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Kim N, Kwon S, Kwon G, Song N, Jo H, Kim C, Park S, Lee D. Tumor-targeted and stimulus-responsive polymeric prodrug nanoparticles to enhance the anticancer therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin. J Control Release 2024; 369:351-362. [PMID: 38552963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric prodrug nanoparticles have gained increasing attention in the field of anticancer drug delivery because of their dual functions as a drug carrier and a therapeutic agent. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent for various cancers but causes cardiotoxicity. In this work, we developed polymeric prodrug (pHU) nanoparticles that serve as both a drug carrier of DOX and a therapeutic agent. The composition of pHU includes antiangiogenic hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), covalently incorporated through hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-responsive peroxalate. To enhance cancer cell specificity, pHU nanoparticles were surface decorated with taurodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) to facilitate p-selectin-mediated cancer targeting. TUDCA-coated and DOX-loaded pHU nanoparticles (t-pHUDs) exhibited controlled release of DOX triggered by H2O2, characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. t-pHUDs also effectively suppressed cancer cell migration and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in response to H2O2. In animal studies, t-pHUDs exhibited highly potent anticancer activity. Notably, t-pHUDs, with their ability to accumulate preferentially in tumors due to the p-selectin targeting, surpassed the therapeutic efficacy of equivalent DOX and pHU nanoparticles alone. What is more, t-pHUDs significantly suppressed VEGF expression in tumors and mitigated hepato- and cardiotoxicity of DOX. Given their cancer targeting ability, enhanced therapeutic efficacy and minimized off-target toxicity, t-pHUDs present an innovative and targeted approach with great translational potential as an anticancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Kwon
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Kwon
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanhee Song
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanui Jo
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunho Kim
- Research Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Nowongu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Park
- Research Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Nowongu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Polymer⋅ Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Hao S, Cai D, Gou S, Li Y, Liu L, Tang X, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Shen J, Wu X, Li M, Chen M, Li X, Sun Y, Gu L, Li W, Wang F, Cho CH, Xiao Z, Du F. Does each Component of Reactive Oxygen Species have a Dual Role in the Tumor Microenvironment? Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:4958-4986. [PMID: 37469162 PMCID: PMC11340293 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230719142202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of highly reactive oxidizing molecules, including superoxide anion (O2 •-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), among others. Moderate levels of ROS play a crucial role in regulating cellular signaling and maintaining cellular functions. However, abnormal ROS levels or persistent oxidative stress can lead to changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that favor cancer development. This review provides an overview of ROS generation, structure, and properties, as well as their effects on various components of the TME. Contrary to previous studies, our findings reveal a dual effect of ROS on different components of the TME, whereby ROS can either enhance or inhibit certain factors, ultimately leading to the promotion or suppression of the TME. For example, H2O2 has dual effects on immune cells and non-- cellular components within the TME, while O2 •- has dual effects on T cells and fibroblasts. Furthermore, each component demonstrates distinct mechanisms of action and ranges of influence. In the final section of the article, we summarize the current clinical applications of ROS in cancer treatment and identify certain limitations associated with existing therapeutic approaches. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of ROS, highlighting their dual effects on different components of the TME, and exploring the potential clinical applications that may pave the way for future treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Shuang Gou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646600, China
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3
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Kim S, Sundaram A, Mathew AP, Hareshkumar VS, Mohapatra A, Thomas RG, Bui TTM, Moon K, Kweon S, Park IK, Jeong YY. In situ hypoxia modulating nano-catalase for amplifying DNA damage in radiation resistive colon tumors. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6177-6192. [PMID: 37504889 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00618b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a mainstream clinical approach in cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of RT is greatly hindered by the presence of excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the hypoxic region of the solid tumor, thus leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Herein, a thioketal-linked amphiphilic nano-assembly (MTS) loaded with hydrophobic manganese oxide (HMO) nanoparticles (MTS@HMO) is examined as a promising multi-purpose reactive oxygen species (ROS)-catalytic nanozyme for transforming an RT-resistant hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) into an RT-susceptible one by scavenging ROS in the hypoxic core of the solid tumor. After intravenous injection, the MTS@HMO nano-assembly was able to sense and be degraded by the abundant ROS in the hypoxic TME, thereby releasing HMO particles for subsequent scavenging of H2O2. The oxygen generated during peroxide scavenging then relieved the hypoxic TME, thereby resulting in an increased sensitivity of the hypoxic tumor tissue towards RT. Moreover, the in situ hypoxic status was monitored via the T1-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the Mn2+ ions generated by the ROS-mediated degradation of HMO. The in vitro results demonstrated a significant H2O2 elimination and enhanced oxygen generation after the treatment of the MTS@HMO nano-assembly with tumor cells under hypoxic conditions, compared to the control MTS group. In addition, the combination of RT and pre-treatment with MTS@HMO nano-assembly significantly amplified the permanent DNA strand breaks in tumor cells compared to the control RT group. More importantly, the in vivo results proved that the systemic injection of the MTS@HMO nano-assembly prior to RT irradiation enhanced the RT-mediated tumor suppression and down-regulated the hypoxic marker of HIF-1α in the solid tumor compared to the control RT group. Overall, the present work demonstrates the great potential of the versatile ROS-catalytic hypoxia modulating strategy using the MTS@HMO nano-assembly to enhance the RT-induced antitumor efficacy in hypoxic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- DR Cure Inc., Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Aravindkumar Sundaram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ansuja Pulickal Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vasvani Shyam Hareshkumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- DR Cure Inc., Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Adityanarayan Mohapatra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Reju George Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thinh T M Bui
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyuho Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seho Kweon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- DR Cure Inc., Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
- DR Cure Inc., Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
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Tom A, Jacob J, Mathews M, Rajagopal R, Alfarhan A, Barcelo D, Narayanankutty A. Synthesis of Bis-Chalcones and Evaluation of Its Effect on Peroxide-Induced Cell Death and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Production. Molecules 2023; 28:6354. [PMID: 37687181 PMCID: PMC10488834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are important sources of biologically active compounds with wide pharmacological potentials. Among the different classes, the chalcones form integral pharmacologically active agents. Natural chalcones and bis-chalcones exhibit high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various experiments. Studies are also underway to explore more biologically active bis-chalcones by chemical synthesis of these compounds. In this study, the effects of six synthetic bis-chalcones were evaluated in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6); further, the anti-inflammatory potentials were studied in lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production in macrophages. The synthesized bis-chalcones differ from each other first of all by the nature of the aromatic cores (functional group substitution, and their position) and by the size of a central alicycle. The exposure of IEC-6 cells to peroxide radicals reduced the cell viability; however, pre-treatment with the bis-chalcones improved the cell viability in these cells. The mechanism of action was observed to be the increased levels of glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities. Further, these bis-chalcones also inhibited the LPS-stimulation-induced inflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Overall, the present study indicated the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory abilities of synthetic bis-chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alby Tom
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, Kerala, India;
| | - Jisha Jacob
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Lab, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri (Autonomous), Calicut 680555, Kerala, India;
| | - Manoj Mathews
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri (Autonomous), Calicut 680555, Kerala, India;
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Idaea-Csic, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College Devagiri (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, Kerala, India;
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Chiavaroli A, Libero ML, Di Simone SC, Acquaviva A, Nilofar, Recinella L, Leone S, Brunetti L, Cicia D, Izzo AA, Orlando G, Zengin G, Uba AI, Cakilcioğlu U, Mukemre M, Elkiran O, Menghini L, Ferrante C. Adding New Scientific Evidences on the Pharmaceutical Properties of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew Extracts by Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1132. [PMID: 36903991 PMCID: PMC10005478 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Pelargonium quercetorum is a medicinal plant traditionally used for treating intestinal worms. In the present study, the chemical composition and bio-pharmacological properties of P. quercetorum extracts were investigated. Enzyme inhibition and scavenging/reducing properties of water, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts were assayed. The extracts were also studied in an ex vivo experimental model of colon inflammation, and in this context the gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were assayed. Additionally, in colon cancer HCT116 cells, the gene expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8), possibly involved in colon carcinogenesis, was conducted as well. The extracts showed a different qualitative and quantitative content of phytochemicals, with water and methanol extracts being richer in total phenols and flavonoids, among which are flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids. This could explain, at least in part, the higher antioxidant effects shown by methanol and water extracts, compared with ethyl acetate extract. By contrast, the ethyl acetate was more effective as cytotoxic agent against colon cancer cells, and this could be related, albeit partially, to the content of thymol and to its putative ability to downregulate TRPM8 gene expression. Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract was effective in inhibiting the gene expression of COX-2 and TNFα in isolated colon tissue exposed to LPS. Overall, the present results support future studies for investigating protective effects against gut inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Loreta Libero
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nilofar
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Donatella Cicia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonio Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, 34537 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Cakilcioğlu
- Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Munzur University, 62500 Pertek, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Mukemre
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Yuksekova Vocational School, Hakkari University, 30100 Hakkari, Turkey
| | - Omer Elkiran
- Department of Environmental Health, Vocational School of Health Services, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, Turkey
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Jung E, Lee J, Lee Y, Seon S, Park M, Song C, Lee D. Tumor-Targeting H 2O 2-Responsive Photosensitizing Nanoparticles with Antiangiogenic and Immunogenic Activities for Maximizing Anticancer Efficacy of Phototherapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4450-4461. [PMID: 35006857 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizers and light to kill cancer cells and has become a promising therapeutic modality because of advantages such as minimal invasiveness and high cancer selectivity. However, PTT or PDT as a single treatment modality has insufficient therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, oxygen consumption by PDT activates angiogenic factors and leads to cancer recurrence and progression. Therefore, the therapeutic outcomes of phototherapy would be maximized by employing photosensitizers for concurrent PTT and PDT and suppressing angiogenic factors. Therefore, integrating photosensitive agents and antiangiogenic agents in a single nanoplatform would be a promising strategy to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of phototherapy. In this study, we developed hyaluronic acid-coated fluorescent boronated polysaccharide (HA-FBM) nanoparticles as a combination therapeutic agent for phototherapy and antiangiogenic therapy. Upon a single near-infrared laser irradiation, HA-FBM nanoparticles generated heat and singlet oxygen simultaneously to kill cancer cells and also induced immunogenic cancer cell death. Beside their fundamental roles as photosensitizers, HA-FBM nanoparticles exerted antiangiogenic effects by suppressing the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cancer cell migration. In a mouse xenograft model, intravenously injected HA-FBM nanoparticles targeted tumors by binding CD44-overexpressing cancer cells and suppressed angiogenic VEGF expression. Upon laser irradiation, HA-FBM nanoparticles remarkably eradicated tumors and increased anticancer immunity. Given their synergistic effects of phototherapy and antiangiogenic therapy from tumor-targeting HA-FBM nanoparticles, we believe that integrating the photosensitizers and antiangiogenic agents into a single nanoplatform presents an attractive strategy to maximize the anticancer therapeutic efficacy of phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyeong Jung
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yeongjong Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Semee Seon
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Park
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulgyu Song
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
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7
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Guo W, Wu X, Li Y, Gao J, Wang F, Jin Y, Chong T, Malhotra A. Evaluation of biophysical as well as biochemical potential of curcumin and resveratrol during prostate cancer. J Drug Target 2019; 28:41-45. [PMID: 30943812 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1601199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study evaluated biochemical as well as biophysical mechanisms behind the synergistic effects of curcumin and resveratrol during prostate carcinogenesis.Methods: The rats were segregated into five groups that included normal control, 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB)treated, DMAB + curcumin treated, DMAB + resveratrol-treated and DMAB + curcumin + resveratrol-treated.Results: The DMAB treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in DMAB treated rats. Also, significant changes were recorded in the enzyme activities of both drug metabolising enzyme and antioxidant enzymes after DMAB treatment. Further, radiorespirometric studies showed a significant increase in the 14C-glucose turnover as well as 14C-glucose uptake in the prostate slices of DMAB treated rats. Moreover, a significant rise in cell proliferation was confirmed indirectly by enhanced uptake of 3H-thymidine in the prostate slices of DMAB treated rats. Interestingly, combined treatment of curcumin and resveratrol to DMAB treated animals resulted in a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, 14C glucose uptakes/turnover and 3H-thymidine uptake in the DMAB treated rats. Besides this, curcumin and resveratrol in combination significantly modulated biochemical indices including drug-metabolising enzymes; antioxidant enzymes in DMBA treated rats.Conclusion: The study, therefore, concludes that the combination of curcumin and resveratrol holds strong modulatory potential against prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Urology Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Office For Disease Control And Prevention, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yi Li
- Urology Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Jixue Gao
- Urology Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Urology Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- Urology Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Tie Chong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Liu D, He B, Lin L, Malhotra A, Yuan N. Potential of curcumin and resveratrol as biochemical and biophysical modulators during lung cancer in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:328-334. [PMID: 30484721 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1523921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored chemopreventive aspects of curcumin and resveratrol in the experimental model of lung carcinogenesis in rats. The main aim was to establish efficacy of combined phytochemicals treatment over individual treatments in rat cancer model. The study was performed in terms of both biophysical and biochemical parameters. The rats were segregated into five groups, which included normal control, benzo[a]pyrene (BP) treated, BP + curcumin treated, BP + resveratrol treated, and BP + curcumin + resveratrol treated groups. The results confirmed significant changes in the biochemical indices of the BP treated rats. Further, radiorespirometric studies showed significant rise in the 14C-glucose turnover and uptakes in BP treated rats. Also, a significant increase in the cell proliferation was noticed indirectly by recording uptakes of 3H-thymidine in the lung slices of BP treated rats. On the other hand, supplementation with curcumin and resveratrol in combination to BP treated rats significantly modulated both biophysical and biochemical indices. The histopathological studies also supported the efficacy of combined treatment of phytochemicals during lung carcinogenesis. The present study concluded that the combination of curcumin and resveratrol efficiently modulated lung carcinogenesis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengchang Liu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory , Dezhou People's Hospital , Dezhou, China
| | - Bangzhi He
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory , Dezhou People's Hospital , Dezhou, China
| | - Lingdan Lin
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory , Dezhou People's Hospital , Dezhou, China
| | | | - Naxin Yuan
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine Laboratory , Dezhou People's Hospital , Dezhou, China
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Malhotra A, Nair P, Dhawan DK. Study to evaluate molecular mechanics behind synergistic chemo-preventive effects of curcumin and resveratrol during lung carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93820. [PMID: 24705375 PMCID: PMC3976304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The combination approach is the future of the war against cancer and the present study evaluated molecular mechanics behind the synergistic effects of curcumin and resveratrol during lung carcinogenesis. Methods The mice were segregated into five groups which included normal control, Benzo[a]pyrene[BP] treated, BP+curcumin treated, BP+resveratrol treated and BP+curcumin+resveratrol treated. Results The morphological analyses of tumor nodules confirmed lung carcinogenesis in mice after 22 weeks of single intra-peritoneal[i.p] injection of BP at a dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight. The BP treatment resulted in a significant increase in the protein expressions of p53 in the BP treated mice. Also, a significant increase in the protein expression of phosphorylated p53[ser15] confirmed p53 hyper-phosphorylation in BP treated mice. On the other hand, enzyme activities of caspase 3 and caspase 9 were noticed to be significantly decreased following BP treatment. Further, radiorespirometric studies showed a significant increase in the 14C-glucose turnover as well as 14C-gulcose uptake in the lung slices of BP treated mice. Moreover, a significant rise in the cell proliferation was confirmed indirectly by enhanced uptake of 3H-thymidine in the lung slices of BP treated mice. Interestingly, combined treatment of curcumin and resveratrol to BP treated animals resulted in a significant decrease in p53 hyper-phosphorylation, 14C glucose uptakes/turnover and 3H-thymidine uptake in the BP treated mice. However, the enzyme activities of caspase 3 and caspase 9 showed a significant increase upon treatment with curcumin and resveratrol. Conclusion The study, therefore, concludes that molecular mechanics behind chemo-preventive synergism involved modulation of p53 hyper-phosphorylation, regulation of caspases and cellular metabolism enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshoo Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research [PGIMER], Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Nair
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Ye J, Li Y, Teruya K, Katakura Y, Ichikawa A, Eto H, Hosoi M, Hosoi M, Nishimoto S, Shirahata S. Enzyme-digested Fucoidan Extracts Derived from Seaweed Mozuku of Cladosiphon novae-caledoniae kylin Inhibit Invasion and Angiogenesis of Tumor Cells. Cytotechnology 2011; 47:117-26. [PMID: 19003051 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-005-3761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a uniquely-structured sulfated polysaccharide found in the cell walls of several types of brown seaweed that has recently, especially as enzyme-digested fucoidan extract, attracted a lot attention due to its anti-tumor potential. In this study, we evaluated the effects of enzyme-digested fucoidan extracts prepared from seaweed Mozuku of Cladosiphon novae-caledoniae kylin on in vitro invasion and angiogenesis abilities of human tumor cells. First, we evaluated the effect of the fucoidan extracts on oxidative stress of tumor cells, and demonstrated that intracellular H(2)O(2) level and released H(2)O(2) from tumor cells were both greatly repressed upon the treatment with the fucoidan extracts, suggesting that fucoidan extracts ameliorate oxidative stress of tumor cells. Next, we tested for the effects of fucoidan extracts on invasion ability of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, showing that fucoidan extracts significantly inhibit their invasion, possibly via suppressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2/9 activities. Further, we investigated the effects of the fucoidan extracts on angiogenesis of human uterine carcinoma HeLa cells, and found that fucoidan extracts suppressed expression and secretion of an angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in suppressed vascular tubules formation of tumor cells. The results taken together clarified that enzyme-digested fucoidan extracts from Cladosiphon novae-caledoniae kylin possess inhibitory effects on invasion and angiogenesis of tumor cells. These effects might, at least partially, be elicited by the antioxidative potential of enzyme digested fucoidan extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Department of Genetic Resources Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 812-8581, Fukuoka, Japan
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Won KJ, Lee HM, Lee CK, Lin HY, Na H, Lim KW, Roh HY, Sim S, Song H, Choi WS, Lee SH, Kim B. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2 Is Positively Involved in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–Signaling in Vascular Neointima Formation via the Reactive Oxygen Species–Related Pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:164-175. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10250fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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12
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Onumah OE, Jules GE, Zhao Y, Zhou L, Yang H, Guo Z. Overexpression of catalase delays G0/G1- to S-phase transition during cell cycle progression in mouse aortic endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1658-67. [PMID: 19341793 PMCID: PMC2713001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although it is understood that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) promotes cellular proliferation, little is known about its role in endothelial cell cycle progression. To assess the regulatory role of endogenously produced H(2)O(2) in cell cycle progression, we studied the cell cycle progression in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) obtained from mice overexpressing a human catalase transgene (hCatTg), which destroys H(2)O(2). The hCatTg MAECs displayed a prolonged doubling time compared to wild-type controls (44.0 +/- 4.7 h versus 28.6 +/- 0.8 h, p<0.05), consistent with a diminished growth rate and H(2)O(2) release. Incubation with aminotriazole, a catalase inhibitor, prevented the observed diminished growth rate in hCatTg MAECs. Inhibition of catalase activity with aminotriazole abrogated catalase overexpression-induced antiproliferative action. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the prolonged doubling time was principally due to an extended G(0)/G(1) phase in hCatTg MAECs compared to the wild-type cells (25.0 +/- 0.9 h versus 15.9 +/- 1.4 h, p< 0.05). The hCatTg MAECs also exhibited decreased activities of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexes responsible for G(0)/G(1)- to S-phase transition in the cell cycle, including the cyclin D-Cdk4 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. Moreover, the reduction in cyclin-Cdk activities in hCatTg MAECs was accompanied by increased protein levels of two Cdk inhibitors, p21 and p27, which inhibit the Cdk activity required for the G(0)/G(1)- to S-phase transition. Knockdown of p21 and/or p27 attenuated the antiproliferative effect of catalase overexpression in MAECs. These results, together with the fact that catalase is an H(2)O(2) scavenger, suggest that endogenously produced H(2)O(2) mediates MAEC proliferation by fostering the transition from G(0)/G(1) to S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogbeyalu E. Onumah
- Department of Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - George E. Jules
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - LiChun Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - ZhongMao Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
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Ye J, Li Y, Hamasaki T, Nakamichi N, Komatsu T, Kashiwagi T, Teruya K, Nishikawa R, Kawahara T, Osada K, Toh K, Abe M, Tian H, Kabayama S, Otsubo K, Morisawa S, Katakura Y, Shirahata S. Inhibitory effect of electrolyzed reduced water on tumor angiogenesis. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:19-26. [PMID: 18175936 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mediator of tumor angiogenesis. Tumor cells are exposed to higher oxidative stress compared to normal cells. Numerous reports have demonstrated that the intracellular redox (oxidation/reduction) state is closely associated with the pattern of VEGF expression. Electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) produced near the cathode during the electrolysis of water scavenged intracellular H(2)O(2) and decreased the release of H(2)O(2) from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, A549, and down-regulated both VEGF transcription and protein secretion in a time-dependent manner. To investigate the signal transduction pathway involved in regulating VEGF expression, mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) specific inhibitors, SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) and JNKi (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase inhibitor) were applied. The results showed that only PD98059 blocks VEGF expression, suggesting an important role for ERK1/2 in regulating VEGF expression in A549 cells. As well, ERW inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in a time-dependent manner. Co-culture experiments to analyze in vitro tubule formation assay revealed that A549 cell-derived conditioned medium significantly stimulated the formation of vascular tubules in all analyzed parameters; tubule total area, tubule junction, number of tubules, and total tubule length. ERW counteracted the effect of A549 cell-conditioned medium and decreased total tube length (p<0.01). The present study demonstrated that ERW down-regulated VEGF gene transcription and protein secretion through inactivation of ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Thanaketpaisarn O, Nishikawa M, Okabe T, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Insertion of nuclear factor-kappaB binding sequence into plasmid DNA for increased transgene expression in colon carcinoma cells. J Biotechnol 2007; 133:36-41. [PMID: 17961782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To increase plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based transgene expression, 5, 10 or 20 repeats of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding sequences were inserted upstream of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter region of a conventional pDNA encoding firefly luciferase (pCMV-Luc) to obtain pCMV-kappaB5-Luc, pCMV-kappaB10-Luc and pCMV-kappaB20-Luc. Murine carcinoma colon 26 cells, in which NF-kappaB was constitutively activated, were co-transfected with a firefly luciferase-expressing pDNA and a renilla luciferase-expressing pDNA having no NF-kappaB binding sequences using cationic liposomes. The expression efficiency of pCMV-kappaB(n)-Luc was evaluated using the ratio of the luciferase activities. Increasing numbers of NF-kappaB binding sequences significantly increased transgene expression. The expression was increased by NF-kappaB activators and the effects were marked with pDNA having many NF-kappaB binding sequences. These results indicate that insertion of NF-kappaB binding sequences into pDNA is an effective approach to increase transgene expression in cancer cells in which NF-kappaB is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oranuch Thanaketpaisarn
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Djamali A. Oxidative stress as a common pathway to chronic tubulointerstitial injury in kidney allografts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F445-55. [PMID: 17459952 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00037.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for kidney transplantation is to dissect out the identifiable causes of chronic allograft tubulointerstitial fibrosis and to develop cause-specific treatment strategies. There has been a recent interest in the role of oxidative stress (OS) as a mediator of injury in chronic allograft tubular atrophy (TA) and interstitial fibrosis (IF). A review of the literature and data from my laboratory studying chronic allograft TA/IF in rat, rhesus monkey, and human kidneys suggests that OS is increased in graft-infiltrating macrophages, activated myofibroblasts, interstitium, and areas of tubular injury. Chronic allograft OS may be induced by inflammation, abnormal tissue oxygenation, immunosuppressant drugs, and comorbid clinical conditions including diabetes, hypertension, proteinuria, anemia, and dyslipidemia. Moreover, OS-induced chronic TA/IF is associated with signaling pathways including inflammation, apoptosis, hypoxia, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Most of these injury pathways participate in a self-perpetuating cycle with OS. In conclusion, evidence suggests that OS is a common mechanism of injury in chronic allograft TA/IF. However, most available data demonstrate a correlation and no causal relationship. Furthermore, the extent to which TA/IF is dependent on OS is unknown. These questions may be answered by prospective randomized placebo-control trials examining the role of select antioxidants in the prevention of chronic allograft TA/IF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjang Djamali
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53713, USA.
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Santhi WS, Sebastian P, Varghese BT, Prakash O, Pillai MR. NF-kappaB and COX-2 during oral tumorigenesis and in assessment of minimal residual disease in surgical margins. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:123-30. [PMID: 16822500 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a major health problem in many parts of the world including India. The molecular mechanisms involved in oral tumorigenesis are not completely understood. Although surgery continues to be the most common treatment modality for this cancer, survival rates of oral cancer patients have still not significantly improved over the last few decades. Classical diagnostic methods are still not sensitive enough in detecting completeness of surgery and assessing minimal residual disease. This study investigated the role of NF-kappaB and COX-2 both in oral cancer progression and assessment of minimal residual disease. Expression of NF-kappaB proteins and its inhibitory protein IkappaB-alpha was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, ELISA and EMSA, while RT-PCR was used to detect COX-2 expression. Cytoplasmic expression as well as nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB proteins increased with histological progression of oral cancer (from normal to leukoplakia to cancer). A similar pattern of expression was observed for COX-2 also. NF-kappaB proteins, both cytoplasmic and nuclear, had a significant negative correlation from tumor to surgical margin to extra margin; COX-2 paralleled the expression of NF-kappaB proteins. Our results thus point to NF-kappaB and COX-2 as participants in oral tumor progression and also to the validation of these two molecular markers in assessing minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Santhi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Xie K, Wei D, Shi Q, Huang S. Constitutive and inducible expression and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 15:297-324. [PMID: 15450248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was originally discovered as vascular permeability factor, is critical to human cancer angiogenesis through its potent functions as a stimulator of endothelial cell survival, mitogenesis, migration, differentiation and self-assembly, as well as vascular permeability, immunosuppression and mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation. Genetic alterations and a chaotic tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, acidosis, free radicals, and cytokines, are clearly attributed to numerous abnormalities in the expression and signaling of VEGF and its receptors. These perturbations confer a tremendous survival and growth advantage to vascular endothelial cells as manifested by exuberant tumor angiogenesis and a consequent malignant phenotype. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of both inducible and constitutive VEGF expression will be crucial in designing effective therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF to control tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, molecular regulation of VEGF expression in tumor cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keping Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 426, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jurek D, Udilova N, Jozkowicz A, Nohl H, Marian B, Schulte-Hermann R. Dietary lipid hydroperoxides induce expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human colorectal tumor cells. FASEB J 2004; 19:97-9. [PMID: 15522906 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2111fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid hydroperoxides arise from unsaturated fatty acids in the presence of oxygen and elevated temperature during processing of food. Here we have studied their effects on gene expression in colorectal tumor cells using linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LOOH) as a model compound. Its addition to the medium of LT97 human adenoma cells and SW480 human carcinoma cells enhanced the production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, in both cell lines, increases in VEGF mRNA and protein were observed. Unoxidized linoleic acid had little or no activity. Concomitantly, COX-2 expression was up-regulated. In the LT97 cells, the COX inhibitors SC58560 and SC58236 completely prevented the VEGF induction, suggesting that the effect was dependent on prostaglandin synthesis. In vivo prostaglandin-mediated induction of VEGF secretion is known to be essential for the growth of adenomatous polyps and their progression to carcinomas. Therefore, our results for the first time implicate dietary lipid hydroperoxide as a key risk factor in colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jurek
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Celec P, Yonemitsu Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor - basic science and its clinical implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:69-75. [PMID: 15364116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2003] [Revised: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/12/2004] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important signaling molecule involved in the regulation of the formation of new vessels. Results of recent studies have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the VEGF signaling pathways. VEGF local or systemic application represents a new approach in the therapy of ischemic diseases, especially of the coronary artery disease. Inhibition of the VEGF action on various levels is, on the other hand, assumed to be a promising therapeutic concept against cancer. Moreover, VEGF has been recently shown to be associated with some other physiological and pathophysiological processes. In this article we summarize the latest results of VEGF related studies and present the concluding theoretical resource for further research on the role of VEGF in understanding of pathophysiology of diseases and in therapeutic interventions in clinical biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Celec
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wang W, Luo HS. Involvement of NF-kappa B activation in P-glycoprotein expression in vincristine-resistant human gastric cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:537-541. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i3.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of vincristine on activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and expression of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vincristine-resistant human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells (SGC7901/VCR) and the parent sensitive clone (SGC7901).
METHODS: NF-κB-DNA binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Levels of inhibitory B (IB-) and P-gp were measured by cellular-ELISA. And immunocytochemistry was used to detect the translocation of P65.
RESULTS: IN comparison with the parent SGC7901 cells, the basal and vincristine-induced NF-κB-DNA binding activity at various concentrations were all higher in the SGC7901/VCR cells. Concurrent with the NF-κB activation, vincristine-induced IB- degradation and P-gp upregulation were also found to be highly enhanced in the SGC7901/VCR cells than that in the sensitive SGC7901 cells. In the SGC7901/VCR cells, the activation of NF-κB induced by vincristine showed a positive relation with the level of P-gp expression (r = 0.977, P < 0.01). And nuclear translocation of P65 occurred concomitantly with NF-κB activation. Furthermore, the inhibition of NF-κB by MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, could reduce NF-κB activation, IB- degradation and P-gp upregulation.
CONCLUSION: The enhancement of NF-κB activation correlates with vincristine resistance and NF-κB may play an important role in the regulation of the P-gp expression.
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Wang XY, Shen SR, Liu HY, Zhang XM, Peng C, Huang H, Liu F, Li XL, Li GY. Effects of tumor suppressor gene NGX6 on growth of human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:574-579. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i3.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: NGX6 is a novel tumor suppressor gene candidate, and the expression of NGX6 decreased in colon cancer specimen, which suggested that the down-regulation of NGX6 was closely related to tumorigenesis of colon cancer. This study was designed to explore effects of NGX6 on the cytobiological characteristics of human colon cancer cell line HT-29 and to elucidate the role of NGX6 in the colon cancer.
METHODS: The mammal expression vector of pcDNA3.1(+)/NGX6 was transfected into human colon cancer cell line HT-29 cells by liposome.The integration of the exogenous vector DNA and the expression of NGX6 were detected by dot blot and RT-PCR. Finally, the cytobiological characteristics of positive clone were analyzed by growth curves of cells, MTT, soft agar assay, FCM and xenograft.
RESULTS: pcDNA3.1(+)/NGX6/HT-29 cells grew slower than pcDNA3.1(+)/HT-29 and HT-29 cells (P < 0.05), and the PDT of pcDNA3.1(+)/NGX6/HT-29 cell was 34.5 hours, which was significantly longer than that of pcDNA3.1(+)/HT-29 cells (27.1 h) and HT-29 cells (23.0 h). FCM data showed that the overexpression of NGX6 blocked the progression of G1→S phase in cell cycle, and it also presented decreased clonogenicity in soft agar assay and tumor formation in nude mice.
CONCLUSION: The re-expression of NGX6 can reverse the malignant phenotype of human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Therefore, NGX6 gene may be a good candidate of tumor suppressor gene associated with colon cancer.
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Guo XL, Lin GJ, Zhao H, Gao Y, Qian LP, Xu SR, Fu LN, Xu Q, Wang JJ. Inhibitory effects of docetaxel on expression of VEGF, bFGF and MMPs of LS174T cell. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1995-8. [PMID: 12970892 PMCID: PMC4656660 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i9.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of non-cytotoxic concentrations of docetaxel on some important angiogenic factors of LS174T Cells.
METHODS: The non-cytotoxic concentration of docetaxel and the activity of gelatinase were determined with MTT and gelatin zymography respectively, the expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) 2 and MMP 9 was investigated with RT-PCR and Western blot.
RESULTS: The maximum non-cytotoxic concentration of docetaxel on LS174T Cells was 1.0 ng/mL. Compared with the solvent control group, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 ng/mL of docetaxel could downregulate the expression of VEGF, bFGF, MMP 2 and MMP 9 and suppress the activity of gelatinase.
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the non-cytotoxic concentrations of docetaxel have strong antiangiogenic activity on LS174T Cells, which suggests docetaxel may be a promising antiangiogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Liang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The homing of prostate carcinoma to bone is a nonrandom, multistep process. Previous studies have revealed significant insights into how tumor cells can interact with the host microenvironment. In this communication, the author summarizes recent studies from his institution and draws conclusions from data published by others pertaining to the biologic and therapeutic implications of bone metastasis from prostate carcinoma. METHODS Tumor models have been established to study cellular interaction between human prostate carcinoma cells and bone stroma under two-dimensional and three-dimensional conditions. At the author's institution, experiments were conducted to show that prostate carcinoma cell growth and survival are enhanced in coculture with pleuripotent bone stromal cells. A cotargeting concept for the treatment of patients with prostate carcinoma bone metastasis is introduced. RESULTS Both genotypical and phenotypical responses were observed to tumor epithelium when it was cocultured under three-dimensional conditions. A "vicious cycle" that was mediated by soluble and insoluble molecules secreted by tumor and bone may be the key to supporting and sustaining tumor colonization in bone. Cotargeting tumor and stroma has yielded promising results, both in preclinical models of prostate carcinoma bone metastasis and in the clinic with patients who were treated with a dual tumor-targeting and bone-targeting strategy. CONCLUSIONS Understanding and targeting the interaction of tumor cells and bone stroma may improve the prognosis, reduce the suffering, and increase the survival of patients with advanced bone metastasis as a consequence of prostate carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland W K Chung
- Department of Urology and Biochemistry, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Ma QY, Williamson KE, Rowlands BJ. Variability of cell proliferation in the proximal and distal colon of normal rats and rats with dimethylhydrazine induced carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:847-52. [PMID: 12378628 PMCID: PMC4656573 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i5.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the patterns of cell proliferation in proximal and distal colons in normal rats and rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced carcinogenesis using the thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine.
METHODS: Colonic crypt cell proliferation was immunohistochemically detected using the anti-bromodeoxyuridine Bu20a monoclonal antibody.
RESULTS: Marked regional differences were found in both groups. Total labelling index (LI) and proliferative zone size in both normal (8.65 ± 0.34 vs 7.2 ± 0.45, 27.74 ± 1.07 vs 16.75 ± 1.45) and DMH groups (13.13 ± 0.46 vs 11.55 ± 0.45, 39.60 ± 1.32 vs 35.52 ± 1.58) were significantly higher in distal than in proximal colon (P < 0.05), although the number of cells per proximal crypt was greater (31.45 ± 0.20 vs 34.45 ± 0.39, 42.68 ± 0.53 vs 49.09 ± 0.65, P < 0.0001). Crypt length, total LI and proliferative zone size all increased in both proximal and distal regions of DMH rats compared to normal controls (P < 0.0001). In DMH-treated rat colon a shift of labelled cells to higher crypt cell positions was demonstrated distally whilst a bi-directional shift was evident proximally (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our results show that changes in cell proliferation patterns, as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine uptake, can act as a reliable intermediate marker of colonic cancer formation. Observed differences between proliferation patterns in distal and proximal colon may be associated with the higher incidence of tumors in the distal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yong Ma
- Department of Surgery, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Liu LX, Zhang WH, Jiang HC, Zhu AL, Wu LF, Qi SY, Piao DX. Arterial chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C in the treatment of liver metastases of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:663-7. [PMID: 12174375 PMCID: PMC4656317 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i4.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Regional chemotherapy using hepatic artery catheters is a good method of treating patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases. We investigated the survival of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C Cthrough implantable hepatic arterial infusion port.
METHODS: Seventy-five patients with inoperable liver metastases from colorectal cancer were included between March, 1992 and November, 2001. We placed implantable hepatic arterial catheter (HAC) port by laparotomy.5-FU, 1000 mg/m2/d continuous infusion for five days every four weeks, was delivered in the hepatic arterial catheter through the port. Mitomycin C, 30 mg/m2/d infusion in the first day every cycle through the port. Response to the treatment was evaluated by serial determinations of plasma CEA and imaging techniques consisting of computerized tomography and sonography of liver.
RESULTS: Sixty-eight were performed hepatic artery chemotherapy and fifty-six were followed up among seventy-five HAC patients. Twenty-six patients (46.4%) have responded and 4 complete remission were achieved. Eight patients (14.3%) had stable liver metastases. Twenty-two patients (39.3%) were progressed with increased tumor size and number. Twenty-nine patients (51.8%) had a decreased serum CEA level, while 10 patients (17.9%) were stable and 17 patients (30.4%) had an increased serum CEA level. There were no operative death in this series. Complications, which occurred in 18 patients (32.1%), were as followed: hepatic artery thrombosis in 11, Upper gastric and intestinal bleeding in 3, liver abscess in 1, pocket infection in 1, cholangitis in 1, and hepatic artery pseudo-aneurysm in one patient.
CONCLUSION: Combined infusion of 5-FU and mitomycin C by hepatic artery catheter port is an effective treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. The high response and lower complication rates prove the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer with this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Xin Liu
- Department of Surgery, the First Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, No.23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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