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Abe A, Kapoor MP, Morishima S, Ozeki M, Sato N, Takara T, Naito Y. Effectiveness of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Cognitive Function and Sleep Efficiency in Healthy Elderly Subjects in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1211. [PMID: 38674901 PMCID: PMC11054110 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of functional foods in a daily diet is a promising approach for the maintenance of cognitive health. The present study examines the effects of water-soluble prebiotic dietary-fiber, partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), on cognitive function and mental health in healthy elderly individuals. Participants consumed either 5 g/day of PHGG or a placebo daily for 12 weeks in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group study. An assessment of cognitive functions, sleep quality, and subjective mood evaluations was performed at baseline and after 8 and 12 weeks of either PHGG or placebo intake. The visual memory scores in cognitive function tests and sleepiness on rising scores related to sleep quality were significantly improved in the PHGG group compared to the placebo group. No significant differences were observed in mood parameters between the groups. Vigor-activity scores were significantly improved, while the scores for Confusion-Bewilderment decreased significantly in the PHGG group when compared to the baseline. In summary, supplementation with PHGG was effective in improving cognitive functions, particularly visual memory, as well as enhancing sleep quality and vitality in healthy elderly individuals (UMIN000049070).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abe
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Mahendra Parkash Kapoor
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - So Morishima
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Makoto Ozeki
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Norio Sato
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Takara
- Medical Corporation Seishinkai, Takara Clinic, 9F Taisei Bldg., 2-3-2, Higashi-gotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan;
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyoku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
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Zheng S, Xue C, Li S, Zao X, Li X, Liu Q, Cao X, Wang W, Qi W, Zhang P, Ye Y. Chinese medicine in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1381712. [PMID: 38694920 PMCID: PMC11061375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1381712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome characterized by abnormalities in hepatic fat deposition, the incidence of which has been increasing year by year in recent years. It has become the largest chronic liver disease globally and one of the important causes of cirrhosis and even primary liver cancer formation. The pathogenesis of NAFLD has not yet been fully clarified. Modern medicine lacks targeted clinical treatment protocols for NAFLD, and most drugs lack efficacy and have high side effects. In contrast, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has significant advantages in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD, which have been widely recognized by scholars around the world. In recent years, through the establishment of a "medicine-disease-target-pathway" network relationship, network pharmacology can explore the molecular basis of the role of medicines in disease prevention and treatment from various perspectives, predicting the pharmacological mechanism of the corresponding medicines. This approach is compatible with the holistic view and treatment based on pattern differentiation of TCM and has been widely used in TCM research. In this paper, by searching relevant databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, we reviewed and analyzed the relevant signaling pathways and specific mechanisms of action of single Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine combinations, and Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of NAFLD in recent years. These related studies fully demonstrated the therapeutic characteristics of TCM with multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways, which provided strong support for the exact efficacy of TCM exerted in the clinic. In conclusion, we believe that network pharmacology is more in line with the TCM mindset of treating diseases, but with some limitations. In the future, we should eliminate the potential risks of false positives and false negatives, clarify the interconnectivity between components, targets, and diseases, and conduct deeper clinical or experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyuan Xue
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Size Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Zao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyao Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Qi
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongan Ye
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Liver Diseases Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Qu D, Chen M, Zhu H, Liu X, Cui Y, Zhou W, Zhang M. Akkermansia muciniphila and its outer membrane protein Amuc_1100 prevent high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 684:149131. [PMID: 37866242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. A. muciniphila and its outer membrane protein Amuc_1100 ameliorate metabolic disorders, enteritis, depression, and other diseases in mice. The NAFLD mouse model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. To assess the effect of A. muciniphila and Amuc_1100 on NAFLD, we used atorvastatin, a common lipid-lowering drug, as a positive control. A. muciniphila and Amuc_1100 significantly reduced body weight and serum ALT and AST levels, and improved serum lipid levels in NAFLD mice, which had similar effects to Ator. In addition, A. muciniphila and Amuc_1100 decreased the concentration of LPS in the serum and upregulated the mRNA expression of the colonic tight junction proteins. In the liver, A. muciniphila and Amuc_1100 significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of nodular receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and the protein and mRNA expression levels inflammatory cytokines. At the genus level, Amuc_1100 treatment significantly reduced the abundance of Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 produced by the HFD. The abundances of Blautia, norank_f__Ruminococcaceae, Lachnoclostridium, GCA-900066575 and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 increased dramatically. Together, A. muciniphila and Amuc_1100 alleviate HFD-induced NAFLD by acting on the gut-liver axis and regulating gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
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Abe A, Morishima S, Kapoor MP, Inoue R, Tsukahara T, Naito Y, Ozeki M. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum is associated with improvement in gut health, sleep, and motivation among healthy subjects. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:189-197. [PMID: 36936875 PMCID: PMC10017317 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum dietary fiber is well recognized for a number of health benefits. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on constipation, intestinal microbiota as well as mental health in healthy subjects. In the randomized, parallel, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study the enrolled healthy men and women volunteers took either 3 g/day (T3) or 5 g/day (T5) of dietary fiber intakes for eight consecutive weeks compared to placebo (T0). The fecal characteristics, fecal microbiota, defecation characteristics, and quality of life (QOL) questionnaire were investigated. The results revealed a significant suppression in fecal potent harmful mucolytic bacteria in the T3 and T5 groups compared to the T0 group. The defecation frequency, excretory feeling, and scores of sleep and motivation questionnaire were also improved in the dietary fiber intake groups, showing a significant difference in the T5 group compared to the T0 group. In summary, the consumption of partially hydrolyzed guar gum dietary fiber is found effective in suppressing the potent harmful mucolytic bacteria that could be associated with the improvement of constipation-related symptoms including mental health in terms of sleep and motivation among the healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abe
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - So Morishima
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Mahendra P. Kapoor
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Nagatoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozeki
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
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Guo C, Li Q, Chen R, Fan W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guo L, Wang X, Qu X, Dong H. Baicalein alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction. Food Funct 2023; 14:2138-2148. [PMID: 36752061 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease, and its pathological development is closely related to the gut-liver axis. The intestinal barrier, an important component of the gut-liver axis, can prevent gut microbes and endotoxins from entering the liver. Intestinal barrier function is impaired in patients with NAFLD. Baicalein, which is the main flavonoid in Scutellariae Radix, can improve NAFLD. However, whether baicalein alleviates NAFLD by ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NAFLD mouse model is used. The effects of baicalein on lipid accumulation, inflammation and the intestinal barrier in MCD-fed mice were evaluated by detecting blood lipid levels, lipid accumulation, liver pathological changes, inflammatory factors, inflammatory signaling pathways, the three main short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), intestinal permeability and intestinal tight junction protein expression. Compared with the MCD-only group, baicalein intake decreased the serum and liver lipid levels. Moreover, the accumulation of lipid droplets and steatosis in the liver were also alleviated; all these results demonstrated that baicalein could alleviate NAFLD. Meanwhile, the levels of inflammatory cytokines decreased in the baicalein group. Further investigation of the mucosal permeability to 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in feces, and the expression of intestinal zonula occluden 1 and claudin-1 indicated that a baicalein diet could decrease the intestinal permeability caused by a MCD diet. Moreover, the protein levels of p-NF-κB p65 and the ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 increased, and IκB-α and PPARα decreased in NAFLD mice, while the administration of baicalein could alleviate these changes. The above results indicated that the mechanism of baicalein in the alleviation of NAFLD lies in the regulation of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Guo
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rihong Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Partially hydrolyzed guar gum alleviates hepatic steatosis and alters specific gut microbiota in a murine liver injury model. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:1759-1768. [PMID: 36094546 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The gut microbiota, via the gut-liver axis, plays an important role in the development of intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Here, we investigated whether partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a dietary fiber could alleviate liver damage and modulate the gut microbiota in a murine liver injury (LI) model. METHODS Liver injury was induced in 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice using an enteral liquid diet composed of parenteral nutrition (LI group) and treated with 5% PHGG (LI/PHGG group). Liver histopathology was examined using oil red O and a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) labeling. The gut microbiota was examined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Lipid accumulation was significantly decreased in the LI /PHGG group when compared with that of the LI group. The area of TNF-α-positive cells was significantly higher in the LI group when compared with that of the control. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed pronounced changes in the gut microbiota after PHGG treatment. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size showed that PHGG treatment significantly increased cecal abundance of Parabacteroides. CONCLUSIONS PHGG alleviated hepatic steatosis following liver injury in mice. The protective effect of PHGG treatment could be associated with increased abundance of Parabacteroides in the cecum.
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Kon R, Ikarashi N, Onuma K, Yasukawa Z, Ozeki M, Sakai H, Kamei J. Effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on the expression of aquaporin-3 in the colon. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:1127-1133. [PMID: 36789055 PMCID: PMC9922137 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of functional foods targeting gastrointestinal disorders has been in progress. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), which is a water-soluble dietary fiber, is known to have a constipation-improving effect. However, many aspects of the mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of aquaporin-3 (AQP3), which regulates the water content of feces in ameliorative effect of PHGG on constipation. Rats were allowed to freely consume a normal diet or a diet containing 5% PHGG for 14 days, and defecation parameters were measured. We also analyzed the expression levels of genes involved in water transport in the colon. The defecation frequency and volume of rats treated with PHGG were not different from those from the control group, but the fecal water content was significantly increased, and soft stools were observed. The expressions of claudin-1, tight junction protein-1, and cadherin-1, which are involved in tight junctions or adherens junctions, were almost the same in the PHGG-treated group and the control group. The expression level of AQP3 in the colon was significantly decreased in the PHGG-treated group. In this study, PHGG decreased the colonic AQP3 expression, thereby suppressing water transport from the luminal side to the vascular side and improving constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologyHoshi UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Onuma
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologyHoshi UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Zenta Yasukawa
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of NutritionKanazawa Gakuin UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | | | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologyHoshi UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Advanced Research Institute for Health ScienceJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
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Research Progress on the Therapeutic Effect of Polysaccharides on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through the Regulation of the Gut–Liver Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911710. [PMID: 36233011 PMCID: PMC9570256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease affecting global public health at present, which can induce cirrhosis and liver cancer in serious cases. However, NAFLD is a multifactorial disease, and there is still a lack of research on its mechanism and therapeutic strategy. With the development of the gut–liver axis theory, the association between the gut–liver axis and the pathogenesis of NAFLD has been gradually disclosed. Polysaccharides, as a kind of natural product, have the advantages of low toxicity, multi-target and multi-pathway action. It has been reported that polysaccharides can affect the gut–liver axis at multiple interrelated levels, such as maintaining the ecological balance of gut microbiota (GM), regulating the metabolites of GM and improving the intestinal barrier function, which thereby plays a protective role in NAFLD. These studies have great scientific significance in understanding NAFLD based on the gut–liver axis and developing safe and effective medical treatments. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of polysaccharides in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the gut–liver axis.
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Santoso P, Maliza R, Octavian R, Rita RS. Dietary fiber of jicama ( Pachyrhizus erosus L) tuber exerts hepatoprotective effect against high-sugar drinks in mice. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus, family Fabaceae) is a potent medicinal plant. Although extensive studies report the health benefits of jicama extract, few studies have investigated the efficacy of its dietary fiber in preventing metabolic diseases, including liver disease. The present study aimed to elucidate whether dietary fiber obtained from the jicama tuber counteracts the development of liver disease induced by high-sugar drinks. Methods: Twenty-four adult male mice (DDY strain; 2 months old with bodyweight 22-25 g) were randomized into three groups: normal drink (ND), fed with tap water and standard chow; high-sucrose drink (HSD), fed with a high-sucrose drink and standard chow; and high-sucrose drink plus standard chow with 25% jicama fiber (HSD + JF 25%). After the mice were on their respective diets for ten weeks, the following parameters were measured: body weight, liver weight, malondialdehyde (MDA), histopathological alterations, blood glucose, and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). Results: Mice in the HSD + JF 25% group had significantly lower body weight (P < 0.01), liver weight (P<0.05), MDA (P<0.01), blood glucose (P<0.01), and SGPT (P<0.01) compared to those in the HSD group. They also had fewer histopathological alterations in the liver, as demonstrated by a lower proportion of degenerated cells and an overall lower histopathological score than those in the HSD group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Adding jicama fiber (25% of standard chow) mitigates the increase in blood glucose and body weight and histopathological changes in the liver induced by high-sucrose drinks, showing liver protective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putra Santoso
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
| | - Rita Maliza
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
| | - Riski Octavian
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
| | - Rauza Sukma Rita
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang West Sumatra 25163 Indonesia
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Cheng L, Kong L, Xia C, Zeng X, Wu Z, Guo Y, Pan D. Sources, Processing-Related Transformation, and Gut Axis Regulation of Conventional and Potential Prebiotics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4509-4521. [PMID: 35389646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One strategy to achieve a balanced intestinal microbiota is to introduce prebiotics. Some substances present in the diet, such as soybean extracts, koji glycosylceramides, grape extracts, tea polyphenols, and seaweed extracts, can be considered as potential prebiotics, because they can selectively stimulate the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. However, the discovery of novel prebiotics also involves advances in screening methods and the use of thermal and non-thermal processing techniques to modify and enhance the properties of beneficial organisms. The health benefits of prebiotics are also reflected by their participation in regulating the microbiota in different gut axes. In the present review, we introduced the field of prebiotics, focusing on potential prebiotic substances, the process of screening potential prebiotics, the transformation of prebiotics by food-processing technologies, and the roles of prebiotics on gut axis regulation, which, it is hoped, will promote the discovery and utilization of novel prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
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Okamura T, Hamaguchi M, Mori J, Yamaguchi M, Mizushima K, Abe A, Ozeki M, Sasano R, Naito Y, Fukui M. Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Suppresses the Development of Sarcopenic Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061157. [PMID: 35334814 PMCID: PMC8955723 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a soluble dietary fiber derived through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum, a highly viscous galactomannan derived from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation with PHGG against sarcopenic obesity using Db/Db mice. Db/Db mice fed a normal diet alone or a fiber-free diet, or supplemented with a diet containing PHGG (5%), were examined. PHGG increased grip strength and the weight of skeletal muscles. PHGG increased the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration in feces and sera. Concerning innate immunity, PHGG decreased the ratio of inflammatory cells, while increasing the ratio of anti-inflammatory cells in the small intestine. The present study demonstrated the preventive effect of PHGG on sarcopenic obesity. Changes in nutrient absorption might be involved through the promotion of an anti-inflammatory shift of innate immunity in the intestine accompanied by an increase in SCFA production by PHGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Jun Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (J.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mihoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (J.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.)
| | - Aya Abe
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan; (A.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Makoto Ozeki
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan; (A.A.); (M.O.)
| | | | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.)
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.O.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5505
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12
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Pessoa J, Teixeira J. Cytoskeleton alterations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2022; 128:155115. [PMID: 34974078 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.155115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its extremely high prevalence and severity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) is a serious health and economic concern worldwide. Developing effective methods of diagnosis and therapy demands a deeper understanding of its molecular basis. One of the strategies in such an endeavor is the analysis of alterations in the morphology of liver cells. Such alterations, widely reported in NAFLD patients and disease models, are related to the cytoskeleton. Therefore, the fate of the cytoskeleton components is useful to uncover the molecular basis of NAFLD, to further design innovative approaches for its diagnosis and therapy. MAIN FINDINGS Several cytoskeleton proteins are up-regulated in liver cells of NAFLD patients. Under pathological conditions, keratin 18 is released from hepatocytes and its detection in the blood emerges as a non-invasive diagnosis tool. α-Smooth muscle actin is up-regulated in hepatic stellate cells and its down-regulation has been widely tested as a potential NALFD therapeutic approach. Other cytoskeleton proteins, such as vimentin, are also up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD progression involves alterations in expression levels of proteins that build the liver cytoskeleton or associate with it. These findings provide a timely opportunity of developing novel approaches for NAFLD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pessoa
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Qian L, Tian S, Jiang S, Tang Y, Han T. DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine from Clupea harengus roes regulates the gut–liver axis to ameliorate high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Funct 2022; 13:11555-11567. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine from Clupea harengus roes could likely be used as a functional food supplement for the prevention of high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via the gut–liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Su Jiang
- ECA Healthcare Inc, Shanghai 201101, China
| | - Yunping Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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14
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Li W, Deng M, Gong J, Zhang X, Ge S, Zhao L. Sodium Acetate Inhibit TGF-β1-Induced Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells by Restoring AMPK or c-Jun Signaling. Front Nutr 2021; 8:729583. [PMID: 34660662 PMCID: PMC8515000 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.729583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are crucial gut microbial metabolites that play a major role in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis (HF). However, the effect of SCFAs on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major pro-fibrogenic cells, is yet undefined. In this study, the effects of three major SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) were assessed on the activation of HSCs. LX2 cells were activated with TGF-β1 and treated with sodium acetate (NaA), sodium propionate (NaP), or sodium butyrate (NaB). SCFA treatment significantly reduced the protein levels of α-SMA and the phosphorylation of Smad2 and decreased the mRNA expression of Acta2/Col1a1/Fn in cells compared to the TGF-β1 treatment. Among the three SCFAs, NaA revealed the best efficacy at alleviating TGF-β1-induced LX2 cell activation. Additionally, acetate accumulated in the cells, and G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 43 silencing did not have any impact on the inhibition of LX2 cell activation by NaA. These findings indicated that NaA enters into the cells to inhibit LX2 cell activation independent of GPR43. The results of phosphokinase array kit and Western blot indicated that NaA increased the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun in cultured LX2 cells, and siRNA-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) -γ abolished the inhibitory effects of NaA against TGF-β1-induced LX2 cell activation. In conclusion, this study showed that NaA inhibited LX2 cell activation by activating the AMPK/PPARγ and blocking the c-Jun signaling pathways. Thus, SCFAs might represent a novel and viable approach for alleviating HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjuan Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Shaoyang Ge
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Sanhe, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Han H, Jiang Y, Wang M, Melaku M, Liu L, Zhao Y, Everaert N, Yi B, Zhang H. Intestinal dysbiosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): focusing on the gut-liver axis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1689-1706. [PMID: 34404276 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1966738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver disorders in humans, partly because it is closely related to metabolic disorders of the liver with increasing prevalence. NAFLD begins with hepatic lipid accumulation, which may cause inflammation and eventually lead to fibrosis in the liver. Numerous studies have demonstrated the close relationship between gut dysfunction (especially the gut microbiota and its metabolites) and the occurrence and progression of NAFLD. The bidirectional communication between the gut and liver, named the gut-liver axis, is mainly mediated by the metabolites derived from both the liver and gut through the biliary tract, portal vein, and systemic circulation. Herein, we review the effects of the gut-liver axis on the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We also comprehensively describe the potential molecular mechanisms from the perspective of the role of liver-derived metabolites and gut-related components in hepatic metabolism and inflammation and gut health, respectively. The study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying current summarizations that support the intricate interactions between a disordered gut and NAFLD and can provide novel strategies to lessen the prevalence and consequence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yi Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mebratu Melaku
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Production and Technology, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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