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Wang F, Pang R, Zhao X, Zhou B, Tian Y, Ma Y, Rong L. Plasma metabolomics and lipidomics reveal potential novel biomarkers in early gastric cancer: An explorative study. Int J Biol Markers 2024:3936155241258780. [PMID: 38859802 DOI: 10.1177/03936155241258780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification and therapy can significantly improve the outcome for gastric cancer. However, there is still no perfect biomarker available for the detection of early gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the plasma metabolites of early gastric cancer using metabolomics and lipidomics based on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), which detected potential biomarkers that could be used for clinical diagnosis. METHODS To investigate the changes in metabolomics and lipidomics, a total of 30 plasma samples were collected, consisting of 15 patients with early gastric cancer and 15 healthy controls. Extensive HPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic investigations were conducted. Differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were uncovered through the utilization of statistical analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Candidate biomarker screening was performed using support vector machine-based multivariate receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS A disturbance was observed in a combined total of 19 metabolites and 67 lipids of the early gastric cancer patients. The analysis of KEGG pathways showed that the early gastric cancer patients experienced disruptions in the arginine biosynthesis pathway, the pathway for alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as the pathway for glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Plasma metabolomics and lipidomics have identified multiple biomarker panels that can effectively differentiate early gastric cancer patients from healthy controls, exhibiting an area under the curve exceeding 0.9. CONCLUSION These metabolites and lipids could potentially serve as biomarkers for the screening of early gastric cancer, thereby optimizing the strategy for the detection of early gastric cancer. The disrupted pathways implicated in early gastric cancer provide new clues for additional understanding of gastric cancer's pathogenesis. Nonetheless, large-scale clinical data are required to prove our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Pang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchen Ma
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Rong
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhou D, Wang W, Gu L, Han M, Hao W, Huang J, Lin Q, Wang Y. Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance profile in Chinese children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and a literature review for developing personalized eradicating strategies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1392787. [PMID: 38887553 PMCID: PMC11180794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) infections typically occur in early childhood. Although the prevalence of H. pylori in children is lower than that in adults, the eradication rate of this infection in children is relatively low because of resistance. In this study, we analyzed personalized treatment strategies to achieve treatment goals based on H. pylori resistance characteristics. This retrospective single-center study was conducted between January 2019 and December 2022 and enrolled 1,587 children who presented with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and underwent endoscopy. H. pylori culturing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Results: Culture-positive results for H. pylori were obtained in 535 children. The resistance rates to clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MET), and levofloxacin (LEV) were 39.8%, 78.1%, and 20.2%, respectively. None of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (TET), amoxicillin (AMO), or furazolidone (FZD). Double resistance rates to CLA + MET, CLA + LEV, and MET + LEV were 19.1%, 3.0%, and 5.8%, respectively. Notably, triple-resistant to CLA + MET + LEV was 9.7%. Based on susceptibility tests, individualized triple therapy [proton pump inhibitor (PPI) +AMO + CLA/MET] was selected for 380 children with H. pylori sensitive to MET and/or CLA. In 155 children resistant to CLA and MET, bismuth-based quadruple therapy was recommended; for unable to receive bismuth, concomitant therapy was recommended for 14 children (<8 years of age); triple therapy with TET was recommended for 141 children (>8 years of age), with 43 children (>14 years of age) requiring FZD rather than TET. Conclusion: Resistance to H. pylori in Chinese children was relatively poor. Personalized therapy regimens should be based on susceptibility tests and avoided factors associated with treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wuyu Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lan Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meiling Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wujuan Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
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Myrou A. Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e60326. [PMID: 38883131 PMCID: PMC11177234 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has been classified as a class I carcinogen by WHO because of its primary involvement in the development of gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This review focuses on understanding the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms that operate within intracellular transduction pathways and their relevance in the treatment strategies for the two main diseases caused by H. pylori. H. pylori virulence factors such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A genotypes, inflammatory mediators, H. pylori-induced microRNA deregulation, alterations in autophagy proteins and regulators, and changes in DNA methylation are some of the molecular mechanisms that play essential roles in H. pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis. The discovery of novel treatment strategies that target the deregulated intracellular transduction pathways in gastric carcinogenesis and MALT lymphoma is critical. H. pylori eradication (HPE) is not limited to H. pylori-dependent low-grade MALT lymphoma and may be used in patients with high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (de novo or DLBCL-MALT lymphoma). The loss of H. pylori dependency and high-grade transformation appear to be distinct events in the progression of gastric lymphoma. Interestingly, patients with H. pylori-positive gastric DLBCL without histological evidence of MALT lymphoma (pure gastric DLBCL) may respond to HPE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Myrou
- Department of Internal Medicine, American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA) University Hospital, Thessaloniki, GRC
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4
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Elghannam MT, Hassanien MH, Ameen YA, Turky EA, ELattar GM, ELRay AA, ELTalkawy MD. Helicobacter pylori and oral-gut microbiome: clinical implications. Infection 2024; 52:289-300. [PMID: 37917397 PMCID: PMC10954935 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the world's population are colonized with H. pylori; however, the prevalence varies geographically with the highest incidence in Africa. H. pylori is probably a commensal organism that has been associated with the development of gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori alone is most probably not enough for the development of gastric carcinoma, but evidence for its association with the disease is high and has, therefore, been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Class 1 carcinogen. Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria positively coexisted during H. pylori infection along the oral-gut axis. The eradication therapy required to treat H. pylori infection can also have detrimental consequences for the gut microbiota, leading to a decreased alpha diversity. Therefore, therapy regimens integrated with probiotics may abolish the negative effects of antibiotic therapy on the gut microbiota. These eradication therapies combined with probiotics have also higher rates of eradication, when compared to standard treatments, and are associated with reduced side effects, improving the patient's compliance. The eradication therapy not only affects gut microbiome but also affects the oral microbiome with robust predominance of harmful bacteria. However, there have been reports of a protective role of H. pylori in Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, eosinophilic esophagitis, IBD, asthma, and even multiple sclerosis. Therefore, eradication therapy should be carefully considered, and test to treat policy should be tailored to specific communities especially in highly endemic areas. Supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics, herbals, and microbial metabolites to reduce the negative effects of eradication therapy should be considered. After failure of many eradication attempts, the benefits of H. pylori eradication should be carefully balanced against the risk of adverse effects especially in the elderly, persons with frailty, and intolerance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged T Elghannam
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Moataz H Hassanien
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yosry A Ameen
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emad A Turky
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal M ELattar
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A ELRay
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed D ELTalkawy
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Vernon-Roberts A, Premaratne M, Wright R, Keenan JI, Day AS. Profile of Helicobacter pylori infections among children in the South Island of New Zealand (2010-2021). Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13037. [PMID: 37983850 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative gut bacterium most often acquired during childhood. International guidelines state that children with suspected H. pylori infection should be referred to a gastroenterologist for investigation via gastroscopy and biopsy. Eradication therapy should be prescribed for children with peptic ulcer disease or following a treatment risk/benefit discussion for those with an incidental gastroscopy finding. Guidelines state that for children a "test-and-treat" approach is not warranted, contrasting recommendations for adults. The aim of this study was to profile pediatric H. pylori infections in the South Island of New Zealand (NZ) to determine diagnostic and management strategies, and adherence to international guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective data for positive H. pylori tests between 2010 and 2021 were retrieved from hospitals and regional testing laboratories throughout the South Island (NZ) for children ≤18 years. Outcome data were retrieved from tertiary care hospital records; sociodemographic, testing methods, eradication therapy, and symptoms. RESULTS Two-hundred and forty children were identified: 105 (44%) male, mean age 13.2 years (SD 4.3). Participants of Pasifika, Asian, and Middle Eastern/Latin American/African heritage were overrepresented compared to the NZ census data. Overall, 138 (58%) children were diagnosed via stool antigen tests, 78 (32%) serum, and only 24 (10%) adhered to international guidelines in being confirmed via gastroscopy. Only 59 (25%) had a record of eradication therapy, and 39/59 (66%) were retested to determine eradication success, with 32 (82%) negative tests and seven (18%) remaining positive. Of the 181 (75%) that had eradication status unknown, 66 (28%) had a retest result available with 48 (73%) testing negative and 18 (27%) positive, suggesting a substantial proportion had received eradication therapy without adhering to international guidelines. CONCLUSIONS International guidelines were not adhered to for most children in the study cohort. Implications of this include cost, unnecessary venipuncture, and unjustified antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malshi Premaratne
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Raewyn Wright
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline I Keenan
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Peng Y, Ma Y, Luo Z, Jiang Y, Xu Z, Yu R. Lactobacillus reuteri in digestive system diseases: focus on clinical trials and mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1254198. [PMID: 37662007 PMCID: PMC10471993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1254198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Digestive system diseases have evolved into a growing global burden without sufficient therapeutic measures. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is considered as a new potential economical therapy for its probiotic effects in the gastrointestinal system. We have provided an overview of the researches supporting various L. reuteri strains' application in treating common digestive system diseases, including infantile colic, diarrhea, constipation, functional abdominal pain, Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases. Methods The summarized literature in this review was derived from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results The therapeutic effects of L. reuteri in digestive system diseases may depend on various direct and indirect mechanisms, including metabolite production as well as modulation of the intestinal microbiome, preservation of the gut barrier function, and regulation of the host immune system. These actions are largely strain-specific and depend on the activation or inhibition of various certain signal pathways. It is well evidenced that L. reuteri can be effective both as a prophylactic measure and as a preferred therapy for infantile colic, and it can also be recommended as an adjuvant strategy to diarrhea, constipation, Helicobacter pylori infection in therapeutic settings. While preclinical studies have shown the probiotic potential of L. reuteri in the management of functional abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases, its application in these disease settings still needs further study. Conclusion This review focuses on the probiotic effects of L. reuteri on gut homeostasis via certain signaling pathways, and emphasizes the importance of these probiotics as a prospective treatment against several digestive system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yizhe Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Department of Pediatric, Jiangyin People’s Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zichen Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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7
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Ravikumara M. Helicobacter pylori in children: think before you kill the bug! Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231177610. [PMID: 37361453 PMCID: PMC10285598 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231177610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as the causative organism for gastric and duodenal ulcers four decades ago and subsequent recognition as class 1 gastric carcinogen, countless numbers of studies have been conducted and papers published, on the efficacy of various management strategies to eradicate the infection. In adults, a global consensus by the experts in the field concluded that H. pylori gastritis is an infectious disease and requires treatment irrespective of the presence or absence of symptoms due to the potential for serious complication like peptic ulcer disease and gastric neoplasia. However, although more than half the world's population harbors H. pylori, these serious complications occur only in a small minority of the infected population, even less so in childhood. More importantly, there is accumulating evidence for beneficial role of H. pylori against many chronic health conditions, from several epidemiological and laboratory studies. No doubt, eradication therapy is indicated in children with H. pylori-related peptic ulcer disease. Even though the pediatric guidelines from various learned societies recommend against a "test and treat" strategy, this is not always adhered to. With the accumulating evidence of the possible beneficial role of H. pylori, it is time to pause and think, are we causing more harm than good by eradicating H. pylori in every child who has this bug?
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Noori M, Fayyaz F, Rezaei N. Impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment: a meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:657-667. [PMID: 37140002 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to assess the impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Materials & methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE databases were systematically searched up to 1 February 2023. Results: Three studies comprising 263 patients treated with ICIs were included. The results of pooled analysis showed that H. pylori infection was associated with reduced overall survival and progression-free survival. Furthermore, the rate of progressive disease after administration of ICIs was higher in H. pylori-positive patients relative to H. pylori-negative patients. Conclusion: H. pylori infection status is a novel potential response biomarker for predicting the efficacy of ICIs in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Noori
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farimah Fayyaz
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Imoto I, Yasuma T, D’Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Oka S, Misaki M, Horiki N, Gabazza EC. Antimicrobial Effects of Lactoferrin against Helicobacter pylori Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:599. [PMID: 37111484 PMCID: PMC10144760 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) pylori is the primary causative agent of various gastroduodenal diseases. H. pylori is an adapted microorganism that has evolved to survive in the acidic conditions of the human stomach, possessing a natural strategy for colonizing harsh environments. Despite the implementation of various eradication regimens worldwide, the eradication rate of H. pylori has decreased to less than 80% in recent years due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This has posed a significant challenge in treating H. pylori infection, as antibiotic resistance and side effects have become increasingly problematic. Lactoferrin, a member of the transferrin family, is an iron-binding protein with antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties that promote human health. The concentrations of lactoferrin in the gastric juice and mucosa significantly increase during H. pylori infection and are strongly correlated with the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation. Numerous researchers have studied the antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, recent studies have investigated the addition of oral lactoferrin supplementation to H. pylori eradication therapy, even though monotherapy with lactoferrin does not eradicate the microorganism. In this article, we reviewed the survival strategy of H. pylori to evade the antimicrobial activity of human lactoferrin and explore the potential of lactoferrin in H. pylori eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Imoto
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Doshinkai Tohyama Hospital, Minami-shinmachi 17-22, Tsu, Mie 514-0043, Japan;
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Corina N. D’Alessandro-Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Satoko Oka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Doshinkai Tohyama Hospital, Minami-shinmachi 17-22, Tsu, Mie 514-0043, Japan
| | - Moriharu Misaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Doshinkai Tohyama Hospital, Minami-shinmachi 17-22, Tsu, Mie 514-0043, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiki
- Digestive Center, Mie University Hospital, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Esteban C. Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.)
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Pokrotnieks J, Sitkin S. Helicobacter pylori and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Unresolved Enigma. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:e5-e6. [PMID: 36515237 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lay Summary
The article describes the hypothesis that there may be a noncausal relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is related to the host mucin glycan fucosylation status in the gastrointestinal tract. The proposed hypothesis may explain why IBD is less prevalent in patients with H. pylori, and no increased risk of IBD is seen after H. pylori eradication therapy, as was shown in the study by Tanner et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juris Pokrotnieks
- Department of Internal Diseases, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.,Centre of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Stanislav Sitkin
- Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,R&D Department, Elpis Ltd, Riga, Latvia
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Freire de Melo F, Marques HS, Rocha Pinheiro SL, Lemos FFB, Silva Luz M, Nayara Teixeira K, Souza CL, Oliveira MV. Influence of Helicobacter pylori oncoprotein CagA in gastric cancer: A critical-reflective analysis. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:866-879. [PMID: 36483973 PMCID: PMC9724182 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i11.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and third leading cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the gastric environment of 60.3% of the world’s population and represents the main risk factor for the onset of gastric neoplasms. CagA is the most important virulence factor in H. pylori, and is a translocated oncoprotein that induces morphofunctional modifications in gastric epithelial cells and a chronic inflammatory response that increases the risk of developing precancerous lesions. Upon translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation, CagA moves to the cell membrane and acts as a pathological scaffold protein that simultaneously interacts with multiple intracellular signaling pathways, thereby disrupting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. All these alterations in cell biology increase the risk of damaged cells acquiring pro-oncogenic genetic changes. In this sense, once gastric cancer sets in, its perpetuation is independent of the presence of the oncoprotein, characterizing a “hit-and-run” carcinogenic mechanism. Therefore, this review aims to describe H. pylori- and CagA-related oncogenic mechanisms, to update readers and discuss the novelties and perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Lima Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
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12
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Chen X, Wang N, Wang J, Liao B, Cheng L, Ren B. The interactions between oral-gut axis microbiota and Helicobacter pylori. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914418. [PMID: 35992177 PMCID: PMC9381925 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, each microbial habitat exhibits a different microbial population pattern, and these distinctive microflorae are highly related to the development of diseases. The microbial interactions from host different niches are becoming crucial regulators to shape the microbiota and their physiological or pathological functions. The oral cavity and gut are the most complex and interdependent microbial habitats. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important pathogens from digestive tract, especially the stomach, due to its direct relationships with many gastric diseases including gastric cancer. H. pylori infections can destroy the normal gastric environment and make the stomach a livable channel to enhance the microbial interactions between oral cavity and gut, thus reshaping the oral and gut microbiomes. H. pylori can be also detected in the oral and gut, while the interaction between the oral-gut axis microbiota and H. pylori plays a major role in H. pylori’s colonization, infection, and pathogenicity. Both the infection and eradication of H. pylori and its interaction with oral-gut axis microbiota can alter the balance of the microecology of the oral-gut axis, which can affect the occurrence and progress of related diseases. The shift of oral-gut axis microbiota and their interactions with H. pylori maybe potential targets for H. pylori infectious diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
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