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Vargas-Vargas IL, Pérez-Hernández E, González D, Rosetti MF, Contreras-Galindo J, Roldán-Roldán G. Evidence of long-term allocentric spatial memory in the Terrestrial Hermit Crab Coenobita compressus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293358. [PMID: 37883496 PMCID: PMC10602228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial learning is a complex cognitive skill and ecologically important trait scarcely studied in crustaceans. We investigated the ability of the Pacific (Ecuadorian) hermit crab Coenobita compressus, to learn an allocentric spatial task using a palatable novel food as reward. Crabs were trained to locate the reward in a single session of eleven consecutive trials and tested subsequently, for short- (5 min) and long-term memory 1, 3 and 7 days later. Our results indicate that crabs were able to learn the location of the reward as they showed a reduction in the time required to find the food whenever it was present, suggesting a visuo-spatial and olfactory cue-guided task resolution. Moreover, crabs also remember the location of the reward up to 7 days after training using spatial cues only (without the food), as evidenced by the longer investigation time they spent in the learned food location than in any other part of the experimental arena, suggesting a visuo-spatial memory formation. This study represents the first description of allocentric spatial long-term memory in a terrestrial hermit crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Lorena Vargas-Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Estefany Pérez-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos Francisco Rosetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto National de Psiquiatría, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriel Roldán-Roldán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Suryanto ME, Luong CT, Vasquez RD, Roldan MJM, Hung CH, Ger TR, Hsiao CD. Using crayfish behavior assay as a simple and sensitive model to evaluate potential adverse effects of water pollution: Emphasis on antidepressants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115507. [PMID: 37742575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii is an excellent aquatic animal model that is highly adaptable and tolerant. P. clarkii is widely used as a toxicity model to study various pharmaceutical exposure. This animal model has complex behavioral traits and is considered sensitive to environmental changes, making it an excellent candidate to study psychoactive drugs based on a behavioral approach. However, up to now, most behavioral studies on crayfish use manual observation and scoring that require panelists. In this study, we aim to develop an automation pipeline to analyze crayfish behavior automatically. We use a deep-learning approach to label body parts in multiple crayfish, and based on the trajectory results, the intra- or inter-individual crayfish were calculated. Reliable and fast results of several behavior endpoints in multiple crayfish were retrieved. We then validated the detection performance of numerous crayfish in specific gender groups (male-male and female-female). Based on the result, the male crayfish displayed significantly higher aggression than females. We also tested the antidepressant exposure on this animal model to evaluate the psychoactive effects of this drug. As male crayfish display more distinct agonistic behavior than females, we exposed them to sertraline (SRT) 1 ppb for 7 and 14 days. It was revealed that sertraline was able to alter several behavioral endpoints in crayfish. Significant increases in extend claw ratio, total distance moved, average speed, and rapid movement were displayed in sertraline-exposed crayfish but decreased interaction time and longest interaction time. In addition, SRT 14 days exposure could atler the aggressiveness and bold behavior In the present method, DeepLabCut (DLC) has been utilized to analyze the locomotion behavior of multiple crayfish. This established method provides rapid and accurate ecotoxicity measurements using freshwater crayfish, which beneficient and applicable for environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Edbert Suryanto
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Cao Thang Luong
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan
| | - Ross D Vasquez
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, the Philippines; The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, the Philippines; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, the Philippines
| | - Marri Jmelou M Roldan
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, the Philippines; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila 1015, the Philippines
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan.
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Elwood RW. Discrimination between nociceptive reflexes and more complex responses consistent with pain in crustaceans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190368. [PMID: 31544604 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals have quick-acting nociceptive reflexes that protect them from tissue damage. Some taxa have also evolved the capacity for pain. Pain appears to be linked to long-term changes in motivation brought about by the aversive nature of the experience. Pain presumably enhances long-term protection through behaviour modification based, in part, on memory. However, crustaceans have long been viewed as responding purely by reflex and thus not experiencing pain. This paper considers behavioural and physiological criteria that distinguish nociception from potential pain in this taxon. These include trade-offs with other motivational systems and prolonged motivational change. Complex, prolonged grooming or rubbing demonstrate the perception of the specific site of stimulus application. Recent evidence of fitness-enhancing, anxiety-like states is also consistent with the idea of pain. Physiological changes in response to noxious stimuli mediate some of the behavioural change. Rapid avoidance learning and prolonged memory indicate central processing rather than mere reflexes. Thus, available data go beyond the idea of just nociception. However, the impossibility of total proof of pain described in ways appropriate for our own species means that pain in crustaceans is still disputed. Pain in animals should be defined in ways that do not depend on human pain experience. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Elwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Abstract
Recognizing addiction as a phenomenon with deep evolutionary roots grants valuable new perspectives into understanding its behavioral features, as well as its underlying neural mechanisms and genetic architecture. Although now generally misbranded as "human drugs of abuse," addictive plant alkaloids originally arose as potent chemical defenses against insect herbivory. The products of this evolutionary arms race, compounds such as nicotine, cathinone, or morphine, target essential biological mechanisms for motivation and learning and act as weaponized disruptors. Human vulnerabilities to these addictive drugs may thus represent little more than collateral damage arising from deep homology, i.e., shared biological implementation of behavioral functions with taxa that trace back to the early divergence of bilateral metazoans. Consistent with such a view, invertebrate preparations exhibit a rich spectrum of behavioral and neural consequences in response to drug exposure. Although there is certainly evidence for addiction-like phenomena in many invertebrate lineages, the present review focuses attention primarily on our recent work in crayfish. Using this decapod crustacean model, we have characterized a range of amphetamines, cathinones, and opioids for evidence of unconditioned intoxication, sympathomimetic properties, psychostimulant sensitization, conditioned cue learning, and operant self-administration. Overall, our findings on drug-sensitive reward in crayfish bear striking similarities to equivalent phenomena illustrated in mammals. Experimentally tractable invertebrate models may thus provide fundamental insights into the homo- and paralogous mechanisms mediating responses to addictive drugs, while illuminating the limits of such contrasts.
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Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that animals use both environmental cues and egocentric information when orienting in mazes or nature. These two strategies have been examined separately in some species, yielding information on the specific properties associated with each. We examined spatial learning in crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) using an apparatus that required animals to orient under four different conditions: using egocentric (response) cues alone, response cues with inconsistent external (place) cues present, place cues with inconsistent response cues present, and place cues with consistent response cues present. Results demonstrated that crayfish could successfully learn a maze task using response cues alone and when external visual and tactile cues provided inconsistent information. Animals were markedly less successful at learning the task using place cues while disregarding inconsistent response information. We also found that more animals learned successfully when response and external cues were presented in a redundant format where both cues indicated the correct turn. Finally, we found that some crayfish were able to learn a single reversal when trained using response information alone and when response and external cues were presented in the redundant format. We consider these results in the light of findings from other species, and ideas on learning strategy properties, ecological relevance of strategies, and the possible role of stress coping style in crayfish learning.
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Huber R, Imeh-Nathaniel A, Nathaniel TI, Gore S, Datta U, Bhimani R, Panksepp JB, Panksepp J, van Staaden MJ. Drug-sensitive Reward in Crayfish: Exploring the Neural Basis of Addiction with Automated Learning Paradigms. Behav Processes 2018; 152:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Datta U, van Staaden M, Huber R. Crayfish Self-Administer Amphetamine in a Spatially Contingent Task. Front Physiol 2018; 9:433. [PMID: 29867520 PMCID: PMC5961511 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural reward is an essential element of any organism’s ability to adapt to environmental variation. Its underlying circuits and mechanisms guide the learning process as they help associate an event, or cue, with the perception of an outcome’s value. More generally, natural reward serves as the fundamental generator of all motivated behavior. Addictive plant alkaloids are able to activate this circuitry in taxa ranging from planaria to humans. With modularly organized nervous systems and confirmed vulnerabilities to human drugs of abuse, crayfish have recently emerged as a compelling model for the study of the addiction cycle, including psychostimulant effects, sensitization, withdrawal, reinstatement, and drug reward in conditioned place preference paradigms. Here we extend this work with the demonstration of a spatially contingent, operant drug self-administration paradigm for amphetamine. When the animal enters a quadrant of the arena with a particular textured substrate, a computer-based control system delivers amphetamine through an indwelling fine-bore cannula. Resulting reward strength, dose-response, and the time course of operant conditioning were assessed. Individuals experiencing the drug contingent on their behavior, displayed enhanced rates of operant responses compared to that of their yoked (non-contingent) counterparts. Application of amphetamine near the supra-esophageal ganglion elicited stronger and more robust increases in operant responding than did systemic infusions. This work demonstrates automated implementation of a spatially contingent self-administration paradigm in crayfish, which provides a powerful tool to explore comparative perspectives in drug-sensitive reward, the mechanisms of learning underlying the addictive cycle, and phylogenetically conserved vulnerabilities to psychostimulant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Moira van Staaden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Robert Huber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
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