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Ying LN, Sun Y, Cui LY, Zhang ZY, Li RF, Zhang J. Recent advances in the knowledge of the mechanism of reflux hypersensitivity. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:518-523. [PMID: 38343278 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2310177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Reflux hypersensitivity (RH) is a subtype of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The Rome IV criteria separated RH from the original nonerosive reflux disease subgroup and classified it as a new functional oesophageal disease. Recently, the pathogenesis of RH has become the focus of research. According to the latest research reports, upregulation of acid-sensitive receptors, distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerve fibres, and psychiatric comorbidity have key roles in the pathogenesis of RH. This work reviews the latest findings regarding RH mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Na Ying
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang Cui
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yu Zhang
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Rui Fang Li
- People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Wang D, Zhou D, Liu X, Xu Z, Bai T, Hou X. Different dosages of vonoprazan for gastroesophageal reflux disease: study protocol for a pragmatic, crossover-cluster, randomized controlled trial with patient preference arms. Trials 2023; 24:778. [PMID: 38041136 PMCID: PMC10691065 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vonoprazan results in more potent acid suppression for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) than proton pump inhibitors. It has only been approved for treating erosive esophagitis in China, but 30-40% of GERD patients cannot achieve the goal of treatment with vonoprazan 20 mg daily. This study aims to investigate whether vonoprazan could relieve the symptoms of Chinese patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and whether increased dosage or different times of dosing could increase the response rate of GERD. METHODS This study is a pragmatic, open-label, crossover-cluster, randomized controlled trial with patient preference arms. Two thousand eight hundred eighty patients with GERD from 48 hospitals in China will be enrolled. These hospitals will be divided into a compulsory randomization cluster (24 hospitals) and a patient preference cluster (24 hospitals). Patients in the compulsory randomization cluster will be randomized to three regimens according to the crossover-cluster randomization. Patients in the patient preference cluster may choose to receive any regimen if they have a preference; otherwise, patients will be randomly assigned. The three treatment regimens will last 4 weeks, including (1) vonoprazan 20 mg p.o. after breakfast, (2) vonoprazan 20 mg p.o. after dinner, and (3) vonoprazan 20 mg p.o. after breakfast and after dinner. Patients will attend a baseline visit, a 4-week e-diary, a fourth-week visit, and a sixth-month visit online. The primary outcome is the symptom relief rate of all patients after 4-week therapy. Secondary outcomes include the healing rate of EE patients, the severity of symptoms, compliance with the therapy at the fourth-week follow-up visit, recurrent symptoms, and the frequency of self-conscious doctor visits at the sixth-month follow-up visit. DISCUSSION This trial will explore the effectiveness of different regimens of vonoprazan that will be implemented with GERD patients in China. The randomization with patient preferences considered and the crossover-cluster component may improve the robustness and extrapolation of study conclusions. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2300069857. Registered on 28 March 2023. PROTOCOL VERSION February 18, 2023, Version 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongke Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuang Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyue Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Maev IV, Livzan MA, Mozgovoi SI, Gaus OV, Bordin DS. Esophageal Mucosal Resistance in Reflux Esophagitis: What We Have Learned So Far and What Remains to Be Learned. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2664. [PMID: 37627923 PMCID: PMC10453919 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has the highest prevalence among diseases of the digestive system and is characterized by a significant decrease in patients' quality of life, comparable to arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. One in every ten cases of reflux esophagitis leads to the formation of Barrett's esophagus, which is associated with a high risk of esophagus adenocarcinoma. The key factors determining the progression of the disease are the frequency and duration of the reflux of the stomach's contents. As a result, refluxate, which includes hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and, in the case of concomitant duodeno-gastric reflux, bile acids and lysolecithin, is thrown into the overlying sections of the digestive tract. At the same time, in addition to aggression factors, it is necessary to take into account the state of resistance in the esophageal mucosa to the effects of aggressive refluxate molecules. This review was prepared using systematized data on the protective properties of the esophageal mucosa and modern methods to assess the mucosal barrier in reflux esophagitis. Lesions of the epithelial barrier structure in the esophagus are recognized as the main pathogenetic factor in the development of reflux esophagitis and are a potentially significant therapeutic target in the treatment of GERD and Barrett's esophagus. This article presents the characteristics of the esophageal mucosal barrier and the protective mechanisms of the esophagus's mucous membrane in conditions of gastroesophageal reflux. Diagnostic approaches for assessing the course of reflux esophagitis are described for both histological criteria and the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of the state of mucins, tight-junction proteins, and the proliferative activity of the mucosa, including under the conditions of ongoing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Maev
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Livzan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia
| | - Sergei I. Mozgovoi
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia
| | - Olga V. Gaus
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Omsk State Medical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Bordin
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pancreatic, Biliary and Upper Digestive Tract Disorders, A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 111123 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine, Tver State Medical University, 170100 Tver, Russia
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Ustaoglu A, Woodland P. Sensory Phenotype of the Oesophageal Mucosa in Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032502. [PMID: 36768825 PMCID: PMC9917190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) affects up to 20% of Western populations, yet sensory mechanisms underlying heartburn pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. While central mechanisms of heartburn perception have been established in earlier studies, recent studies have highlighted an important role of neurochemical, inflammatory, and cellular changes occurring in the oesophageal mucosa itself. The localization and neurochemical characterisation of sensory afferent nerve endings differ among GORD phenotypes, and could explain symptom heterogeneity among patients who are exposed to similar levels of reflux. Acid-induced stimulation of nociceptors on pain-sensing nerve endings can regulate afferent signal transmission. This review considers the role of peripheral mechanisms of sensitization in the amplification of oesophageal sensitivity in patients with GORD.
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Zhong XF, Zhou G, Xu SM, Li XM, Xu Y, Liu WL, Zhang YX, He LC, Shen QY, Xu PS. Pharmacokinetics of Esomeprazole Magnesium After Single Oral Doses in Healthy Subjects: Bioequivalence Study and Food Effects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2022; 11:1308-1313. [PMID: 35822412 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of the newly developed delayed-release oral suspension (test) 40 mg esomeprazole magnesium compared to its marketed counterpart (40 mg; reference) in healthy adult Chinese subjects. We conducted randomized, open-label, two-period, single-dose, two-way crossover trials over a 7-day washout period, comprising a fasting trial and a fed trial. The subjects were administered the test or reference products in a 1:1 ratio at random throughout each period. Then, in the next session, they received the alternate products. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and WinNonlin software were used to assess the bioequivalence of esomeprazole peak plasma concentration (Cmax ) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). Overall, 33 subjects participated in the fasting trial and 42 subjects participated in the fed trial. Under both situations, the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of geometric means of Cmax , AUC0-t , and AUC0-∞ were within equivalence ranges (80%-125%). In these trials, no severe adverse events or protocol violations were observed. Moreover, when esomeprazole was administered while fed, the tmax was delayed, and both Cmax and AUC were reduced. The results of this research suggest that the test and reference formulations were bioequivalent under fasting and fed states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhong
- Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Gan Zhou
- Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Su-Mei Xu
- Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Min Li
- Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Baiyang Pharmaceutical Limited by Share Ltd, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan-Xin Zhang
- Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lin-Cong He
- Anbisheng Pharmaceutical Limited by Share Ltd, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiu-Ying Shen
- Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ping-Sheng Xu
- Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Han X, Zhang Y, Lee A, Li Z, Gao J, Wu X, Zhao J, Wang H, Chen D, Zou D, Owyang C. Upregulation of acid sensing ion channels is associated with esophageal hypersensitivity in GERD. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22083. [PMID: 34918385 PMCID: PMC8715981 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100606r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the mainstay of therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) but up to 60% of patients have inadequate response to therapy. Acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) play important roles in nociception. This study aimed to investigate whether the increased expression of ASICs results in neuronal hyperexcitability in GERD. Esophageal biopsies were taken from GERD patients and healthy subjects to compare expression of ASIC1 and 3. Next, gene and protein expression of ASIC1 and 3 from esophageal mucosa and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were measured by qPCR, Western‐blot and immunofluorescence in rodent models of reflux esophagitis (RE), non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD), and sham operated groups. Excitability of DRG neurons in the GERD and sham groups were also tested by whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. We demonstrated that ASIC1 and 3 expression were significantly increased in patients with RE compared with healthy controls. This correlated positively with symptom severity of heartburn and regurgitation (p < .001). Next, ASIC1 and 3 gene and protein expression in rodent models of RE and NERD were similarly increased in esophageal mucosa as well as T3–T5 DRG neurons compared with sham operation. DRG neurons from RE animals showed hyperexcitability compared with sham group. However, intrathecal injection of ASIC specific inhibitors, PcTx1 and APTEx‐2, as well as silencing ASIC1 and 3 genes with specific siRNAs prevented visceral hypersensitivity. Overall, upregulation of ASIC1 and 3 may lead to visceral hypersensitivity in RE and NERD and may be a potential therapeutic target for PPI non‐responsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allen Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyin Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiulong Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chung Owyang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Direct Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan Versus Proton-Pump Inhibitors for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:19-28. [PMID: 32095968 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder, and is typically treated with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) as the recommended first-line therapy. Recently, a new potassium-competitive acid blocker, vonoprazan, was launched in Japan. It is uncertain whether the standard dose of vonoprazan 20 mg is superior to that of PPIs for GERD, so a direct comparison of the therapeutic effects and adverse events between vonoprazan 20 mg and PPIs is needed. METHODS MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase were chosen as the literature sources. Randomized controlled trials for vonoprazan 20 mg and PPIs published in English were searched. Data from studies meeting the eligibility criteria were extracted individually by two researchers and compared to maintain consistency. RESULTS Fifty-six articles were identified in the databases, and one study was manually searched and added to the analysis, ultimately yielding six eligible studies. For the main analysis, the risk ratios (RR) of efficacy and adverse events between vonoprazan and PPIs were 1.06 (0.99-1.13) and 1.08 (0.96-1.22), respectively. Subgroup analysis for patients with severe esophagitis at baseline showed significantly higher results for vonoprazan than lansoprazole, with an RR of 1.14 (1.06-1.22). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that vonoprazan is non-inferior to PPIs as therapy for patients with GERD. Subgroup analysis indicates that vonoprazan is more effective than PPIs for patients with severe erosive esophagitis. The safety outcomes for vonoprazan are similar to those for PPIs.
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Response to therapy among neonates with gastro-esophageal reflux is associated with esophageal clearance. Early Hum Dev 2021; 152:105248. [PMID: 33188979 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies evaluated the efficacy of pharmacological therapy for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in newborns, whose safety has been questioned. Esophageal basal impedance (BI) is a marker of mucosal integrity, and treatment with proton pump inhibitors significantly increases BI in infants; however, no correlation with clinical improvement was reported. AIMS To evaluate the relationship between BI and other esophageal pH-impedance parameters and clinical response to therapy in newborns with GERD. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter retrospective study. SUBJECTS Infants who received omeprazole or ranitidine for GERD. OUTCOME MEASURES Complete response to therapy was defined as symptom decrease by ≥50% compared to baseline, partial response as symptom decrease <50%, no response as no symptom decrease based on chart analysis. Response to therapy was assessed 2 and 4 weeks after the onset of therapy. Univariate and multivariate statistics were performed to assess associations between response to therapy and clinical/pH-impedance parameters. RESULTS We studied 60 infants (51 born preterm): 47 received omeprazole, 13 ranitidine. Response to therapy was associated with decreasing esophageal clearance time: odds ratio 0.308, 95%CI 0.126-0.753, p = 0.010 at 2 weeks, odds ratio 0.461, 95%CI 0.223-0.955, p = 0.037 at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Clinical response to therapy among infants with GERD was associated with esophageal clearance but not with esophageal BI level.
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Liu ZZ, Ren Q, Zhou YN, Yang HM. Bioequivalence of two esomeprazole magnesium enteric-coated formulations in healthy Chinese subjects. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:5518-5528. [PMID: 33344542 PMCID: PMC7716327 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i22.5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of esomeprazole in healthy Chinese subjects and the effects of food on the pharmacokinetics have not been well studied.
AIM To evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of esomeprazole magnesium (Eso) enteric- coated capsule in the healthy subjects in China and the bioequivalence of the two formulations.
METHODS This study was conducted in the Phase I Clinical Trial Unit of the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 64 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Thirty-two subjects fasted or fed, took the test or reference formulation Eso enteric-coated capsule by a four-cycle, two-sequence crossover of fasting/fed, self-controlled method. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to determine the drug plasma concentration at 16 different time points within 12 h after drug administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, area under the curve (AUC)0-t, and AUC0-inf were calculated to evaluate the bioequivalence.
RESULTS Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated after subjects took the test formulation and control formulation under fasting status. The ratio of geometric means of Cmax was 104.15%, with a confidence interval (CI) of 98.20-110.46%. The ratio of geometric means of AUC0-t was 105.26%, with a CI of 99.80-111.01%. The ratio of geometric means of AUC0-inf was 105.37%, with a CI of 99.97-111.06%. The pharmacokinetic parameters were also evaluated after subjects took the reference formulation of Eso enteric-coated capsule after eating. The upper limit of 95% CI of the geometric mean ratio of pharmacokinetic parameters of Eso enteric-coated capsules in the postprandial state Cmax was -0.1689, and the point estimate was 0.9509 (0.80-1.25). The upper limit of 95% CI of the geometric mean ratio of pharmacokinetic parameters of Eso enteric-coated capsules in the postprandial state AUC0-t was -0.1015 (≤ 0) , and the point estimate was 0.9003 (0.80-1.25). The upper limit of 95% CI of the geometric mean ratio of pharmacokinetic parameters of Eso enteric-coated capsules in the postprandial state AUC0-inf was -0.0593 (≤ 0), and the point estimate was 0.8453 (0.80-1.25). The results indicated that the two formulations were bioequivalent under both fasting and fed states.
CONCLUSION The two types of esomeprazole tablets were bioequivalent under both fasting and fed states, and both were generally well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhi Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Nan Zhou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hai-Miao Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Low-Cost Method and Biochip for Measuring the Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) of Esophageal Epithelium. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102354. [PMID: 32443854 PMCID: PMC7288155 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a good indicator of the barrier integrity of epithelial tissues and is often employed in biomedical research as an effective tool to assess ion transport and permeability of tight junctions. The Ussing chamber is the gold standard for measuring TEER of tissue specimens, but it has major drawbacks: it is a macroscopic method that requires a careful and labor intensive sample mounting protocol, allows a very limited viability for the mounted sample, has large parasitic components and low throughput as it cannot perform multiple simultaneous measurements, and this sophisticated and delicate apparatus has a relatively high cost. This paper demonstrates a low-cost home-made “sandwich ring” method which was used to measure the TEER of tissue specimens effectively. This method inspired the subsequent design of a biochip fabricated using standard soft lithography and laser engraving technologies, with which the TEER of pig epithelial tissues was measured. Moreover, it was possible to temporarily preserve the tissue specimens for days in the biochip and monitor the TEER continuously. Tissue responses after exposure tests to media of various pH values were also successfully recorded using the biochip. All these demonstrate that this biochip could be an effective, cheaper, and easier to use Ussing chamber substitute that may have relevant applications in clinical practice.
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Bashashati M, Sarosiek I, McCallum RW. Epidemiology and mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the elderly: a perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1380:230-234. [PMID: 27526197 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) seems to be more common in older individuals. Disturbed esophageal motility; anatomical disorders, such as hiatal hernia, increased obesity, defective mucosal integrity, and alteration in salivary secretion; and concomitant medications all attribute to the higher rate of GERD in the elderly. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms that could explain this higher rate of GERD in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bashashati
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Irene Sarosiek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Richard W McCallum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas.
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