1
|
Farinati F, Pelizzaro F. Gastric cancer screening in Western countries: A call to action. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00269-X. [PMID: 38403513 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide, despite the reduction in its incidence. The disease is still burdened with a poor prognosis, particularly in Western countries. The main risk factor is the infection by Helicobacter pylori, classified as a class I carcinogen by the IARC, and It is well-known that primary prevention of gastric cancer can be achieved with the eradication of the infection. Moreover, non-invasive measurement of pepsinogens (PGI and PGI/PGII ratio) allows the identification of patients that should undergo upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma is indeed preceded by a well-defined precancerous process that involves consecutive stages, described for the first time by Correa et al. more than 40 years ago, and patients with advance stages of gastric atrophy/intestinal metaplasia and with dysplastic changes should be followed-up periodically with upper GI endoscopies. Despite these effective screening and surveillance methods, national-level screening campaigns have been adopted only in few countries in eastern Asia (Japan and South Korea). In this review, we describe primary and secondary preventive measures for gastric cancer, discussing the need to introduce screening also in Western countries. Moreover, we propose a simple algorithm for screening that could be easily applied in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Farinati
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Filippo Pelizzaro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bilyalov A, Nikolaev S, Danishevich A, Khatkov I, Makhmudov K, Isakova Z, Bakirov N, Omurbaev E, Osipova A, Ramaldanov R, Shagimardanova E, Kiyasov A, Gusev O, Bodunova N. The Spectrum of Germline Nucleotide Variants in Gastric Cancer Patients in the Kyrgyz Republic. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6383-6394. [PMID: 37623222 PMCID: PMC10453583 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major challenge in modern oncology due to its high detection rate and prevalence. While sporadic cases make up the majority of gastric cancer, hereditary gastric cancer is caused by germline mutations in several genes linked to different syndromes. Thus, identifying hereditary forms of gastric cancer is considered crucial globally. A survey study using NGS-based analysis was conducted to determine the frequency of different types of hereditary gastric cancer in the yet-unstudied Kyrgyz population. The study cohort included 113 patients with diagnosed gastric cancer from Kyrgyzstan. The age of patients was 57.6 ± 8.9. Next-generation sequencing analysis of genomic DNA was performed using a custom Roche NimbleGen enrichment panel. The results showed that 6.2% (7/113) of the patients had pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. Additionally, 3.5% (4/113) of the patients carried heterozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in high penetrance genes, such as TP53, POLD1, RET, and BRCA2. Moreover, 2.7% (3/113) of the patients carried heterozygous mutations in genes linked to autosomal recessive conditions, specifically PALB2, FANCA, and FANCD2. We have not identified any genetic variants in hereditary GC-associated genes: CDH1, STK11, SMAD4, BMPRIA, APC, MLH1, and others. Our study included patients with sporadic features of GC. The use of recognized criteria (NCCN, Gastric Cancer, Version 2.2022) would increase the number of identified genetic variants in hereditary GC-associated genes. Further research is required to determine the clinical relevance of the genetic variants identified in the current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Airat Bilyalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
| | - Anastasiia Danishevich
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
| | - Igor Khatkov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
| | - Komron Makhmudov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Zhainagul Isakova
- Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Nurbek Bakirov
- National Center of Oncology and Hematology of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720055, Kyrgyzstan; (N.B.); (E.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Ernis Omurbaev
- National Center of Oncology and Hematology of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720055, Kyrgyzstan; (N.B.); (E.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Alena Osipova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ramaldan Ramaldanov
- National Center of Oncology and Hematology of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720055, Kyrgyzstan; (N.B.); (E.O.); (R.R.)
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Andrey Kiyasov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (K.M.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (O.G.)
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 117036 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bodunova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (S.N.); (A.D.); (I.K.); (A.O.); (N.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Danishevich AM, Lisitsa TS, Nikolaev SE, Abramov IS, Filippova MG, Pospekhova NI, Stroganova AM, Nikulin MP, Kalinin AE, Stilidi IS, Lyubchenko LN. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer associated with a novel germline variant c.1596G>A in the <i>CDH1</i> gene. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2023-10-1-87-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Approximately 10 % of patients with gastric cancer are characterized by accumulation of gastric cancer cases in their family. The hereditary forms of gastric cancer account for 1–3 % of all gastric cancer cases. Hereditary diffuse GC syndrome is caused by germline mutations in CDH1 gene and determines a high risk of developing diffuse GC and lobular breast cancer. In this article, we present a clinical case of a 41-year-old patient with diffuse gastric cancer, who was found to be a carrier of novel germline mutation in the CDH1 gene. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has facilitated an identification of CDH1 c.1596G>A genetic variant, thus enabling an accurate clinical diagnosis hereditary diffuse gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Danishevich
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department
| | - T. S. Lisitsa
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - S. E. Nikolaev
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department
| | - I. S. Abramov
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical Biological Agency
| | - M. G. Filippova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - N. I. Pospekhova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. M. Stroganova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - M. P. Nikulin
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. E. Kalinin
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - I. S. Stilidi
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - L. N. Lyubchenko
- National Medical Research Center for Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russia; 5
N.A. Lopatkin Research Center for Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the National Medical Research Center for Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Danishevich AM, Pospehova NI, Stroganova AM, Golovina DA, Nikulin MP, Kalinin AE, Nikolaev SE, Stilidi IS, Lyubchenko LN. Landscape of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA Mutations and Clinical Features of EBV-Associated and Microsatellite Unstable Gastric Cancer. Mol Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893323010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
5
|
de Assumpção PB, de Assumpção PP, Moreira FC, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Vidal AF, Magalhães L, Khayat AS, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AM, Cavalcante GC, Pereira AL, Medeiros I, de Souza SJ, Burbano RMR, de Souza JES, Dos Santos SEB. Incidence of Hereditary Gastric Cancer May Be Much Higher than Reported. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246125. [PMID: 36551612 PMCID: PMC9776697 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary gastric cancers (HGCs) are supposed to be rare and difficult to identify. Nonetheless, many cases of young patients with gastric cancer (GC) fulfill the clinical criteria for considering this diagnosis but do not present the defined pathogenic mutations necessary to meet a formal diagnosis of HGC. Moreover, GC in young people is a challenging medical situation due to the usual aggressiveness of such cases and the potential risk for their relatives when related to a germline variant. Aiming to identify additional germline alterations that might contribute to the early onset of GC, a complete exome sequence of blood samples from 95 GC patients under 50 and 94 blood samples from non-cancer patients was performed and compared in this study. The number of identified germline mutations in GC patients was found to be much higher than that from individuals without a cancer diagnosis. Specifically, the number of high functional impact mutations, including those affecting genes involved in medical diseases, cancer hallmark genes, and DNA replication and repair processes, was much higher, strengthening the hypothesis of the potential causal role of such mutations in hereditary cancers. Conversely, classically related HGC mutations were not found and the number of mutations in genes in the CDH1 pathway was not found to be relevant among the young GC patients, reinforcing the hypothesis that existing alternative germline contributions favor the early onset of GC. The LILRB1 gene variants, absent in the world's cancer datasets but present in high frequencies among the studied GC patients, may represent essential cancer variants specific to the Amerindian ancestry's contributions. Identifying non-reported GC variants, potentially originating from under-studied populations, may pave the way for additional discoveries and translations to clinical interventions for GC management. The newly proposed approaches may reduce the discrepancy between clinically suspected and molecularly proven hereditary GC and shed light on similar inconsistencies among other cancer types. Additionally, the results of this study may support the development of new blood tests for evaluating cancer risk that can be used in clinical practice, helping physicians make decisions about strategies for surveillance and risk-reduction interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Pimentel de Assumpção
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.P.d.A.); (S.E.B.D.S.)
| | | | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Vidal
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leandro Magalhães
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil
| | - André Maurício Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Adenilson Leão Pereira
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Inácio Medeiros
- Bioinformatics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-400, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sandro José de Souza
- Bioinformatics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-400, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Approximately 10% of patients with gastric cancer show familial aggregation and up to 3% are related to an inherited cancer syndrome. There are multiple germline pathogenic variants and cancer syndromes associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Appropriate assessment of familial and genetic risk may allow a personalized approach to gastric cancer prevention through screening and risk-reducing surgeries. The ability to better identify carriers with pathogenic genetic variants associated with gastric cancer before a diagnosis of cancer requires effective genetic risk assessment and testing, followed by optimal screening and surveillance recommendations to further reduce the morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Xu X, Wang T, Guo Q, Dai X, Guo H, Zhang W, Cheng S, Chen X, Ding L. Ceritinib increases sensitivity of AKT inhibitors to gastric cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173879. [PMID: 33515539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), known for high morbidity and mortality, is poorly prognosed with traditional chemotherapy and biological agents. Current studies have found that over-activation of AKT is a common molecular characteristic in GC. Although the development of this targeted inhibitor has entered clinical phases, limited success is reported because of its compensatory signaling pathways. Here, we found that GC cell lines with high phosphorylation of AKT show different sensitivity to AKT inhibitors (AKTis), but a reduction of p-GSK3β related sensitivity of AKTis in GC cells. Besides, we revealed that Ceritinib exerted a strongly synergistic antitumor effect with AKT inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. Obviously, Ceritinib improved the sensitivity of Capivasertib (AZD5363, AKTs) and Afuresertib (GSK2110183, AKTis) in gastric cancer cells, as illustrated by a significant reduction in the GC cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. The drug combination showed tumor regression in BALB/c (nu/nu) mouse MKN45 (Gastric cancer), tumor model. Also, the combination strategy indicated significantly low p-AKT levels due to AKTis compensation and reduced the levels of p-GSK3β in both GC cell lines and GC patient-derived cells. These findings may provide a novel combination strategy for gastric cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaqing Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingqu Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuyuan Cheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Llach J, Moreno L, Sánchez A, Herrera-Pariente C, Ocaña T, Cuatrecasas M, Rivero-Sánchez L, Moreira R, Díaz M, Jung G, Pellisé M, Castells A, Balaguer F, Carballal S, Moreira L. Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Gastric and Pancreatic Cancer in High-Risk Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinics: An Effective Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092386. [PMID: 32842532 PMCID: PMC7564434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of high-risk groups of gastric (GC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) due to a hereditary basis could imply a benefit in the affected families by establishing personalized preventive strategies. We aimed at assessing the diagnostic yield of GC/PC hereditary syndromes in individuals evaluated based on specific clinical criteria. In total, 77 unrelated individuals (45 from GC group/32 from PC group) were recruited: 51 (66.2%) cancer diagnosis ≤60 years, 3 (4%) with personal history of GC/PC and other cancer and 23 (29.8%) due to family history. Immunohistochemical analysis of DNA mismatch repair proteins was performed in 38 (49.3%) available tumors, being pathological in one (2%) GC. A genetic analysis was performed if clinical criteria of hereditary syndrome were fulfilled, identifying a mutation in 10/22 (45.5%) families [7/16 (43.7%) with GC and 3/6 (50%) with PC] and 19 (24.7%) fulfilled criteria of familial cancer. Diagnosis of cancer <40 years and personal history of other cancers were independent risk factors of a hereditary syndrome [OR:11.3 (95%IC 1.9–67); p = 0.007 and OR:17.4 (95% IC 2.5–119.9); p = 0.004; respectively]. The selection of patients based on clinical criteria leads to high diagnostic yield, detecting a causative germline mutation in almost half of the cases; therefore, both meticulous genetic counseling and use of multi-gen panels is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Llach
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Lorena Moreno
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Ariadna Sánchez
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Cristina Herrera-Pariente
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Teresa Ocaña
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Pathology Department, Centre for Biomedical Diagnosis, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Liseth Rivero-Sánchez
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Rebeca Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Mireia Díaz
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Gerhard Jung
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Pellisé
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.L.); (L.M.); (A.S.); (C.H.-P.); (T.O.); (L.R.-S.); (R.M.); (M.D.); (G.J.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-227-5739; Fax: +34-93-227-5589
| |
Collapse
|