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Zhou Y, Pang N, Li W, Li Q, Luo J, Gu Y, Hu Q, Ding YJ, Sun Y, Pan J, Gao M, Xiao Y, Ma S, Hao Y, Xing H, Fang EF, Ling W, Zhang Z, Yang L. Inhibition of ethanol-induced eNAMPT secretion attenuates liver ferroptosis through BAT-Liver communication. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103274. [PMID: 39059204 PMCID: PMC11327441 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) has long been recognized as an adipokine. However, the exact role of eNAMPT in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and its relevance to brown adipose tissue (BAT) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of eNAMPT on liver function and the underlying mechanisms involved in BAT-Liver communication. METHODS Serum eNAMPT levels were detected in the serum of both ALD patients and mice. Chronic and binge ethanol feeding was used to induce alcoholic liver injury in mice. An eNAMPT antibody, a coculture model of brown adipocytes and hepatocytes, and BAT-specific Nampt knockdown mice were used to investigate the role of eNAMPT in ALD. RESULTS Serum eNAMPT levels are elevated in ALD patients and are significantly positively correlated with the liver injury index. In ALD mice, neutralizing eNAMPT reduced the elevated levels of circulating eNAMPT induced by ethanol and attenuated liver injury. In vitro experiments revealed that eNAMPT induced hepatocyte ferroptosis through the TLR4-dependent mitochondrial ROS-induced ferritinophagy pathway. Furthermore, ethanol stimulated eNAMPT secretion from brown adipocytes but not from other adipocytes. In the coculture model, ethanol-induced release of eNAMPT from brown adipocytes promoted hepatocyte ferroptosis. In BAT-specific Nampt-knockdown mice, ethanol-induced eNAMPT secretion was significantly reduced, and alcoholic liver injury were attenuated. These effects can be reversed by intraperitoneal injection of eNAMPT. CONCLUSION Inhibition of ethanol-induced eNAMPT secretion from BAT attenuates liver injury and ferroptosis. Our study reveals a previously uncharacterized critical role of eNAMPT-mediated BAT-Liver communication in ALD and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Nengzhi Pang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Immunization Programs, Guangzhou Huadu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Gu
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianrong Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Women Health Care, Guangzhou Baiyun District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Jie Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sixi Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxu Hao
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huichun Xing
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Evendro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center and Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumor Microenvironment, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Bouzas C, García S, Mateos D, Casares M, Gómez C, Ugarriza L, Tur JA, Sureda A. Effects of a Two-Year Lifestyle Intervention on Intrahepatic Fat Reduction and Renal Health: Mitigation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, a Randomized Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:754. [PMID: 39061823 PMCID: PMC11273830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease observed in clinical practice worldwide. This disorder has been independently associated with an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a 2-year intervention based on a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity focussed on reducing intrahepatic fat contents (IFC) was associated with a decreased risk of CKD. Forty adults (50% women) residing in Mallorca, aged 48 to 60 years, diagnosed with MAFLD were recruited. Participants were divided into two groups based on whether they improved IFC measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. Anthropometric and clinical parameters improved in responders, including reduced weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Only responders showed improvements in lipid profile and liver enzymes. Haematological parameters showed favourable changes in both groups. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers differed between groups. Responders had lower plasma interleukine-18 (IL-18) levels, but higher erythrocyte malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. Non-responders showed increased erythrocyte catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. After 2 years, non-responders had higher serum creatinine, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) levels, while responders showed reductions in these parameters together with uric acid and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Positive correlations were found between changes in IFC and kidney injury biomarkers, including MDRD and serum creatinine levels. In conclusion, a healthy diet based on the Mediterranean dietary pattern and lifestyle promotes significant improvements in parameters related to cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (C.B.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (L.U.); (A.S.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (C.B.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (L.U.); (A.S.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (C.B.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (L.U.); (A.S.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Silvia García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (C.B.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (L.U.); (A.S.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (C.B.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (L.U.); (A.S.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (C.B.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (L.U.); (A.S.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- C.S. Camp Redó, IBSalut, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (C.B.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (L.U.); (A.S.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (C.B.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (L.U.); (A.S.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Erdem NB, Kahramanoğlu Aksoy E, Dikmen D, Uçar Baş K, Ağaçdiken A, İlhan Esgin M, Göktaş Z. Effects of low fat diet on inflammatory parameters in individuals with obesity/overweight and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37716. [PMID: 38608067 PMCID: PMC11018204 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered one of the most important causes of chronic liver disorders in the world. Dietary pattern is a modifiable risk factor that represents the main target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of low-fat diet on anthropometric measurements, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters in individuals with obesity/overweight and NAFLD. A total of 108 individuals (n = 59 males and n = 49 females) aged between 19 and 65 years participated in the 12-week weight loss program. Dietary treatment plans including low-fat diets were randomly prescribed for each individual. Anthropometric measurements were collected by a trained dietitian at baseline and 12-week follow-up. Blood samples were collected for each individual at baseline and 3rd month for biochemical measurements and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), chemerin, and irisin levels in plasma. At the end of the study, body weight, body mass index, body fat % body fat mass (kg) reduced significantly in females and males (P < .05). Moreover, reductions in waist, hip, and neck circumferences were significant in both groups. Changes in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significant in 3rd month. After 3 months, reductions in TNF-α, IL-6, and FGF-21 levels were significant in individuals with obesity/overweight and NAFLD. While no significant change in chemerin and irisin levels was found. These results show that low-fat diet over a 12-week period led to improvements in both anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters in individuals with obesity/overweight and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Bengü Erdem
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim Kahramanoğlu Aksoy
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Dikmen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Uçar Baş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Ağaçdiken
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve İlhan Esgin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Göktaş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Zhao J, Wu J, Li J, Wang ZY, Meng QH. Late evening snack and oral amino acid capsules improved respiratory quotient and Fischer ratio in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol 2022:100750. [PMID: 36007871 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Appropriate nutritional support may improve energy metabolism in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) patients. We explored the effect of a late evening snack (LES) and oral amino acid (OAA) capsules on energy metabolism and the Fischer ratio in ALC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-one ALC patients were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups: 31 patients in the LES and OAA group, 32 in the LES group, and 28 controls. Respiratory quotient (RQ), carbohydrate oxidation rate (CHO%), fat oxidation rate (FAT%), serum isoleucine and the Fischer ratio were measured at baseline and at months 1, 3, and 6 of follow-up. RESULTS The RQ in the LES and OAA group was 0.79 ± 0.06, 0.80 ± 0.04, 0.82 ± 0.04, and 0.82 ± 0.04 at baseline and at months 1, 3, and 6 of follow-up, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those in the LES group (P < 0.05). The RQ in the LES group was significantly higher than that in the control group at month 1 and month 6 (P < 0.05). CHO% in the LES and OAA group was significantly increased and FAT% was significantly decreased at month 3 of follow-up (P < 0.05). In the LES and OAA group, serum isoleucine and the Fischer ratio were markedly increased compared with the LES group and control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LES can significantly increase the RQ in ALC. LES and OAA were more effective than LES alone in improving serum isoleucine and the Fischer ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Second Department of Liver Disease Centre, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital MedicalUniversity, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Youan Hospital(,) Capital Medical University(,) Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhong-Ying Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qing-Hua Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Youan Hospital(,) Capital Medical University(,) Beijing, 100069, China.
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Li H, He X, Wen S, Yang L, Chen Q, Li Y, Huang S, Huang X, Wan F, He M. Optimised expression and purification of RBP4 and preparation of anti-RBP4 monoclonal antibody. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:430-442. [PMID: 34889069 PMCID: PMC8804599 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression level of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) protein is closely related to liver damage and plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, the preparation of anti-RBP4 mAb or exploration on the application of anti-RBP4 mAb has not been reported thus far. In the present study, we constructed a pET30a-RBP4 recombinant vector, used E. coli BL21 (DE3) as the vector to express the RBP4 recombinant protein and prepared anti-RBP4 mAb using hybridoma technology. We performed immunohistochemical analysis on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent tissues by using this anti-RBP4 mAb. In addition to the high-purity RBP4 recombinant protein, we successfully developed the anti-RBP4 mAb with high affinity and specificity; it binds to natural RBP4 protein and is suitable for immunohistochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical School, China
| | - Sha Wen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lichao Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yasi Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shiping Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuejing Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fengjie Wan
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Min He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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6
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Kukla M, Menżyk T, Dembiński M, Winiarski M, Garlicki A, Bociąga-Jasik M, Skonieczna M, Hudy D, Maziarz B, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Skladany L, Grgurevic I, Wójcik-Bugajska M, Grodzicki T, Stygar D, Rogula T. Anti-inflammatory adipokines: chemerin, vaspin, omentin concentrations and SARS-CoV-2 outcomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21514. [PMID: 34728695 PMCID: PMC8563971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with systemic inflammation. A wide range of adipokines activities suggests they influence pathogenesis and infection course. The aim was to assess concentrations of chemerin, omentin, and vaspin among COVID-19 patients with an emphasis on adipokines relationship with COVID-19 severity, concomitant metabolic abnormalities and liver dysfunction. Serum chemerin, omentin and vaspin concentrations were measured in serum collected from 70 COVID-19 patients at the moment of admission to hospital, before any treatment was applied and 20 healthy controls. Serum chemerin and omentin concentrations were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy volunteers (271.0 vs. 373.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001 and 482.1 vs. 814.3 ng/ml; p = 0.01, respectively). There were no correlations of analyzed adipokines with COVID-19 severity based on the presence of pneumonia, dyspnea, or necessity of Intensive Care Unit hospitalization (ICU). Liver test abnormalities did not influence adipokines levels. Elevated GGT activity was associated with ICU admission, presence of pneumonia and elevated concentrations of CRP, ferritin and interleukin 6. Chemerin and omentin depletion in COVID-19 patients suggests that this adipokines deficiency play influential role in disease pathogenesis. However, there was no relationship between lower adipokines level and frequency of COVID-19 symptoms as well as disease severity. The only predictive factor which could predispose to a more severe COVID-19 course, including the presence of pneumonia and ICU hospitalization, was GGT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kukla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital in Kraków, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Menżyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Acute Intoxication, Regional Hospital, Tarnów, Poland
| | - Marcin Dembiński
- Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital in Kraków, Cracow, Poland.,2nd Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marek Winiarski
- Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital in Kraków, Cracow, Poland.,2nd Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksander Garlicki
- Chair of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Bociąga-Jasik
- Chair of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Maziarz
- Chair of Clinical BioChemistry, Department of Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Beata Kusnierz-Cabala
- Chair of Clinical BioChemistry, Department of Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Lubomir Skladany
- Department of Internal Medicine and HEGITO (Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation), F.D. Roosevelt University Hospital, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Ivica Grgurevic
- Zagreb University School of Medicine, Šalata ul. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Division for Liver Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik-Bugajska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Rogula
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,1st Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Gopal T, Ai W, Casey CA, Donohue TM, Saraswathi V. A review of the role of ethanol-induced adipose tissue dysfunction in alcohol-associated liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1927-1939. [PMID: 34558087 PMCID: PMC9153937 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases that includes simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The adverse effects of alcohol in liver and the mechanisms by which ethanol (EtOH) promotes liver injury are well studied. Although liver is known to be the primary organ affected by EtOH exposure, alcohol's effects on other organs are also known to contribute significantly to the development of liver injury. It is becoming increasingly evident that adipose tissue (AT) is an important site of EtOH action. Both AT storage and secretory functions are altered by EtOH. For example, AT lipolysis, stimulated by EtOH, contributes to chronic alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. Adipocytes secrete a wide variety of biologically active molecules known as adipokines. EtOH alters the secretion of these adipokines from AT, which include cytokines and chemokines that exert paracrine effects in liver. In addition, the level of EtOH-metabolizing enzymes, in particular, CYP2E1, rises in the AT of EtOH-fed mice, which promotes oxidative stress and/or inflammation in AT. Thus, AT dysfunction characterized by increased AT lipolysis and free fatty acid mobilization and altered secretion of adipokines can contribute to the severity of AALD. Of note, moderate EtOH exposure results in AT browning and activation of brown adipose tissue which, in turn, can promote thermogenesis. In this review article, we discuss the direct effects of EtOH consumption in AT and the mechanisms by which EtOH impacts the functions of AT, which, in turn, increases the severity of AALD in animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Gopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Weilun Ai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Carol A. Casey
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
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8
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Chang E, Chang JS, Kong ID, Baik SK, Kim MY, Park KS. Multidimensional Biomarker Analysis Including Mitochondrial Stress Indicators for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gut Liver 2021; 16:171-189. [PMID: 34420934 PMCID: PMC8924798 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis with sequential progressions from inflammation to fibrosis and then to cancer. This heterogeneity interferes with the development of precise diagnostic and prognostic strategies for NAFLD. The current approach for the diagnosis of simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis mainly consists of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, elastography, and various serological analyses. However, individual dry and wet biomarkers have limitations demanding an integrative approach for the assessment of disease progression. Here, we review diagnostic strategies for simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, followed by potential biomarkers associated with fat accumulation and mitochondrial stress. For mitochondrial stress indicators, we focused on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), angiopoietin-related growth factor and mitochondrial-derived peptides. Each biomarker may not strongly indicate the severity of steatosis or steatohepatitis. Instead, multidimensional analysis of different groups of biomarkers based on pathogenic mechanisms may provide decisive diagnostic/prognostic information to develop a therapeutic plan for patients with NAFLD. For this purpose, mitochondrial stress indicators, such as FGF21 or GDF15, could be an important component in the multiplexed and contextual interpretation of NAFLD. Further validation of the integrative evaluation of mitochondrial stress indicators combined with other biomarkers is needed in the diagnosis/prognosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Chang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Chang
- Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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9
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Owen NE, Nyimanu D, Kuc RE, Upton PD, Morrell NW, Alexander GJ, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. Plasma levels of apelin are reduced in patients with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis but are not correlated with circulating levels of bone morphogenetic protein 9 and 10. Peptides 2021; 136:170440. [PMID: 33171278 PMCID: PMC7883214 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peptide apelin is expressed in human healthy livers and is implicated in the development of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR-II) result in reduced plasma levels of apelin in patients with heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Ligands for BMPR-II include bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), highly expressed in liver, and BMP10, expressed in heart and to a lesser extent liver. However, it is not known whether reductions in BMP9 and/or BMP10, with associated reduction in BMPR-II signalling, correlate with altered levels of apelin in patients with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. METHODS Plasma from patients with liver fibrosis (n = 14), cirrhosis (n = 56), and healthy controls (n = 25) was solid-phase extracted using a method optimised for recovery of apelin, which was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Plasma apelin was significantly reduced in liver fibrosis (8.3 ± 1.2 pg/ml) and cirrhosis (6.5 ± 0.6 pg/ml) patients compared with controls (15.4 ± 2.0 pg/ml). There was no obvious relationship between apelin and BMP 9 or BMP10 previously measured in these patients. Within the cirrhotic group, there was no significant correlation between apelin levels and disease severity scores, age, sex, or treatment with β-blockers. CONCLUSIONS Apelin was significantly reduced in plasma of patients with both early (fibrosis) and late-stage (cirrhosis) liver disease. Fibrosis is more easily reversible and may represent a potential target for new therapeutic interventions. However, it remains unclear whether apelin signalling is detrimental in liver disease or is beneficial and therefore, whether an apelin antagonist or agonist have clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola E Owen
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Duuamene Nyimanu
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rhoda E Kuc
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul D Upton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Graeme J Alexander
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Upper 3rd Floor, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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10
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Data on Adiponectin from 2010 to 2020: Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Factor for Liver Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155242. [PMID: 32718097 PMCID: PMC7432057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The review describes the role of adiponectin in liver diseases in the presence and absence of surgery reported in the literature in the last ten years. The most updated therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of adiponectin including pharmacological and surgical interventions and adiponectin knockout rodents, as well as some of the scientific controversies in this field, are described. Whether adiponectin could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver diseases and patients submitted to hepatic resection or liver transplantation are discussed. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical data on the mechanism of action of adiponectin in different liver diseases (nonalcoholic fatty disease, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) in the absence or presence of surgery are evaluated in order to establish potential targets that might be useful for the treatment of liver disease as well as in the practice of liver surgery associated with the hepatic resections of tumors and liver transplantation.
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11
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Recent advances of sterile inflammation and inter-organ cross-talk in alcoholic liver disease. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:772-780. [PMID: 32457490 PMCID: PMC7272465 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the fastest-growing concerns worldwide. In addition to bacterial endotoxins in the portal circulation, recent lines of evidence have suggested that sterile inflammation caused by a wide range of stimuli induces alcoholic liver injury, in which damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play critical roles in inducing de novo lipogenesis and inflammation through the activation of cellular pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors in non-parenchymal cells. Interestingly, alcohol-mediated metabolic, neurological, and immune stresses stimulate the generation of DAMPs that are released not only in the liver, but also in other organs, such as adipose tissue, intestine, and bone marrow. Thus, diverse DAMPs, including retinoic acids, proteins, lipids, microRNAs, mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial double-stranded RNA, contribute to a broad spectrum of ALD through the production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and ligands in non-parenchymal cells, such as Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and various immune cells. Therefore, this review summarizes recent studies on the identification and understanding of DAMPs, their receptors, and cross-talk between the liver and other organs, and highlights successful therapeutic targets and potential strategies in drug development that can be used to combat ALD.
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12
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Ibrahim DM, Shaaban ESE, Fouad TA. Circulating Resistin Is Associated with Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype-4 Infection. Endocr Res 2020; 45:17-23. [PMID: 31177870 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2019.1627551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Limited and contradictory data on the circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and resistin in hepatitis C virus genotype-4 (HCV-4) cirrhotic patients are present. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate their concentrations and to investigate the association between total GLP-1, resistin, and insulin resistance in those patients.Materials and Methods: Non-diabetic HCV-4 cirrhotic patients (n = 80; 40 with Child-Pugh A, 20 with Child-Pugh B, and 20 with Child-Pugh C), and 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The basal circulating levels of total GLP-1 and resistin along with serum insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured.Results: Plasma GLP-1 and serum resistin levels were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than controls (P < . 001). Moreover, circulating GLP-1 and resistin levels increased in a stepwise fashion in line with increasing grade of liver damage. According to Spearman's rank correlation, both GLP-1 and resisitin correlated positively with each other, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio while they correlated negatively with albumin (P < .001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that ALT, serum resistin and Child-Pugh score independently influenced the GLP-1 levels in cirrhotic patients.Conclusions: Circulating levels of GLP-1 and resistin were elevated in cirrhotic patients with HCV-4. Further, the severity of liver cirrhosis and serum resistin were the determinant factors explaining the variability of GLP-1 levels by about 84%. In addition, a positive relation was found between insulin resistance and both GLP-1 and resistin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - El Saeid E Shaaban
- Internal Medicine Department, El-Mataria Teaching Hospital, The General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Fouad
- Internal Medicine Department, El-Mataria Teaching Hospital, The General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Scarale MG, Fontana A, Trischitta V, Copetti M, Menzaghi C. Circulating adiponectin levels are paradoxically associated with mortality rate. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 104:5150473. [PMID: 30388239 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Some studies have surprisingly indicated that serum adiponectin is positively related to mortality rate, thus casting doubts on its role as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence about direction, strength and modulators of this controversial association. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINHAL, Cochrane Library and Scopus from inception through June 2018. STUDY SELECTION English-language prospective studies reporting the association between adiponectin and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed study quality using standard criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals-CIs) were derived using a fixed or random effects models when appropriated and were expressed for one standard deviation (SD) increment of adiponectin. DATA SYNTHESIS We identified fifty-five (n=61,676 subjects) and twenty-eight (n=43,979 subjects) studies for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Pooled HRs, were 1.24 (1.17-1.31) and 1.28 (1.19-1.37) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Similar results were obtained also for High Molecular Weight adiponectin. When meta-analyses were restricted to studies reporting data on natriuretic peptides a 43% and 28% reduction on a log scale of these associations were observed after natriuretic peptides adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly points to a paradoxical association between high adiponectin levels and increased mortality rate, which is partly modulated by natriuretic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scarale
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Yokoyama Y, Sekiguchi A, Fujiwara C, Uchiyama A, Uehara A, Ogino S, Torii R, Ishikawa O, Motegi SI. Inhibitory Regulation of Skin Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis by Apelin/APJ Signaling. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1661-1672. [PMID: 29676521 DOI: 10.1002/art.40533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apelin/APJ signaling has been determined to regulate cardiac and arterial fibrosis and to be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Our objective was to elucidate the role of apelin in skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Expression of apelin/APJ in normal and SSc fibroblasts was compared. Effects of small interfering RNA depletion and the addition of apelin in fibroblasts were analyzed. The effect of apelin injections on bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice was investigated. We analyzed the effects of the biased agonist of APJ, MM07, on skin fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The expression of apelin in SSc fibroblasts was significantly lower than that in normal fibroblasts. Serum apelin levels were negatively correlated with the modified Rodnan skin thickness score in SSc patients. Stimulation with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) inhibited apelin expression in fibroblasts, suggesting that activation of TGFβ1 signaling in SSc might be responsible for reduced apelin expression in SSc fibroblasts. Small interfering RNA depletion of apelin from fibroblasts significantly enhanced fibrosis-related gene expression, and treatment with apelin protein significantly inhibited TGFβ1 signaling in fibroblasts. Administration of apelin significantly inhibited bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice. We demonstrated that MM07 had greater potential than apelin to inhibit fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Collectively, TGFβ1 signaling and apelin signaling may counteract each other in the fibrotic process of SSc. Inhibitory regulation of TGFβ1-induced skin fibrosis by apelin/APJ signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of SSc and could be a therapeutic target for fibrosis in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yokoyama
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akiko Sekiguchi
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | | | - Akihito Uehara
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ogino
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryoko Torii
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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15
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Stine JG, Wang J, Cornella SL, Behm BW, Henry Z, Shah NL, Caldwell SH, Northup PG. Treatment of Type-1 Hepatorenal Syndrome with Pentoxifylline: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:300-306. [PMID: 29469046 PMCID: PMC7485043 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.8660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type-1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS-1) portends a poor prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. Currently available medical therapies are largely ineffective, save for liver transplantation. We aimed to determine if pentoxifylline (PTX) therapy in addition to the standard of care of volume expansion with albumin and vasoconstriction with midodrine and octreotide (AMO) is safe and efficacious compared to AMO in HRS-1 treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hospitalized subjects with decompensated cirrhosis and HRS-1 were enrolled. PTX or placebo was administered with AMO therapy for up to 14 days. The primary endpoint was HRS-1 resolution (serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 g/dL for > 24 h). Secondary endpoints were change in creatinine and MELD score, partial treatment response, 30-and 180-day overall and transplant free survival. RESULTS Twelve subjects with mean age 58.9 ± 6.2 years were enrolled and randomized. Mean MELD score was 26.5 ± 7.4 and 58.3% were male. Overall cohort 30- and 180-day survival was 58.3% and 33.3% respectively. Two subjects underwent liver transplantation. HRS-1 resolution (16.7% vs. 16.7%, p = 1.000), partial treatment response (33.3% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.505), change in creatinine (+0.48 g/dL, 95% CI -0.49-1.46 vs. +0.03 g/dL, 95% CI -0.64- 0.70, p = 0.427), 30-day survival (66.6% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.558) and 180-day survival (50.0% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.221) were similar between the two groups. Serious adverse events necessitating treatment discontinuation were rare (n = 1, PTX). DISCUSSION The addition of PTX to AMO in the treatment of HRS-1 is safe when compared to the current standard of care. Future large-scale prospective study to validate the efficacy of this treatment seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Scott L. Cornella
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brian W. Behm
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Zachary Henry
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Neeral L. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephen H. Caldwell
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Patrick G. Northup
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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17
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Abstract
Adipose tissue represents a large volume of biologically active tissue that exerts substantial systemic effects in health and disease. Alcohol consumption can profoundly disturb the normal functions of adipose tissue by inducing adipocyte death and altering secretion of adipokines, pro-inflammatory mediators and free fatty acids from adipose tissue, which have important direct and indirect effects on the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Cessation of alcohol intake quickly reverses inflammatory changes in adipose tissue, and pharmacological treatment that normalizes adipose tissue function improves experimental ALD. Obesity exacerbates liver injury induced by chronic or binge alcohol consumption, and obesity and alcohol can synergize to increase risk of ALD and progression. Physicians who care for individuals with ALD should be aware of the effects of adipose tissue dysfunction on liver function, and consider strategies to manage obesity and insulin resistance. This Review examines the effect of alcohol on adiposity and adipose tissue and the relationship between alcohol, adipose tissue and the liver.
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18
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Lv SY, Cui B, Chen WD, Wang YD. Apelin/APJ system: A key therapeutic target for liver disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112145-112151. [PMID: 29340118 PMCID: PMC5762386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a new bioactive peptide, was identified as an endogenous ligand for APJ (Angiotensin II receptor-like 1). Apelin and its receptor have an abundant distribution in central nervous system and peripheral tissues, including liver. Apelin/APJ has diverse physiological and pathological effects, including regulation of cardiovascular function, angiogenesis, fluid homeostasis and so on. Apelin/APJ system may act as a novel potential therapeutic target for liver disease. In this article, we review the role of apelin/APJ system in liver fibrosis, hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, liver injury and metabolic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Yu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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19
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Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Exp Med 2017; 18:63-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-017-0468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Buechler C, Haberl EM, Rein-Fischboeck L, Aslanidis C. Adipokines in Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1392. [PMID: 28661458 PMCID: PMC5535885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, which is considered a serious disease. The Child-Pugh score and the model of end-stage liver disease score have been established to assess residual liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis. The development of portal hypertension contributes to ascites, variceal bleeding and further complications in these patients. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is used to lower portal pressure, which represents a major improvement in the treatment of patients. Adipokines are proteins released from adipose tissue and modulate hepatic fibrogenesis. These proteins affect various biological processes that are involved in liver function, including angiogenesis, vasodilation, inflammation and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The best studied adipokines are adiponectin and leptin. Adiponectin protects against hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis, and leptin functions as a profibrogenic factor. These and other adipokines are supposed to modulate disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis. Consequently, circulating levels of these proteins have been analyzed to identify associations with parameters of hepatic function, portal hypertension and its associated complications in patients with liver cirrhosis. This review article briefly addresses the role of adipokines in hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Here, studies having analyzed these proteins in systemic blood in cirrhotic patients are listed to identify adipokines that are comparably changed in the different cohorts of patients with liver cirrhosis. Some studies measured these proteins in systemic, hepatic and portal vein blood or after TIPS to specify the tissues contributing to circulating levels of these proteins and the effect of portal hypertension, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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21
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Krautbauer S, Wiest R, Liebisch G, Buechler C. Associations of systemic sphingolipids with measures of hepatic function in liver cirrhosis are related to cholesterol. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017. [PMID: 28647317 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein particles are composed of various lipid classes including cholesterol and sphingolipids, and are low in serum of patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatic decompensation is associated with a further decline of lipoproteins. Aim of the present work was to evaluate whether ceramide and sphingomyelin species are similarly changed in patients with liver cirrhosis and whether these variations are related to systemic cholesterol levels. In a cohort of 45 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis, cholesteryl ester species and subsequently total cholesterol were identified to be negatively associated with model of end stage liver disease (MELD) score. Indeed, the negative correlations of ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) species with MELD score, bilirubin and anti-thrombin 3 were non-significant after adjustment for cholesterol. Cer/SM ratios of species with identical acyl chains were not related to Child-Pugh or MELD score indicating that both lipids are comparably changed. Further, cholesterol levels and concentrations of all sphingolipids measured were similar in systemic, hepatic vein and portal vein blood. Cholesterol and distinct sphingolipids were similar before and 3 months after insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt while hexosylceramide 24:1 was significantly induced. It is concluded that analysis of distinct systemic sphingolipid species is not superior to measurement of cholesterol as non-invasive marker of hepatic injury in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disorders have become globally prevalent posing a challenge for the chronically damaged liver and predisposing the development and progression of cancer. The rising phenomenon of "obesity epidemic" may provide means for understanding why liver cancer is one of the few malignancies with rising incidence in developed countries over the last decades. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes is an increasingly recognized trigger for liver cancer in Western populations characterized by low prevalence of established risk factors for liver cancer such as viral hepatitis and hepatotoxin exposure. Accumulating evidence has established an association between higher body mass index as an indicator of general obesity and higher risk of primary liver cancer. The associations are stronger in men, in patients with underlying liver disease and in white ethnic groups. Abdominal obesity, weight gain in adult life and metabolic factors related to visceral fat accumulation were also suggested as important risk factors for liver cancer; however, more studies are needed to evaluate these associations. The association of obesity and metabolic parameters with liver cancer survival remains controversial. It is unclear which exact mechanisms could provide links between obesity and liver cancer risk. Recent evidence has implicated several molecular pathways in obesity-associated liver cancer. These include insulin resistance leading to increased levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factors, chronic inflammation, adipose tissue remodeling, pro-inflammatory cytokine and adipokine secretion, and altered gut microbiota. These mechanisms coincide with inflammatory and metabolic processes occurring in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease predisposing cancer development and progression. In the context of the current evidence, better understanding of the role of obesity and related metabolic factors may help in improving current strategies for liver cancer prevention.
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Lv X, Kong J, Chen WD, Wang YD. The Role of the Apelin/APJ System in the Regulation of Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:221. [PMID: 28484393 PMCID: PMC5401884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide that is a ligand for the APJ receptor (angiotensin II receptor like-1, AT-1). The apelin/APJ system is distributed in diverse periphery organ tissues. It has been shown that the apelin/APJ system plays various roles in physiology and pathophysiology of many organs. It regulates cardiovascular development or cardiac disease, glycometabolism and fat metabolism as well as metabolic disease. The apelin/APJ system participates in various cell activities such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis or inflammation. However, apelin/APJ function in the liver is still under investigation. In the liver, the apelin-APJ system could play an inhibitory role in liver regeneration and promote Fas-induced apoptosis. It may participate in the formation of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and even cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of the apelin/APJ system in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing, China
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Kukla M, Waluga M, Żorniak M, Berdowska A, Wosiewicz P, Sawczyn T, Bułdak RJ, Ochman M, Ziora K, Krzemiński T, Hartleb M. Serum omentin and vaspin levels in cirrhotic patients with and without portal vein thrombosis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2613-2624. [PMID: 28465646 PMCID: PMC5394525 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate serum omentin and vaspin levels in cirrhotic patients; and to assess the relationship of these levels with hemostatic parameters, metabolic abnormalities, cirrhosis severity and etiology.
METHODS Fifty-one cirrhotic patients (17 with portal vein thrombosis) were analyzed. Serum omentin and vaspin levels were measured with commercially available direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). To assess platelet activity, the following tests were performed using a MULTIPLATE®PLATELET FUNCTION ANALYZER: (1) an ADP-induced platelet activation test; (2) a cyclooxygenase dependent aggregation test (ASPI test); (3) a von Willebrand factor and glycoprotein Ib-dependent aggregation (using ristocetin) test (RISTO test); and (4) a test for thrombin receptor-activating peptide-6 induced activation of the thrombin receptor, which is sensitive to IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists.
RESULTS Omentin, but not vaspin, serum concentrations were significantly decreased in patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (P = 0.01). Prothrombin levels were significantly increased in patients with PVT (P = 0.01). The thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) test results were significantly lower in the PVT group (P = 0.03). No significant differences in adipokines serum levels were found regarding the etiology or severity of liver cirrhosis assessed according to the Child-Pugh or Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. There was a significant increase in the TRAP (P = 0.03), ASPI (P = 0.001) and RISTO high-test (P = 0.02) results in patients with lower MELD scores. Serum omentin and vaspin levels were significantly down-regulated in patients without insulin resistance (P = 0.03, P = 0.02, respectively). A positive relationship between omentin and vaspin levels were found both when all of the patients were analyzed (r = 0.41, P = 0.01) and among those with PVT (r = 0.94, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Serum omentin levels are increased in patients without PVT. Cirrhosis origin and grade do not affect omentin and vaspin levels. The analyzed adipokines do not influence platelet activity.
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Immune-Inflammatory and Metabolic Effects of High Dose Furosemide plus Hypertonic Saline Solution (HSS) Treatment in Cirrhotic Subjects with Refractory Ascites. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165443. [PMID: 27941973 PMCID: PMC5152809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with chronic liver diseases are usually thin as a result of hypermetabolism and malnutrition expressed by reduced levels of leptin and impairment of other adyponectins such as visfatin. Aims We evaluated the metabolic and inflammatory effects of intravenous high-dose furosemide plus hypertonic saline solutions (HSS) compared with repeated paracentesis and a standard oral diuretic schedule, in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Methods 59 consecutive cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites unresponsive to outpatient treatment. Enrolled subjects were randomized to treatment with intravenous infusion of furosemide (125–250mg⁄bid) plus small volumes of HSS from the first day after admission until 3 days before discharge (Group A, n:38), or repeated paracentesis from the first day after admission until 3 days before discharge (Group B, n: 21). Plasma levels of ANP, BNP, Leptin, visfatin, IL-1β, TNF-a, IL-6 were measured before and after the two type of treatment. Results Subjects in group A were observed to have a significant reduction of serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ANP, BNP, and visfatin, thus regarding primary efficacy endpoints, in Group A vs. Group B we observed higher Δ-TNF-α, Δ-IL-1β, Δ-IL-6, Δ-ANP, Δ-BNP, Δ-visfatin, Δ-Leptin at discharge. Discussion Our findings underline the possible inflammatory and metabolic effect of saline overload correction in treatment of cirrhosis complications such as refractory ascites, suggesting a possible role of inflammatory and metabolic-nutritional variables as severity markers in these patients.
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Tsai IT, Wang CP, Yu TH, Lu YC, Lin CW, Lu LF, Wu CC, Chung FM, Lee YJ, Hung WC, Hsu CC. Circulating visfatin level is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection. Cytokine 2016; 90:54-59. [PMID: 27770715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytokines play an important role in adipose tissue homeostasis, especially in obesity-associated disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver and their complications including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although visfatin is an adipocytokine highly expressed in visceral fat that has been demonstrated to play a critical role in the progression of human malignancies, little is known about the role of visfatin in HCC associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we investigated whether plasma visfatin levels were altered in patients with HCC and the association between plasma visfatin levels and pretreatment hematologic profiles. Plasma visfatin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 193 patients with different stages of HBV or HCV infection, and 92 healthy control subjects. The patients with HCC and chronic HCV or HBV infection had higher levels of visfatin than patients with HBV, HCV, and cirrhosis. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (OR: 1.13, p=0.003), and plasma visfatin (OR: 1.17, p=0.046) were independently associated with HCC. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that plasma visfatin level was positively associated with age, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and AFP. Trend analyses confirmed that plasma visfatin concentration was associated with AFP>8ng/mL, cirrhosis, HCC, tumor size>5cm, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer-C stage. These results suggested that the plasma visfatin level is associated with the presence of HCC, and that a higher plasma visfatin level may be important in the pathogenesis of HCC. Visfatin may act as both a protective and pro-inflammatory factor. Plasma visfatin concentration may serve as an additional tool to identify patients with more advanced necroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Lu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Chin Hung
- Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chang Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
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Fulham MA, Mandrekar P. Sexual Dimorphism in Alcohol Induced Adipose Inflammation Relates to Liver Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164225. [PMID: 27711160 PMCID: PMC5053524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease occurs due to chronic, heavy drinking and is driven both by metabolic alterations and immune cell activation. Women are at a higher risk than men for developing alcohol induced liver injury and this dimorphism is reflected in animal models of alcoholic liver disease. The importance of adipose tissue in alcoholic liver disease is emerging. Chronic alcohol consumption causes adipose tissue inflammation, which can influence liver injury. Sex differences in body fat composition are well known. However, it is still unclear if alcohol-induced adipose tissue inflammation occurs in a sex-dependent manner. Here we have employed the clinically relevant NIAAA model of chronic-binge alcohol consumption to investigate this sexual dimorphism. We report that female mice have greater liver injury than male mice despite lower alcohol consumption. Chronic-binge alcohol induces adipose tissue inflammation in vivo in female mice, which is illustrated by increased expression of TNFα, IL-6, and CCL2, compared to only IL-6 induction in male adipose tissue. Further, macrophage activation markers such as CD68 as well as the pro-inflammatory activation markers CD11b and CD11c were higher in female adipose tissue. Interestingly, alcohol induced expression of TLR2, 3, 4, and 9 in female but not male adipose tissue, without affecting the TLR adaptor, MyD88. Higher trends of serum endotoxin in female mice may likely contribute to adipose tissue inflammation. In vitro chronic alcohol-mediated sensitization of macrophages to endotoxin is independent of sex. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that there is a sexual dimorphism in alcohol-induced adipose tissue inflammation and female mice exhibit a higher degree of inflammation than male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Fulham
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jamali R, Razavizade M, Arj A, Aarabi MH. Serum adipokines might predict liver histology findings in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5096-5103. [PMID: 27275102 PMCID: PMC4886385 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i21.5096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess significance of serum adipokines to determine the histological severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
METHODS: Patients with persistent elevation in serum aminotransferase levels and well-defined characteristics of fatty liver at ultrasound were enrolled. Individuals with a history of alcohol consumption, hepatotoxic medication, viral hepatitis or known liver disease were excluded. Liver biopsy was performed to confirm non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). The degrees of liver steatosis, lobular inflammation and fibrosis were determined based on the non-alcoholic fatty liver activity score (NAS) by a single expert pathologist. Patients with a NAS of five or higher were considered to have steatohepatitis. Those with a NAS of two or lower were defined as simple fatty liver. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the independent association of adipokines with histological findings. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to determine cut-off values of serum adipokines to discriminate the grades of liver steatosis, lobular inflammation and fibrosis.
RESULTS: Fifty-four participants aged 37.02 ± 9.82 were enrolled in the study. Higher serum levels of visfatin, IL-8, TNF-α levels were associated independently with steatosis grade of more than 33% [β = 1.08 (95%CI: 1.03-1.14), 1.04 (95%CI: 1.008-1.07), 1.04 (95%CI: 1.004-1.08), P < 0.05]. Elevated serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were associated independently with advanced lobular inflammation [β = 1.4 (95%CI: 1.09-1.8), 1.07 (95%CI: 1.003-1.15), P < 0.05]. Similarly, higher TNF-α, resistin, and hepcidin levels were associated independently with advanced fibrosis stage [β = 1.06 (95%CI: 1.002-1.12), 19.86 (95%CI: 2.79-141.19), 560.72 (95%CI: 5.98-5255.33), P < 0.05]. Serum IL-8 and TNF-α values were associated independently with the NAS score, considering a NAS score of 5 as the reference value [β = 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01-1.1), 1.13 (95%CI: 1.04-1.22), P < 0.05].
CONCLUSION: Certain adipokines may determine the severity of NAFLD histology accurately.
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29
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Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L. The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 456:81-88. [PMID: 26944568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, an endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ, is expressed in a diverse number of organs. The apelin-APJ axis helps to control the processes of pathological and physiological fibrosis, including renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, liver fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of apelin-APJ in organ fibrosis remains controversial due to conflicting study results. The apelin-APJ axis is a detrimental mechanism which promotes liver fibrosis mainly via up-regulation the expression of collagen-II and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ). On the contrary, the apelin-APJ axis is beneficial for renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. The apelin-APJ axis alleviates renal fibrosis by restraining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). In addition, the apelin-APJ axis attenuates cardiac fibrosis through multiple pathways. Furthermore, the apelin-APJ axis has beneficial effects on experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which suggest the apelin-APJ axis potentially alleviates pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we review the controversies associated with apelin-APJ in organ fibrosis and introduce the drugs that target apelin-APJ. We conclude that future studies should place more emphasis on the relationship among apelin isoforms, APJ receptor subtypes and organ fibrosis. The apelin-APJ axis will be a potential therapeutic target and those drugs targeted for apelin-APJ may constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, liver fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Huang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Romeiro FG, Augusti L. Nutritional assessment in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2940-2954. [PMID: 26730273 PMCID: PMC4691697 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i30.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the worst complications of liver disease and can be greatly influenced by nutritional status. Ammonia metabolism, inflammation and muscle wasting are relevant processes in HE pathophysiology. Malnutrition worsens the prognosis in HE, requiring early assessment of nutritional status of these patients. Body composition changes induced by liver disease and limitations superimposed by HE hamper the proper accomplishment of exams in this population, but evidence is growing that assessment of muscle mass and muscle function is mandatory due to the role of skeletal muscles in ammonia metabolism. In this review, we present the pathophysiological aspects involved in HE to support further discussion about advantages and drawbacks of some methods for evaluating the nutritional status of cirrhotic patients with HE, focusing on body composition.
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