed a significant decrease in proliferating cells as compared to individual treatment (P = 0.001). This study hence suggests an ALDH1A1-driven, CSC-mediated mechanism in acquired drug resistance of HNSCC, which may have therapeutic implications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safeena Kulsum
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Holalugunda Vittalamurthy Sudheendra
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramanan Pandian
- GROW Laboratory; Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Gangotri Siddappa
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nisheena R
- Department of Pathology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Chevour
- GROW Laboratory; Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Oncology, Syngene International Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Milind Sagar
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology-Oncology, Syngene International Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | | | - Alka Mehta
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikram Kekatpure
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Hedne
- Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Moni A Kuriakose
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health, Bommasandra, Anekal Taluk Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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Riquelme I, Saavedra K, Espinoza JA, Weber H, García P, Nervi B, Garrido M, Corvalán AH, Roa JC, Bizama C. Molecular classification of gastric cancer: Towards a pathway-driven targeted therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24750-79. [PMID: 26267324 PMCID: PMC4694793 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although surgical resection is a potentially curative approach for localized cases of GC, most cases of GC are diagnosed in an advanced, non-curable stage and the response to traditional chemotherapy is limited. Fortunately, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate GC hold great promise for the development of more effective treatment strategies. In this review, an overview of the morphological classification, current treatment approaches, and molecular alterations that have been characterized for GC are provided. In particular, the most recent molecular classification of GC and alterations identified in relevant signaling pathways, including ErbB, VEGF, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and HGF/MET signaling pathways, are described, as well as inhibitors of these pathways. An overview of the completed and active clinical trials related to these signaling pathways are also summarized. Finally, insights regarding emerging stem cell pathways are described, and may provide additional novel markers for the development of therapeutic agents against GC. The development of more effective agents and the identification of biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized therapy for GC patients, have the potential to improve the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness for GC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Riquelme
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, CEGIN-BIOREN, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, CEGIN-BIOREN, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, CEGIN-BIOREN, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Nervi
- UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Garrido
- UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Shen X, Si Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Guo Y, Zhang X. Quercetin inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer stem cells by inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:619-26. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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39
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Cao X, Ren K, Song Z, Li D, Quan M, Zheng Y, Cao J, Zeng W, Zou H. 7-Difluoromethoxyl-5,4′-di-n-octyl genistein inhibits the stem-like characteristics of gastric cancer stem-like cells and reverses the phenotype of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1157-65. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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40
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Zhong J, Chen Y, Wang LJ. Emerging molecular basis of hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2434-2440. [PMID: 26937132 PMCID: PMC4768190 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is commonly observed in gastric cancer (GC), but hematogenous metastasis is more likely responsible for the cancer-related mortality. Since Stephen Paget first introduced the “seed and soil hypothesis” a century ago, growing evidence recognizes that numerous essential secreted factors and signaling pathway effectors participate in the pre-metastatic niche formation and distant organ metastasis. The cross-talk between GC cells and surrounding microenvironment may consist of a series of interrelated steps, including epithelial mesenchymal transition, intravasation into blood vessels, circulating tumor cell translocation, and secondary organ metastasis. Secreted factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases and cancer-derived extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, are essential in formation of premetastatic niche. Circulating tumor cells and microRNAs represent as ‘‘metastatic intermediates’’ between primary tumors and sites of dissemination. Many biomarkers have been identified as novel metastatic markers and prognostic effectors. In addition, molecular therapy has been designed to target biomarkers such as growth factors (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, VEGF) and chemokines, although they have not clearly proven to be effective in inhibiting GC metastasis in clinical trials. In this review, we will systematically discuss the emerging molecules and their microenvironment in hematogenous metastasis of GC, which may help us to find new therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is an important healthcare problem and represents the second leading cause of death for malignant disease worldwide. In the Western world, the diagnosis is done at late stage when treatments can be only palliative. Searches for new therapeutic regimens as well as for new biomarkers are in progress. To reduce cancer mortality is crucial the prevention of the lesion at earlier stages. Therefore, new bullets to prevention are needed. Nowadays, studies relating to different kinds of tumor are unanimous in considering cancer stem cells (CSCs) as "the core" of the tumor and the responsible of tumor chemoresistance and relapse. This chapter aims to provide the instructions to (1) isolate, (2) grow, and (3) validate, both in vivo and in vitro, the gastric CSC subpopulation.
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42
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Błogowski W, Zuba-Surma E, Sałata D, Budkowska M, Dołęgowska B, Starzyńska T. Peripheral trafficking of bone-marrow-derived stem cells in patients with different types of gastric neoplasms. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1099798. [PMID: 27141380 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1099798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the importance of stem cells (SCs) in the development/progression of gastric neoplasms. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of different populations of bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in patients with various types of gastric malignancies, including gastric cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), and lymphomas. We found significantly lower numbers of circulating Lin-/CD45 +/ CD133 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and intensified peripheral trafficking of both Lin-/CD45-/CXCR4+/CD34+/CD133+ very small embryonic/epiblast-like stem cells (VSELs) and CD105 + /STRO-1 +/ CD45- mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) in patients with gastric cancer, but not in those with other types of gastric neoplasms. No significant differences in the absolute numbers of circulating CD34 +/ KDR +/ CD31 +/ CD45- endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were observed between the groups. This abnormal balance in the peripheral trafficking of BMSCs in patients with gastric cancer was neither associated with clinical stage of the disease nor with systemic levels of stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), as these were comparable to the values observed in control individuals. Interestingly, the absolute numbers of circulating BMSCs correlated with the concentrations of complement cascade-derived anaphylatoxins/molecules (mainly C5b-9/membrane attack complex-MAC) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In summary, our translational study revealed that abnormal peripheral trafficking of BMSCs occurs in patients with gastric cancer, but not in those with other types of gastric neoplasms. Further, our findings indicate that highlighted complement cascade-derived molecules and S1P, but not SDF-1, are significant players associated with this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Błogowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland; Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Daria Sałata
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Szczecin, Poland
| | - Teresa Starzyńska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Szczecin, Poland
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Sonic hedgehog-glioma associated oncogene homolog 1 signaling enhances drug resistance in CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) gastric cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:124-33. [PMID: 26276718 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance in gastric cancer largely results from the gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs), which could be targeted to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. In this study, we identified a subpopulation of GCSCs enriched in holoclones that expressed CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) stem cell biomarkers, capable of self-renewal and proliferation. Enriched CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) GCSCs demonstrated elevated expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), the well-known signaling pathway molecules involved in the drug resistance. Further, CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) cells exhibited high drug efflux bump activity and were resistant to doxorubicin (Dox)-induced apoptosis, and unregulated the ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) expression,. The above effects on apoptosis were reversed in the presence of GLI inhibitors, GANT61 and GDC-0449, or by the knockdown of GLI1/SHH. Upon knockdown of GLI1, expression of ABCG2 was downregulated the antitumor effects were significantly improved as observed in the gastric cancer xenograft. Collectively, our study revealed that co-expression of CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) could be used to identify GCSCs, which also accounts for the drug resistance in gastric cancer. SHH-GLI and its downstream effector ABCG2 could be better targeted to possibly improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in drug-resistant gastric cancers.
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Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Regulating Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:261620. [PMID: 26161392 PMCID: PMC4486742 DOI: 10.1155/2015/261620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important complementary strategy for treating cancer in China. The mechanism is related to regulating the internal environment and remodeling the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIM). Herein we illustrate how TIM is reformed and its protumor activity on promoting tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, tumor invasion, and the oncogenicity of cancer stem cells. Furthermore we summarize the effects and mechanism of TCM on regulating TIM via enhancing antitumor immune responses (e.g., regulating the expression of MHC molecules and Fas/FasL, attenuating cancerigenic ability of cancer stem cells) and remolding immunosuppressive cells (e.g., reversing immune phenotypes of T lymphocytes and tumor associated macrophages, promoting dendritic cells mature, restraining myeloid derived suppressor cells function, and regulating Th1/Th2 factors). We also reveal the bidirectional and multitargeting functions of TCM on regulating TIM. Hopefully, it provides new theoretical basis for TCM clinical practice in cancer treatment and prevention.
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Xia P, Song CL, Liu JF, Wang D, Xu XY. Prognostic value of circulating CD133(+) cells in patients with gastric cancer. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:311-7. [PMID: 25727099 PMCID: PMC6496317 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastric cancer is an important cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide (1). There is increasing evidence that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) is responsible for tumour formation and maintenance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was designed to recognise circulating CSCs from blood samples of patients with gastric cancer, using CD133 and ABCG2 as potential markers. CD133(-) , CD133(+) ABCG2(-) and CD133(+) ABCG2(+) cells lines were analysed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and real-time PCR. Furthermore, functional assays (clonogenic assay in vitro and tumourigenic assay in vivo) were also performed using these cell lines. RESULTS Higher percentages of CD133(+) cells were identified in blood samples from gastric cancer patients compared to normal controls. In addition, we found by using Kaplan-Meier analysis, that numbers of CD133(+) cells correlated with poor prognosis gastric cancer patients. Finally, tumourigenic properties of CD133(+) ABCG2(+) cells were determined in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CD133(+) ABCG2(+) cells exhibited well-known CSC characteristics; thus when circulating they could be used as a prognostic marker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121000, China
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46
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Wu Y, Li Z, Zhang C, Yu K, Teng Z, Zheng G, Wang S, Liu Y, Cui L, Yu X. CD44 family proteins in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis and narrative review. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3595-3606. [PMID: 26064255 PMCID: PMC4443089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With a meta-analysis and narrative review, we evaluated the clinical and prognostic role of all CD44 family proteins in gastric cancer (GC). Literatures published up to August 2014 were searched on PubMed. Among the 37 eligible studies (6606 patients), 34 were included in meta-analysis, and 10 were subjected to narrative review. With meta-analysis, standard CD44 (CD44s) was demonstrated to predict reduced overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.58-2.34, PHR = 0.0222) and disease free survival (HR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.02-9.68, PHR = 0.0469), advanced N-stage (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21, PRR = 0.0019), and distant metastasis (RR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.46-3.14, PRR < 0.0001) of GC. CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) in GC might influence OS (5 studies; HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.75-2.14, PHR = 0.3783; 4 studies; HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.14, PHR = 0.0139), while significantly associated with N-stage (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03-1.48, PRR = 0.0240), M-stage (RR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.08-6.00, PRR = 0.0333), TNM-stage (RR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.18-2.50, PRR = 0.0045), Lauren type (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91, PRR = 0.0106), lymphatic invasion (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04-1.23, PRR = 0.0057), and liver metastasis (RR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.94-5.27, PRR < 0.0001) of the disease. Moreover, a narrative review was performed for CD44 isoforms, such as v3, v5, v7, v8-10, and v9, in GC. In conclusion, CD44s and CD44v6 as evaluated by immunohistochemistry, respectively, predicts the prognosis and disease severity of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zan Teng
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoliang Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Information Management and Information System (Medicine), China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaosong Yu
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
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郑 少, 李 书, 王 红, 谢 晓, 张 雅. [Isolation and identification of CD133 positive and negative cells from human lung cancer and screening of the differential genes between the positive and negative cells]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 18:123-30. [PMID: 25800567 PMCID: PMC6000004 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.03.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It has been proven that cancer stem cell existed in variety of cancer, which an significant difference of biological characteristics was observed between the cancer stem cells and non-cancer stem cells. And CD133 is considered to be cancer stem cell marker. So there may be significant differences in CD133- positive cells and CD133-negative cells. The aim of this study is to isolate CD133+ cells and CD133- cells from lung cancer cell line A549, explore their biological characteristics and screen the metastasis-related genes. METHODS MACS was applied to isolate CD133+ cells and CD133- cells from human lung cancer cell line A549. To observe the formation of sphere, CD133+ cells and CD133- cells were cultured in serum-free DMEM-F12 medium (containing EGF, bFGF) in vitro. The colony formatting efficiency of CD133+ cells, CD133- cells and cells without sorting was tested by colony-forming assay. The differentiation of sphere was induced by culturing in DMEM-F12 medium (containing serum). The metastasis-related genes (84 genes) of CD133+ cells and CD133- cells were detected by using DNA microarray. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD133 protein in Human lung cancer tissue. RESULTS CD133+ cells formed sphere in serum-free DMEM-F12 medium,while the CD133- cells failed to form sphere. The rates of CD133+ cell colony formation (57.1%) was significantly higher than that of CD133- cells (3.3%). Sphere (CD133+/CK7-) was induced to differentiate, and CK7 expression was found in differentiated cells. The expression levels of 19 metastasis-related genes from CD133+ cells and CD133- cells were significant different. Little CD133 positive cells which distributing around the cancer nests were found in lung cancer tissue. The expression of CD133 was not related to tumor types, cell differentiation or TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS CD133+ cells exhibit the characteristics of cancer stem cells. The difference of metastasis-related gene expression levels was discovered between CD133+ cells and CD133- cells. CD82 plays an important role in mechanism of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 少秋 郑
- 514031 梅州,梅州市人民医院病理科Department of Pathology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - 书华 李
- 510182 广州,广州医科大学病理教研室Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - 红艳 王
- 510182 广州,广州医科大学病理教研室Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - 晓斌 谢
- 510182 广州,广州医科大学病理教研室Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - 雅洁 张
- 510182 广州,广州医科大学病理教研室Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
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Wang W, Dong LP, Zhang N, Zhao CH. Role of cancer stem cell marker CD44 in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:5059-5066. [PMID: 25664005 PMCID: PMC4307452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronic acid, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the relationship between CD44 expression and the patients with gastric cancer remains controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively review the correlation of CD44 expression with the clinicopathological data of the patients with gastric cancer. We conducted a final analysis of the patients from 18 studies. Combined odds ratios (OR) suggested that CD44 expression was related with stage, tumor size, and LN metastasis of gastric cancer, and CD44v6 was related with LN metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion. Our results suggested that CD44 and CD44v6 expression could be used to predict the metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Dong
- Library of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, P.R. China
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Shukla S, Meeran SM. Epigenetics of cancer stem cells: Pathways and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3494-3502. [PMID: 25240776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation and histone modifications are the key factors in the differentiation of stem cells into different tissue subtypes. The generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the process of carcinogenesis may also involve similar kind of epigenetic reprogramming where, in contrast, it leads to the loss of expression of genes specific to the differentiated state and regaining of stem cell-specific characteristics. The most important predicament with treatment of cancers includes the non-responsive quiescent CSC. SCOPE OF REVIEW The distinctive capabilities of the CSCs make cancer treatment even more difficult as this population of cells tends to remain quiescent for longer intervals and then gets reactivated leading to tumor relapse. Therefore, the current review is aimed to focus on recent advances in understanding the relation of epigenetic reprogramming to the generation, self-renewal and proliferation of CSCs. MAJOR CONCLUSION CSC-targeted therapeutic approaches would improve the chances of patient survival by reducing the frequency of tumor relapse. Differentiation therapy is an emerging therapeutic approach in which the CSCs are induced to differentiate from their quiescent state to a mature differentiated form, through activation of differentiation-related signalling pathways, miRNA-mediated alteration and epigenetic differentiation therapy. Thus, understanding the origin of CSC and their epigenetic regulation is crucial to develop treatment strategy against not only for the heterogeneous population of cancer cells but also to CSCs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Characterizing the epigenetic marks of CSCs and the associated signalling cascades might help in developing therapeutic strategies against chemo-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriddhi Shukla
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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