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Elghannam MT, Hassanien MH, Ameen YA, Turky EA, ELattar GM, ELRay AA, ELTalkawy MD. Helicobacter pylori and oral-gut microbiome: clinical implications. Infection 2024; 52:289-300. [PMID: 37917397 PMCID: PMC10954935 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the world's population are colonized with H. pylori; however, the prevalence varies geographically with the highest incidence in Africa. H. pylori is probably a commensal organism that has been associated with the development of gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori alone is most probably not enough for the development of gastric carcinoma, but evidence for its association with the disease is high and has, therefore, been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Class 1 carcinogen. Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria positively coexisted during H. pylori infection along the oral-gut axis. The eradication therapy required to treat H. pylori infection can also have detrimental consequences for the gut microbiota, leading to a decreased alpha diversity. Therefore, therapy regimens integrated with probiotics may abolish the negative effects of antibiotic therapy on the gut microbiota. These eradication therapies combined with probiotics have also higher rates of eradication, when compared to standard treatments, and are associated with reduced side effects, improving the patient's compliance. The eradication therapy not only affects gut microbiome but also affects the oral microbiome with robust predominance of harmful bacteria. However, there have been reports of a protective role of H. pylori in Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, eosinophilic esophagitis, IBD, asthma, and even multiple sclerosis. Therefore, eradication therapy should be carefully considered, and test to treat policy should be tailored to specific communities especially in highly endemic areas. Supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics, herbals, and microbial metabolites to reduce the negative effects of eradication therapy should be considered. After failure of many eradication attempts, the benefits of H. pylori eradication should be carefully balanced against the risk of adverse effects especially in the elderly, persons with frailty, and intolerance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged T Elghannam
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Moataz H Hassanien
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yosry A Ameen
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emad A Turky
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal M ELattar
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A ELRay
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed D ELTalkawy
- Hepatogastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Faizan M, Sachan N, Verma O, Sarkar A, Rawat N, Pratap Singh M. Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117848. [PMID: 38417781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Proteomic profiling is an effective way to identify biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has direct connectivity with the brain and could be a source of finding biomarkers and their clinical implications. Comparative proteomic profiling has shown that a group of differentially displayed proteins exist. The studies performed using conventional and classical tools also supported the occurrence of these proteins. Many studies have highlighted the potential of CSF proteomic profiling for biomarker identification and their clinical applications. Some of these proteins are useful for disease diagnosis and prediction. Proteomic profiling of CSF also has immense potential to distinguish PD from similar neurodegenerative disorders. A few protein biomarkers help in fundamental knowledge generation and clinical interpretation. However, the specific biomarker of PD is not yet known. The use of proteomic approaches in clinical settings is also rare. A large-scale, multi-centric, multi-population and multi-continental study using multiple proteomic tools is warranted. Such a study can provide valuable, comprehensive and reliable information for a better understanding of PD and the development of specific biomarkers. The current article sheds light on the role of CSF proteomic profiling in identifying biomarkers of PD and their clinical implications. The article also explains the achievements, obstacles and hopes for future directions of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faizan
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Sachan
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Oyashvi Verma
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alika Sarkar
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Rawat
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Capacity Building and Knowledge Services, ASSIST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Yalta K, Palabıyık O, Gurdogan M, Yetkın E. Hyponatremia and takotsubo syndrome: a review of pathogenetic and clinical implications. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:27-44. [PMID: 37698728 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality with important prognostic and therapeutic implications. It might exert detrimental effects on various organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS), bone, and heart along with its potential association with poor quality of life. These adverse effects might be largely mediated through a variety of mechanisms including osmotic stress, dysfunctional transmembrane exchangers, and enhanced oxidative stress.Interestingly, hyponatremia might also have an important association with takotsubo syndrome (TTS) that has been universally considered as a reversible form of cardiomyopathy usually emerging in response to various stressors. In this context, severe hyponatremia was previously reported to serve as a direct trigger of TTS evolution largely through its potential impact on CNS and heart. However, pathogenetic and clinical implications of hyponatremia still need to be thoroughly evaluated in patients with TTS. This paper aims to analyze the clinical features of published cases with TTS primarily triggered by hyponatremia and also aims to discuss the association between hyponatremia and TTS from a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Yalta
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, TrakyaUniversity, Balkan Yerleşkesi, 22030, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Orkide Palabıyık
- Trakya University, Vocational Collage of Health Services, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Gurdogan
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, TrakyaUniversity, Balkan Yerleşkesi, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ertan Yetkın
- Türkiye Hastanesi, Cardiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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Thapa R, Afzal O, Afzal M, Gupta G, Bhat AA, Hassan Almalki W, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Saleem S, Arora P, Singh SK, Dua K. From LncRNA to metastasis: The MALAT1-EMT axis in cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154959. [PMID: 38029713 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that causes abnormal genetic changes and unchecked cellular growth. It also causes a disruption in the normal regulatory processes that leads to the creation of malignant tissue. The complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic variables influences its etiology. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal contributors within the intricate landscape of cancer biology, orchestrating an array of multifaceted cellular processes that substantiate the processes of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Metastasis is a crucial driver of cancer mortality. Among these, MALAT1 (Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) has drawn a lot of interest for its function in encouraging metastasis via controlling the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) procedure. MALAT1 exerts a pivotal influence on the process of EMT, thereby promoting metastasis to distant organs. The mechanistic underpinning of this phenomenon involves the orchestration of an intricate regulatory network encompassing transcription factors, signalling cascades, and genes intricately associated with the EMT process by MALAT1. Its crucial function in transforming tumor cells into an aggressive phenotype is highlighted by its capacity to influence the expression of essential EMT effectors such as N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Snail. An understanding of the MALAT1-EMT axis provides potential therapeutic approaches for cancer intervention. Targeting MALAT1 or its downstream EMT effectors may reduce the spread of metastatic disease and improve the effectiveness of already available therapies. Understanding the MALAT1-EMT axis holds significant clinical implications. Therefore, directing attention towards MALAT1 or its downstream mediators could present innovative therapeutic strategies for mitigating metastasis and improving patient prognosis. This study highlights the importance of MALAT1 in cancer biology and its potential for cutting back on metastatic disease with novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Saleem
- Department of Public Health. College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poonam Arora
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Bai J, Li Y, Cai L. Clinical implications of forkhead box M1, cyclooxygenase-2 , and glucose-regulated protein 78 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:7284-7293. [PMID: 37969442 PMCID: PMC10643068 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i30.7284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma (BIDC) represents the largest heterotypic tumor group, and an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of BIDC is key to improving its prognosis. AIM To analyze the expression profiles and clinical implications of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in BIDC. METHODS A total of 65 BIDC patients and 70 healthy controls who presented to our hospital between August 2019 and May 2021 were selected for analysis. The peripheral blood FOXM1, COX-2, and GRP78 levels in both groups were measured and the association between their expression profiles in BIDC was examined. Additionally, we investigated the diagnostic value of FOXM1, COX-2, and GRP78 in patients with BIDC and their correlations with clinicopathological features. Furthermore, BIDC patients were followed for 1 year to identify factors influencing patient prognosis. RESULTS The levels of FOXM1, COX-2, and GRP78 were significantly higher in BIDC patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05), and a positive correlation was observed among them (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that FOXM1, COX-2, and GRP78 had excellent diagnostic value in predicting the occurrence of BIDC (P < 0.05). Subsequently, we found significant differences in FOXM1, COX-2, and GRP78 levels among patients with different histological grades and metastasis statuses (with vs without) (P < 0.05). Cox analysis revealed that FOXM1, COX-2, GRP78, increased histological grade, and the presence of tumor metastasis were independent risk factors for prognostic death in BIDC (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION FOXM1, COX-2, and GRP78 exhibit abnormally high expression in BIDC, promoting malignant tumor development and closely correlating with prognosis. These findings hold significant research implications for the future diagnosis and treatment of BIDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Joint Logistics Support Unit 940 Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050032, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Pathology, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huai’an 223002, Jiangsu Province, China
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Reynard ME, Strati TM, Egger B. Small intestinal perforation secondary to metastasis from skin squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 109:108599. [PMID: 37544098 PMCID: PMC10423921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Primary and metastatic carcinoma of the small intestine are rare. While most of these malignancies are adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gastrointestinal tract is uncommon. We present a case report of a rare occurrence of skin SCC metastasizing to the ileum, highlighting diagnostic challenges and clinical implications. CASE PRESENTATION An 83-year-old female had a history of cutaneous SCC excision in the right temporal region two years prior to the current emergency department visit, followed by metastatic recurrence in a right intra-parotid lymph node treated with radiotherapy. The patient exhibited septic shock and an acute abdomen, and an abdominal computed tomography scan revealed signs of intestinal perforation. Emergency exploratory laparotomy confirmed purulent peritonitis and perforation of the terminal ileum. Subsequently, a 20 cm intestinal resection was performed. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a 4 cm perforated SCC of the small intestine (pT4 pN0 L0 V1 Pn0 R0). CLINICAL DISCUSSION Metastases of the small intestine are rare. The primary sites for these metastases are typically the uterus, cervix, colon, lung, breast, or melanoma. SCC of the small intestine is particularly rare and poses challenges in diagnosis owing to non-specific symptoms. The prognosis for SCC of the small intestine is generally poor, and the potentially aggressive behavior of some skin SCC emphasizes the need for increased awareness and vigilance in managing such cases. CONCLUSION This case report underscores the importance of considering metastatic disease in the small bowel of patients with a history of skin SCC who present with new-onset abdominal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Emmanuel Reynard
- Department of Surgery, HFR Fribourg - Cantonal Hospital, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
| | - Titika-Marina Strati
- Department of Surgery, HFR Fribourg - Cantonal Hospital, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Egger
- Department of Surgery, HFR Fribourg - Cantonal Hospital, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.
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Gu Y, Fang Y, Wu X, Xu T, Hu T, Xu Y, Ma P, Wang Q, Shu Y. The emerging roles of SUMOylation in the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic implications. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:58. [PMID: 37415251 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor initiation, progression, and response to therapies depend to a great extent on interactions between malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which denotes the cancerous/non-cancerous cells, cytokines, chemokines, and various other factors around tumors. Cancer cells as well as stroma cells can not only obtain adaption to the TME but also sculpt their microenvironment through a series of signaling pathways. The post-translational modification (PTM) of eukaryotic cells by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins is now recognized as a key flexible pathway. Proteins involved in tumorigenesis guiding several biological processes including chromatin organization, DNA repair, transcription, protein trafficking, and signal conduction rely on SUMOylation. The purpose of this review is to explore the role that SUMOylation plays in the TME formation and reprogramming, emphasize the importance of targeting SUMOylation to intervene in the TME and discuss the potential of SUMOylation inhibitors (SUMOi) in ameliorating tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyue Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Nair B, Kuriakose A, Baby B, Nath L. Tumor-Specific Growth Factor (TSGF): A Futuristic Tumor Biomarker in Early Diagnosis of Cancer. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:483-488. [PMID: 37646066 PMCID: PMC10460812 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant improvement in the treatment modalities, cancer is one of the fastest-growing chronic disease conditions all over the world. Genetic and Epigenetic alterations in the normal physiology of the cell are the key factor for tumor development. These changes can trigger the production of abnormal protein expressions through stimulation of different signaling pathways and can deeply affect normal cell growth and proliferation. Any altered protein expression, genetic variation, micro-RNA or post-translational protein modifications that indicate tumorigenesis can act as an early signal termed as biomarker. Cancer, being a multistep process with accumulating genetic and epigenetic alterations, could be detected early with suitable biomarkers. There are several proteins such as AFP, CA-125, PSA, troponin, CEA, osteopontin, CA 19-9 that act as biomarkers which help in early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression, a hunt for newer biomarkers with higher specificity and sensitivity is still ongoing. Tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF) is one such budding and prevailing tumor biomarker used for the early-stage detection of several types of carcinomas. TSGF is a gene that helps in tumor angiogenesis and gets released during the preliminary stages from cancer cells that ensure the vascular proliferation of the same. In this review, the clinical investigations of TSGF in different kinds of malignancy is discussed in detail and suggests the possibility of using TSGF as a biomarker in early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Anisha Kuriakose
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | | | - Lekshmi.R. Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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Prevete E, Kuypers KPC, Theunissen EL, Esposito G, Ramaekers JG, Pasquini M, Corazza O. Clinical Implications of Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa) Use: a Literature Review. Curr Addict Rep 2023; 10:317-334. [PMID: 37266188 PMCID: PMC10177737 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This work aims to provide an up-to-date review of the preclinical and clinical scientific literature on the therapeutic value of kratom to better understand the underlying mechanisms related to its use and inform future therapeutic applications. Recent Findings A growing number of studies, mainly of cross-sectional nature, describe the widespread use of kratom by individuals to self-treat pain, psychiatric symptoms, and substance use disorders (SUD) outside a controlled clinical setting. Preclinical evidence suggests kratom is effective as an analgesic agent and might decrease the self-administration of other drugs. A randomized controlled trial has further supported kratom's therapeutic value as an analgesic. Investigations in nonclinical samples of long-term kratom users also indicate its therapeutic benefit in managing SUD symptoms (e.g., craving) and long-term or acute symptoms (e.g., withdrawal) for alcohol, opioids, and other illicit drugs. However, episodes of kratom-related intoxications have also been reported, often due to the adulteration and the contamination of kratom products mainly sold online or mixed toxicities when consumed outside clinical and traditional settings. Summary Evidence on the clinical implications of kratom use is still limited and uncertain, with kratom research constantly evolving. Therefore, further randomized trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Prevete
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Paula Colette Kuypers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eef Lien Theunissen
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Corso Bettini, 84, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Johannes Gerardus Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Pasquini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Corso Bettini, 84, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Pharmacological and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB UK
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Elazazy O, Midan HM, Shahin RK, Elesawy AE, Elballal MS, Sallam AAM, Elbadry AMM, Elrebehy MA, Bhnsawy A, Doghish AS. Long non-coding RNAs and rheumatoid arthritis: Pathogenesis and clinical implications. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154512. [PMID: 37172525 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs with a length larger than 200 nucleotides that participate in various diseases and biological processes as they can control gene expression by different mechanisms. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by symmetrical destructive destruction of distal joints as well as extra-articular involvement. Different studies have documented and proven the abnormal expression of lncRNAs in RA patients. Various lncRNAs have proven potential as biomarkers and targets for diagnosing, prognosis and treating RA. This review will focus on RA pathogenesis, clinical implications, and related lncRNA expressions that help to identify new biomarkers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Reem K Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Al-Aliaa M Sallam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M M Elbadry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Abdelmenem Bhnsawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
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11
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Mimma R, Anna C, Matteo B, Gaetano P, Carlo G, Guido M, Camillo P. Clinico-pathological implications of the 2022 WHO Renal Cell Carcinoma classification. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 116:102558. [PMID: 37060647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The new WHO classification of urogenital tumours published in 2022, contains significant revisions upon the previous 2016 version regarding Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). While the most common histotype remains almost untouched, some of the main novelties concerns papillary RCC and oncocytic neoplasms. The main change is the introduction of a new category of molecularly-defined RCC, which includes TFE3-rearranged RCC, TFEB-rearranged, and TFEB-amplified RCC, FH-deficient RCC, SDH-deficient RCC, ALK-rearranged RCC, ELOC (formerly TCEB1)-mutated RCC, SMARCB1 (INI1)-deficient RCC. In this paper we analyze the current knowledge on emerging entities and molecularly-defined RCC to assess whether the current pathological classification offers the oncologist the possibility of selecting more specific and personalized treatments, from both those currently available, as well as those that will soon be available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizzo Mimma
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Caliò Anna
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Brunelli Matteo
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Pezzicoli Gaetano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ganini Carlo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Martignoni Guido
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy; Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - Porta Camillo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy; Chair of Oncology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
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12
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López-Hernández JC, Rivas-Cruz MA, Galnares-Olalde JA, López-Alderete JA, López-Pizano A, Alcalá RE, Villanueva AV, Vargas-Cañas ES. Sural nerve involvement in Guillain-Barré syndrome: Clinical and prognostic implications. A prospective cohort. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 110:48-52. [PMID: 36791495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sural sparing is common in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, one third of patients have sural nerve compromise. Its clinical implications associated factors and short-term prognosis are still unknown. The objective of this study is to identify if sural nerve compromise is associated with a worse prognosis and to describe clinical and electrophysiological characteristics in Guillain-Barré syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively analyzed patients with Guillain-Barré diagnosis with vs without sural nerve compromise. All patients underwent nerve conduction studies within the first 3 days of hospital admission. Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics were compared between groups. RESULTS 174 patients were included in this study. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy was the predominant variant (43.7 %). Thirty percent of patients had sural nerve involvement. In the comparative analysis between affected vs unaffected sural groups, age ≥50 years and Guillain-Barré disability score ≥3 demonstrated a statistically significant difference. Regarding short-term recovery period for independent walking, there was no significant difference. In the multivariate analysis, age ≥50 years was identified as independent factors for sural nerve compromise on admission. CONCLUSION sural nerve compromise occurs in 30 % of patients with GBS and is not associated with a worse functional prognosis. Age ≥50 years was identified as an independent factor for sural nerve compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-Hernández
- Neuromuscular Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico.
| | - Mijail Adán Rivas-Cruz
- Neurology Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alejandro López-Pizano
- Neurology Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico
| | - Raúl E Alcalá
- Neurology Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico
| | | | - Edwin Steven Vargas-Cañas
- Neuromuscular Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico
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13
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Malakoutikhah H, Latt LD. Disease-Specific Finite element Analysis of the Foot and Ankle. Foot Ankle Clin 2023; 28:155-172. [PMID: 36822685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Finite-element analysis is a computational modeling technique that can be used to quantify parameters that are difficult or impossible to measure externally in a geometrically complex structure such as the foot and ankle. It has been used to improve our understanding of pathomechanics and to evaluate proposed treatments for several disorders, including progressive collapsing foot deformity, ankle arthritis, syndesmotic injury, ankle fracture, plantar fasciitis, diabetic foot ulceration, hallux valgus, and lesser toe deformities. Parameters calculated from finite-element models have been widely used to make predictions about their biomechanical correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Malakoutikhah
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1130 North Mountain Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Leonard Daniel Latt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Suite 8401, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
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14
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Arshinoff R, Roldan C, Balboni T. Spirituality and spiritual distress in neurologic illness. Handb Clin Neurol 2023; 191:221-234. [PMID: 36599510 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824535-4.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurologic illnesses present multiple challenges to patients and their families from the time of initial diagnosis and throughout their illness trajectory, including challenges related to accepting the diagnosis and its various impacts and anxiety about future living with their illness. Often patients and their families rely on their spirituality to cope with and to maintain meaning and dignity in the midst of disease. As a result, spiritual care provision is a critical component of holistic medical care to patients with neurologic illness. Spiritual care provision follows a generalist-specialist model, which requires all healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients facing serious illness to play a role in recognizing and addressing spiritual needs. This model is characterized by generalist spiritual care providers (e.g., nurses, physicians, social workers) who perform spiritual screenings through history taking. Chaplains function as specialist spiritual care providers and can address spiritual care more deeply. In addition, several developed psychotherapeutic approaches may be useful for patients with neurologic disease, and chaplains are especially trained to offer supportive spiritual care to patients with neurologic illnesses and their families and to work together with physicians and other members of the healthcare team as part of a holistic approach to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Arshinoff
- Department of Spiritual Care, Baycrest Center for Geriatrics, Division of Palliative Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Claudia Roldan
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tracy Balboni
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Lee DY, Im E, Yoon D, Lee YS, Kim GS, Kim D, Kim SH. Pivotal role of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in immune escape and cancer progression: Their interplay with platelets and FOXP3+Tregs related molecules, clinical implications and combinational potential with phytochemicals. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1033-1057. [PMID: 33301862 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint proteins including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), its ligand PD-L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are involved in proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance via immune escape and immune tolerance by disturbing cytotoxic T cell activation. Though many clinical trials have been completed in several cancers by using immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with other agents to date, recently multi-target therapy is considered more attractive than monotherapy, since immune checkpoint proteins work with other components such as surrounding blood vessels, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, platelets and extracellular matrix within tumor microenvironment. Thus, in the current review, we look back on research history of immune checkpoint proteins and discuss their associations with platelets or tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) related molecules involved in immune evasion and tumor progression, clinical implications of completed trial results and signaling networks by phytochemicals for combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and suggest future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seob Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Soog Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Abstract
The seminal observations of Dr. George Papanicolaou have grown, through the untiring efforts of many authors, into a universally accepted format of cytology reporting. This has helped immensely to improve the understanding of pathogenesis of cervical cancer. The insights into the complexity of interaction of the etiological and the host factors have further helped in reframing of the reporting system. The Bethesda System (TBS) stands out as a model of standardized reporting in cervicovaginal cytology. Apart from its reproducibility, it reflects the most current understanding of cervical cancer. The most important feature is its clinical relevance. Each category of this classification has clear clinical implications, which are based on solid evidence and worldwide consensus. Moreover, the authors have tried to keep it updated through continuous revisions, incorporating the technological and scientific advances. The component of specimen adequacy reflects the importance it has given to the quality assurance of the laboratory preparation. The minimization of categories, simple terminology, and the supporting image atlas - both in the print form and the web-based form, have made TBS an exemplary teaching-learning resource. The wide accessibility of TBS has been the most important factor in being adopted by a majority of pathology community all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena A. Pangarkar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Nagpur, Maharashatra, India
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17
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Ghosh NK, Kumar A. Colorectal cancer: Artificial intelligence and its role in surgical decision making. Artif Intell Gastroenterol 2022; 3:36-45. [DOI: 10.35712/aig.v3.i2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several advances in the oncological management of colorectal cancer (CRC), there still remains a lacuna in the treatment strategy, which differs from center to center and on the philosophy of the treating clinician that is not without bias. Personalized treatment is essential for the treatment of CRC to achieve better long-term outcomes and to reduce morbidity. Surgery has an important role to play in the treatment. Surgical treatment of CRC is decided based on clinical parameters and investigations and hence likely to have judgmental errors. Artificial intelligence has been reported to be useful in the surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up with accuracy in several malignancies. However, it is still evolving and yet to be established in surgical decision making in CRC. It is not only useful preoperatively but also intraoperatively. Artificial intelligence helps to rectify the human surgical decision when clinical data and radiological and laboratory parameters are fed into the computer and may guide correct surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Kanta Ghosh
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, UP, India
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18
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Hinz N, Dehoust J, Münch M, Seide K, Barth T, Schulz AP, Frosch KH, Hartel MJ. Biomechanical analysis of fixation methods in acetabular fractures: a systematic review of test setups. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:3541-3560. [PMID: 35305114 PMCID: PMC9532317 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-01936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Optimal anatomical reduction and stable fixation of acetabular fractures are important in avoiding secondary dislocation and osteoarthritis. Biomechanical studies of treatment options of acetabular fractures aim to evaluate the biomechanical properties of different fixation methods. As the setup of the biomechanical test can influence the experimental results, this review aimed to analyze the characteristics, comparability and clinical implications of studies on biomechanical test setups and finite element analyses in the fixation of acetabular fractures. Methods A systematic literature research was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. 44 studies conducting biomechanical analyses of fixation of acetabular fractures were identified, which met the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and which were published in English between 2000 and April 16, 2021. The studies were analyzed with respect to distinct parameters, including fracture type, material of pelvis model, investigated fixation construct, loading direction, loading protocol, maximum loading force, outcome parameter and measurement method. Results In summary, there was no standardized test setup within the studies on fixation constructs for acetabular fractures. It is therefore difficult to compare the studies directly, as they employ a variety of different test parameters. Furthermore, the clinical implications of the biomechanical studies should be scrutinized, since several test parameters were not based on observations of the human physiology. Conclusion The limited comparability and restricted clinical implications should be kept in mind when interpreting the results of biomechanical studies and when designing test setups to evaluate fixation methods for acetabular fractures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00068-022-01936-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hinz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology, BG Hospital Hamburg, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julius Dehoust
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology, BG Hospital Hamburg, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Münch
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, BG Hospital Hamburg, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Seide
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology, BG Hospital Hamburg, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory for Biomechanics, BG Hospital Hamburg, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Barth
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, BG Hospital Hamburg, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arndt-Peter Schulz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology, BG Hospital Hamburg, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, Mönkhofer Weg 239 a, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Frosch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology, BG Hospital Hamburg, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Hartel
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology, BG Hospital Hamburg, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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19
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García-Compeán D, Orsi E, Kumar R, Gundling F, Nishida T, Villarreal-Pérez JZ, Del Cueto-Aguilera ÁN, González-González JA, Pugliese G. Clinical implications of diabetes in chronic liver disease: Diagnosis, outcomes and management, current and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:775-793. [PMID: 35317103 PMCID: PMC8900578 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i8.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in liver cirrhosis (LC). The pathophysiological association is bidirectional. DM is a risk factor of LC and LC is a diabetogenic condition. In the recent years, research on different aspects of the association DM and LC has been intensified. Nevertheless, it has been insufficient and still exist many gaps. The aims of this review are: (1) To discuss the latest understandings of the association of DM and LC in order to identify the strategies of early diagnosis; (2) To evaluate the impact of DM on outcomes of LC patients; and (3) To select the most adequate management benefiting the two conditions. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Ovid and Scopus engines for DM and LC, diagnosis, outcomes and management. The authors also provided insight from their own published experience. Based on the published studies, two types of DM associated with LC have emerged: Type 2 DM (T2DM) and hepatogenous diabetes (HD). High-quality evidences have determined that T2DM or HD significantly increase complications and death pre and post-liver transplantation. HD has been poorly studied and has not been recognized as a complication of LC. The management of DM in LC patients continues to be difficult and should be based on drug pharmacokinetics and the degree of liver failure. In conclusion, the clinical impact of DM in outcomes of LC patients has been the most studied item recently. Nevertheless many gaps still exist particularly in the management. These most important gaps were highlighted in order to propose future lines for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego García-Compeán
- Gastroenterology Service and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital “Dr. José E. González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64700, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Emanuela Orsi
- Diabetes Service, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda, Endocrine Unit, Padigl Granelli, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Felix Gundling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Diabetics, Metabolism and Infectious Diseases, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg 96049, Germany
| | - Tsutomu Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka 560-8565, Japan
| | | | - Ángel N Del Cueto-Aguilera
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64700, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José A González-González
- Gastroenterology Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Dr. José E González and Medical School, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, Roma 00161, Italy
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20
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Chen P, Hu J, Han X, Chen Y. Advances in the functional roles of N6-methyladenosine modification in cancer progression: mechanisms and clinical implications. Mol Biol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35025029 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the methylation targeting the N6 position of adenosine, is the most common internal modification of mRNA in eukaryotes. Considering the roles of m6A in regulating gene expression, the investigation of m6A roles in the biological processes including cell renewal, differentiation, apoptosis, and invasion of cancer cells has become a hot research topic. There are three kinds of protein involved in m6A regulation. The methyltransferases and demethylases cooperatively regulate the m6A levels, while the m6A reading proteins recognize the m6A sites and mediate multiple m6A-dependent biological functions including mRNA splicing, transfer, translation, and degradation. At present, a large number of studies have found that the changes of m6A levels in tumor cells play a very important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, as well as metastasis and invasion of tumor cells. This review summarizes the different roles of m6A modification in the occurrence and development of various cancers, and discusses the possibility of choosing the m6A related proteins as potential therapeutic targets.
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Yadav A, Kumar A, Siddiqui MH. Detection of circulating tumour cells in colorectal cancer: Emerging techniques and clinical implications. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:1169-1181. [PMID: 35070736 PMCID: PMC8716996 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i12.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several advances in oncological management of colorectal cancer, morbidity and mortality are still high and devastating. The diagnostic evaluation by endoscopy is cumbersome, which is uncomfortable to many. Because of the intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity and changing tumour dynamics, which is continuous in nature, the diagnostic biopsy and assessment of the pathological sample are difficult and also not adequate. Late manifestation of the disease and delayed diagnosis may lead to relapse or metastases. One of the keys to improving the outcome is early detection of cancer, ease of technology to detect with uniformity, and its therapeutic implications, which are yet to come. "Liquid biopsy" is currently the most recent area of interest in oncology, which may provide important tools regarding the characterization of the primary tumour and its metastasis as cancer cells shed into the bloodstream even at the early stages of the disease. By using this approach, clinicians may be able to find out information about the tumour at a given time. Any of the following three types of sampling of biological material can be used in the "liquid biopsy". These are circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA, and exosomes. The most commonly studied amongst the three is CTCs. CTCs with their different applications and prognostic value has been found useful in colorectal cancer detection and therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss various markers for CTCs, the core tools/techniques for detection, and also important findings of clinical studies in colorectal cancer and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Yadav
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Im E, Sim DY, Lee HJ, Park JE, Park WY, Ko S, Kim B, Shim BS, Kim SH. Immune functions as a ligand or a receptor, cancer prognosis potential, clinical implication of VISTA in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1066-1075. [PMID: 34428551 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors of PD/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 limited efficacy to the patients due to resistance during the current decade, novel target is required for customized treatment due to tumor heterogeneity. V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), a programmed death protein-1(PD-1) homolog expressed on T cells and on antigen presenting cells(APC), has emerged as a new target in several cancers. Though VISTA inhibitors including CA-170 are considered attractive in cancer immunotherapy to date, the information on VISTA as a potent biomarker of cancer prognosis and its combination therapy is still lacking to date. Thus, in this review, we discussed extracellular domain, ligands, expression, immune functions and clinical implications of VISTA and finally suggested conclusion and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Im
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongGyu Ko
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Hawton K, Lascelles K, Brand F, Casey D, Bale L, Ness J, Kelly S, Waters K. Self-harm and the COVID-19 pandemic: A study of factors contributing to self-harm during lockdown restrictions. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:437-443. [PMID: 33774538 PMCID: PMC8561648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health measures may have major impacts on mental health, including on self-harm. We have investigated what factors related to the pandemic influenced hospital presentations following self-harm during lockdown in England. METHOD Mental health clinicians assessing individuals aged 18 years and over presenting to hospitals in Oxford and Derby following self-harm during the period March 23rd to May 17, 2020 recorded whether the self-harm was related to the impact of COVID-19 and, if so, what specific factors were relevant. These factors were organized into a classification scheme. Information was also collected on patients' demographic characteristics, method of self-harm and suicide intent. RESULTS Of 228 patients assessed, in 46.9% (N = 107) COVID-19 and lockdown restrictions were identified as influencing self-harm. This applied more to females than males (53.5%, N = 68/127 v 38.6%, N = 39/101, χ2 = 5.03, p = 0.025), but there were no differences in age, methods of self-harm or suicide intent between the two groups. The most frequent COVID-related factors were mental health issues, including new and worsening disorders, and cessation or reduction of services (including absence of face-to-face support), isolation and loneliness, reduced contact with key individuals, disruption to normal routine, and entrapment. Multiple, often inter-connected COVID-related factors were identified in many patients. CONCLUSIONS COVID-related factors were identified as influences in nearly half of individuals presenting to hospitals following self-harm in the period following introduction of lockdown restrictions. Females were particularly affected. The fact that mental health problems, including issues with delivery of care, predominated has implications for organisation of services during such periods. The contribution of isolation, loneliness and sense of entrapment highlight the need for relatives, friends and neighbours to be encouraged to reach out to others, especially those living alone. The classification of COVID-related factors can be used as an aide-memoire for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, OX29 6UP, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX29 6UP, UK.
| | - Karen Lascelles
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, OX29 6UP, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX29 6UP, UK
| | - Fiona Brand
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, OX29 6UP, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX29 6UP, UK
| | - Deborah Casey
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, OX29 6UP, UK
| | - Liz Bale
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, OX29 6UP, UK
| | - Jennifer Ness
- Centre for Self-harm and Suicide Prevention Research, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS, Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Samantha Kelly
- Centre for Self-harm and Suicide Prevention Research, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS, Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Keith Waters
- Centre for Self-harm and Suicide Prevention Research, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS, Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
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Laksmidewi AAAP, Soejitno A. Endocannabinoid and dopaminergic system: the pas de deux underlying human motivation and behaviors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:615-630. [PMID: 33712975 PMCID: PMC8105194 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been identified ever since cannabinoid, an active substance of Cannabis, was known to interact with endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid/eCB) receptors. It later turned out that eCB was more intricate than previously thought. It has a pervasive role and exerts a multitude of cellular signaling mechanisms, regulating various physiological neurotransmission pathways in the human brain, including the dopaminergic (DA) system. eCB roles toward DA system were robust, clearly delineated, and reproducible with respect to physiological as well as pathological neurochemical and neurobehavioral manifestations of DA system, particularly those involving the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic pathways. The eCB–DA system regulates the basics in the Maslow’s pyramid of hierarchy of needs required for individual survival such as food and sexual activity for reproductive purpose to those of higher needs in the pyramid, including self-actualization behaviors leading to achievement and reward (e.g., academic- and/or work-related performance and achievements). It is, thus, interesting to specifically discuss the eCB–DA system, not only on the molecular level, but also its tremendous potential to be developed as a future therapeutic strategy for various neuropsychiatric problems, including obesity, drug addiction and withdrawal, pathological hypersexuality, or low motivation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A A Putri Laksmidewi
- Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Division, Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Andreas Soejitno
- Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Division, Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
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Bönisch H. Substrates and Inhibitors of Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs) and Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter (PMAT) and Therapeutic Implications. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 266:119-67. [PMID: 34495395 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gene products of the SLC22A gene family (hOCT1, hOCT2, and hOCT3) and of the SLC29A4 gene (hPMAT or hENT4) are all polyspecific organic cation transporters. Human OCTs (including hPMAT) are expressed in peripheral tissues such as small intestine, liver, and kidney involved in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. In the human brain, all four transporters are expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hOCT2 is additionally expressed in neurons, and hOCT3 and hPMAT in glia. More than 40% of the presently used drugs are organic cations. This chapter lists and discusses all known drugs acting as substrates or inhibitors of these four organic cation transporters, independently of whether the transporter is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) or in peripheral tissues. Of interest is their involvement in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion as well as potential OCT-associated drug-drug interactions (DDIs), with a focus on drugs that act in the CNS.
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Abstract
In the era of the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy, there is a high level of interest in the application of cell-released small vesicles that stimulate the immune system. As cell-derived nanovesicles, exosomes show great promise in cancer immunotherapy because of their immunogenicity and molecular transfer function. The cargoes carried on exosomes have been recently identified with improved technological advances and play functional roles in the regulation of immune responses. In particular, exosomes derived from tumor cells and immune cells exhibit unique composition profiles that are directly involved in anticancer immunotherapy. More importantly, exosomes can deliver their cargoes to targeted cells and thus influence the phenotype and immune-regulation functions of targeted cells. Accumulating evidence over the last decade has further revealed that exosomes can participate in multiple cellular processes contributing to cancer development and therapeutic effects, showing the dual characteristics of promoting and suppressing cancer. The potential of exosomes in the field of cancer immunotherapy is huge, and exosomes may become the most effective cancer vaccines, as well as targeted antigen/drug carriers. Understanding how exosomes can be utilized in immune therapy is important for controlling cancer progression; additionally, exosomes have implications for diagnostics and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the role of exosomes in immunotherapy as carriers to stimulate an anti-cancer immune response and as predictive markers for immune activation; furthermore, it summarizes the mechanism and clinical application prospects of exosome-based immunotherapy in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the current evidence on research related to age of hypertension onset-its definition, correlates, heritability, and association with adverse outcomes. We also propose a framework for implementing assessment of hypertension onset age into clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS Prior studies have used both objective measurements and self-report to determine age of hypertension onset or early-onset hypertension. Yet, no criterion for standard definition currently exists for either. Data from epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate that early-onset hypertension is a highly heritable trait that confers an increased risk for cardiovascular death and end-organ damage compared with late-onset hypertension. Literature to date suggests that (parental) age of hypertension onset can be feasibly assessed for estimating (1) risk of future hypertension in non-hypertensive persons; and (2) the propensity for cardiovascular disease in individuals with established hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri Suvila
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ville Langén
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susan Cheng
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
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Nestoriuc Y, Kleine-Borgmann J. [Appearances are not deceptive: clinical evidence and new research approaches to open-label placebo]. Nervenarzt 2020; 91:708-713. [PMID: 32691079 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of placebo effects is proven in experimental, clinical and meta-analytical studies. However, harnessing placebo effects in clinical treatment contexts is hampered legally and ethically, since it has been considered necessary to conceal the inert nature of a placebo application. Interestingly, the results of recently published small, randomized trials suggest that patients can experience symptom relief after taking pills that they know lack any medication. In particular, these so-called open-label placebos (OLP) improved strongly fluctuating and individually distressing complaints such as gastrointestinal, neurological, psychosomatic and pain symptoms. Although the mechanisms are largely unknown, the open-label placebo application might be a promising way of fostering placebo effects in clinical settings. Initial study protocols already provide schedules for OLP use as an additional treatment in opioid use disorders. Likewise, the reduction of side effects, conversion effects or withdrawal symptoms through OLP applications in pharmacologically active treatments appear to serve as appropriate therapy goals. Further mechanistic studies are urgently needed to investigate the thus far only hypothetically proposed underlying mechanisms of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nestoriuc
- Klinische Psychologie, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Holstenhofweg 85, 22053, Hamburg, Deutschland. .,Systemische Neurowissenschaften, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - J Kleine-Borgmann
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
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Moreno-Egea A. A study to improve identification of the retroperitoneal course of iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, femorocutaneous and genitofemoral nerves during laparoscopic triple neurectomy. Surg Endosc 2020; 35:1116-1125. [PMID: 32430523 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic triple neurectomy is an available treatment option for chronic groin pain, but a poor working knowledge of the retroperitoneal neuroanatomy makes it an unsafe technique. OBJECT Describe the retroperitoneal course of iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, lateral femoral cutaneous and genitofemoral nerves, to guide the surgeon who operates in this region. METHODS Fifty adult cadavers were dissected resulting in 100 anatomic specimens. Additionally, 30 patients were operated for refractory chronic inguinal pain, using laparoscopic triple neurectomy. All operations and dissections were photographed. Measurements were made between the nerves of the lumbar plexus and various landmarks: interneural distances in a vertical midline plane, posterior or anterior iliac spine and branch presentation model. RESULTS The ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves were independent in 78% (Type II) and separated by an average of 2.5 ± 0.8 cm. In surgery study, only 38% were recognized as Type II and at a significantly greater distance (3.5 ± 1.2 cm, p < 0.001). The distance between ilioinguinal and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves was also greater during surgery, with statistical significance (5.1 ± 1.5 versus 4.2 ± 1.5, p < 0.005). The distance of the nerves to their bone references were not statistically different. The genitofemoral nerve emerged from the psoas major muscle in 20% as two separate branches (Type II), regardless of the study. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve had a mean distance of 0.98 ± 1.6 cm medial to the anterior superior iliac spine. CONCLUSION The identification of the IH, II, FC and GF nerves is essential to reduce the rate of failures in the treatment of CGP. The frequent anatomical variations of the lumbar plexus nerves make knowledge of their courses in the retroperitoneal space essential to ensure safe surgery. The location of the nerves in the LTN is distorted by up to 1 cm. regarding references in the cadavers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Moreno-Egea
- Hernia Clinic, La Vega University Hospital, Avda Primo de Rivera 7, 5ºD, 3008, Murcia, Spain.
- School of Medicine, San Antonio University, Murcia, Spain.
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Yalta K, Yalta T, Gurdogan M, Palabıyık O, Yetkın E. Cardiac Biomarkers in the Setting of Asthma Exacerbations: a Review of Clinical Implications and Practical Considerations. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32346818 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present paper aims to highlight clinical implications of elevated cardiac biomarkers and associated myocardial dysfunction in a variety of cardiac and non-cardiac scenarios in patients with an asthma exacerbation, and to propose a basic algorithm for cardiovascular evaluation and triage (and hence, for further management) of these patients primarily based on evaluation of cardiac biomarkers along with basic diagnostic modalities and specific cardiac symptoms in the hospital setting. RECENT FINDINGS Elevation of cardiac biomarkers in the setting of an asthma exacerbation mostly signifies a new-onset subclinical myocardial dysfunction/injury generally associated with certain asthma-related factors including acute hypoxemia and bronchodilator therapy, and usually has a limited prognostic value in these patients. On the other hand, elevation of these biomarkers in patients with an asthma exacerbation might also denote a variety of certain life-threatening cardiac or non-cardiac conditions associated with significant myocardial dysfunction (acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), sepsis, etc.) that might be masked by the rampant course of the asthma exacerbation, and hence, might possibly go undetected potentially aggravating the prognosis in a portion of these patients. In patients with an asthma exacerbation, it seems imperative to timely diagnose and manage emerging diverse clinical conditions particularly through the guidance of cardiac biomarkers and associated myocardial dysfunction patterns in an effort to improve overall prognosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Yalta
- Cardiology Department, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Tulin Yalta
- Pathology Department, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ertan Yetkın
- Liv Hospital, Cardiology Department, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Arbuckle K. From molecules to macroevolution: Venom as a model system for evolutionary biology across levels of life. Toxicon X 2020; 6:100034. [PMID: 32550589 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems are inherently hierarchical. Consequently, any field which aims to understand an aspect of biology holistically requires investigations at each level of the hierarchy of life, and venom research is no exception. This article aims to illustrate the structure of the field in light of a ‘levels of life’ perspective. In doing so, I highlight how traditional fields and approaches fit into this structure as focussing on describing levels or investigating links between levels, and emphasise where implicit assumptions are made due to lack of direct information. Taking a ‘levels of life’ perspective to venom research enables us to understand the complementarity of different research programmes and identify avenues for future research. Moreover, it provides a broader view that, in itself, shows how new questions can be addressed. For instance, understanding how adaptations develop and function from molecular to organismal scales, and what the consequences are of those adaptations at scales from molecular to macroevolutionary, is a general question relevant to a great deal of biology. As a trait which is molecular in nature and has clearer and more direct links between genotype and phenotype than many other traits, venom provides a relatively simple system to address such questions. Furthermore, because venom is also diverse at each level of life, the complexity within the hierarchical structure provides variation that enables powerful analytical approaches to answering questions. As a result, venom provides an excellent model system for understanding big questions in evolutionary biology. Venom is a molecular trait used directly in fitness-relevant ecological interaction. Venom is consequently an ideal model system for evolutionary biology. A ‘levels of life’ perspective is well suited to research in venom biology. This structure of the field provides many advantages to guide future studies. Clinical implications can arise from studies of venom at all levels of life.
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Chen XC, Xu J, Wu DP. Clinical characteristics and implications of mixed candida/bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematological diseases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1445-1452. [PMID: 32170543 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of mixed candida/bacterial blood infections (BSIs) has been reported to account for 20% of all cases of candidaemia. However, its clinical characteristics and implications in patients with hematological diseases are not clear. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of hematological patients complicated with candidaemia over the past 5-year period to identify the risk factors and clinical implications of mixed candidia/bacterial BSIs (case group) vs. monobacterial candidiasis (control group). Of all 65 enrolled patients with candidaemia, 20 cases (30.8%) met the diagnostic criteria for mixed candida/bacterial BSIs. Candida tropicalis was the most common candida species in all patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most detected bacteria (35%) in case group. Previous hospital stay ≥ 28 days, organic damage during candidaemia, and positive procalcitonin (PCT) test were the risk factors of mixed candida/bacterial BSIs. Cumulative mortality of all patients enrolled was 26.2% at day 30, with significant differences between case and control group. In multivariate analysis, organic damage and granulocyte recovery were the two predictive factors for 30-day mortality. Mixed candida/bacterial BSIs are fatal complications of infection which account for a considerable part of candidaemia; multicenter and large-scale clinical studies are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - De-Pei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Bassetti M, Vena A, Bouza E, Peghin M, Muñoz P, Righi E, Pea F, Lackner M, Lass-Flörl C. Antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus infections: are the MICs useful for clinicians? Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1024-1033. [PMID: 32120042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) represent a global issue and affect various patient populations. In recent years, resistant fungal isolates showing increased azole or echinocandin MICs have been reported, and their potential clinical impact has been investigated. AIMS To provide an update on the epidemiology of resistance among fungi (e.g., Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Cryptococcus spp.) and to offer a critical appraisal of the relevant literature regarding the impact of MICs on clinical outcome in patients with IFI. SOURCES PubMed search with relevant keywords along with a personal collection of relevant publications. CONTENT Although antifungal resistance has been associated with a poorer response to antifungal therapy in various studies, other factors such as comorbidities, septic shock and source of infection appear to be key determinants affecting the clinical outcome of patients with IFI. IMPLICATIONS Future international collaborative studies are required to tease out the relative contribution of in vitro antifungal resistance on patient outcomes, thus enabling the optimization of IFI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Clinica Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.
| | - A Vena
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Clinica Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Bouza
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias - CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Peghin
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - P Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias - CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid Spain; Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Righi
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy; Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Pea
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - M Lackner
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Lass-Flörl
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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van den Beld MJC, Warmelink E, Friedrich AW, Reubsaet FAG, Schipper M, de Boer RF, Notermans DW, Petrignani MWF, van Zanten E, Rossen JWA, Friesema IHM, Kooistra-Smid AMDM. Incidence, clinical implications and impact on public health of infections with Shigella spp. and entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC): results of a multicenter cross-sectional study in the Netherlands during 2016-2017. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1037. [PMID: 31818261 PMCID: PMC6902317 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shigella spp. and entero-invasive E. coli (EIEC) use the same invasive mechanism to cause diarrheal diseases. Public health regulations apply only to Shigella spp. infections, but are hampered by the lack of simple methods to distinguish them from EIEC. In the last decades, molecular methods for detecting Shigella spp. and EIEC were implemented in medical microbiological laboratories (MMLs). However, shigellosis cases identified with molecular techniques alone are not notifiable in most countries. Our study investigates the impact of EIEC versus Shigella spp. infections and molecular diagnosed shigellosis versus culture confirmed shigellosis for re-examination of the rationale for the current public health regulations. Methods In this multicenter cross-sectional study, fecal samples of patients suspected for gastro-enteritis, referred to 15 MMLs in the Netherlands, were screened by PCR for Shigella spp. or EIEC. Samples were cultured to discriminate between the two pathogens. We compared risk factors, symptoms, severity of disease, secondary infections and socio-economic consequences for (i) culture-confirmed Shigella spp. versus culture-confirmed EIEC cases (ii) culture positive versus PCR positive only shigellosis cases. Results In 2016–2017, 777 PCR positive fecal samples with patient data were included, 254 of these were culture-confirmed shigellosis cases and 32 were culture-confirmed EIEC cases. EIEC cases were more likely to report ingestion of contaminated food and were less likely to be men who have sex with men (MSM). Both pathogens were shown to cause serious disease although differences in specific symptoms were observed. Culture-negative but PCR positive cases were more likely report travel or ingestion of contaminated food and were less likely to be MSM than culture-positive cases. Culture-negative cases were more likely to suffer from multiple symptoms. No differences in degree of secondary infections were observed between Shigella spp. and EIEC, and culture-negative and culture-positive cases. Conclusions No convincing evidence was found to support the current guidelines that employs different measures based on species or detection method. Therefore, culture and molecular detection methods for Shigella spp. and EIEC should be considered equivalent for case definition and public health regulations regarding shigellosis. Differences were found regarding risks factors, indicating that different prevention strategies may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike J C van den Beld
- Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and laboratory Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Alexander W Friedrich
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans A G Reubsaet
- Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and laboratory Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Schipper
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Mathematical Modeling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Richard F de Boer
- Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan W Notermans
- Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and laboratory Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska W F Petrignani
- Public health service GGD Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evert van Zanten
- Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - John W A Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid H M Friesema
- Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - A M D Mirjam Kooistra-Smid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common and devastating form of dementia. It affects mainly older people, accounting for 50-80% of dementia cases. The age is the main associated risk factor and based on the onset age, early-onset (EOAD) or late-onset (LOAD) forms are distinguished. AD has a strong impact both on the life-style of patients and their families and on the society, due to the high costs related to social and medical care. So far, despite the great advances in understanding of the AD pathogenesis, there is no a cure for this form of dementia and current available treatments are limited to temporarily relieve symptoms. In this review, firstly we give an overview of the current knowledge of the genetic basis of both forms of AD with a particular emphasis on the insights in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of this disorder. Then we discuss the promising relevance of "omics sciences" and the open challenges of the application of Big Data in promoting precision medicine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Resta
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important member of the functional aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) family in human beings, playing a fundamental role in the detoxification of acetaldehyde and other aldehydes. In recent years, a number of researches have given attention to the association between ALDH2 and atherosclerosis, which provided insights on targeting ALDH2 for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerosis. In this review, these inspiring studies will be discussed, and the clinical implications and concerns will be expounded.
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Nation RL, Forrest A. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Toxicodynamics of Polymyxins: Implications for Therapeutic Use. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1145:219-249. [PMID: 31364081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16373-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The availability of sensitive, accurate and specific analytical methods for the measurement of polymyxins in biological fluids has enabled an understanding of the pharmacokinetics of these important antibiotics in healthy humans and patients. Colistin is administered as its inactive prodrug colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) and has especially complex pharmacokinetics. CMS undergoes conversion in vivo to the active entity colistin, but the rate of conversion varies from brand to brand and possibly from batch to batch. The extent of conversion is generally quite low and depends on the relative magnitudes of the conversion clearance and other clearance pathways for CMS of which renal excretion is a major component. Formed colistin in the systemic circulation undergoes very extensive tubular reabsorption; the same mechanism operates for polymyxin B which is administered in its active form. The extensive renal tubular reabsorption undoubtedly contributes to the propensity for the polymyxins to cause nephrotoxicity. While there are some aspects of pharmacokinetic behaviour that are similar between the two clinically used polymyxins, there are also substantial differences. In this chapter, the pharmacokinetics of colistin, administered as CMS, and polymyxin B are reviewed, and the therapeutic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Nation
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alan Forrest
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Yalta K, Zorkun C, Yilmaztepe M, Gurlertop Y. Late coronary ischemıc syndromes assocıated wıth transcatheter aortıc valve ımplantatıon: A revıew of mechanıstıc and clınıcal aspects. Indian Heart J 2018; 70:901-906. [PMID: 30580863 PMCID: PMC6306339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past years, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a promising option for the treatment of aortic valve pathologies particularly in the the presence of surgically high-risk situations. Importantly, a variety of specific procedural complications including acute coronary osteal occlusion, though very rare, has been reported in major clinical studies. However, little is known about the late impact of TAVI on coronary system at the macro and microvascular levels. On the other hand, clinical studies as well as real life experiences have shown variable rates of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) readmissions among TAVI recipients in the short and long terms. Within this context, it may be suggested that even though late coronary ischemic events arising after TAVI, to some extent, appears to be spontaneous or attributable to certain stressors, TAVI may also have the potential to directly account for, accelerate or contribute to the evolution of these ischemic events on follow-up. Accordingly, the present review primarily focuses on potential association of TAVI with late coronary ischemic syndromes along with a particular emphasis on its mechanistic basis and clinical implications among TAVI recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Yalta
- Trakya University, Cardiology Department, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Cafer Zorkun
- Trakya University, Cardiology Department, Edirne, Turkey
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Zheng H, Zhan Y, Liu S, Lu J, Luo J, Feng J, Fan S. The roles of tumor-derived exosomes in non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical implications. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:226. [PMID: 30217217 PMCID: PMC6137883 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases, and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in both men and women worldwide due to diagnosis in the advanced stage, rapid metastasis, and recurrence. At present, precision molecular targeted therapeutics directed toward NSCLC driven genes has made great progress and significantly improved the overall survival of patients with NSCLC, but can easily lead to acquired drug resistance. New methods are needed to develop real-time monitoring of drug efficacy and drug resistance, such as new molecular markers for more effective early detection and prediction of prognosis. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles, containing proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, which are secreted by various cells, and they play an important role in the development of lung cancer by controlling a wide range of pathways. Tumor-derived exosomes are of great significance for guiding the targeted therapy of NSCLC and exosomes themselves can be a target for treatment. In this review, we describe the potential roles of tumor-derived exosomes and their clinical significance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Sile Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Junmi Lu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to functional cellular RNAs molecules longer than 200 nucleotides in length. Unlike microRNAs, which have been widely studied, little is known about the enigmatic role of lncRNAs. However, lncRNAs have motivated extensively attention in the past few years and are emerging as potentially important regulators in pathological processes, including in cancer. We now understand that lncRNAs play role in cancer through their interactions with DNA, protein, and RNA in many instances. Moreover, accumulating evidence has recognized that large classes of lncRNAs are functional for ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the biological phenomena and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in ovarian cancer remain to be better identified. In this review, we outline the dysregulated expression of lncRNAs and their potential clinical implications in ovarian cancer, with a particular emphasis on discussing the well characterized mechanisms underlying lncRNAs in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhan
- Department of gynecology and obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of gynecology and obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 China
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Azevedo R, Soares J, Peixoto A, Cotton S, Lima L, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. Circulating tumor cells in bladder cancer: Emerging technologies and clinical implications foreseeing precision oncology. Urol Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29530466 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood of cancer patients provide an opportunity for real-time liquid biopsies capable of aiding early intervention, therapeutic decision, response to therapy, and prognostication. Nevertheless, the rare and potentially heterogeneous molecular nature of CTC has delayed the standardization of robust high-throughput capture/enrichment and characterization technologies. OBJECTIVE This review aims to systematize emerging solutions for CTC analysis in bladder cancer (BC), their opportunities and limitations, while providing key insights on specific technologic aspects that may ultimately guide molecular studies and clinical implementation. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION State-of-the-art screening for CTC technologies and clinical applications in BC was conducted in MEDLINE through PubMed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS From 200 records identified by the search query, 25 original studies and 1 meta-analysis met the full criteria for selection. A significant myriad of CTC technological platforms, including immunoaffinity, biophysical, and direct CTC detection by molecular methods have been presented. Despite their preliminary nature and irrespective of the applied technology, most studies concluded that CTC counts in peripheral blood correlated with metastasis. Associations with advanced tumor stage and grade and worst prognosis have been suggested. However, the unspecific nature, low sensitivity, and the lack of standardization of current methods still constitutes a major drawback. Moreover, few comprehensive molecular studies have been conducted on these poorly known class of malignant cells. CONCLUSION The current rationale supports the importance of moving the CTC field beyond proof of concept studies toward molecular-based solutions capable of improving disease management. The road has been paved for identification of highly specific CTC biomarkers and novel targeted approaches, foreseeing successful clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azevedo
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Janine Soares
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Cotton
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Glycobiology in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), R. Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal; Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, Praça de 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Glycobiology in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), R. Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 62, 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda. Mestre José Veiga, 4715 Braga, Portugal.
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Herrera-Martínez AD, Gahete MD, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Ortega-Salas R, Serrano-Blanch R, Luque RM, Gálvez-Moreno MA, Castaño JP. Clinical and functional implication of the components of somatostatin system in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocrine 2018; 59:426-437. [PMID: 29196939 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies often presenting with metastasis at diagnosis and whose clinical outcome is difficult to predict. Somatostatin (SST) analogs (SSAs) provide a valuable pharmacological tool to palliate hormonal symptoms, and control progression in some NETs. However, many patients do not respond to SSAs or develop resistance, and there are many uncertainties regarding pathophysiology of SST and its receptors (sst1-sst5) in GEP-NETs. METHODS The expression of SST system components in GEP-NETs was determined, compared with that of non-tumor adjacent and normal tissues and correlated with clinical and histological characteristics. Specifically, 58 patients with GEP-NETs and 14 normal samples were included. Cell viability in NET cell lines was determined in response to specific SSAs. RESULTS Normal samples and non-tumor adjacent tissues presented a similar expression profile, with appreciable expression of sst2 and sst3, and a lower expression of the other receptors. In contrast, cortistatin, sst1, sst4, and sst5 were overexpressed in tumors, while sst3 and sst4 seemed overexpressed in less differentiated tumors. Some SST system components were related to vascular/nerve invasion and metastasis. In vitro, sst1 and sst3 agonists reduced viability in BON-1 cells, while they, similar to octreotide and pasireotide, increased viability in QGP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel information on SST system pathophysiology in GEP-NETs, including relevant associations with clinical-histological parameters, which might help to better understand the intrinsic heterogeneity of NETs and to identify novel biomarkers and/or targets with potential prognostic and/or therapeutic value for GEP-NETs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Pathology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Ortega-Salas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Pathology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Serrano-Blanch
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - María A Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
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Maejima Y, Yokota S, Nishimori K, Shimomura K. The Anorexigenic Neural Pathways of Oxytocin and Their Clinical Implication. Neuroendocrinology 2018; 107:91-104. [PMID: 29660735 DOI: 10.1159/000489263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin was discovered in 1906 as a peptide that promotes delivery and milk ejection; however, its additional physiological functions were determined 100 years later. Many recent articles have reported newly discovered effects of oxytocin on social communication, bonding, reward-related behavior, adipose tissue, and muscle and food intake regulation. Because oxytocin neurons project to various regions in the brain that contribute to both feeding reward (hedonic feeding) and the regulation of energy balance (homeostatic feeding), the mechanisms of oxytocin on food intake regulation are complicated and largely unknown. Oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) receive neural projections from the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which is an important center for feeding regulation. On the other hand, these neurons in the PVN and supraoptic nucleus project to the ARC. PVN oxytocin neurons also project to the brain stem and the reward-related limbic system. In addition to this, oxytocin induces lipolysis and decreases fat mass. However, these effects in feeding and adipose tissue are known to be dependent on body weight (BW). Oxytocin treatment is more effective in food intake regulation and fat mass decline for individuals with leptin resistance and higher BW, but is known to be less effective in individuals with normal BW. In this review, we present in detail the recent findings on the physiological role of oxytocin in feeding regulation and the anorexigenic neural pathway of oxytocin neurons, as well as the advantage of oxytocin usage for anti-obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shoko Yokota
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Takezawa K, Townsend G, Ghabriel M. The facial nerve: anatomy and associated disorders for oral health professionals. Odontology 2017; 106:103-116. [PMID: 29243182 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The facial nerve, the seventh cranial nerve, is of great clinical significance to oral health professionals. Most published literature either addresses the central connections of the nerve or its peripheral distribution but few integrate both of these components and also highlight the main disorders affecting the nerve that have clinical implications in dentistry. The aim of the current study is to provide a comprehensive description of the facial nerve. Multiple aspects of the facial nerve are discussed and integrated, including its neuroanatomy, functional anatomy, gross anatomy, clinical problems that may involve the nerve, and the use of detailed anatomical knowledge in the diagnosis of the site of facial nerve lesion in clinical neurology. Examples are provided of disorders that can affect the facial nerve during its intra-cranial, intra-temporal and extra-cranial pathways, and key aspects of clinical management are discussed. The current study is complemented by original detailed dissections and sketches that highlight key anatomical features and emphasise the extent and nature of anatomical variations displayed by the facial nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Takezawa
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata City, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Grant Townsend
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Mounir Ghabriel
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Guo M. Cellular senescence and liver disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1527-1537. [PMID: 29174037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a fundamental cell fate caused by several cellular injuries which results in irreversible cell cycle arrest yet remaining metabolically active across all species. Cellular senescence not only can prevent tumor occurrence by inhibiting the proliferation of injured cells, but also can affect the surrounding cells through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Attractively, accumulating evidence shows that cellular senescence is closely related to various liver diseases. Therapeutic opportunities based on targeting senescent cells and the SASP are considered to be potential strategy for liver diseases. However, although research on cell senescence has attracted widespread attention, the overview on detailed mechanism and biological function of cell senescence in liver disease is still largely unknown. The present review summarizes the specific role of cell senescence in various liver diseases, and updates the molecular mechanisms underlying cell senescence. Moreover, the review also explores new strategies for prevention and treatment of liver disease through promoting senescence or counteracting excessive pathological senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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46
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Hackshaw-McGeagh LE, Sutton E, Persad R, Aning J, Bahl A, Koupparis A, Millett C, Martin RM, Lane JA. Acceptability of dietary and physical activity lifestyle modification for men following radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy for localised prostate cancer: a qualitative investigation. BMC Urol 2017; 17:94. [PMID: 29017509 PMCID: PMC5633894 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience and acceptability of lifestyle interventions for men with localised prostate cancer are not well understood, yet lifestyle interventions are increasingly promoted for cancer survivors. We explored the opinions, experiences and perceived acceptability of taking part in nutritional and physical activity interventions amongst men with prostate cancer and their partners; with the ultimate plan to use such information to inform the development of nutritional and physical activity interventions for men with prostate cancer. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 16 men, and seven partners, undergoing curative surgery or radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Interviews explored experiences of lifestyle interventions, acceptable changes participants would make and perceived barriers and facilitators to change. Interviews were thematically analysed using the framework approach. RESULTS Men were frequently open to lifestyle modification and family support was considered vital to facilitate change. Health beneficial, clinician endorsed, understandable, enjoyable interventions were perceived as attractive. Barriers included 'modern' digital technology, poor weather, competing commitments or physical limitations, most notably incontinence following radical prostatectomy. Men were keen to participate in research, with few negative aspects identified. CONCLUSIONS Men are willing to change behaviour but this needs to be supported by clinicians and health professionals facilitating lifestyle change. An 'intention-behaviour gap', when an intended behaviour does not materialise, may exist. Digital technology for data collection and lifestyle measurement may not be suitable for all, and post-surgery urinary incontinence is a barrier to physical activity. These novel findings should be incorporated into lifestyle intervention development, and implemented clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Hackshaw-McGeagh
- University of Bristol, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre - Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle Theme, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, England, UK. .,University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, England, UK.
| | - Eileen Sutton
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, England, UK
| | - Raj Persad
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital Bristol, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, England, UK
| | - Jonathan Aning
- Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE7 7DN, England, UK
| | - Amit Bahl
- Bristol Haematology & Oncology Centre, Horfield Road, Bristol, BS2 8ED, England, UK
| | - Anthony Koupparis
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital Bristol, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, England, UK
| | - Chris Millett
- Member of the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre - Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle Theme Prostate Cancer Patient and Public Involvement Group, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- University of Bristol, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre - Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle Theme, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, England, UK.,University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, England, UK
| | - J Athene Lane
- University of Bristol, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre - Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle Theme, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, England, UK.,University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, England, UK
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47
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Li Y, Xu Q, Lv N, Wang L, Zhao H, Wang X, Guo J, Chen C, Li Y, Yu L. Clinical implications of genome-wide DNA methylation studies in acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:41. [PMID: 28153026 PMCID: PMC5290606 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. AML is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by distinct genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Recent genome-wide DNA methylation studies have highlighted an important role of dysregulated methylation signature in AML from biological and clinical standpoint. In this review, we will outline the recent advances in the methylome study of AML and overview the impacts of DNA methylation on AML diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Hematology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qingyu Xu
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Medical school of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chongjian Chen
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and BMT center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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48
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Abstract
Since leukemic stem cells (LSCs) or cancer stem cells (CSCs) were found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 1997, extensive studies have been contributed to identification and characterization of such cell populations in various tissues. LSCs are now generally recognized as a heterogeneous cell population that possesses the capacities of self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. It has been shown that LSCs are regulated by critical surface antigens, microenvironment, intrinsic signaling pathways, and novel molecules such as some ncRNAs. To date, significant progress has been made in understanding of LSCs, leading to the development of numerous LSCs-targeted therapies. Moreover, various novel therapeutic agents targeting LSCs are undergoing clinical trials. Here, we review current knowledge of LSCs, and discuss the potential therapies and their challenges that are being tested in clinical trials for evaluation of their effects on leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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49
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Saeed UA, Gorgos AB, Semionov A, Sayegh K. Anomalous right vertebral artery arising from the arch of aorta: report of three cases. Radiol Case Rep 2017; 12:13-8. [PMID: 28228869 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The right vertebral artery most commonly originates as the first branch of the right subclavian artery. Although anatomical variants of the aortic arch are commonly encountered on cross-sectional imaging, certain variants of the right vertebral artery are exceedingly rare. In this report, we present 3 cases of aberrant right vertebral artery arising as the last branch of the aortic arch, a very rare variant.
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50
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Yalta K, Yetkin E. Late-onset dynamic outflow tract gradient in the setting of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy: An interesting phenomenon with potential implications? Indian Heart J 2017; 69:328-30. [PMID: 28648424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in the setting of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) has been regarded as an early-onset complication typically emerging in accordance with wall motion abnormalities. However, dynamic LVOTO has, very rarely, been reported as a late-onset phenomenon in the setting of TTC as well (arising in the late stage or after recovery). Accordingly, the present paper aims to highlight clinical relevance and potential implications of late-onset LVOTO in the setting of TTC.
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