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Li Z, Song Y, Xu W, Chen J, Zhou R, Yang M, Zhu G, Luo X, Ai Z, Liu Y, Su D. Pulsatilla chinensis saponins improve SCFAs regulating GPR43-NLRP3 signaling pathway in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116215. [PMID: 36806339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pulsatilla decoction has been extensively used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in recent years. Pulsatilla chinensis saponin (PRS), the active ingredient of its monarch medicine Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, plays a crucial role in the treatment of UC, but its specific mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of PRS on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the DSS-induced colitis model was used to explore the metabolism and absorption of PRS under UC, detect the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colon tissue, the expression of receptor G Protein-Coupled Receptor 43 (GPR43) protein and inflammasome NLRP3, and observe the expression level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colon tissue. The protective effect of the PRS was also observed. RESULTS It was found that in the UC group, the absorption rate and extent of drugs increased, and the elimination was accelerated. Compared with the control group, PRS increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colon tissue, promoted the expression of SCFAs receptor GPR43 protein, inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and decreased the content of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. PRS protects the colon in DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease by increasing the content of SCFAs, promoting the expression of GPR43 protein, inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and reversing the increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. CONCLUSIONS PRS can increase the content of colonic SCFAs, activate the GPR43-NLRP3 signaling pathway, and reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby improving the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexie Li
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Weize Xu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jingbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Rou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi Guxiang Jinyun Comprehensive Health Industry Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Genhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaoquan Luo
- SPF Exeriment mice and rats Production base in Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhifu Ai
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Nanchang Medical College, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Kuo AM, Kraehenbuehl L, King S, Leung DYM, Goleva E, Moy AP, Lacouture ME, Shah NJ, Faleck DM. Contribution of the Skin-Gut Axis to Immune-Related Adverse Events with Multi-System Involvement. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122995. [PMID: 35740660 PMCID: PMC9221505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing numbers of cancer patients are treated with immunotherapy that activates their immune systems to control or even eliminate tumors. However, a substantial proportion of patients experience adverse events mediated by the unleashed immune system. The skin is one of the most frequently affected organs, with toxicities typically manifesting as distinct types of rashes. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is also commonly affected, with a wide spectrum of symptom manifestations that can range from self-limited diarrhea to life-threatening colitis. Here we present the relationship between skin and GI adverse events among cancer patients receiving treatment with immune checkpoint blockade, which has not been well-studied. Abstract Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) frequently complicate treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, which are commonly used to treat solid and hematologic malignancies. The skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract are most frequently affected by irAEs. While extensive efforts to further characterize organ-specific adverse events have contributed to the understanding and management of individual toxicities, investigations into the relationship between multi-organ toxicities have been limited. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a characterization of irAEs occurring in both the skin and gut. A retrospective analysis of two cohorts of patients treated with ICB at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was conducted, including a cohort of patients with cutaneous irAEs (ircAEs) confirmed by dermatologists (n = 152) and a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven immune-related colitis (n = 246). Among both cohorts, 15% (61/398) of patients developed both skin and GI irAEs, of which 72% (44/61) patients had ircAEs preceding GI irAEs (p = 0.00013). Our study suggests that in the subset of patients who develop both ircAEs and GI irAEs, ircAEs are likely to occur first. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate our findings, to assess the overall incidence of co-incident irAEs, and to determine whether ircAEs are predictors of other irAEs. This analysis highlights the development of multi-system dermatologic and gastrointestinal irAEs and underscores the importance of oncologists, gastroenterologists, and dermatologists confronted with an ircAE to remain alert for additional irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce M. Kuo
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; (A.M.K.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Lukas Kraehenbuehl
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; (A.M.K.); (M.E.L.)
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Stephanie King
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.K.); (D.M.F.)
| | - Donald Y. M. Leung
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health Hospital, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (D.Y.M.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Elena Goleva
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health Hospital, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (D.Y.M.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Andrea P. Moy
- Dermatopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Mario E. Lacouture
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; (A.M.K.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Neil J. Shah
- Genitourinary Solid Tumor Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - David M. Faleck
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.K.); (D.M.F.)
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Zhou B, Chen M, Shang S, Zhao J. Association of CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphisms and Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2022; 27:338-348. [PMID: 35254172 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2046855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To provide evidence of the association between CLTA-4 gene polymorphisms and Alopecia Areata (AA). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Wanfang and CNKI databases were searched until April 30, 2021.The selection was completed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study quality assessment was based on Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The assessment of the association was measured by ORs and 95%CIs. Results: Nine studies, containing 2858 AA cases and 5444 disease-free control subjects were included. For rs231775 polymorphism, no significant association with AA was found, which was A vs a, OR =1.02[0.81,1.30], P = 0.85; AA vs aa, OR =1.26[0.81,1.97], P = 0.31; Aa vs aa, OR =1.04[0.54,2.01], P = 0.91; AA + Aa vs aa, OR =1.04[0.71,1.53], P = 0.82; AA vs Aa + aa, OR =1.31[0.97,1.78], P = 0.08. For rs3087243 polymorphism, also no significant association was found, which was A vs a, OR =0.93[0.78,1.11]; P = 0.40, AA vs aa, OR =0.68[0.44,1.06]; P = 0.09; Aa vs aa, OR =0.87[0.45,1.68], P = 0.68; AA + Aa vs aa, OR =0.93[0.68,1.28], P = 0.66; AA vs Aa + aa, OR =0.78[0.34,1.81], P = 0.57. For rs231726 polymorphism, a significant correlation was found, which was A vs a, OR =0.76[0.70,0.82], P < 0.05. Conclusions: A significant correlation between CTLA-4 rs231726 polymorphism and AA susceptibility was found, but no significant association of CTLA-4 gene rs231775 and rs3087243 polymorphisms and AA susceptibility was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhou
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mojun Chen
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lo YC, Price C, Blenman K, Patil P, Zhang X, Robert ME. Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis Shows Drug-Specific Differences in Immune Cell Reaction That Overlap With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Predict Response to Colitis Therapy. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 156:214-228. [PMID: 33555016 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)-associated colitis can limit therapy and has resemblance to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Studies exploring mechanistic similarities between these colitides are limited, yet therapeutic targets for either disorder could emerge from shared pathophysiology. METHODS The morphology and inflammatory content of colonic biopsy specimens from anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-treated patients with CPI colitis were compared with initial biopsy specimens from patients with IBD. Predictors of the need for infliximab were sought in CPI patients. RESULTS Biopsy specimens from CPI patients showed significantly lower chronicity scores and similar activity scores compared with patients with IBD. Anti-CTLA-4 and IBD groups showed equivalent CD8, CD4, PD-1, and PD-L1 expression, while FoxP3 scores were lower and CD68 scores were higher in anti-CTLA-4 compared with IBD biopsy specimens. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 group had lower scores for CD8, CD4, and PD-1 and equivalent scores for FoxP3, PD-L1, and CD68 compared with IBD. Anti-CTLA-4 biopsy specimens had higher scores for CD8, PD-1, PD-L1, and CD68 than anti-PD-1/PD-L1 biopsy specimens. CD8/FoxP3 ratios and CD68 scores were higher among CPI patients requiring infliximab therapy for colitis compared with those responding to steroids. CONCLUSIONS The proinflammatory immune phenotype of anti-CTLA-4-associated colitis has significant overlap with IBD. CD8/FoxP3 ratios may predict therapeutic response in CPI-associated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Lo
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christina Price
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kim Blenman
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pallavi Patil
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marie E Robert
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Relationship of MDR1 gene polymorphism and P-glycoprotein expression in Chinese refractory lupus nephritis. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTo evaluate the association of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) polymorphism and the expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in Chinese refractory lupus nephritis (LN) patients. Polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing was used to analyze MDR1 polymorphism. The genotype distribution of MDR1 polymorphism in 132 SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) patients was evaluated. ELISA was used to measure the expression of Pgp. Relationship among Pgp expression, MDR1 polymorphism, SLEDAI (SLE disease activity index), and kidney pathological score was analyzed by using One-way ANOVA and Pearson linear correlation. The frequency distribution of the MDR1 gene was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared with CT and CC, patients with T/T homozygote in MDR1 C3435T had significantly increased Pgp expression in the refractory group (p < 0.05). Additionally, SLEDAI score was positively correlated with Pgp expression (r = 0.481, p < 0.05). Also, Pgp expression was positively correlated with renal pathological activity index (r = 0.76, p < 0.05). MDR1 C3435T polymorphism is significantly associated with Pgp expression in patients with refractory LN. Pgp expression is closely related to SLEDAI and renal pathological score. Thus, Pgp may be useful in evaluation of the prognosis of patients with refractory LN.
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Bernieh A, Hakar M, Stanek J. Lymphocytic Colitis With Increased Apoptosis: A Marker of Mutation in T-Cell-Mediated Immunity? Pediatr Dev Pathol 2020; 23:443-447. [PMID: 32955408 DOI: 10.1177/1093526620959054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytic colitis is a subtype of microscopic colitis that is mostly seen in adults. It presents mainly as chronic nonbloody diarrhea, with the hallmark of normal or near-normal endoscopy. In this case series, we are presenting 4 pediatric patients with lymphocytic colitis with prominent apoptosis of the colonic gland epithelium. Remarkably, all the patients have genetic mutations known to be associated with autoimmune enteropathy. Three patients have a CTLA4 mutation, and 1 patient has an STAT3 mutation. These mutations were previously reported in association with inflammatory bowel disease, but a specific connection with lymphocytic colitis has not been described. This report investigates the histopathology of such lesions in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Bernieh
- Division of Pathology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Melanie Hakar
- Division of Pathology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jerzy Stanek
- Division of Pathology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Yang X, Geng J, Meng H. Glucocorticoid receptor modulates dendritic cell function in ulcerative colitis. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1379-1389. [PMID: 32706033 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a serious form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurring worldwide. Although anti-TNF therapy is found to be effective in over 70% of patients with UC, nearly one-third are still deprived of effective treatment. Because glucocorticoids (GC) can effectively inhibit granulocyte-recruitment into the mucosa, cytokine secretion and T cell activation, they are used widely in the treatment of UC. However, remission is observed in only 55% of the patients after one year of steroid use due to a condition known as steroid response. Additionally, it has been noted that 20%-40% of the patients with UC do not respond to GC treatment. Researchers have revealed that the number of dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with UC tends to increase in the colonic mucosa. Many studies have determined that the removal of peripheral DCs through the adsorption and separation of granulocytes and monocytes could improve tolerance of the intestine to its symbiotic flora. Based on these results, further insights regarding the beneficial effects of Adacolumn apheresis in patients subjected to this treatment could be revealed. GC can effectively inhibit the activation of DCs by reducing the levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules, which is critical for controlling the recruitment of granulocytes. Therefore, alternative biological and new individualized therapies based on these approaches need to be evaluated to counter UC. In this review, progress in research associated with the regulatory effect of glucocorticoid receptors on DCs under conditions of UC is discussed, thus providing insights and identifying potential targets which could be employed in the treatment strategies against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jingshu Geng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Dimberg J, Rubér M, Skarstedt M, Andersson M, Andersson RE. Genetic polymorphism patterns suggest a genetic driven inflammatory response as pathogenesis in appendicitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:277-284. [PMID: 31845023 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of appendicitis is not well understood. Environmental factors are regarded most important, but epidemiologic findings suggest a role of inflammatory and genetic mechanisms. This study determines the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of inflammatory genes with appendicitis. METHODS As part of a larger prospective study on the diagnostic value of inflammatory variables in appendicitis, the genotype frequency of 28 polymorphisms in 26 inflammatory response genes from the appendicitis and control patients was analyzed in blood samples from 343 patients, 100 with appendicitis, and 243 with non-specific abdominal pain, using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. RESULTS Associations with appendicitis were found for SNPs IL-13 rs1800925 with odds ratio (OR) 6.02 (95% CI 1.52-23.78) for T/T versus C/C + T/T, for IL-17 rs2275913 with OR 2.38 (CI 1.24-4.57) for A/A vs G/G + GA, for CCL22 rs223888 with OR 0.12 (0.02-0.90), and for A/A vs G/G + GA. Signs of effect modification of age for the association with appendicitis were found for IL-13 rs1800925 and CTLA4 rs3087243. Stratified analysis showed difference in association with severity of disease for IL-17 rs2275913 and CD44 rs187115. CONCLUSIONS The association of gene variants on risk of appendicitis and its severity suggest an etiologic role of genetically regulated inflammatory response. This may have implications for understanding the prognosis of untreated appendicitis as a possible self-limiting disorder and for understanding the inverse association of appendicitis with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dimberg
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Rubér
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marita Skarstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, SE 551 85, Sweden
| | - Manne Andersson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,County Hospital Ryhov, Region Jönköping County, Department of Surgery, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Roland E Andersson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,County Hospital Ryhov, Region Jönköping County, Department of Surgery, Jönköping, Sweden.
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Non-HLA Genetic Factors and Their Influence on Heart Transplant Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Transplant Direct 2019; 5:e422. [PMID: 30882026 PMCID: PMC6415970 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background Improvement of immunosuppressive therapies and surgical techniques has increased the survival rate after heart transplantation. Nevertheless, a large number of patients still experience complications, such as allograft rejection, vasculopathy, kidney dysfunction, and diabetes in response to immunosuppressive therapy. Variants in HLA genes have been extensively studied for their role in clinical outcomes after transplantation, whereas the knowledge about non-HLA genetic variants in this setting is still limited. Non-HLA polymorphisms are involved in the metabolism of major immunosuppressive therapeutics and may play a role in clinical outcomes after cardiac transplantation. This systematic review summarizes the existing knowledge of associations between non-HLA genetic variation and heart transplant outcomes. Methods The current evidence available on genetic polymorphisms associated with outcomes after heart transplantation was identified by a systematic search in PubMed and Embase. Studies reporting on polymorphisms significantly associated with clinical outcomes after cardiac transplantation were included. Results A total of 56 studies were included, all were candidate gene studies. These studies identified 58 polymorphisms in 36 genes that were associated with outcomes after cardiac transplantation. Variants in TGFB1, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 are consistently replicated across multiple studies for various transplant outcomes. Conclusions The research currently available supports the hypothesis that non-HLA polymorphisms are associated with clinical outcomes after heart transplantation. However, many genetic variants were only identified in a single study, questioning their true effect on the clinical outcomes tested. Further research in larger cohorts with well-defined phenotypes is warranted.
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Jing W, Safarpour Y, Zhang T, Guo P, Chen G, Wu X, Fu Q, Wang Y. Berberine Upregulates P-Glycoprotein in Human Caco-2 Cells and in an Experimental Model of Colitis in the Rat via Activation of Nrf2-Dependent Mechanisms. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:332-340. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Association of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Gene Polymorphisms with Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Case-Control Study in Turkish Population. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1643906. [PMID: 29850619 PMCID: PMC5937418 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1643906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic, and autoimmune skin disease in which dysregulation of immune cells, particularly T cells, is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) expressed only on activated T cells is an immunoregulatory molecule and plays a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. We aimed to determine whether CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms are associated with development and/or clinical features of psoriasis vulgaris (Pv). Genotyping of SNPs (−318C>T, +49A>G, and CT60A>G) in CTLA-4 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 103 Pv patients and 102 controls. No statistically significant associations were detected in any of the investigated genetic models for the −318C>T polymorphism. The genotype distributions of +49A>G and CT60A>G were associated with Pv development. In haplotype analysis, while frequency of CAA haplotype was significantly higher in the control group, frequencies of CGG and CAG haplotype were significantly higher among the patients. However, all of CTLA-4 polymorphisms and haplotypes do not have an effect on severity and onset age of Pv. In conclusion, the +49A>G and CT60A>G polymorphisms may be risk factors for Pv development. Furthermore, CGG and CAG haplotypes may contribute to Pv development, while CAA haplotype may be protective against Pv.
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Hudson GM, Flannigan KL, Erickson SL, Vicentini FA, Zamponi A, Hirota CL, Alston L, Altier C, Ghosh S, Rioux KP, Mani S, Chang TK, Hirota SA. Constitutive androstane receptor regulates the intestinal mucosal response to injury. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1857-1871. [PMID: 28320072 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), involves aberrant interactions between a genetically susceptible individual, their microbiota and environmental factors. Alterations in xenobiotic receptor expression and function are associated with increased risk for IBD. Here, we have assessed the role of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a xenobiotic receptor closely related to the pregnane X receptor, in the regulation of intestinal mucosal homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CAR expression was assessed in intestinal mucosal biopsies obtained from CD and UC patients, and in C57/Bl6 mice exposed to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS; 3.5% w/v in drinking water) to evoke intestinal inflammation and tissue damage. CAR-deficient mice were exposed to DSS and mucosal healing assessed. Modulation of wound healing by CAR was assessed in vitro. The therapeutic potential of CAR activation was evaluated, using 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-1,4-bis(pyridyloxy)benzene (TCPOBOP), a selective rodent CAR agonist. KEY RESULTS CAR expression was reduced in CD and UC samples, compared with expression in healthy controls. This was reproduced in our DSS studies, where CAR expression was reduced in colitic mice. CAR-deficient mice exhibited reduced healing following DSS exposure. In vitro, CAR activation accelerated intestinal epithelial wound healing by enhancing cell migration. Lastly, treating mice with TCPOBOP, following induction of colitis, enhanced mucosal healing. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results support the notion that xenobiotic sensing is altered during intestinal inflammation, and suggest that CAR activation may prove effective in enhancing mucosal healing in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Hudson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kyle L Flannigan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah L Erickson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Fernando A Vicentini
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alexandra Zamponi
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Laurie Alston
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kevin P Rioux
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine & Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thomas K Chang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Cario E. P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter in inflammatory bowel diseases: More questions than answers. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1513-1520. [PMID: 28321153 PMCID: PMC5340804 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i9.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal barrier is constantly exposed to numerous environmental substrates that are foreign and potentially harmful. These xenobiotics can cause shifts in the intestinal microbiota composition, affect mucosal immune responses, disturb tissue integrity and impair regeneration. The multidrug transporter ABCB1/MDR1 p-glycoprotein (p-gp) plays a key role at the front line of host defence by efficiently protecting the gastrointestinal barrier from xenobiotic accumulation. This Editorial discusses how altered expression and function of ABCB1/MDR1 p-gp may contribute to the development and persistence of chronic intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Recent evidence implies multiple interactions between intestinal microbiota, innate immunity and xenobiotic metabolism via p-gp. While decreased efflux activity may promote disease susceptibility and drug toxicity, increased efflux activity may confer resistance to therapeutic drugs in IBD. Mice deficient in MDR1A develop spontaneously chronic colitis, providing a highly valuable murine IBD model for the study of intestinal epithelial barrier function, immunoregulation, infectious co-triggers and novel therapeutic approaches. Possible associations of human ABCB1 gene polymorphisms with IBD susceptibility have been evaluated, but results are inconsistent. Future studies must focus on further elucidation of the pathophysiological relevance and immunological functions of p-gp and how its ambiguous effects could be therapeutically targeted in IBD.
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