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Yazdani A, Mendez-Giraldez R, Yazdani A, Wang RS, Schaid DJ, Kong SW, Hadi MR, Samiei A, Samiei E, Wittenbecher C, Lasky-Su J, Clish CB, Muehlschlegel JD, Marotta F, Loscalzo J, Mora S, Chasman DI, Larson MG, Elsea SH. Broadcasters, receivers, functional groups of metabolites, and the link to heart failure by revealing metabolomic network connectivity. Metabolomics 2024; 20:71. [PMID: 38972029 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Blood-based small molecule metabolites offer easy accessibility and hold significant potential for insights into health processes, the impact of lifestyle, and genetic variation on disease, enabling precise risk prevention. In a prospective study with records of heart failure (HF) incidence, we present metabolite profiling data from individuals without HF at baseline. METHODS We uncovered the interconnectivity of metabolites using data-driven and causal networks augmented with polygenic factors. Exploring the networks, we identified metabolite broadcasters, receivers, mediators, and subnetworks corresponding to functional classes of metabolites, and provided insights into the link between metabolomic architecture and regulation in health. We incorporated the network structure into the identification of metabolites associated with HF to control the effect of confounding metabolites. RESULTS We identified metabolites associated with higher and lower risk of HF incidence, such as glycine, ureidopropionic and glycocholic acids, and LPC 18:2. These associations were not confounded by the other metabolites due to uncovering the connectivity among metabolites and adjusting each association for the confounding metabolites. Examples of our findings include the direct influence of asparagine on glycine, both of which were inversely associated with HF. These two metabolites were influenced by polygenic factors and only essential amino acids, which are not synthesized in the human body and are obtained directly from the diet. CONCLUSION Metabolites may play a critical role in linking genetic background and lifestyle factors to HF incidence. Revealing the underlying connectivity of metabolites associated with HF strengthens the findings and facilitates studying complex conditions like HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Yazdani
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Data Science Initiative, The Broad Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | | | - Akram Yazdani
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Reza Hadi
- School of Mathematics, University of Science and Technology of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Samiei
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jochen D Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention and Vitality & Longevity Medical Science Commission, Femtec, Milano, Italy
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- The Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Yazdani A. WITHDRAWN: Broadcasters, receivers, functional groups of metabolites and the link to heart failure using polygenic factors. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3272974. [PMID: 37674714 PMCID: PMC10479558 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3272974/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
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Yazdani A. WITHDRAWN: Broadcasters, receivers, functional groups of metabolites and the link to heart failure using polygenic factors. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3272974. [PMID: 37674714 PMCID: PMC10479558 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3272974/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
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Gu C, Yin Y, Sun Y, Liu J, Li X, Zhang X. Exploring the mechanism of lung injury induced by lunar dust simulant in rats based on metabolomic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:184-198. [PMID: 37681755 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are considered to be important mechanisms of lung injury induced by lunar dust. However, the pulmonary toxicological mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, Wistar rats were exposed to CLDS-i 7 days/week, 4 h/day, for 4 weeks in the mouth and nose. Lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Enzyme activities and expression levels of key metabolic enzymes were detected by biochemical analysis and real-time PCR. The pathological features of lung tissue showed that CLDS-i caused congestion and inflammation in the lungs, and the lung structure was severely damaged. Metabolomics analysis showed that 141 metabolites were significantly changed in the lung tissue of the CLDS-i group compared with the control group. Combined with Kegg pathway analysis, it was found that the changes of amino acid metabolites were involved in these pathways, indicating that the simulated lunar dust exposure had the most obvious effect on amino acid metabolism in the lung tissue of rats. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of six key enzymes related to amino acid metabolism was changed, and the enzyme activities of these key enzymes were also changed, which were consistent with the results of qPCR. These results suggest that changes in amino acid metabolism may be closely related to the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by lunar dust, and amino acid metabolism may be a potential biomarker of lung diseases related to lunar dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhang Yin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiongyao Li
- Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
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Erginel B, Yanar F, Ilhan B, Yüksel S, Mikailo P, Berker N, Keskin E, Gün Soysal F. Is the increased ozone dosage key factor for its anti-inflammatory effect in an experimental model of mesenteric ischemia? ULUS TRAVMA ACIL CER 2023; 29:1069-1074. [PMID: 37791435 PMCID: PMC10644088 DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2023.86086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion injury of the intestines is a severe surgical condition. This study aimed to reveal ozone therapy effects with relatively increased ozone dosage in a created ischemia/reperfusion injury model. METHODS In this study, 24 albino Wistar rats were examined in three groups. Rats in the control group (CG, n=8) underwent only a laparotomy. In the sham group (SG, n=8) and ozone group (OG, n=8), the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) of the rats was occluded for 1 h. After deoccluding the SMA, the abdomen was closed, physiological saline was infused intraperitoneally in the SG, and an increased ozone/oxygen mixture dose (from 0.7 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg) was infused intraperitoneally in the OG. Small intestine samples were obtained at the 24th h for histopathological examination of intestinal mucosal injury and evaluated according to the Chiu score. In addition, Malondialdehyde and Myeloperoxidase levels were evaluated for oxidant levels, whereas, Glutathione (GSH) enzyme activity was measured to evaluate the tissue antioxidant system. RESULTS Histopathologically, the Chiu score was the lowest in the CG. It was lower in the OG compared to the SG showing the ameliorating effect of ozone on the intestinal mucosa. Chiu score in the OG was higher compared to that in the CG, but not statistically significant. A significantly higher GSH level was observed in the OG compared to the SG, proving antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION In this experimental model of ischemia/reperfusion in rats, treatment with an increased ozone level decreased the inflammatory process through antioxidant mechanisms and reduced intestinal mucosal damage. However, the effectiveness of ozone therapy depends on its dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Erginel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul-Türkiye
| | - Fatih Yanar
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul-Türkiye
| | - Burak Ilhan
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul-Türkiye
| | - Seçil Yüksel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul-Türkiye
| | - Parvana Mikailo
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul-Türkiye
| | - Neslihan Berker
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul-Türkiye
| | - Erbug Keskin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul-Türkiye
| | - Feryal Gün Soysal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul-Türkiye
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Yazdani A, Mendez-Giraldez R, Yazdani A, Schaid D, Won Kong S, Hadi M, Samiei A, Wittenbecher C, Lasky-Su J, Clish C, Marotta F, Kosorok M, Mora S, Muehlschlegel J, Chasman D, Larson M, Elsea S. Broadcasters, receivers, functional groups of metabolites and the link to heart failure progression using polygenic factors. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3246406. [PMID: 37645766 PMCID: PMC10462252 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3246406/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In a prospective study with records of heart failure (HF) incidence, we present metabolite profiling data from individuals without HF at baseline. We uncovered the interconnectivity of metabolites using data-driven and causal networks augmented with polygenic factors. Exploring the networks, we identified metabolite broadcasters, receivers, mediators, and subnetworks corresponding to functional classes of metabolites, and provided insights into the link between metabolomic architecture and regulation in health. We incorporated the network structure into the identification of metabolites associated with HF to control the effect of confounding metabolites. We identified metabolites associated with higher or lower risk of HF incidence, the associations that were not confounded by the other metabolites, such as glycine, ureidopropionic and glycocholic acids, and LPC 18:2. We revealed the underlying relationships of the findings. For example, asparagine directly influenced glycine, and both were inversely associated with HF. These two metabolites were influenced by polygenic factors and only essential amino acids which are not synthesized in the human body and come directly from the diet. Metabolites may play a critical role in linking genetic background and lifestyle factors to HF progression. Revealing the underlying connectivity of metabolites associated with HF strengthens the findings and facilitates a mechanistic understanding of HF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akram Yazdani
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School
| | - Daniel Schaid
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | | | - Mohamad Hadi
- School of Mathematics, University of science and technology of Iran, Tehran
| | - Ahmad Samiei
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samia Mora
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Belenichev IF, Aliyeva OG, Popazova OO, Bukhtiyarova NV. Involvement of heat shock proteins HSP70 in the mechanisms of endogenous neuroprotection: the prospect of using HSP70 modulators. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1131683. [PMID: 37138769 PMCID: PMC10150069 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1131683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This analytical review summarizes literature data and our own research on HSP70-dependent mechanisms of neuroprotection and discusses potential pharmacological agents that can influence HSP70 expression to improve neurological outcomes and effective therapy. The authors formed a systemic concepts of the role of HSP70-dependent mechanisms of endogenous neuroprotection aimed at stopping the formation of mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of apoptosis, desensitization of estrogen receptors, reduction of oxidative and nitrosative stress, prevention of morpho-functional changes in brain cells during cerebral ischemia, and experimentally substantiated new target links for neuroprotection. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are an evolutionarily integral part of the functioning of all cells acting as intracellular chaperones that support cell proteostasis under normal and various stress conditions (hyperthermia, hypoxia, oxidative stress, radiation, etc.). The greatest curiosity in conditions of ischemic brain damage is the HSP70 protein, as an important component of the endogenous neuroprotection system, which, first of all, performs the function of intracellular chaperones and ensures the processes of folding, holding and transport of synthesized proteins, as well as their degradation, both under normoxic conditions and stress-induced denaturation. A direct neuroprotective effect of HSP70 has been established, which is realized through the regulation the processes of apoptosis and cell necrosis due to a long-term effect on the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, chaperone activity, and stabilization of active enzymes. An increase in the level of HSP70 leads to the normalization of the glutathione link of the thiol-disulfide system and an increase in the resistance of cells to ischemia. HSP 70 is able to activate and regulate compensatory ATP synthesis pathways during ischemia. It was found that in response to the cerebral ischemia formation, HIF-1a is expressed, which initiates the launch of compensatory mechanisms for energy production. Subsequently, the regulation of these processes switches to HSP70, which "prolongs" the action of HIF-1a, and also independently maintains the expression of mitochondrial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase activity, thereby maintaining the activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle mechanism for a long time. During ischemia of organs and tissues, HSP70 performs a protective function, which is realized through increased synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, stabilization of oxidatively damaged macromolecules, and direct anti-apoptotic and mitoprotective action. Such a role of these proteins in cellular reactions during ischemia raises the question of the development of new neuroprotective agents which are able to provide modulation/protection of the genes encoding the synthesis of HSP 70 and HIF-1a proteins. Numerous studies of recent years have noted the important role of HSP70 in the implementation of the mechanisms of metabolic adaptation, neuroplasticity and neuroprotection of brain cells, so the positive modulation of the HSP70 system is a perspective concept of neuroprotection, which can improve the efficiency of the treatment of ischemic-hypoxic brain damage and be the basis for substantiating of the feasibility of using of HSP70 modulators as promising neuroprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor F. Belenichev
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Formulation With Course of Normal Physiology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Olena G. Aliyeva
- Department of Medical Biology, Parasitology and Genetics, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Olena O. Popazova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Nina V. Bukhtiyarova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
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Yang M, Zhang X, Zhao S, Shao R, Fan K, Hu K, Zhang L, Yang Y. Protective effects of glutamine on lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatitis in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:70-78. [PMID: 36259626 PMCID: PMC9989145 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221126562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulminant hepatitis remains a critical health problem owing to its high mortality rate and the lack of effective therapies. An increasing number of studies have shown that glutamine supplementation provides protective benefits in inflammation-related disorders, but the pharmacological significance of glutamine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-induced fulminant hepatitis remains unclear. In the present study, the potential effects of glutamine on LPS/D-Gal-induced fulminant hepatitis were investigated. Pretreatment with glutamine decreased plasma activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, and ameliorated hepatic morphological abnormalities in LPS/D-Gal-exposed mice. Glutamine pretreatment also inhibited LPS/D-Gal-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. In addition, glutamine pretreatment decreased the level of cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase 3 (caspase-3), suppressed the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, and reduced the number of cells positive for TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling in LPS/D-Gal-challenged mice. Interestingly, post-treatment with glutamine also provided protective benefits against LPS/D-Gal-induced acute liver injury, although these effects were less robust than those of glutamine pre-treatment. Thus, glutamine may have potential value as a pharmacological intervention in fulminant hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruyue Shao
- Clinical Medical School, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kerui Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Sesamin Protects against and Ameliorates Rat Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury with Involvement of Activating Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5147069. [PMID: 34630849 PMCID: PMC8494576 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5147069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) may induce cell/tissue injuries, leading to multiple organ failure. Based on our preexperiments, we proposed that sesamin could protect against and ameliorate intestinal I/R injuries and related disorders with involvement of activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. This proposal was evaluated using SD intestinal I/R injury rats in vivo and hypoxia/reoxygenation- (H/R-) injured rat small intestinal crypt epithelial cell line (IEC-6 cells) in vitro. Sesamin significantly alleviated I/R-induced intestinal histopathological injuries and significantly reduced serum biochemical indicators ALT and AST, alleviating I/R-induced intestinal injury in rats. Sesamin also significantly reversed I/R-increased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MPO activity in serum and MDA in tissues and I/R-decreased GSH in tissues and SOD in both tissues and IEC-6 cells, indicating its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects. Further, sesamin significantly decreased TUNEL-positive cells, downregulated the increased Bax and caspase-3 protein expression, upregulated the decreased protein expression of Bcl-2 in I/R-injured intestinal tissues, and significantly reversed H/R-reduced IEC-6 cell viability as well as reduced the number of apoptotic cells among H/R-injured IEC-6 cell, showing antiapoptotic effects. Activation of Nrf2 is known to ameliorate tissue/cell injuries. Consistent with sesamin-induced ameliorations of both intestinal I/R injuries and H/R injuries, transfection of Nrf2 cDNA significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, respectively. On the contrary, either Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) or Nrf2 siRNA transfection significantly decreased the expression of these proteins. Our results suggest that activation of the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway is involved in sesamin-induced anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects in protection against and amelioration of intestinal I/R injuries.
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Su X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Han S. Efficacy of alanyl glutamine in nutritional support therapy for patients with sepsis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24861. [PMID: 33725958 PMCID: PMC7982144 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection, which is a common complication after severe infection, trauma, shock, and surgery, and is also an important factor in inducing septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and has become one of the important causes of death in critically ill patients. Septic patients with gastrointestinal transport function weakened, are prone to malnutrition, resulting in decreased immune function, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect. Clinical practice shows that the nutritional metabolism and immune response of patients with sepsis can be effectively improved by giving alanyl glutamine nutritional support treatment, but there is no evidence of evidence-based medicine. The study carried out in this protocol aims to evaluate the effectiveness of alanyl glutamine in nutritional support therapy for patients with sepsis. METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wanfang databases were searched by computer, to retrieve all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on nutritional support for the treatment of sepsis with alanyl glutamine from the date of database establishment to December 2020. Two researchers independently selected the study, extracted and managed the data. RevMan5.3 software was used to analyze the included literature. RESULTS This study observed the changes of serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB), hemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM), APACHE II score before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy of alanyl glutamine in nutritional support therapy for patients with sepsis. CONCLUSION This study will provide reliable evidence for the application of alanyl glutamine in nutritional support therapy for patients with sepsis. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/VRZPJ.
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Intestinal ischemic reperfusion injury: Recommended rats model and comprehensive review for protective strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111482. [PMID: 33740527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemic reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality in the clinic. IIRI was induced by intestinal ischemic diseases such as, small bowel transplantation, aortic aneurysm surgery, and strangulated hernias. Although related mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, during the last decade, researches have demonstrated that many factors are crucial in the pathological process, including oxidative stress (OS), epithelial barrier function disorder, and so on. Rats model, as the most applied animal IIRI model, provides specific targets for researches and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, various treatment strategies such as, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation, have shown promising effects in alleviating IIRI. However, current researches cannot solve the clinical problems of IIRI, and specific treatment strategies are still needed to be exploited. This review focuses on a recommended experimental IIRI rat model and understanding of the involved mechanisms such as, OS, gut bacteria translocation, apoptosis, and necroptosis, aim at providing novel ideas for therapeutic strategies of IIRI.
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Liu J, Yuan J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Wang Q, Wang G. Serum metabolomic patterns in young patients with ischemic stroke: a case study. Metabolomics 2021; 17:24. [PMID: 33554271 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability. The incidence of ischemic stroke continues to rise in young adults. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic changes and explore possible mechanisms in young ischemic stroke patients without common risk factors. METHODS This study investigated serum metabolomics in 50 young patients with newly suffered ischemic stroke and 50 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Liquid chromatography coupled with a Waters Xevo TQ-S mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to analyze amino acid or bile acid, and free fatty acid or lipid was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with a Qtrap5500 mass spectrometer with an ESI source. The metabolomic data were analyzed by performing a multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 197 metabolites, including amino acids, bile acids, free fatty acids, and lipids, were identified in all participants. Multivariate models showed significant differences in serum metabolomic patterns between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. The stroke patients had increased L-methionine, homocysteine, glutamine, uric acid, GCDCA, and PE (18:0/20:4, 16:0/22:5), and decreased levels of L-citrulline, taurine, PC (16:2/22:6, 16:2/20:5, 15:0/18:2), and SM (d18:1/23:0, d20:0/19:1, d18:1/22:0, d16:0/26:1, d16:0/18:0, d16:0/22:1, d18:1/19:1, d16:0/17:1, d16:1/24:1, d18:1/19:0). Based on the identified metabolites, the metabolic pathways of arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were significantly enriched in the young patients with ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Serum metabolomic patterns were significantly different between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. Our study is beneficial in providing a further view into the pathophysiology of young patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Junliang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Hoang G, Nguyen K, Le A. Metabolic Intersection of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: Opportunities for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:249-263. [PMID: 34014548 PMCID: PMC9703259 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the two leading causes of mortality in the world [1]. Despite the immense effort to study these diseases and the constant innovation in treatment modalities, the number of deaths associated with cardiovascular diseases and cancer is predicted to increase in the coming decades [1]. From 2008 to 2030, due to population growth and population aging in many parts of the world, the number of deaths caused by cancer globally is projected to increase by 45%, corresponding to an annual increase of around four million people [1]. For cardiovascular diseases, this number is six million people [1]. In the United States, treatments for these two diseases are among the most costly and result in a disproportionate impact on low- and middleincome people. As the fight against these fatal diseases continues, it is crucial that we continue our investigation and broaden our understanding of cancer and cardiovascular diseases to innovate our prognostic and treatment approaches. Even though cardiovascular diseases and cancer are usually studied independently [2-12], there are some striking overlaps between their metabolic behaviors and therapeutic targets, suggesting the potential application of cardiovascular disease treatments for cancer therapy. More specifically, both cancer and many cardiovascular diseases have an upregulated glutaminolysis pathway, resulting in low glutamine and high glutamate circulating levels. Similar treatment modalities, such as glutaminase (GLS) inhibition and glutamine supplementation, have been identified to target glutamine metabolism in both cancer and some cardiovascular diseases. Studies have also found similarities in lipid metabolism, specifically fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and synthesis. Pharmacological inhibition of FAO and fatty acid synthesis have proven effective against many cancer types as well as specific cardiovascular conditions. Many of these treatments have been tested in clinical trials, and some have been medically prescribed to patients to treat certain diseases, such as angina pectoris [13, 14]. Other metabolic pathways, such as tryptophan catabolism and pyruvate metabolism, were also dysregulated in both diseases, making them promising treatment targets. Understanding the overlapping traits exhibited by both cancer metabolism and cardiovascular disease metabolism can give us a more holistic view of how important metabolic dysregulation is in the progression of diseases. Using established links between these illnesses, researchers can take advantage of the discoveries from one field and potentially apply them to the other. In this chapter, we highlight some promising therapeutic discoveries that can support our fight against cancer, based on common metabolic traits displayed in both cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kiet Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Durante W. The Emerging Role of l-Glutamine in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092092. [PMID: 31487814 PMCID: PMC6769761 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that l-glutamine (Gln) plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. By serving as a substrate for the synthesis of DNA, ATP, proteins, and lipids, Gln drives critical processes in vascular cells, including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, senescence, and extracellular matrix deposition. Furthermore, Gln exerts potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the circulation by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase-1, heat shock proteins, and glutathione. Gln also promotes cardiovascular health by serving as an l-arginine precursor to optimize nitric oxide synthesis. Importantly, Gln mitigates numerous risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance, obesity, and diabetes. Many studies demonstrate that Gln supplementation protects against cardiometabolic disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, sickle cell disease, cardiac injury by inimical stimuli, and may be beneficial in patients with heart failure. However, excessive shunting of Gln to the Krebs cycle can precipitate aberrant angiogenic responses and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In these instances, therapeutic targeting of the enzymes involved in glutaminolysis such as glutaminase-1, Gln synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and amino acid transaminase has shown promise in preclinical models. Future translation studies employing Gln delivery approaches and/or glutaminolysis inhibitors will determine the success of targeting Gln in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Luo LL, Li YF, Shan HM, Wang LP, Yuan F, Ma YY, Li WL, He TT, Wang YY, Qu MJ, Liang HB, Zhang ZJ, Yang GY, Tang YH, Wang YT. L-glutamine protects mouse brain from ischemic injury via up-regulating heat shock protein 70. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1030-1041. [PMID: 31218845 PMCID: PMC6698979 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION L-glutamine is an antioxidant that plays a role in a variety of biochemical processes. Given that oxidative stress is a key component of stroke pathology, the potential of L-glutamine in the treatment of ischemic stroke is worth exploring. AIMS In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of action of L-glutamine after cerebral ischemic injury. RESULTS L-glutamine reduced brain infarct volume and promoted neurobehavioral recovery in mice. L-glutamine administration increased the expression of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in astrocytes and endothelial cells. Such effects were abolished by the coadministration of Apoptozole, an inhibitor of the ATPase activity of HSP70. L-glutamine also reduced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, and increased the level of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Cotreatment with Apoptozole abolished these effects. Cell culture study further revealed that the conditioned medium from astrocytes cultured with L-glutamine reduced the apoptosis of neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation. CONCLUSION L-glutamine attenuated ischemic brain injury and promoted functional recovery via HSP70, suggesting its potential in ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Long Luo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Fang Li
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Min Shan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Lu Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting He
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei-Jie Qu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huai-Bin Liang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Hui Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Ting Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Bertoni S, Ballabeni V, Barocelli E, Tognolini M. Mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion: an overview of preclinical drug strategies. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1416-1425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Turan I, Sayan Ozacmak H, Ozacmak VH, Barut F, Ozacmak ID. The effects of S-nitrosoglutathione on intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury and acute lung injury in rats: Roles of oxidative stress and NF-κB. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:35-41. [PMID: 29857826 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and acute lung injury. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor, has been documented to have protective effects on experimental ischemia models. AIM The aim of this study was to examine the effect of GSNO on I/R-induced intestine and lung damage and detect the potential mechanisms emphasizing the protective role of GSNO. METHODS Intestinal I/R was induced by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 180 min. GSNO was administered intravenously before reperfusion period (0.25 mg/kg). The levels of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical expressions of both nuclear factor KappaB (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) in intestine and lung tissues were assessed. RESULTS Histolopathologic evaluation demonstrated that intestinal I/R induced severe damages in the intestine and the lung tissues. Histopathological scores decreased with GSNO treatment. GSNO treatment reduced lipid peroxidation and MPO levels and inhibited expression of NF-κB and iNOS in the intestine. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that GSNO treatment may ameliorate the intestinal and lung injury in rats, at least in part, by inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inci Turan
- Department of Physiology, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey.
| | - Hale Sayan Ozacmak
- Department of Physiology, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - V Haktan Ozacmak
- Department of Physiology, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Figen Barut
- Department of Pathology, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - I Diler Ozacmak
- Or-Ahayim Private Balat Hospital, Department of General surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
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18
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Chen Y, Tseng SH, Yao CL, Li C, Tsai YH. Distinct Effects of Growth Hormone and Glutamine on Activation of Intestinal Stem Cells. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017; 42:642-651. [PMID: 28510488 DOI: 10.1177/0148607117709435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with short bowel syndrome under parenteral nutrition support, growth hormone (GH) and glutamine (GLN) have been found to help the growth of intestinal mucosa. In this research, we studied the effects of GH and GLN on intestinal stem cells (ISCs). METHODS The in vitro and in vivo effects of GH and/or GLN on ISCs were evaluated by observing the ability of ISCs to form organoids in a Matrigel culture system. The expression levels of stemness and differentiation markers in ISCs and organoids were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence assay, and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS In vitro administration of GH activated the stemness of ISCs, whereas GLN enhanced the expression of chromogranin A and Muc2, which are differentiation markers in enteroendocrine and goblet cells, respectively. Administration of GH or GLN in mice showed that GH, but not GLN, upregulated the proliferative activity of ISCs with increased formation of crypt organoids. In addition, GH increased the expression of Lgr5 and GLN enhanced expression of Muc2 in the crypt fractions of the intestines in mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GH mainly enhances proliferative activities, whereas GLN promotes the differentiation potential of ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hong Tseng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Materials and Textiles, Oriental Institute of Technology, Pan-Chiao, New Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Hartmann RM, Licks F, Schemitt EG, Colares JR, do Couto Soares M, Zabot GP, Fillmann HS, Marroni NP. Protective effect of glutamine on the main and adjacent organs damaged by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:2155-2168. [PMID: 28382390 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes cellular and tissue damage to the intestine and remote organs such as the liver. Increased production of ROS and nitric oxide and dysregulation of cytoprotective enzymes may be involved in intestinal I/R. The aim was to evaluate the protective effects of glutamine on the intestine and liver of rats with intestinal I/R injury. Twenty male Wistar rats (300 g) were divided into four groups: sham-operated (SO), glutamine + SO (G + SO), I/R, and glutamine + I/R (G + I/R). Occlusion of the SMA for 30 min was followed by 15-min reperfusion. Glutamine (25 mg/kg/day) was administered once daily 24 and 48 h before I/R induction. Blood and tissue of were collected for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry of IL-1β and TNF-α, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide, Nrf2/keap1, superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heat shock protein (HSP70), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) by western blot. Statistic analysis by ANOVA-Student-Newman-Keuls test (mean ± SE) significantly was p < 0.05. Tissue damage, AST, ALT, IL-1β, TNF-α, TBARS, NO, Keap1, iNOS, GRP78, and ATF-6 expression were significantly lower in the G + I/R group as compared to the I/R group. Expression of Nrf2, SOD, NQO1, and HSP70, was significantly higher in the G + I/R group as compared to I/R group. Pre-treatment with glutamine provided protection against oxidative damage in the intestine and liver in an experimental model of intestinal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Minuzzo Hartmann
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francielli Licks
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elizângela Gonçalves Schemitt
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Josieli Raskopf Colares
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana do Couto Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gilmara Pandolfo Zabot
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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20
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Saidi SA, Ncir M, Chaaben R, Jamoussi K, van Pelt J, Elfeki A. Liver injury following small intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats is attenuated by Pistacia lentiscus oil: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:199-205. [PMID: 28338348 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1302961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) not only leads to severe intestine damage but also induced subsequent destruction of remote organs. OBJECTIVE We investigated the protective effect of Pistascia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) oil on IIR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham, intestinal IR and P. lentiscus pretreatment (n = 18 each). In the pretreatment group, oil was administered 1 h before induction of warm ischemia. RESULTS IIR led to severe liver damage manifested as a significant (p < .05) increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Pistacia lentiscus oil decreased the visible intestinal damage, as well as a significant decrease in serum AST and ALT levels. In addition, Pistacia lentiscus reduce liver injury, as evidenced by the decrease in liver tissue myeloperoxidase activity and lipoperoxidation (MDA) level. CONCLUSION Pistascia lentiscus attenuates liver injury induced by IIR, attributable to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Abdelkader Saidi
- a Department of Life Sciences , Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
- b Department of Hepatology , University Hospitals KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
- c Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts - Khulais , University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Ncir
- a Department of Life Sciences , Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Rim Chaaben
- d Department of Biochemistry , CHU Habib Bourguiba of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- d Department of Biochemistry , CHU Habib Bourguiba of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Jos van Pelt
- b Department of Hepatology , University Hospitals KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Abdelfattah Elfeki
- a Department of Life Sciences , Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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Chakraborty A, Boer JC, Selomulya C, Plebanski M. Amino Acid Functionalized Inorganic Nanoparticles as Cutting-Edge Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:657-671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Boer
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | | | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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Interleukin‑6 RNA knockdown ameliorates acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats by upregulating interleukin‑10 expression. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2529-2537. [PMID: 28713893 PMCID: PMC5548063 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication following intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R) injury and contributes to the associated high mortality rate. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood and treatments are limited. RNA interference (RNAi) has been demonstrated to provide a promising disease treatment strategy both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the present study aimed to test whether blocking the proinflammatory cytokine IL‑6 by RNAi may protect the lungs from remote organ injury following II/R, and to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. A total of 176 adult healthy male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, II/R, negative‑control and IL‑6‑short hairpin (sh)RNA groups. The rats underwent II/R injury with occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery to induce ischemia for 40 min, and were subsequently reperfused for 0‑48 h. The negative‑control group received a control lentiviral vector containing scrambled or non‑specific sequences, and the IL‑6‑shRNA groups were administered with a vector containing an IL‑6 shRNA sequence to affect RNAi‑mediated knockdown of IL‑6. ALI severity was determined by lung edema (lung wet/dry ratio) and histological analysis (lung injury scores). IL‑6 localization, and mRNA and protein expression levels, were detected by immunofluorescence, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. IL‑10 expression induced by IL‑6 knockdown in lung tissues was additionally detected. IL‑6 RNAi was revealed to significantly reduce the expression of IL‑6, which was associated with upregulated IL‑10 expression in lung tissues. Consequently, the severities of ALI and edema induced by II/R were substantially improved. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that IL‑6 RNAi may protect the lung from ALI induced by II/R, and that this protective role may be associated with upregulation of IL‑10. These findings may contribute to the development of an IL‑6‑RNAi‑based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of II/R‑induced ALI.
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Lai CH, Lee CH, Hung CY, Lo HC. Oral Citrulline Mitigates Inflammation and Jejunal Damage via the Inactivation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nuclear Factor-κB in Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 41:422-435. [PMID: 26129897 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115590661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is a life-threatening emergency accompanied by inflammation and organ damage. We compared the mechanisms and the effects of arginine, citrulline, and glutamine on inflammation and intestinal damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats underwent 60 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion and either 3 (I/R3) or 24 (I/R24) hours of reperfusion and were orally administered vehicle, arginine, citrulline, or glutamine 15 minutes before reperfusion and at 3, 9, and 21 hours of reperfusion. RESULTS I/R3 rats experienced jejunal damage and apoptosis, and I/R24 rats had liver dysfunction compared with normal rats (one-way ANOVA, P < .05). Arginine and citrulline administrations improved jejunal morphology, and citrulline and glutamine administrations alleviated the loss of jejunal mass in I/R3 rats. I/R3-increased circulating nitrate/nitrite (NOx), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were significantly decreased by citrulline, glutamine and citrulline, and arginine, glutamine, and citrulline, respectively. These amino acids decreased plasma NOx and interferon-γ in I/R24, decreased jejunal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein in I/R3 rats, and alleviated jejunal apoptosis in I/R3 and I/R24 rats. In addition, the jejunal phosphorylated to total nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ratio was decreased by arginine and citrulline in I/R24 rats. CONCLUSION Oral administration of arginine, citrulline, and glutamine may alleviate systemic inflammation, jejunal apoptosis, and neuronal NOS in intestinal I/R. Citrulline may further attenuate jejunal damage by preserving jejunal mass, partially via the inactivation of NOS and the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, oral citrulline may have more benefits than arginine and glutamine in mitigating intestinal ischemia and reperfusion-induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Lai
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- 2 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Hung
- 2 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Lo
- 4 Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Liu XJ, Li ZH, Li L, Zheng BF, Feng WY, Cheng FC, Chen LJ, Fu TL. Baicalin protects against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating excessive activation of inositol requiring protein 1α. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1960-1967. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i13.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of baicalin against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) and the role of inositol requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) in this process.
METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8): a sham group in which rats underwent laparotomy, an IIRI group in which rats were subjected to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 6 h, and a baicalin pretreatment group in which rats were given intraperitoneal injection of baicalin (100 mg/kg) about 30 min before IIRI induction. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in intestinal tissues and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) in plasma were detected by ELISA. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. The expression of IRE1α and phosphorylated IRE1α (p-IRE1α) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of GRP78 protein in intestinal tissues.
RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, the expression of p-IRE1α (41.88 ± 3.43 vs 19.55 ± 2.16), IRE1α (51.3 ± 4.16 vs 9.97 ± 1.34), the level of TNF-α (139.70 ng/L ± 19.72 ng/L vs 16.41 ng/L ± 1.75 ng/L), cell apoptosis index (40.77% ± 4.70% vs 3.66% ± 0.83%) and IFABP (2.25 ng/mL ± 0.27 ng/mL vs 0.63 ng/mL ± 0.07 ng/mL) were significantly increased in the IIRI group (P < 0.01 for all). Compared with the IIRI group, the expression level of GRP78 (0.60 ± 0.03 vs 0.42 ± 0.02, P < 0.01) was up-regulated, however, the expression of p-IRE1α (26.71 ± 2.43 vs 41.88 ± 3.43) and IRE1α (36.87 ± 2.07 vs 51.39 ± 4.16), the level of TNF-α (93.38 ng/L ± 16.79 ng/L vs 139.70 ng/L ± 19.72 ng/L), cell apoptosis index (29.50% ± 7.66% vs 40.77% ± 4.70%) and IFABP (1.50 ng/mL ± 0.29 ng/mL vs 2.25 ng/mL ± 0.27 ng/mL) were deceased in the baicalin pretreatment group (P < 0.01 for all).
CONCLUSION: Baicalin reduces intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating GRP78, alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and attenuating IRE1α excessive activation.
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Li L, Li M, Li Y, Sun W, Wang Y, Bai S, Li H, Wu B, Yang G, Wang R, Wu L, Li H, Xu C. Exogenous H2S contributes to recovery of ischemic post-conditioning-induced cardioprotection by decrease of ROS level via down-regulation of NF-κB and JAK2-STAT3 pathways in the aging cardiomyocytes. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:26. [PMID: 27096074 PMCID: PMC4836181 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a third member of gasotransmitter family along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, generated from mainly catalyzed by cystathionine-lyase, possesses important functions in the cardiovascular system. Ischemic post-conditioning (PC) strongly protects against the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, PC protection is ineffective in the aging cardiomyocytes. Whether H2S restores PC-induced cardioprotection by decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the aging cardiomyocytes is unknown. Methods The aging cardiomyocytes were induced by treatment of primary cultures of neonatal cardiomyocytes using d-galactose and were exposed to H/R and PC protocols. Cell viability was observed by CCK-8 kit. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry. ROS level was analyzed using spectrofluorimeter. Related protein expressions were detected through Western blot. Results Treatment of NaHS (a H2S donor) protected against H/R-induced apoptosis, cell damage, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9, the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c). The supplementation of NaHS also decreased the activity of LDH and CK, MDA contents, ROS levels and the phosphorylation of IκBα, NF-κB, JNK2 and STAT3, and increased cell viability, the expression of Bcl-2, the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. PC alone did not provide cardioprotection in H/R-treated aging cardiomyocytes, which was significantly restored by the addition of NaHS. The beneficial role of NaHS was similar to the supply of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an inhibitor of ROS), Ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB) and AG 490 (an inhibitor of JNK2), respectively, during PC. Conclusion Our results suggest that exogenous H2S contributes to recovery of PC-induced cardioprotection by decrease of ROS level via down-regulation of NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the aging cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Meixiu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shuzhi Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Guangdong Yang
- The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON Canada
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Changing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081 China.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Abstract
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a rare disease that most commonly affects the elderly. The vague symptoms often lead to delayed diagnosis and consequent high mortality. Physical exam and laboratory findings lack the sensitivity and specificity to exclude AMI, but computed tomography angiography can rapidly and accurately confirm the diagnosis. Survival improves with prompt restoration of perfusion and resection of nonviable bowel. Advances in imaging, operative techniques, and critical care have led to a steady decline in overall mortality; however, long-term survival is limited because of the comorbidities in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Carver
- Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Ravi S Vora
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amit Taneja
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite E 5200, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Ji YY, Wang ZD, Wang SF, Wang BT, Yang ZA, Zhou XR, Lei NN, Yue WN. Ischemic preconditioning ameliorates intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8081-8088. [PMID: 26185379 PMCID: PMC4499350 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate preventative effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) in a rat model of intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR).
METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were fasted for 24 h with free access to water prior to the operation. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: S group (n = 6), rats were subjected to isolation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 40 min, then the abdomen was closed; IR group (n = 6), rats were subjected to clamping the SMA 40 min, and the abdomen was closed followed by a 4-h reperfusion; IP group (n = 6) rats underwent three cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion, then clamping of the SMA for 40 min, then the abdomen was closed and a 4-h reperfusion followed. All animals were euthanized by barbiturate overdose (150 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium, i.v.) for tissue collection, and the SMA was isolated via median abdominal incision. Intestinal histologic injury was observed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in intestinal tissue were measured. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression, as well as nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and expression in intestinal tissue were also determined.
RESULTS: Compared with the IR group, IP reduced IR-induced histologic injury of the intestine in rats (2.00 ± 0.71 vs 3.60 ± 0.84, P < 0.05). IP significantly inhibited the increase in MDA content (5.6 ± 0.15 μmol/L vs 6.84 ± 0.18 μmol/L, P < 0.01), MPO activity (0.13 ± 0.01 U/L vs 0.24 ± 0.01 U/L, P < 0.01), and TNF-α levels (7.79 ± 2.35 pg/mL vs 10.87 ± 2.48 pg/mL, P < 0.05) in the intestinal tissue of rats. IP also markedly ameliorated the increase in ICAM-1 (204.67 ± 53.27 vs 353.33 ± 45.19, P < 0.05) and VCAM-1 (256.67 ± 58.59 vs 377.33 ± 41.42, P < 0.05) protein expression in the intestinal tissues. Additionally, IP remarkably decreased NF-κB activity (0.48 ± 0.16 vs 0.76 ± 0.22, P < 0.05) and protein expression (320.23 ± 38.16 vs 520.76 ± 40.53, P < 0.01) in rat intestinal tissue.
CONCLUSION: IP may protect against IR-induced intestinal injury by attenuation of the neutrophil-endothelial adhesion cascade via reducing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression and TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activity.
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Glutamine Reduces the Apoptosis of H9C2 Cells Treated with High-Glucose and Reperfusion through an Oxidation-Related Mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132402. [PMID: 26146991 PMCID: PMC4493145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetic hearts during ischemia/reperfusion injury and the anti-oxidative role of glutamine have been demonstrated. However, in diabetes mellitus the role of glutamine in cardiomyocytes during ischemia/reperfusion injury has not been explored. To examine the effects of glutamine and potential mechanisms, in the present study, rat cardiomyoblast H9C2 cells were exposed to high glucose (33 mM) and hypoxia-reoxygenation. Cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular glutamine, and mitochondrial and intracellular glutathione were determined. Moreover, ROS formation, complex I activity, membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were also investigated. The levels of S-glutathionylated complex I and mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins, including cytochrome c and caspase-3, were analyzed by western blot. Data indicated that high glucose and hypoxia-reoxygenation were associated with a dramatic decline of intercellular glutamine and increase in apoptosis. Glutamine supplementation correlated with a reduction in apoptosis and increase of glutathione and glutathione reduced/oxidized ratio in both cytoplasm and mitochondria, but a reduction of intracellular ROS. Glutamine supplementation was also associated with less S-glutathionylation and increased the activity of complex I, leading to less mitochondrial ROS formation. Furthermore, glutamine supplementation prevented from mitochondrial dysfunction presented as mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels and attenuated cytochrome c release into the cytosol and caspase-3 activation. We conclude that apoptosis induced by high glucose and hypoxia-reoxygenation was reduced by glutamine supplementation, via decreased oxidative stress and inactivation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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