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Lee SM, Tibon R, Zeidman P, Yadav PS, Henson R. Effects of face repetition on ventral visual stream connectivity using dynamic causal modelling of fMRI data. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119708. [PMID: 36280098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus repetition normally causes reduced neural activity in brain regions that process that stimulus. Some theories claim that this "repetition suppression" reflects local mechanisms such as neuronal fatigue or sharpening within a region, whereas other theories claim that it results from changed connectivity between regions, following changes in synchrony or top-down predictions. In this study, we applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM) on a public fMRI dataset involving repeated presentations of faces and scrambled faces to test whether repetition affected local (self-connections) and/or between-region connectivity in left and right early visual cortex (EVC), occipital face area (OFA) and fusiform face area (FFA). Face "perception" (faces versus scrambled faces) modulated nearly all connections, within and between regions, including direct connections from EVC to FFA, supporting a non-hierarchical view of face processing. Face "recognition" (familiar versus unfamiliar faces) modulated connections between EVC and OFA/FFA, particularly in the left hemisphere. Most importantly, immediate and delayed repetition of stimuli were also best captured by modulations of connections between EVC and OFA/FFA, but not self-connections of OFA/FFA, consistent with synchronization or predictive coding theories, though also possibly reflecting local mechanisms like synaptic depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Mu Lee
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roni Tibon
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Zeidman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pranay S Yadav
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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2
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Expectations attenuate the negative influence of neural adaptation on the processing of novel stimuli: ERP evidence. Neuroscience 2022; 492:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Milleville SC, Gotts SJ, Wittig JH, Inati SK, Zaghloul KA, Martin A. Distinct deficits of repetition priming following lateral versus anteromedial frontal cortex damage. Neuropsychologia 2022; 170:108212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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López-Arango G, Deguire F, Côté V, Barlaam F, Agbogba K, Knoth IS, Lippé S. Infant repetition effects and change detection: Are they related to adaptive skills? Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7193-7213. [PMID: 34585451 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Repetition effects and change detection response have been proposed as neuro-electrophysiological correlates of fundamental learning processes. As such, they could be a good predictor of brain maturation and cognitive development. We recorded high density EEG in 71 healthy infants (32 females) aged between 3 and 9 months, while they listened to vowel sequences (standard /a/a/a/i/ [80%] and deviant /a/a/a/a/ [20%]). Adaptive skills, a surrogate of cognitive development, were measured via the parent form of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Second Edition (ABAS-II). Cortical auditory-evoked potentials (CAEPs) analyses, time-frequency analyses and a statistical approach using linear mixed models (LMMs) and linear regression models were performed. Age and adaptive skills were tested as predictors. Age modulation of repetition effects and change detection response was observed in theta (3-5 Hz), alpha (5-10 Hz) and high gamma (80-90 Hz) oscillations and in all CAEPs. Moreover, adaptive skills modulation of repetition effects was evidenced in theta (3-5 Hz), high gamma oscillations (80-90 Hz), N250/P350 peak-to-peak amplitude and P350 latency. Finally, adaptive skills modulation of change detection response was observed in the N250/P350 peak-to-peak amplitude. Our results confirm that repetition effects and change detection response evolve with age. Moreover, our results suggest that repetition effects and change detection response vary according to adaptive skills displayed by infants during the first year of life, demonstrating their predictive value for neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela López-Arango
- Neurosciences Department, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Deguire
- Psychology Department, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Côté
- Psychology Department, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fanny Barlaam
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristian Agbogba
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Inga S Knoth
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Psychology Department, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Gotts SJ, Milleville SC, Martin A. Enhanced inter-regional coupling of neural responses and repetition suppression provide separate contributions to long-term behavioral priming. Commun Biol 2021; 4:487. [PMID: 33879819 PMCID: PMC8058068 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus identification commonly improves with repetition over long delays ("repetition priming"), whereas neural activity commonly decreases ("repetition suppression"). Multiple models have been proposed to explain this brain-behavior relationship, predicting alterations in functional and/or effective connectivity (Synchrony and Predictive Coding models), in the latency of neural responses (Facilitation model), and in the relative similarity of neural representations (Sharpening model). Here, we test these predictions with fMRI during overt and covert naming of repeated and novel objects. While we find partial support for predictions of the Facilitation and Sharpening models in the left fusiform gyrus and left frontal cortex, the data were most consistent with the Synchrony model, with increased coupling between right temporoparietal and anterior cingulate cortex for repeated objects that correlated with priming magnitude across participants. Increased coupling and repetition suppression varied independently, each explaining unique variance in priming and requiring modifications of all current models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gotts
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Shawn C Milleville
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alex Martin
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Korzeniewska A, Wang Y, Benz HL, Fifer MS, Collard M, Milsap G, Cervenka MC, Martin A, Gotts SJ, Crone NE. Changes in human brain dynamics during behavioral priming and repetition suppression. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 189:101788. [PMID: 32198060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral responses to a perceptual stimulus are typically faster with repeated exposure to the stimulus (behavioral priming). This implicit learning mechanism is critical for survival but impaired in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Many studies of the neural bases for behavioral priming have encountered an interesting paradox: in spite of faster behavioral responses, repeated stimuli usually elicit weaker neural responses (repetition suppression). Several neurophysiological models have been proposed to resolve this paradox, but noninvasive techniques for human studies have had insufficient spatial-temporal precision for testing their predictions. Here, we used the unparalleled precision of electrocorticography (ECoG) to analyze the timing and magnitude of task-related changes in neural activation and propagation while patients named novel vs repeated visual objects. Stimulus repetition was associated with faster verbal responses and decreased neural activation (repetition suppression) in ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC) and left prefrontal cortex (LPFC). Interestingly, we also observed increased neural activation (repetition enhancement) in LPFC and other recording sites. Moreover, with analysis of high gamma propagation we observed increased top-down propagation from LPFC into VOTC, preceding repetition suppression. The latter results indicate that repetition suppression and behavioral priming are associated with strengthening of top-down network influences on perceptual processing, consistent with predictive coding models of repetition suppression, and they support a central role for changes in large-scale cortical dynamics in achieving more efficient and rapid behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA.
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Heather L Benz
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Matthew S Fifer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Max Collard
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Griffin Milsap
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Mackenzie C Cervenka
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Alex Martin
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
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Kark SM, Slotnick SD, Kensinger EA. Forgotten but not gone: FMRI evidence of implicit memory for negative stimuli 24 hours after the initial study episode. Neuropsychologia 2020; 136:107277. [PMID: 31783080 PMCID: PMC7012535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endel Tulving conducted pioneering work on the explicit and implicit memory systems and demonstrated that priming effects can be long-lasting. It is also well-established that emotion can amplify explicit and implicit memory. Prior work has utilized repetition suppression (RS) of the fMRI-BOLD signal-a reduction in the magnitude of activity over repeated presentations of stimuli-to index implicit memory. Using an explicit recognition memory paradigm, we examined emotional modulation of long-term implicit memory effects as revealed by repetition suppression (i.e., comparing second-exposure forgotten items to first-exposure correct rejections). Forty-seven participants incidentally encoded line-drawings of negative, positive, and neutral scenes followed by the full color image. Twenty-four hours later, participants underwent fMRI during a recognition memory test in which old and new line-drawings were presented. Implicit and explicit memory effects were defined by the contrasts of New-Correct Rejections > Old-Misses and Old-Hits > New-Correct Rejections, respectively. Wide-spread Negative RS was found in frontal and occipito-temporal cortex that was greater than Neutral RS in the right orbito-frontal cortex and inferior frontal gyri. Valence-specific Negative RS, compared to Positive RS, was observed in the left inferior occipital gyrus. There was no strong evidence for emotional modulation of amygdala RS, but functional connectivity analyses revealed valence-specificity: Negative and positive valence were associated with repetition suppression and repetition enhancement of amygdala-occipital connectivity, respectively. Negative implicit memory patterns in most frontal regions-but not occipital areas-overlapped with explicit memory effects. Thus, implicit memory effects for a single visual stimulus presentation are modulated by emotional valence, can be observed 24hours after initial exposure, and show some overlap with explicit memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Kark
- Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall Room 300, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall Room 300, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Kensinger
- Department of Psychology, McGuinn Hall Room 300, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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Himmer L, Schönauer M, Heib DPJ, Schabus M, Gais S. Rehearsal initiates systems memory consolidation, sleep makes it last. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1695. [PMID: 31032406 PMCID: PMC6482015 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
After encoding, memories undergo a transitional process termed systems memory consolidation. It allows fast acquisition of new information by the hippocampus, as well as stable storage in neocortical long-term networks, where memory is protected from interference. Whereas this process is generally thought to occur slowly over time and sleep, we recently found a rapid memory systems transition from hippocampus to posterior parietal cortex (PPC) that occurs over repeated rehearsal within one study session. Here, we use fMRI to demonstrate that this transition is stabilized over sleep, whereas wakefulness leads to a reset to naïve responses, such as observed during early encoding. The role of sleep therefore seems to go beyond providing additional rehearsal through memory trace reactivation, as previously thought. We conclude that repeated study induces systems consolidation, while sleep ensures that these transformations become stable and long lasting. Thus, sleep and repeated rehearsal jointly contribute to long-term memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Himmer
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Silcherstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Corresponding author. (M. Schönauer); (L.H.)
| | - M. Schönauer
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Silcherstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Corresponding author. (M. Schönauer); (L.H.)
| | - D. P. J. Heib
- University of Salzburg, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCNS), Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Hellbrunner Street 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - M. Schabus
- University of Salzburg, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCNS), Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Hellbrunner Street 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - S. Gais
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Silcherstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Schendan HE. Memory influences visual cognition across multiple functional states of interactive cortical dynamics. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Modelling the N400 brain potential as change in a probabilistic representation of meaning. Nat Hum Behav 2018; 2:693-705. [DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Using guitar learning to probe the Action Observation Network's response to visuomotor familiarity. Neuroimage 2017; 156:174-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Cheyette SJ, Plaut DC. Modeling the N400 ERP component as transient semantic over-activation within a neural network model of word comprehension. Cognition 2016; 162:153-166. [PMID: 27871623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of the N400 event-related brain potential has provided fundamental insights into the nature of real-time comprehension processes, and its amplitude is modulated by a wide variety of stimulus and context factors. It is generally thought to reflect the difficulty of semantic access, but formulating a precise characterization of this process has proved difficult. Laszlo and colleagues (Laszlo & Plaut, 2012; Laszlo & Armstrong, 2014) used physiologically constrained neural networks to model the N400 as transient over-activation within semantic representations, arising as a consequence of the distribution of excitation and inhibition within and between cortical areas. The current work extends this approach to successfully model effects on both N400 amplitudes and behavior of word frequency, semantic richness, repetition, semantic and associative priming, and orthographic neighborhood size. The account is argued to be preferable to one based on "implicit semantic prediction error" (Rabovsky & McRae, 2014) for a number of reasons, the most fundamental of which is that the current model actually produces N400-like waveforms in its real-time activation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Cheyette
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - David C Plaut
- Department of Psychology and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Abstract
The 15 articles in this special issue on The Representation of Concepts illustrate the rich variety of theoretical positions and supporting research that characterize the area. Although much agreement exists among contributors, much disagreement exists as well, especially about the roles of grounding and abstraction in conceptual processing. I first review theoretical approaches raised in these articles that I believe are Quixotic dead ends, namely, approaches that are principled and inspired but likely to fail. In the process, I review various theories of amodal symbols, their distortions of grounded theories, and fallacies in the evidence used to support them. Incorporating further contributions across articles, I then sketch a theoretical approach that I believe is likely to be successful, which includes grounding, abstraction, flexibility, explaining classic conceptual phenomena, and making contact with real-world situations. This account further proposes that (1) a key element of grounding is neural reuse, (2) abstraction takes the forms of multimodal compression, distilled abstraction, and distributed linguistic representation (but not amodal symbols), and (3) flexible context-dependent representations are a hallmark of conceptual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Barsalou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, UK.
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Abstract
How are the meanings of words, events, and objects represented and organized in the brain? This question, perhaps more than any other in the field, probes some of the deepest and most foundational puzzles regarding the structure of the mind and brain. Accordingly, it has spawned a field of inquiry that is diverse and multidisciplinary, has led to the discovery of numerous empirical phenomena, and has spurred the development of a wide range of theoretical positions. This special issue brings together the most recent theoretical developments from the leaders in the field, representing a range of viewpoints on issues of fundamental significance to a theory of meaning representation. Here we introduce the special issue by way of pulling out some key themes that cut across the contributions that form this issue and situating those themes in the broader literature. The core issues around which research on conceptual representation can be organized are representational format, representational content, the organization of concepts in the brain, and the processing dynamics that govern interactions between the conceptual system and sensorimotor representations. We highlight areas in which consensus has formed; for those areas in which opinion is divided, we seek to clarify the relation of theory and evidence and to set in relief the bridging assumptions that undergird current discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627-0268, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Language Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Gregory Hickok
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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