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Shaban HA, Friman ET, Deluz C, Tollenaere A, Katanayeva N, Suter DM. Individual transcription factors modulate both the micromovement of chromatin and its long-range structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311374121. [PMID: 38648478 PMCID: PMC11067044 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311374121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The control of eukaryotic gene expression is intimately connected to highly dynamic chromatin structures. Gene regulation relies on activator and repressor transcription factors (TFs) that induce local chromatin opening and closing. However, it is unclear how nucleus-wide chromatin organization responds dynamically to the activity of specific TFs. Here, we examined how two TFs with opposite effects on local chromatin accessibility modulate chromatin dynamics nucleus-wide. We combine high-resolution diffusion mapping and dense flow reconstruction and correlation in living cells to obtain an imaging-based, nanometer-scale analysis of local diffusion processes and long-range coordinated movements of both chromatin and TFs. We show that the expression of either an individual transcriptional activator (CDX2) or repressor (SIX6) with large numbers of binding sites increases chromatin mobility nucleus-wide, yet they induce opposite coherent chromatin motions at the micron scale. Hi-C analysis of higher-order chromatin structures shows that induction of the pioneer factor CDX2 leads both to changes in local chromatin interactions and the distribution of A and B compartments, thus relating the micromovement of chromatin with changes in compartmental structures. Given that inhibition of transcription initiation and elongation by RNA Pol II has a partial impact on the global chromatin dynamics induced by CDX2, we suggest that CDX2 overexpression alters chromatin structure dynamics both dependently and independently of transcription. Our biophysical analysis shows that sequence-specific TFs can influence chromatin structure on multiple architectural levels, arguing that local chromatin changes brought by TFs alter long-range chromatin mobility and its organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A. Shaban
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
- Spectroscopy Department, Institute of Physics Research, National Research Centre, Cairo12622, Egypt
| | - Elias T. Friman
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Cédric Deluz
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Armelle Tollenaere
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Natalya Katanayeva
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - David M. Suter
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
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Xie D, Wu C, Wang D, Nisma Lena BA, Liu N, Ye G, Sun M. Wei-fu-chun tablet halted gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia associated with inflammation by regulating the NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117020. [PMID: 37567428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chi006Eese herbal medicine Weifuchun Tablets (WFC) approved by the State Food and Drug Administration in 1982 has been widely used in treating a variety of chronic stomach disorders including Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and Gastric precancerous lesions in China clinically. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of WFC in treating Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) and Gastric dysplasia (GDys). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat GIM and GDys established by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) combined with hot paste, ethanol injury, and intermittent fasting were intervened by WFC. Body weight, histopathology, pH of gastric acid, pepsin activity, intestinal metaplasia index and inflammation were detected. Rat bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) pretreated with WFC were stimulated by LPS. Inflammatory factors and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway were assessed. GES-1 cells pretreated by WFC were stimulated by MNNG and TNF-α, intestinal metaplasia index, the NF-κB pathway and interaction between P65 and CDX2 were detected. RESULTS WFC improved rat body weight, histopathology, pH value of gastric acid, activity of gastric pepsin, intestinal metaplasia (CDX2), inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), macrophage aggregation (CD68) in gastric mucosa in rat GIM and GDys. WFC inhibited inflammation (IL-1β and TNF-α) by inactivating the NF-κB pathway. WFC reduced the expression of CDX2 by inhibiting the binding of CDX2 promoter TSS upstream region with p65. CONCLUSION WFC blocked GIM and GDys associated with inflammation by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bahaji Azami Nisma Lena
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guan Ye
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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3
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Ramadesikan S, Colwell CM, Supinger R, Hunter J, Thomas J, Varga E, Mardis ER, Wood RJ, Koboldt DC. Novel inherited CDX2 variant segregating in a family with diverse congenital malformations of the genitourinary system. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2023; 9:a006294. [PMID: 37816608 PMCID: PMC10815271 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorectal malformations (ARMs) constitute a group of congenital defects of the gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. They affect males and females, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1 in 5000 live births. These malformations are clinically heterogeneous and can be part of a syndromic presentation (syndromic ARM) or as a nonsyndromic entity (nonsyndromic ARM). Despite the well-recognized heritability of nonsyndromic ARM, the genetic etiology in most patients is unknown. In this study, we describe three siblings with diverse congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, anemia, delayed milestones, and skeletal anomalies. Genome sequencing identified a novel, paternally inherited heterozygous Caudal type Homeobox 2 (CDX2) variant (c.722A > G (p.Glu241Gly)), that was present in all three affected siblings. The variant identified in this family is absent from population databases and predicted to be damaging by most in silico pathogenicity tools. So far, only two other reports implicate variants in CDX2 with ARMs. Remarkably, the individuals described in these studies had similar clinical phenotypes and genetic alterations in CDX2 CDX2 encodes a transcription factor and is considered the master regulator of gastrointestinal development. This variant maps to the homeobox domain of the encoded protein, which is critical for interaction with DNA targets. Our finding provides a potential molecular diagnosis for this family's condition and supports the role of CDX2 in anorectal anomalies. It also highlights the clinical heterogeneity and variable penetrance of ARM predisposition variants, another well-documented phenomenon. Finally, it underscores the diagnostic utility of genomic profiling of ARMs to identify the genetic etiology of these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Ramadesikan
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Caitlyn M Colwell
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Rachel Supinger
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Jesse Hunter
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Jessica Thomas
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal & Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Elizabeth Varga
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Richard J Wood
- Department of Pediatric Colorectal & Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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4
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Badia-Ramentol J, Gimeno-Valiente F, Duréndez E, Martínez-Ciarpaglini C, Linares J, Iglesias M, Cervantes A, Calon A, Tarazona N. The prognostic potential of CDX2 in colorectal cancer: Harmonizing biology and clinical practice. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 121:102643. [PMID: 37871463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy following surgical intervention remains the primary treatment option for patients with localized colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a significant proportion of patients will have an unfavorable outcome after current forms of chemotherapy. While reflecting the increasing complexity of CRC, the clinical application of molecular biomarkers provides information that can be utilized to guide therapeutic strategies. Among these, caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) emerges as a biomarker of both prognosis and relapse after therapy. CDX2 is a key transcription factor that controls intestinal fate. Although rarely mutated in CRC, loss of CDX2 expression has been reported mostly in right-sided, microsatellite-unstable tumors and is associated with aggressive carcinomas. The pathological assessment of CDX2 by immunohistochemistry can thus identify patients with high-risk CRC, but the evaluation of CDX2 expression remains challenging in a substantial proportion of patients. In this review, we discuss the roles of CDX2 in homeostasis and CRC and the alterations that lead to protein expression loss. Furthermore, we review the clinical significance of CDX2 assessment, with a particular focus on its current use as a biomarker for pathological evaluation and clinical decision-making. Finally, we attempt to clarify the molecular implications of CDX2 deficiency, ultimately providing insights for a more precise evaluation of CDX2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Badia-Ramentol
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Gimeno-Valiente
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Elena Duréndez
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Spain
| | | | - Jenniffer Linares
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Alexandre Calon
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noelia Tarazona
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Spain.
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5
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Wang Q, Zhang C, Cao S, Zhao H, Jiang R, Li Y. Tumor-derived exosomes orchestrate the microRNA-128-3p/ELF4/CDX2 axis to facilitate the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer via delivery of LINC01091. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022:10.1007/s10565-022-09728-y. [PMID: 35674868 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been manifested that tumor-derived exosomes (Exos) can deliver long noncoding RNAs to participate in gastric cancer (GC) progression. In this research, we intended to dissect out whether tumor-derived Exos carried LINC01091 to afflict the growth and metastasis of GC. GC tissues and human GC cells were attained for RNA and protein quantification. Accordingly, LINC01091, ELF4, and CDX2 were abundant but microRNA (miR)-128-3p was underexpressed in GC tissues and cells. Exos were isolated from LINC01091-silenced GC cells (Exo-sh-LINC01091). GC cells were co-cultured with Exo-sh-LINC01091 or manipulated with miR mimic, inhibitor, or overexpressing or silencing plasmids. Exo-sh-LINC01091, LINC01091, ELF4 or CDX2 silencing, or miR-128-3p upregulation augmented GC cell proliferative, migrating, and invasive properties. In addition, luciferase, RNA pull-down, and ChIP assays offered evidence supporting the mechanism that LINC01091 bound to miR-128-3p that inversely targeted ELF4, and ELF4 transcriptionally activated CDX2 by binding to its promoter in GC cells. Moreover, Exo-sh-LINC01091 modulated the miR-128-3p/ELF4/CDX2 axis and restrained the tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Conclusively, LINC01091 shuttled by tumor-derived Exos might expedite GC development by activating the ELF4/CDX2 axis via miR-128-3p downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengya Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongke Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China
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6
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He Q, Liu L, Wei J, Jiang J, Rong Z, Chen X, Zhao J, Jiang K. Roles and action mechanisms of bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia: a review. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:158. [PMID: 35379788 PMCID: PMC8979943 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous lesion that increases the risk of subsequent gastric cancer (GC) development. Therefore, the mechanism of IM has been the focus of basic and clinical research. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been recognized as the main pathogenesis of gastric IM. However, more and more studies have shown that chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa caused by bile reflux is the key pathogenic factor of gastric IM. Bile reflux activates the expression of IM biomarkers via the bile acid receptor. In addition, microRNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics are also involved in the occurrence and development of bile acid-induced gastric IM. Currently, the relevant research is still very few. The molecular mechanism of the phenotypic transformation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells induced by bile acids has not been fully understood. This article mainly reviews the physiology and pathology of bile acid, mechanism of gastric IM induced by bile acid, bile acid receptors, and so on, in order to provide reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jingge Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jiaying Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zheng Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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7
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Bersuder E, Terciolo C, Lechevrel M, Martin E, Quesnelle C, Freund JN, Reimund JM, Gross I. Mesalazine initiates an anti-oncogenic β-catenin / MUCDHL negative feed-back loop in colon cancer cells by cell-specific mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112543. [PMID: 34929577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation associated with intestinal architecture and barrier disruption puts patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Widely used to reduce flares of intestinal inflammation, 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives (5-ASAs) such as mesalazine appear to also exert more direct mucosal healing and chemopreventive activities against CRC. The mechanisms underlying these activities are poorly understood and may involve the up-regulation of the cadherin-related gene MUCDHL (CDHR5). This atypical cadherin is emerging as a new actor of intestinal homeostasis and opposes colon tumorigenesis. Here, we showed that mesalazine increase mRNA levels of MUCDHL and of other genes involved in the intestinal barrier function in most intestinal cell lines. In addition, using gain / loss of function experiments (agonists, plasmid or siRNAs transfections), luciferase reporter genes and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we thoroughly investigated the molecular mechanisms triggered by mesalazine that lead to the up-regulation of MUCDHL expression. We found that basal transcription of MUCDHL in different CRC cell lines is regulated positively by CDX2 and negatively by β-catenin through a negative feed-back loop. However, mesalazine-stimulation of MUCDHL transcription is controlled by cell-specific mechanisms, involving either enhanced activation of CDX2 and PPAR-γ or repression of the β-catenin inhibitory effect. This work highlights the importance of the cellular and molecular context in the activity of mesalazine and suggests that its efficacy against CRC depends on the genetic alterations of transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bersuder
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chloe Terciolo
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Université de Caen / Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, EA 4652, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Elisabeth Martin
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Celine Quesnelle
- Université de Caen / Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, EA 4652, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Reimund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France; Université de Caen / Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, EA 4652, F-14032 Caen, France; Service Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Isabelle Gross
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France.
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8
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Larsen S, Seidelin JB, Davidsen J, Dahlgaard K, Nielsen CH, Bennett EP, Pedersen OB, Coskun M, Troelsen JT. CDX2 regulates interleukin-33 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells (LS174T). FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1638-1644. [PMID: 33838073 PMCID: PMC8167865 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but few studies have examined transcriptional regulation of the IL33 gene. In the intestines, gene regulation is controlled by a transcription factor network of which the intestinal-specific transcription factor CDX2 is a key component. In this study, we investigated whether CDX2 regulates IL33 mRNA expression. We examined IL33 mRNA expression in primary colonic epithelial cells from healthy humans and epithelial cell lines, revealing high expression levels in primary colonic and LS174T cells. Combining genomics data (ChIP-seq, RNA-seq) and IL33 promoter analyses in LS174T cells revealed intronic enhancer activity in the IL33 gene that is dependent on CDX2 expression. Western blotting and qRT-PCR confirmed that IL33 expression is upregulated in a CDX2 concentration-dependent manner, thereby providing the first evidence that CDX2 regulates the expression of IL33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Larsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Naestved Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Johanne Davidsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark.,Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Katja Dahlgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Eric Paul Bennett
- Department of Odontology, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mehmet Coskun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics Centre, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Quantitative analysis of CDX2 protein expression improves its clinical utility as a prognostic biomarker in stage II and III colon cancer. Eur J Cancer 2020; 144:91-100. [PMID: 33341450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Better stratification of patients with stage II and stage III colon cancer for risk of recurrence is urgently needed. The present study aimed to validate the prognostic value of CDX2 protein expression in colon cancer tissue by routine immunohistochemistry and to evaluate its performance in a head-to-head comparison with tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics. PATIENT AND METHODS CDX2 protein expression was evaluated in 386 stage II and III primary colon cancers by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays and by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of a matched subset of 23 recurrent and 23 non-recurrent colon cancers. Association between CDX2 expression and disease-specific survival (DSS) was investigated. RESULTS Low levels of CDX2 protein expression in stage II and III colon cancer as determined by immunohistochemistry was associated with poor DSS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-3.06); p = 0.002). Based on analysis of a selected sample subset, CDX2 prognostic value was more pronounced when detected by LC-MS/MS (HR = 7.56 (95% CI: 2.49-22.95); p < 0.001) compared to detection by immunohistochemistry (HR = 1.60 (95% CI: 0.61-4.22); p = 0.34). CONCLUSION This study validated CDX2 protein expression as a prognostic biomarker in stage II and III colon cancer, conform previous publications. CDX2 prognostic value appeared to be underestimated when detected by routine immunohistochemistry, probably due to the semiquantitative and subjective nature of this methodology. Quantitative analysis of CDX2 substantially improved its clinical utility as a prognostic biomarker. Therefore, development of routinely applicable quantitative assays for CDX2 expression is needed to facilitate its clinical implementation.
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10
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Saller J, Al Diffalha S, Neill K, Bhaskar RA, Oliveri C, Boulware D, Levine H, Kalvaria I, Corbett FS, Khazanchi A, Klapman J, Coppola D. CDX-2 Expression in Esophageal Biopsies Without Goblet Cell Intestinal Metaplasia May Be Predictive of Barrett's Esophagus. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:1992-1998. [PMID: 31691172 PMCID: PMC7771382 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDX-2 is a nuclear homeobox transcription factor not normally expressed in esophageal and gastric epithelia, reported to highlight intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the esophagus. Pathological absence of goblet cells at initial screening via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and alcian blue (AB) staining results in patient exclusion from surveillance programs. AIMS This study aimed to determine whether non-goblet cell IM, as defined by CDX-2 positivity, can be considered to be a precursor to Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS This study received IRB approval (17,284). Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 181) who underwent upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the distal esophagus to rule out BE using HE/AB staining and CDX-2 immunostaining were followed for 3 years. Initial and follow-up staining results were evaluated for age/sex. RESULTS Differences between development of goblet cell IM in CDX-2-negative and CDX-2-positive groups were evaluated. A Kaplan-Meier curve showed that, out of the 134 patients initially positive for CDX-2, 25 (18.7%) had developed goblet cell IM after 2 years and 106 (79.1%) after 3 years. Conversely, of the 47 patients initially negative for CDX-2, 8 (17.9%) developed goblet cell IM after 24 months and only 11 (23.8%) after 40 to 45 months (P = .049; age-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression model). CONCLUSION In cases that are initially AB negative and CDX-2 positive, CDX-2 was demonstrated to have a potential prognostic utility for early detection of progression to BE. CDX-2 expression is significantly predictive for risk of goblet cell IM development 40 to 45 months after initial biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Saller
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Neill
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rahill A Bhaskar
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - David Boulware
- Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Isaac Kalvaria
- Florida Digestive Health Specialists, Lakewood Ranch, FL, USA
| | - F Scott Corbett
- Florida Digestive Health Specialists, Lakewood Ranch, FL, USA
| | - Arun Khazanchi
- Florida Digestive Health Specialists, Lakewood Ranch, FL, USA
| | - Jason Klapman
- Endoscopy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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11
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Feltes BC. Architects meets Repairers: The interplay between homeobox genes and DNA repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 73:34-48. [PMID: 30448208 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox genes are widely considered the major protagonists of embryonic development and tissue formation. For the past decades, it was established that the deregulation of these genes is intimately related to developmental abnormalities and a broad range of diseases in adults. Since the proper regulation and expression of homeobox genes are necessary for a successful developmental program and tissue function, their relation to DNA repair mechanisms become a necessary discussion. However, important as it is, studies focused on the interplay between homeobox genes and DNA repair are scarce, and there is no critical discussion on the subject. Hence, in this work, I aim to provide the first review of the current knowledge of the interplay between homeobox genes and DNA repair mechanisms, and offer future perspectives on this, yet, young ground for new researches. Critical discussion is conducted, together with a careful assessment of each reviewed topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Institute of Informatics, Department of Theoretical Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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12
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Li XG, Xu GF, Zhai ZY, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Xi QY, Guan WT, Wang SB, Wang XQ. CDX2 increases SLC7A7 expression and proliferation of pig intestinal epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30597-609. [PMID: 27121315 PMCID: PMC5058704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient absorption mediated by nutrient transporters expressed in the intestinal epithelium supplies substrates to support intestinal processes, including epithelial cell proliferation. We evaluated the role of Caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), an intestine-specific transcription factor, in the proliferation of pig intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1) and searched for novel intestinal nutrient transporter genes activated by CDX2. Our cloned pig CDX2 cDNA contains a “homeobox” DNA binding motif, suggesting it is a transcriptional activator. CDX2 overexpression in IPEC-1 cells increased cell proliferation, the percentage of cells in S/G2 phase, and the abundance of transcripts of the cell cycle-related genes Cyclin A2; Cyclin B; Cyclin D2; proliferating cell nuclear antigen; and cell cycle cyclin-dependent kinases 1, 2 and 4, as well as the predicted CDX2 target genes SLC1A1, SLC5A1 and SLC7A7. In addition, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that CDX2 binds directly to the SLC7A7 promoter. This is the first report of CDX2 function in pig intestinal epithelial cells and identifies SLC7A7 as a novel CDX2 target gene. Our findings show that nutrient transporters are activated during CDX2-induced proliferation of normal intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Guang Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gao-Feng Xu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Zhai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian-Yun Xi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wu-Tai Guan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Song-Bo Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
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13
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Mager LF, Koelzer VH, Stuber R, Thoo L, Keller I, Koeck I, Langenegger M, Simillion C, Pfister SP, Faderl M, Genitsch V, Tcymbarevich I, Juillerat P, Li X, Xia Y, Karamitopoulou E, Lyck R, Zlobec I, Hapfelmeier S, Bruggmann R, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ, Müller C, Beutler B, Krebs P. The ESRP1-GPR137 axis contributes to intestinal pathogenesis. eLife 2017; 6:28366. [PMID: 28975893 PMCID: PMC5665647 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) events have been associated with several disorders. However, it is unclear whether deregulated AS directly contributes to disease. Here, we reveal a critical role of the AS regulator epithelial splicing regulator protein 1 (ESRP1) for intestinal homeostasis and pathogenesis. In mice, reduced ESRP1 function leads to impaired intestinal barrier integrity, increased susceptibility to colitis and altered colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Mechanistically, these defects are produced in part by modified expression of ESRP1-specific Gpr137 isoforms differently activating the Wnt pathway. In humans, ESRP1 is downregulated in inflamed biopsies from inflammatory bowel disease patients. ESRP1 loss is an adverse prognostic factor in CRC. Furthermore, generation of ESRP1-dependent GPR137 isoforms is altered in CRC and expression of a specific GPR137 isoform predicts CRC patient survival. These findings indicate a central role of ESRP1-regulated AS for intestinal barrier integrity. Alterations in ESRP1 function or expression contribute to intestinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Franz Mager
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Regula Stuber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lester Thoo
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Keller
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ivonne Koeck
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Cedric Simillion
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simona P Pfister
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Faderl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vera Genitsch
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irina Tcymbarevich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Juillerat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | | | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Balbinot C, Vanier M, Armant O, Nair A, Penichon J, Soret C, Martin E, Saandi T, Reimund JM, Deschamps J, Beck F, Domon-Dell C, Gross I, Duluc I, Freund JN. Fine-tuning and autoregulation of the intestinal determinant and tumor suppressor homeobox gene CDX2 by alternative splicing. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:2173-2186. [PMID: 28862703 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, we uncovered a variant of the CDX2 homeobox gene, a major regulator of the development and homeostasis of the gut epithelium, also involved in cancer. This variant, miniCDX2, is generated by alternative splicing coupled to alternative translation initiation, and contains the DNA-binding homeodomain but is devoid of transactivation domain. It is predominantly expressed in crypt cells, whereas the CDX2 protein is present in crypt cells but also in differentiated villous cells. Functional studies revealed a dominant-negative effect exerted by miniCDX2 on the transcriptional activity of CDX2, and conversely similar effects regarding several transcription-independent functions of CDX2. In addition, a regulatory role played by the CDX2 and miniCDX2 homeoproteins on their pre-mRNA splicing is displayed, through interactions with splicing factors. Overexpression of miniCDX2 in the duodenal Brunner glands leads to the expansion of the territory of these glands and ultimately to brunneroma. As a whole, this study characterized a new and original variant of the CDX2 homeobox gene. The production of this variant represents not only a novel level of regulation of this gene, but also a novel way to fine-tune its biological activity through the versatile functions exerted by the truncated variant compared to the full-length homeoprotein. This study highlights the relevance of generating protein diversity through alternative splicing in the gut and its diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Balbinot
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Marie Vanier
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Olivier Armant
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Postfach 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Asmaa Nair
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Julien Penichon
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Christine Soret
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Elisabeth Martin
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Thoueiba Saandi
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jean-Marie Reimund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jacqueline Deschamps
- Hubrecht Institute, Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Beck
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2ES, UK
| | - Claire Domon-Dell
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Isabelle Gross
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Isabelle Duluc
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, FMTS, Strasbourg 67000, France
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15
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Pilati C, Taieb J, Balogoun R, Marisa L, de Reyniès A, Laurent-Puig P. CDX2 prognostic value in stage II/III resected colon cancer is related to CMS classification. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:1032-1035. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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16
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Platet N, Hinkel I, Richert L, Murdamoothoo D, Moufok-Sadoun A, Vanier M, Lavalle P, Gaiddon C, Vautier D, Freund JN, Gross I. The tumor suppressor CDX2 opposes pro-metastatic biomechanical modifications of colon cancer cells through organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Cancer Lett 2017; 386:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions during digestive tract development and epithelial stem cell regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3883-96. [PMID: 26126787 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract develops from a simple and uniform tube into a complex organ with specific differentiation patterns along the anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes of asymmetry. It is derived from all three germ layers and their cross-talk is important for the regulated development of fetal and adult gastrointestinal structures and organs. Signals from the adjacent mesoderm are essential for the morphogenesis of the overlying epithelium. These mesenchymal-epithelial interactions govern the development and regionalization of the different gastrointestinal epithelia and involve most of the key morphogens and signaling pathways, such as the Hedgehog, BMPs, Notch, WNT, HOX, SOX and FOXF cascades. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying mesenchyme differentiation into smooth muscle cells influence the regionalization of the gastrointestinal epithelium through interactions with the enteric nervous system. In the neonatal and adult gastrointestinal tract, mesenchymal-epithelial interactions are essential for the maintenance of the epithelial regionalization and digestive epithelial homeostasis. Disruption of these interactions is also associated with bowel dysfunction potentially leading to epithelial tumor development. In this review, we will discuss various aspects of the mesenchymal-epithelial interactions observed during digestive epithelium development and differentiation and also during epithelial stem cell regeneration.
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