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Yip T, Feng Y, Lorenzo K, El-Sheikh M. Ethnic/racial discrimination and academic grades among adolescents: moderation by sleep regularity. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13798. [PMID: 36578265 PMCID: PMC11352077 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how sleep regularity moderates the association between ethnic/racial discrimination and academic grades among diverse adolescents. The study included a 14-day, daily diary and actigraphy study of ninth-grade adolescents in the United States (N = 265; mean [SD] age 15.26 [0.62] years, 41.51% Asian, 21.13% Black, 37.35% Latinx, 71.32% female) who completed measures of demographic information and ethnic/racial discrimination (Daily Life Experiences Racism and Bother subscale). Sleep data were collected for 14 consecutive days with wrist actigraphy, and sleep regularity was calculated using the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI). Academic grades were provided by the Department of Education. Discrimination frequency was associated with lower academic grades, and the SRI moderated this association. Compared to adolescents who had moderate and regular SRI profiles, adolescents with irregular SRI (i.e., lower sleep regularity) had stronger negative associations between discrimination and grades. On the other hand, for adolescents who had moderate to high sleep regularity, there was no significant association between discrimination and grades. This study underscores the importance of sleep regularity for adolescents' academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye Feng
- Fordham University, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Yeh AY, Pressler SJ, Giordani BJ. Actigraphic and Self-reported Sleep Measures in Older Adults: Factor Analytic Study. West J Nurs Res 2023; 45:4-13. [PMID: 34353188 DOI: 10.1177/01939459211037054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Actigraphy has been used to measure older adults' sleep, but few studies have evaluated the factor structure among actigraphy-measured sleep parameters. Additionally, previous studies have reported the association between actigraphy-measured and self-reported sleep parameters in older adults but have not controlled for covariates of gender, insomnia, cognitive impairment, depression, and health conditions. We therefore investigated the factor structure of actigraphy-measured sleep parameters and, controlling for covariates, the association between actigraphy-measured and self-reported sleep parameters in 62 older adults (female: 75.8%; mean age: 69.9). The factor analysis gave a three-factor solution: length of wakefulness during sleep, sleep disruption, and total sleep time. Self-reported sleep parameters and covariates explained actigraphy-measured total sleep time (explained variance: 61%) substantially more than length of wakefulness during sleep (explained variance: 14%) and sleep disruption (explained variance: 11%). Studies need to select sleep measures based on their focus to best understand sleep characteristics in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yun Yeh
- Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Bruno J Giordani
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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3
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Burchartz A, Oriwol D, Kolb S, Schmidt SCE, Wunsch K, Manz K, Niessner C, Woll A. Comparison of self-reported & device-based, measured physical activity among children in Germany. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1081. [PMID: 34090411 PMCID: PMC8180063 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As children show a more complex but less structured movement behavior than adults, assessment of their many spontaneous and impulsive movements is a challenge for physical activity (PA) assessment. Since neither questionnaires nor accelerometers enable optimal detection of all facets of PA, a multimodal, combined approach of self-reported and device-based methods is recommended. Based on the number of days on which the participants reached the physical activity (PA) values given in the WHO guideline, this study examines 1) the difference between self-reported and device-based, measured PA and 2) whether PA differences between age and gender groups obtained by two methods are comparable. METHODS Participants aged 6-17 years were randomly chosen and data were collected representatively at 167 sample points throughout Germany within the Motorik-Modul Study. PA of n = 2694 participants (52.3% female) was measured using the ActiGraph accelerometer (ACC) and a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ). The sample was divided into three age groups (6-10 yrs. n = 788, 11-13 yrs. n = 823, 14-17 yrs. n = 1083). Numbers of days per week with at least 60 min moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) were analyzed for both methods. RESULTS Only every 25th respondent (4%) reaches the WHO standard of 60 min MVPA every day if measured with ACC. Self-reported PA was slightly higher (9%) (meanPAQ = 3.82 days; meanACC = 2.34 days; Fmethod = 915.85; p = <.001; fCohen = .64). The differences between the methods are significantly smaller in younger children than in the older age groups (Fage = 264.2, p < .001; fCohen = .48). The older the subjects are, the lower is the proportion of those who meet the WHO guideline on each day, with girls meeting the guideline less frequently than boys in all age groups. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents living in Germany show a very low adherence to the WHO guideline on PA. While younger children are much more active with their free play, especially children over 10 years of age and especially girls should be the target of programs to increase PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Building 40.40, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Building 40.40, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simon Kolb
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Building 40.40, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen C E Schmidt
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Building 40.40, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Building 40.40, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kristin Manz
- Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Building 40.40, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Building 40.40, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Using a Telegram chatbot as cost-effective software infrastructure for ambulatory assessment studies with iOS and Android devices. Behav Res Methods 2020; 53:1107-1114. [PMID: 32989722 PMCID: PMC8219545 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present an innovative and cost-effective approach to run ambulatory assessment (AA) studies on participants’ smartphones via Telegram Messenger. Our approach works both for Android and iOS devices. The population of potential participants in a given country or region consists of all individuals who (a) are in possession of a smartphone, (b) are willing to install Telegram Messenger, and (c) live in an environment providing constant connection to the Internet. In our new approach to AA, participants are asked to subscribe to a Telegram chatbot that provides them with links to brief surveys at specified points in time in their everyday lives via short notifications. We developed a user-friendly Python script that allows for the flexible editing of the chatbot’s settings, e.g., the number of surveys per day. All common survey software designed for mobile devices can be used to present surveys to participants. This means that data collection takes place exclusively via the selected survey software, not via Telegram. With our approach, AA studies can be carried out among iOS and Android users cost-effectively and reliably while data security is ensured. Initial data from a pilot study show that studies of this kind are feasible, and the procedure is accepted by participants. Our Python script is licensed under General Public License (GPLv3) and therefore freely available and editable: https://github.com/Raze97/Telegram-Survey-Bot
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Maggio ABR, Martin X, Steiger C, Tabard-Fougère A, Dayer R, Delhumeau C, Ceroni D. Do teenagers return to normal physical activity levels after limb fractures? A longitudinal, accelerometry-based, activity monitoring study. J Child Orthop 2019; 13:575-581. [PMID: 31908674 PMCID: PMC6924123 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.13.190082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate whether levels of physical activity (PA) return to normal after bone healing or whether long-term behavioural changes in PA are to be expected in children and teenagers who have sustained limb fractures. METHODS In all, 100 children and teenagers with a first episode of limb fracture and 100 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (CTRL) were recruited for a prospective study. PA in limb fracture patients was assessed at 18-month follow-up using accelerometer measurements, and values were compared with those of CTRL. Time spent in PA at different levels of intensity was determined for each participant and expressed in minutes and as a percentage of total validly measured time. RESULTS Mean levels of PA at different levels of intensity by previously injured children and teenagers were similar than CTRL (42 sets of paired data). However, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was lower than 60 minutes among limb-fracture patients at 18-month follow-up. CONCLUSION The amount of skeletal loading in children and teenagers returns to normal values by 18 months after limb fracture. Even if time spent in MVPA is not significantly lower in children and teenagers with limb fractures, it no longer reached the international recommendations for school-aged children (MVPA > 60 minutes), which may be interpreted as a lifestyle modification or a behavioural change to avoid new trauma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. R. Maggio
- Health and movement consultation, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University of Geneva Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - X. Martin
- Pediatric Orthopedic Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University of Geneva Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland,Clinical Epidemiology Service, Department of Child and Adolescent, University of Geneva Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Steiger
- Pediatric Orthopedic Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University of Geneva Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Tabard-Fougère
- Pediatric Orthopedic Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University of Geneva Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland,Correspondence should be sent to A. Tabard-Fougère, Pediatric Orthopedic Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, Children’s Hospital, 6 Rue Willy Donzé, 1211 Geneva 14 / Switzerland. E-mail:
| | - R. Dayer
- Pediatric Orthopedic Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University of Geneva Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Delhumeau
- Clinical Epidemiology Service, Department of Child and Adolescent, University of Geneva Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Ceroni
- Pediatric Orthopedic Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University of Geneva Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Juelich J, Lindseth G, Petros TV. The effects of sleep on neurobehavioral outcomes. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2019; 33:51-57. [PMID: 31711594 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janell Juelich
- 430 Oxford St, Stop 9025, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9025, United States of America.
| | - Glenda Lindseth
- 430 Oxford St, Stop 9025, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9025, United States of America.
| | - Thomas V Petros
- 430 Oxford St, Stop 9025, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9025, United States of America.
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Eyskens JB, Illegems J, De Nil L, Nijs J, Kampen JK, Moorkens G. Assessing chronic fatigue syndrome: Self-reported physical functioning and correlations with physical testing. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 23:598-603. [PMID: 31563377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains unclear; no biomarkers have thus far been identified or physical tests designed to underpin its diagnosis. Assessment mainly uses Fukuda's criteria and is based on the exclusion of symptoms related to other diseases/syndromes, subjective self-reporting, and outcomes of self-report questionnaires. In order to improve the baseline assessment and progress evaluation of individuals suspected of CFS and using an association-oriented research strategy and a cross-correlational design, this study investigates possible associations between the performance on two physical tests, i.e. 'Timed Loaded Standing' (TLS), assessing trunk-arm endurance, and the 'Stops Walking with Eyes Closed while performing a secondary Cognitive Task' (SWECCT), measuring impaired automaticity of gait, and the results of two self-report questionnaires, the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS, total score and fatigue subscale score) and the physical functioning and vitality subscales of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to gauge the participants' subjective feelings of fatigue and beliefs regarding their abilities to perform daily-life activities. Comparisons of the outcomes obtained in 27 female patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CFS revealed that trunk-arm endurance as measured with the TLS correlated with the SF-36 physical functioning subscale only (raw p value: 0.004). None of the other correlations were statistically significant. It is concluded that the TLS may have potential as an objective assessment tool to support the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment effects in CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B Eyskens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Rijsenbergstraat 31, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Jela Illegems
- Behaviour Therapy Division for Fatigue and Functional Symptoms, Department of Internal Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Luc De Nil
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Denderbelle, Belgium
| | - Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion Research Group, Department of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels) Belgium, Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jarl K Kampen
- StatUA, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biometris, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Greta Moorkens
- Head Department of Internal Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Holtmann M, Mokros L, Kirschbaum-Lesch I, Kölch M, Plener PL, Ruckes C, Schulte-Markwort M, Legenbauer T. Adolescent depression: Study protocol for a randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter parallel group trial of Bright Light Therapy in a naturalistic inpatient setting (DeLight). Trials 2018; 19:568. [PMID: 30340625 PMCID: PMC6194631 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders are among the most prominent health problems in youth. Even with the best available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, remission rates are low. Without early treatment, depression in youth is associated with a high risk of symptom progression, chronicity, co-morbidity, and suicidal behavior. Thus, adolescent depression is a prime candidate for innovation in treatment. In depressive adults, meta-analytic evidence has proven that bright light therapy (BLT) is a potent low-threshold intervention, promising due to easy application, low side effects, and optimized compliance. In adolescents, studies with small samples show promising effects. This randomized controlled trial will examine the effectiveness of BLT in youth inpatients. METHODS/DESIGN In this randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter parallel group trial, morning BLT is applied for four weeks in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) for depressed youth inpatients (daily morning exposure to bright light via light-emitting glasses, 10,000 lx, for 30 min) and will be compared to a control condition (placebo light treatment, red light, identical light glasses). The primary objective is to assess whether BLT reduces symptoms of depression in youth with greater effect compared to placebo light therapy. Secondary objectives are to examine the impact of BLT on responder status, application of antidepressant medication, and further depression-related symptoms (sleep, activity, quality of life, satisfaction with health, general psychopathology, alertness, and circadian function). N = 224 patients will be recruited in a naturalistic inpatient setting. A follow-up will be carried out after three and six months. DISCUSSION The study aims to discuss and evaluate BLT as an additive method supporting standardized clinical procedures dealing with severe to moderate depressive symptoms in youth. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00013188 . Registered on November 30, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holtmann
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital Hamm of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Heithofer Allee 64, 59071 Hamm, Germany
| | - Laura Mokros
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital Hamm of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Heithofer Allee 64, 59071 Hamm, Germany
| | - Inken Kirschbaum-Lesch
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital Hamm of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Heithofer Allee 64, 59071 Hamm, Germany
| | - Michael Kölch
- Department Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Paul L. Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Ruckes
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Trials, Mainz University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Legenbauer
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital Hamm of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Heithofer Allee 64, 59071 Hamm, Germany
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The Relationships between Life Satisfaction and Sleep Quality, Sleep Duration and Variability of Sleep in University Students. JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.5334/jeps.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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10
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Jeon HJ, Ha JH, Ryu SH, Yu J, Park DH. Reversed Hand Movement during Sleep in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:884-890. [PMID: 30184612 PMCID: PMC6166035 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.08.07.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous findings suggest that hand movement laterality is reversed during sleep. The present study aimed to verify this phenomenon and evaluate whether the extent of reversal is correlated with the severity of sleep apnea. METHODS A total of 184 participants (mean age: 44.5±13.0 years; 81.5% males) wore actigraphs on both hands during sleep, and nocturnal polysomnography was simultaneously performed. RESULTS Actigraphic indices of hand movement were significantly higher for the left hand than those for the right hand (p<0.001), including total activity score, mean activity score, mean score in active periods and fragmentation index. Additionally, calculated differences between the fragmentation index for the left versus right hands were significantly correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, r=0.149, p=0.032). The AHI was not significantly correlated with differences in hand movement between both hands movement assessed by total activity score (r=0.004, p=0.957), mean activity score (r=0.011, p=0.876), mean score in active periods (r=-0.080, p=0.255). CONCLUSION More severe symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea was associated with larger degree of hand movement reversal at night. This result support the theory that homeostatic deactivation occurs in the dominant hemisphere during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehak Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Heum Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Working Memory and Motor Activity: A Comparison Across Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Healthy Control Groups. Behav Ther 2018; 49:419-434. [PMID: 29704970 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Converging findings from recent research suggest a functional relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related hyperactivity and demands on working memory (WM) in both children and adults. Excessive motor activity such as restlessness and fidgeting are not pathognomonic symptoms of ADHD, however, and are often associated with other diagnoses such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Further, previous research indicates that anticipatory processing associated with anxiety can directly interfere with storage and rehearsal processes of WM. The topographical similarity of excessive motor activity seen in both ADHD and anxiety disorders, as well as similar WM deficits, may indicate a common relationship between WM deficits and increased motor activity. The relationship between objectively measured motor activity (actigraphy) and PH and visuospatial WM demands in adults with ADHD (n = 21), adults with GAD (n = 21), and healthy control adults (n = 20) was examined. Although all groups exhibited significant increases in activity from control to WM conditions, the ADHD group exhibited a disproportionate increase in activity, while activity exhibited by the GAD and healthy control groups was not different. Findings indicate that ADHD-related hyperactivity is uniquely related to WM demands, and appear to suggest that adults with GAD are no more active relative to healthy control adults during a cognitively demanding laboratory task.
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Henry M, Ross IL, Wolf PSA, Thomas KGF. Impaired quality and efficiency of sleep impairs cognitive functioning in Addison's disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 78:237-245. [PMID: 28235729 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard replacement therapy for Addison's disease (AD) does not restore a normal circadian rhythm. Periods of sub- and supra- physiological cortisol levels experienced by patients with AD likely induce disrupted sleep. Given that healthy sleep plays an important role in memory consolidation, the novelty of the current study was to characterise, using objective measures, the relationship between sleep and memory in patients with AD, and to examine the hypothesis that poor sleep is a biological mechanism underlying memory impairment in those patients. METHODS We used a within-subjects design. Ten patients with AD and 10 matched healthy controls completed standardised neuropsychological tests assessing declarative memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) and procedural memory (Finger Tapping Task) before and after a period of actigraphy-measured sleep, and before and after a period of waking. RESULTS Relative to healthy controls, patients with AD experienced disrupted sleep characterised by poorer sleep efficiency and more time spent awake. Patients also showed impaired verbal learning and memory relative to healthy controls (p=0.007). Furthermore, whereas healthy controls' declarative memory performance benefited from a period of sleep compared to waking (p=0.032), patients with AD derived no such benefit from sleep (p=0.448). Regarding the procedural memory task, analyses detected no significant between-group differences (all p's<0.065), and neither group showed significant sleep-enhanced performance. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated, using actigraphy and standardized measures of memory performance, an association between sleep disturbances and cognitive deficits in patients with AD. These results suggest that, in patients with AD, the source of memory deficits is, at least to some extent, disrupted sleep patterns that interfere with optimal consolidation of previously-learned declarative information. Hence, treating the sleep disturbances that are frequently experienced by patients with AD may improve their cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Henry
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ian Louis Ross
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Bauldoff GS, Ryan-Wenger NA, Diaz PT. Wrist Actigraphy Validation of Exercise Movement in COPD. West J Nurs Res 2016; 29:789-802. [PMID: 17636244 DOI: 10.1177/0193945906297371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A wrist actigraph is a device used in sleep research studies to measure whole body movements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, sensitivity, and validity of wrist actigraphy during pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) upper-extremity exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. In this study, 20 patients wore Octagonal Basic Motionlogger® actigraphs during two 90-minute PR sessions while the investigator recorded details of the subject's upper-extremity movements. Concurrent validity with supervised exercise records was supported for upper-extremity endurance (UEE) intensity at baseline ( r = .885, p < .001) and 1 week ( r = .935, p < .001). Criterion validity was supported for UEE ( r = .56, p = .01) and combined lower- and upper-extremity resistance ( r = .72, p < .01) compared with rank-ordered type of exercise. Wrist actigraphy is shown to be a feasible, sensitive, and valid instrument to measure upper-extremity movement during PR in COPD patients.
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Abstract
This study examined the effects of macronutrient diets on sleep quantity and quality. Using a repeated-measures, randomized crossover study design, 36 young adults served as their own control, and consumed high protein, carbohydrate, fat, and control diets. Treatment orders were counterbalanced across the dietary groups. Following consumption of the study diets, sleep measures were examined for within-subject differences. Fatty acid intakes and serum lipids were further analyzed for differences. Sleep actigraphs indicated wake times and wake minutes (after sleep onset) were significantly different when comparing consumption of macronutrient diets and a control diet. Post hoc testing indicated high carbohydrate intakes were associated with significantly shorter (p < .001) wake times. Also, the Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index© post hoc results indicated high fat intake was associated with significantly better (p < .05) sleep in comparison with the other diets. These results highlight the effects that dietary manipulations may have on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Murray
- Minnesota State Community and Technical College, Detroit Lakes, MN, USA
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15
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Su CC, Su PY, Wang SY, Lin CC. Circadian rhythm mediates the relationship between physical activity and quality of life in younger and older cancer survivors. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:1417-26. [PMID: 26588724 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) improves the quality of life (QoL) of cancer survivors. However, the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between PA and QoL are unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the relationship between PA and QoL differs in younger and older cancer survivors and whether circadian rhythm (CR) mediates this relationship. We also explored the effect of the CR on QoL. The participants were 235 cancer survivors, comprising 143 younger and 92 older patients. Data were collected using the Taiwanese versions of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and Short Form-36. The robustness and stability of the CR were measured using an actigraph. Mediation was tested using multiple mediation analyses. The CR mediated the relationship between PA and the physical domain of QoL in younger and older cancer survivors (23% and 59% mediating effects, respectively). The CR partially mediated the effect of PA on the mental dimension of QoL in older cancer survivors (36% mediating effect), but not in younger cancer survivors. Cancer survivors with a more robust CR had a significantly higher QoL, particularly in the physical functioning domain (d = 0.43, p < 0.001). The results provided evidence that the CR mediated the relationship between PA and QoL. Moreover, this mediating effect differed in younger and older cancer survivors. These results can serve as a reference for designing individualized PA programs for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ching Su
- a Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan .,b School of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management , Chia Yi County , Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Su
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Wang
- d Loretto Heights School of Nursing, Regis University , Denver , CO , USA , and
| | - Chia-Chin Lin
- e School of Nursing, College of Nursing , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
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16
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Hudec KL, Alderson RM, Patros CHG, Lea SE, Tarle SJ, Kasper LJ. Hyperactivity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The role of executive and non-executive functions. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 45-46:103-109. [PMID: 26232202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Motor activity of boys (age 8-12 years) with (n=19) and without (n=18) ADHD was objectively measured with actigraphy across experimental conditions that varied with regard to demands on executive functions. Activity exhibited during two n-back (1-back, 2-back) working memory tasks was compared to activity during a choice-reaction time (CRT) task that placed relatively fewer demands on executive processes and during a simple reaction time (SRT) task that required mostly automatic processing with minimal executive demands. Results indicated that children in the ADHD group exhibited greater activity compared to children in the non-ADHD group. Further, both groups exhibited the greatest activity during conditions with high working memory demands, followed by the reaction time and control task conditions, respectively. The findings indicate that large-magnitude increases in motor activity are predominantly associated with increased demands on working memory, though demands on non-executive processes are sufficient to elicit small to moderate increases in motor activity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Hudec
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, United States
| | - R Matt Alderson
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, United States.
| | | | - Sarah E Lea
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, United States
| | | | - Lisa J Kasper
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, United States
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17
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Young L, Barnason S, Do V. Promoting self-management through adherence among heart failure patients discharged from rural hospitals: a study protocol. F1000Res 2014; 3:317. [PMID: 25844160 PMCID: PMC4367517 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5998.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in adults, leading to prolonged morbidity, repeated hospitalizations, and placing tremendous economic burden on the healthcare system. Heart failure patients discharged from rural hospitals, or primarily critical access hospitals, have higher 30-day readmission and mortality rates compared to patients discharged from urban hospitals. Self-management improves heart failure patients’ health outcomes and reduces re-hospitalizations, but adherence to self-management guidelines is low. We propose a home based post-acute care service managed by advanced practice nurses to enhance patient activation and lead to the improvement of self-management adherence in heart failure patients discharged from rural hospitals. Objective This article describes the study design and research methods used to implement and evaluate the intervention. Method Our intervention is a 12-week patient activation (Patient AcTivated Care at Home [PATCH]) to improve self-management adherence. Patients were randomized into two parallel groups (12-week PATCH intervention + usual care vs. usual care only) to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Discussion This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a rural theory based, advance practice nurse led, activation enhancing intervention on the self-management adherence in heart failure patients residing in rural areas. Our expectation is to facilitate adherence to self-management behaviors in heart failure patients following discharge from rural hospitals and decrease complications and hospital readmissions, leading to the reduction of economic burden. Clinical Trial Registration Information: ClinicalTrials.gov;
https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/ NCT01964053
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufei Young
- College of Nursing-Lincoln Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0220, USA
| | - Sue Barnason
- College of Nursing-Lincoln Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0220, USA
| | - Van Do
- Department of Health Services Research & Administration College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4350, USA
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18
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Glass L, Graham DM, Deweese BN, Jones KL, Riley EP, Mattson SN. Correspondence of parent report and laboratory measures of inattention and hyperactivity in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 42:43-50. [PMID: 24512965 PMCID: PMC3989839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical research and practice support a multi-method approach to validating behavioral problems in children. We examined whether parent-reported symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention (using the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale) were substantiated by objective laboratory measures [hyperactivity measured by wrist-worn actigraphy (ACT) and inattention assessed using a 20-minute continuous performance task (CPT)] in three age- and demographically-matched groups of school-age children: children with prenatal alcohol exposure (AE), non-exposed children with idiopathic ADHD (ADHD), and controls (CON). Results indicated that the clinical groups (AE, ADHD) had significantly higher parent-reported levels for both domains compared to the CON group, and did not differ from each other. On the laboratory measures, the clinical groups were more inattentive than controls on the CPT, but did not differ from each other. In contrast, the ADHD group had higher objective activity on the ACT than AE and CON, which did not differ from each other. Thus, laboratory measures differentially validated parent reports in a group-dependent manner. Actigraphy substantiated parent-reported hyperactivity for children in the ADHD group but not for children in the AE group, while the CPT validated parent-reported inattention for both clinical groups. Although the majority of children in the AE group met the criteria for ADHD, objective activity levels were not different from controls, indicating that hyperactivity may be a less prominent feature in the AE group. Thus, while there is considerable overlap between the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and ADHD, differences in behavioral profiles may be clinically useful in differential diagnosis. Further, these data indicate that objective measures should be used to validate parent reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Glass
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6330 Alvarado Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Diana M Graham
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6330 Alvarado Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Benjamin N Deweese
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6330 Alvarado Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Kenneth Lyons Jones
- University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Edward P Riley
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6330 Alvarado Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
| | - Sarah N Mattson
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6330 Alvarado Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
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19
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Measurement of physical activity in cancer survivors: a validity study. J Cancer Surviv 2013; 8:205-12. [PMID: 24317970 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-013-0325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to validate the Taiwanese version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE-T) and to assess physical activity in Taiwanese cancer survivors. METHODS One hundred twenty-seven cancer survivors participated in this study. Instruments consisted of the PASE-T, the Taiwanese version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-T), Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and actigraph. Reliability was assessed by calculating the test-retest reliability. The validity was assessed by the content validity, criterion-related validity, convergent validity, and known-group validity. RESULTS The test-retest reliability of PASE-T was 0.90 over a 2-week interval, based on a sample of 30 patients. The content validity index was very acceptable at 0.91. Convergent validity was demonstrated by its significant association with MDASI-T scores (symptom severity: r = -0.23, p = 0.001; symptom interference: r = -0.21, p = 0.001) and KPS scores (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). Criterion-related validity was established by a significant relationship to the actigraph total counts per minute (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). Known-group validity was established by its ability to detect significant differences according to a patient's performance status. Moreover, KPS (β = 0.37), fatigue (β = -0.32), and age (β = -0.20) were significant predictors of physical activity (R(2) = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS The PASE-T is a reliable and valid instrument for measurement of physical activity among cancer survivors in Taiwan. IMPLICATION FOR CANCER SURVIVORS This scale could be a useful measure of physical activity in cancer survivors and subsequently facilitate the quality of oncology care.
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Bernhofer EI, Higgins PA, Daly BJ, Burant CJ, Hornick TR. Hospital lighting and its association with sleep, mood and pain in medical inpatients. J Adv Nurs 2013; 70:1164-73. [PMID: 24164506 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe light exposure, sleep-wake patterns, mood, pain and their relationships in adult medical inpatients. BACKGROUND The hospital environment may contribute to patient discomfort by providing a lighting structure that interferes with circadian rhythmicity, sleep, mood and pain. DESIGN A descriptive correlational design was used in this preliminary study. METHODS Between May 2011-April 2012, data were collected from a convenience sample of 23 women and 17 men admitted to a large academically affiliated hospital in the United States. Over 72 hours, light exposure and sleep-wake patterns were continuously measured with wrist actigraph/light meters for each participant. Mood was measured daily using the Profile Of Mood States Brief™ Form. Subjective pain scores were abstracted from medical records. RESULTS Light exposure levels were low: mean daytime light intensity was 104·80 lux. Sleep time was fragmented and low: mean 236·35 minutes of sleep/night. Intra-daily stability scores indicated little sleep-wake synchronization with light. Fatigue and total mood disturbance scores were high and inversely associated with light. Pain levels were also high and positively associated with fatigue, but not directly with light exposure. Low light exposure significantly predicted fatigue and total mood disturbance. CONCLUSION Medical inpatients were exposed to light levels insufficient for circadian entrainment. Nevertheless, higher light exposure was associated with less fatigue and lower total mood disturbance in participants with pain, suggesting the need for further investigation to determine if manipulating light exposure for medical inpatients would be beneficial in affecting sleep-wake disturbances, mood and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther I Bernhofer
- Office of Research and Innovation, Nursing Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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21
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the nutritional effects on sleep using actigraphy measures. A repeated-measures, counterbalanced, crossover study design was used to administer treatment diets to 44 adult participants. Participants served as their own control and consumed high-protein, high-fat, high-carbohydrate, and control diets. The study participants wore Motionlogger Actigraph sleep watches while consuming weighed food intakes for 4 days over four different treatment periods. Demographic and laboratory data were also analyzed. Actigraph results showed that the wake episodes and sleep latencies were significantly different when comparing the macronutrient intakes of the participants. Post hoc test results showed that high-protein diets were associated with significantly fewer (p = .03) wake episodes and high-carbohydrate diets were associated with significantly shorter (p < .01) sleep latencies than control diets. Thus, consumption of specific macronutrient intakes may have a significant influence on sleep.
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22
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Licht CA, Tryon WW. Are Children Diagnosed With the Combined Form of ADHD Pervasively Hyperactive? Behav Modif 2009; 33:655-81. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445509344167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic criteria specified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV-TR ; American Psychological Association [APA], 2000) require that motor excess be present across situations, at home and school, in order to establish that this condition is a characteristic of the child. The article discusses a study whose primary purpose was to use actigraphy to validate teacher and parent reports of hyperactivity at home and school. Continuous activity measurements were recorded for each minute of each 24-hr period (1,440 measurements per child per day) for a full 7-day week, during school and at home, on 9 children clinically diagnosed with the combined form of ADHD and 9 control children clinically examined at the same community mental health clinic and determined not to meet diagnostic criteria. The article highlights that the children with ADHD had not yet started medication, and the study findings reveal that only 1 of 9 children diagnosed with the combined form of ADHD was measurably pervasively hyperactive as DSM-IV-TR inclusion criteria require. Implications are discussed.
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Abstract
Behavior is central to psychology in almost any definition. Although observable activity is a core aspect of behavior, assessment strategies have tended to focus on emotional, cognitive, or physiological responses. When physical activity is assessed, it is done so mostly with questionnaires. Converging evidence of only a moderate association between self-reports of physical activity and objectively measured physical activity does raise questions about the validity of these self-reports. Ambulatory activity monitoring, defined as the measurement strategy to assess physical activity, posture, and movement patterns continuously in everyday life, has made major advances over the last decade and has considerable potential for further application in the assessment of observable activity, a core aspect of behavior. With new piezoresistive sensors and advanced computer algorithms, the objective measurement of physical activity, posture, and movement is much more easily achieved and measurement precision has improved tremendously. With this overview, we introduce to the reader some recent developments in ambulatory activity monitoring. We will elucidate the discrepancies between objective and subjective reports of activity, outline recent methodological developments, and offer the reader a framework for developing insight into the state of the art in ambulatory activity-monitoring technology, discuss methodological aspects of time-based design and psychometric properties, and demonstrate recent applications. Although not yet main stream, ambulatory activity monitoring – especially in combination with the simultaneous assessment of emotions, mood, or physiological variables – provides a comprehensive methodology for psychology because of its suitability for explaining behavior in context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B.J. Bussmann
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Actigraph data are reliable, with functional reliability increasing with aggregation. Behav Res Methods 2008; 40:873-8. [PMID: 18697683 DOI: 10.3758/brm.40.3.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Motion sensor devices such as actigraphs are increasingly used in studies that seek to obtain an objective assessment of activity level. They have many advantages, and are useful additions to research in fields such as sleep assessment, drug efficacy, behavior genetics, and obesity. However, questions still remain over the reliability of data collected using actigraphic assessment. We aimed to apply generalizability theory to actigraph data collected on a large, general-population sample in middle childhood, during 8 cognitive tasks across two body loci, and to examine reliability coefficients on actigraph data aggregated across different numbers of tasks and different numbers of attachment loci. Our analyses show that aggregation greatly increases actigraph data reliability, with reliability coefficients on data collected at one body locus during 1 task (.29) being much lower than that aggregated across data collected on two body loci and during 8 tasks (.66). Further increases in reliability coefficients by aggregating across four loci and 12 tasks were estimated to be modest in prospective analyses, indicating an optimum trade-off between data collection and reliability estimates. We also examined possible instrumental effects on actigraph data and found these to be nonsignificant, further supporting the reliability and validity of actigraph data as a method of activity level assessment.
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Rowe M, McCrae C, Campbell J, Horne C, Tiegs T, Lehman B, Cheng J. Actigraphy in older adults: comparison of means and variability of three different aggregates of measurement. Behav Sleep Med 2008; 6:127-45. [PMID: 18443950 DOI: 10.1080/15402000801952872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Actigraphy has emerged as a valuable method for measuring natural sleep patterns; however, it is unclear how many consecutive nights should be measured and what sleep parameter values are typical of older adults. This study examined sleep in relatively healthy community-based older adults for 14 consecutive days. The findings present comparison values for Actiwatch-L actigraphy in older adults, and can be used to determine an appropriate length of measurement. When using means of the aggregate period, a 3-day aggregate is comparable to the values obtained over 7- or 14-day aggregates. However, if variability of the sleep parameter is of interest, a minimum of a 7-day aggregate is needed, and 14-day aggregates are better when measuring sleep onset latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredeth Rowe
- Department of Adult and Elderly Nursing, University of Florida, College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA.
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Tryon WW, Tryon GS, Kazlausky T, Gruen W, Swanson JM. Reducing hyperactivity with a feedback actigraph: initial findings. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006; 11:607-17. [PMID: 17163228 DOI: 10.1177/1359104506067881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Schulman and colleagues demonstrated that classroom activity level can be reduced in hyperactive boys using activity-level feedback and positive reinforcement. This article reports preliminary results using a device that combines modern beeper and actigraphy technology for the purpose of measuring, monitoring, and modifying motor excess in children with confirmed diagnoses of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Nine boys ranging in age from 8 to 9 years with the ADHD Combined Type wore prototype BuzzBee feedback actigraphs during school periods and were reinforced for activity-level reductions in the context of a simple pre/post research design. The findings indicated that 7 of the 9 boys reduced their activity level from 20 to 47% of baseline levels while the activity levels of the two remaining boys increased from 2 to 7% of baseline levels. These changes were statistically significant and constitute a large effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W Tryon
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458-993, USA.
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