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Fernandez-Velasco P, Spiers HJ. Wayfinding across ocean and tundra: what traditional cultures teach us about navigation. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:56-71. [PMID: 37798182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on human navigation by psychologists and neuroscientists has come mainly from a limited range of environments and participants inhabiting western countries. By contrast, numerous anthropological accounts illustrate the diverse ways in which cultures adapt to their surrounding environment to navigate. Here, we provide an overview of these studies and relate them to cognitive science research. The diversity of cues in traditional navigation is much higher and multimodal compared with navigation experiments in the laboratory. It typically involves an integrated system of methods, drawing on a detailed understanding of the environmental cues, specific tools, and forms part of a broader cultural system. We highlight recent methodological developments for measuring navigation skill and modelling behaviour that will aid future research into how culture and environment shape human navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernandez-Velasco
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Department of Philosophy, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Hugo J Spiers
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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2
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Nota N, Trujillo JP, Holler J. Specific facial signals associate with categories of social actions conveyed through questions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288104. [PMID: 37467253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The early recognition of fundamental social actions, like questions, is crucial for understanding the speaker's intended message and planning a timely response in conversation. Questions themselves may express more than one social action category (e.g., an information request "What time is it?", an invitation "Will you come to my party?" or a criticism "Are you crazy?"). Although human language use occurs predominantly in a multimodal context, prior research on social actions has mainly focused on the verbal modality. This study breaks new ground by investigating how conversational facial signals may map onto the expression of different types of social actions conveyed through questions. The distribution, timing, and temporal organization of facial signals across social actions was analysed in a rich corpus of naturalistic, dyadic face-to-face Dutch conversations. These social actions were: Information Requests, Understanding Checks, Self-Directed questions, Stance or Sentiment questions, Other-Initiated Repairs, Active Participation questions, questions for Structuring, Initiating or Maintaining Conversation, and Plans and Actions questions. This is the first study to reveal differences in distribution and timing of facial signals across different types of social actions. The findings raise the possibility that facial signals may facilitate social action recognition during language processing in multimodal face-to-face interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Nota
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James P Trujillo
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Holler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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de Fouchier A, Leroy C, Khila A, d'Ettorre P. Discrimination of non-nestmate early brood in ants: behavioural and chemical analyses. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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4
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Henry J, Veazie P, Furman M, Vann M, Whipker B. Spectral Discrimination of Macronutrient Deficiencies in Greenhouse Grown Flue-Cured Tobacco. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:280. [PMID: 36678993 PMCID: PMC9863923 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing of nutrient disorders has become more common in recent years. Most research has considered one or two nutrient disorders and few studies have sought to distinguish among multiple macronutrient deficiencies. This study was conducted to provide a baseline spectral characterization of macronutrient deficiencies in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Reflectance measurements were obtained from greenhouse-grown nutrient-deficient plants at several stages of development. Feature selection methods including information entropy and first and second derivatives were used to identify wavelengths useful for discriminating among these deficiencies. Detected variability was primarily within wavelengths in the visible spectrum, while near-infrared and shortwave-infrared radiation contributed little to the observed variability. Principal component analysis was used to reduce data dimensionality and the selected components were used to develop linear discriminant analysis models to classify the symptoms. Classification models for young, intermediate, and mature plants had overall accuracies of 92%, 82%, and 75%, respectively, when using 10 principal components. Nitrogen, sulfur, and magnesium deficiencies exhibited greater classification accuracies, while phosphorus and potassium deficiencies demonstrated poor or inconsistent results. This study demonstrates that spectral analysis of flue-cured tobacco is a promising methodology to improve current scouting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Henry
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Patrick Veazie
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Marschall Furman
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Matthew Vann
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Brian Whipker
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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5
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Manuello J, Verdejo-Román J, Torres Espínola F, Escudero-Marín M, Catena A, Cauda F, Campoy C. Influence of Gestational Diabetes and Pregestational Maternal BMI on the Brain of Six-Year-Old Offspring. Pediatr Neurol 2022; 133:55-62. [PMID: 35759804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes (GD) and maternal excess weight are common pregnancy conditions that increase the risk of future complications for both the mother and her offspring. Their consequences on neurodevelopment are widely described in the literature, but less is known concerning the potential transgenerational influence on the brain structure. METHODS We used a combination of support vectors machine and hierarchical clustering to investigate the potential presence of anatomical brain differences in a sample of 109 children aged six years, born to mothers with overweight or obesity, or to mothers diagnosed with GD during pregnancy. RESULTS Significant effects are visible in the brain of children born to mothers with GD associated with pregestational excess weight, especially overweight instead of obesity. No differences in children's brain were observed when considering those born to normal-weight mothers. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the need for clinical attention of pregnant women at risk to develop GD, and especially those with pregestational excess weight, since this status was found to be associated with detectable transgenerational brain changes. These effects may be due to the absence of specific and individualized intervention in these mothers during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Manuello
- Gcs-Fmri, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Torres Espínola
- Euristikos Excellence Centre For Pediatric Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; DR. Federico Oloriz Neurosciences Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Euristikos Excellence Centre For Pediatric Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; DR. Federico Oloriz Neurosciences Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Franco Cauda
- Gcs-Fmri, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Focus Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Euristikos Excellence Centre For Pediatric Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; DR. Federico Oloriz Neurosciences Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Spanish Network of Biomedical Research In Epidemiology and Public Health (Ciberesp), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Biohealth Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain.
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6
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Kleitman S, Jackson SA, Zhang LM, Blanchard MD, Rizvandi NB, Aidman E. Applying Evidence-Centered Design to Measure Psychological Resilience: The Development and Preliminary Validation of a Novel Simulation-Based Assessment Methodology. Front Psychol 2022; 12:717568. [PMID: 35082711 PMCID: PMC8786081 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern technologies have enabled the development of dynamic game- and simulation-based assessments to measure psychological constructs. This has highlighted their potential for supplementing other assessment modalities, such as self-report. This study describes the development, design, and preliminary validation of a simulation-based assessment methodology to measure psychological resilience-an important construct for multiple life domains. The design was guided by theories of resilience, and principles of evidence-centered design and stealth assessment. The system analyzed log files from a simulated task to derive individual trajectories in response to stressors. Using slope analyses, these trajectories were indicative of four types of responses to stressors: thriving, recovery, surviving, and succumbing. Using Machine Learning, the trajectories were predictive of self-reported resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) with high accuracy, supporting construct validity of the simulation-based assessment. These findings add to the growing evidence supporting the utility of gamified assessment of psychological constructs. Importantly, these findings address theoretical debates about the construct of resilience, adding to its theory, supporting the combination of the "trait" and "process" approaches to its operationalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Kleitman
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon A. Jackson
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Zhang
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nikzad B. Rizvandi
- Centre for Translational Data Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eugene Aidman
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
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7
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Ostermann T, Röer JP, Tomasik MJ. Digitalization in psychology: A bit of challenge and a byte of success. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 2:100334. [PMID: 34693371 PMCID: PMC8515005 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Digital transformation affects research in almost every scientific discipline. We give a brief overview on how digital technologies have emerged into psychological science in the past and what the challenges and opportunities currently are. Providing two recent examples from our own research, we argue that interdisciplinary collaborations that make use of digital approaches without giving up a strong theoretical foundation will greatly enhance psychological research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ostermann
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, Witten 58448, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Röer
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, Witten 58448, Germany
| | - Martin J. Tomasik
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, Witten 58448, Germany
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8
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Abrevaya S, Fittipaldi S, García AM, Dottori M, Santamaria-Garcia H, Birba A, Yoris A, Hildebrandt MK, Salamone P, De la Fuente A, Alarco-Martí S, García-Cordero I, Matorrel-Caro M, Pautassi RM, Serrano C, Sedeño L, Ibáñez A. At the Heart of Neurological Dimensionality: Cross-Nosological and Multimodal Cardiac Interoceptive Deficits. Psychosom Med 2021; 82:850-861. [PMID: 33003072 PMCID: PMC7647435 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurological nosology, based on categorical systems, has largely ignored dimensional aspects of neurocognitive impairments. Transdiagnostic dimensional approaches of interoception (the sensing of visceral signals) may improve the descriptions of cross-pathological symptoms at behavioral, electrophysiological, and anatomical levels. Alterations of cardiac interoception (encompassing multidimensional variables such as accuracy, learning, sensibility, and awareness) and its neural correlates (electrophysiological markers, imaging-based anatomical and functional connectivity) have been proposed as critical across disparate neurological disorders. However, no study has examined the specific impact of neural (relative to autonomic) disturbances of cardiac interoception or their differential manifestations across neurological conditions. METHODS Here, we used a computational approach to classify and evaluate which markers of cardiac interoception (behavioral, metacognitive, electrophysiological, volumetric, or functional) offer the best discrimination between neurological conditions and cardiac (hypertensive) disease (model 1), and among neurological conditions (Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, and brain stroke; model 2). In total, the study comprised 52 neurological patients (mean [standard deviation] age = 55.1 [17.3] years; 37 women), 25 cardiac patients (age = 66.2 [9.1] years; 13 women), and 72 healthy controls (age = 52.65 [17.1] years; 50 women). RESULTS Cardiac interoceptive outcomes successfully classified between neurological and cardiac conditions (model 1: >80% accuracy) but not among neurological conditions (model 2: 53% accuracy). Behavioral cardiac interoceptive alterations, although present in all conditions, were powerful in differentiating between neurological and cardiac diseases. However, among neurological conditions, cardiac interoceptive deficits presented more undifferentiated and unspecific disturbances across dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Our result suggests a diffuse pattern of interoceptive alterations across neurological conditions, highlighting their potential role as dimensional, transdiagnostic markers.
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9
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Trujillo JP, Özyürek A, Kan CC, Sheftel-Simanova I, Bekkering H. Differences in the production and perception of communicative kinematics in autism. Autism Res 2021; 14:2640-2653. [PMID: 34536063 PMCID: PMC9292179 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In human communication, social intentions and meaning are often revealed in the way we move. In this study, we investigate the flexibility of human communication in terms of kinematic modulation in a clinical population, namely, autistic individuals. The aim of this study was twofold: to assess (a) whether communicatively relevant kinematic features of gestures differ between autistic and neurotypical individuals, and (b) if autistic individuals use communicative kinematic modulation to support gesture recognition. We tested autistic and neurotypical individuals on a silent gesture production task and a gesture comprehension task. We measured movement during the gesture production task using a Kinect motion tracking device in order to determine if autistic individuals differed from neurotypical individuals in their gesture kinematics. For the gesture comprehension task, we assessed whether autistic individuals used communicatively relevant kinematic cues to support recognition. This was done by using stick-light figures as stimuli and testing for a correlation between the kinematics of these videos and recognition performance. We found that (a) silent gestures produced by autistic and neurotypical individuals differ in communicatively relevant kinematic features, such as the number of meaningful holds between movements, and (b) while autistic individuals are overall unimpaired at recognizing gestures, they processed repetition and complexity, measured as the amount of submovements perceived, differently than neurotypicals do. These findings highlight how subtle aspects of neurotypical behavior can be experienced differently by autistic individuals. They further demonstrate the relationship between movement kinematics and social interaction in high-functioning autistic individuals. LAY SUMMARY: Hand gestures are an important part of how we communicate, and the way that we move when gesturing can influence how easy a gesture is to understand. We studied how autistic and typical individuals produce and recognize hand gestures, and how this relates to movement characteristics. We found that autistic individuals moved differently when gesturing compared to typical individuals. In addition, while autistic individuals were not worse at recognizing gestures, they differed from typical individuals in how they interpreted certain movement characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Trujillo
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Asli Özyürek
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis C Kan
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Sheftel-Simanova
- One Planet Research Centre, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Bekkering
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Nota N, Trujillo JP, Holler J. Facial Signals and Social Actions in Multimodal Face-to-Face Interaction. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1017. [PMID: 34439636 PMCID: PMC8392358 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In a conversation, recognising the speaker's social action (e.g., a request) early may help the potential following speakers understand the intended message quickly, and plan a timely response. Human language is multimodal, and several studies have demonstrated the contribution of the body to communication. However, comparatively few studies have investigated (non-emotional) conversational facial signals and very little is known about how they contribute to the communication of social actions. Therefore, we investigated how facial signals map onto the expressions of two fundamental social actions in conversations: asking questions and providing responses. We studied the distribution and timing of 12 facial signals across 6778 questions and 4553 responses, annotated holistically in a corpus of 34 dyadic face-to-face Dutch conversations. Moreover, we analysed facial signal clustering to find out whether there are specific combinations of facial signals within questions or responses. Results showed a high proportion of facial signals, with a qualitatively different distribution in questions versus responses. Additionally, clusters of facial signals were identified. Most facial signals occurred early in the utterance, and had earlier onsets in questions. Thus, facial signals may critically contribute to the communication of social actions in conversation by providing social action-specific visual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Nota
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.P.T.); (J.H.)
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James P. Trujillo
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.P.T.); (J.H.)
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Holler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.P.T.); (J.H.)
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Vélez JI. Machine Learning based Psychology: Advocating for A Data-Driven Approach. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2021; 14:6-11. [PMID: 34306575 PMCID: PMC8297577 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge I Vélez
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia. Universidad del Norte Universidad del Norte Barranquilla Colombia
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12
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Gogone ICVP, Ferreira GH, Gava D, Schaefer R, de Paula-Lopes FF, Rocha RDA, de Barros FRO. Applicability of Raman spectroscopy on porcine parvovirus and porcine circovirus type 2 detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 249:119336. [PMID: 33385972 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of the major infectious causes of reproductive failure of swine. This disease is characterized by embryonic and fetal infection and death, responsible for important economic losses. PPV is also implicated as a trigger in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) caused by Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Their detection is PCR-based, which is quite sensitive and specific, but laborious, costly and time-demanding. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Raman spectroscopy (RS) as a diagnostic tool for PPV and PCV2 due to its label-free properties and unique ability to search and identify molecular fingerprints. Briefly, swine testis (ST) cells were inoculated with PPV or PCV2 and in vitro cultured (37 °C, 5% CO2) for four days. Fixed cells were then submitted to RS investigation using a 633 nm laser. A total of 225 spectra centered at 1300 cm-1 was obtained for each sample (5 spectra/cell; 15 cells/replicate; 3 replicates) of PPV-, PCV2-infected and uninfected (control) ST cells. Clear statistical discrimination between samples from both virus-infected cells was achieved with a Principal Component - Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) model, reaching sensitivity rates from 95.55% to 97.77%, respectively to PCV2- and PPV-infected cells. These results were then submitted to a Leave-One-Out (LOO) validation algorithm resulting in 99.97% of accuracy. Extensive band assignment was analyzed and compiled for better understanding of PPV and PCV2 virus-cell interaction, demonstrating that specific protein, lipids and DNA/RNA bands are the most important assignments related to discrimination of virus-infected from uninfected cells. In conclusion, these results represent promising bases for RS application on PCV2 and PPV detection for future diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raquel de A Rocha
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
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13
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Rosenbusch H, Soldner F, Evans AM, Zeelenberg M. Supervised machine learning methods in psychology: A practical introduction with annotated R code. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Rosenbusch
- Department of Social Psychology Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Felix Soldner
- Department of Security and Crime Science University College London London UK
| | - Anthony M. Evans
- Department of Social Psychology Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Zeelenberg
- Department of Social Psychology Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
- Department of Marketing Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
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14
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Parola A, Salvini R, Gabbatore I, Colle L, Berardinelli L, Bosco FM. Pragmatics, Theory of Mind and executive functions in schizophrenia: Disentangling the puzzle using machine learning. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229603. [PMID: 32126068 PMCID: PMC7053733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is associated with a severe impairment in the communicative-pragmatic domain. Recent research has tried to disentangle the relationship between communicative impairment and other domains usually impaired in schizophrenia, i.e. Theory of Mind (ToM) and cognitive functions. However, the results are inconclusive and this relationship is still unclear. Machine learning (ML) provides novel opportunities for studying complex relationships among phenomena and representing causality among multiple variables. The present research explored the potential of applying ML, specifically Bayesian network (BNs) analysis, to characterize the relationship between cognitive, ToM and pragmatic abilities in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and to identify the cognitive and pragmatic abilities that are most informative in discriminating between schizophrenia and controls. METHODS We provided a comprehensive assessment of different aspects of pragmatic performance, i.e. linguistic, extralinguistic, paralinguistic, contextual and conversational, ToM and cognitive functions, i.e. Executive Functions (EF)-selective attention, planning, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory and speed processing-and general intelligence, in a sample of 32 individuals with schizophrenia and 35 controls. RESULTS The results showed that the BNs classifier discriminated well between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The network structure revealed that only pragmatic Linguistic ability directly influenced the classification of patients and controls, while diagnosis determined performance on ToM, Extralinguistic, Paralinguistic, Selective Attention, Planning, Inhibition and Cognitive Flexibility tasks. The model identified pragmatic, ToM and cognitive abilities as three distinct domains independent of one another. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results confirmed the importance of considering pragmatic linguistic impairment as a core dysfunction in schizophrenia, and demonstrated the potential of applying BNs in investigating the relationship between pragmatic ability and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Parola
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rogerio Salvini
- Instituto de Informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | | | - Livia Colle
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesca M. Bosco
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Neurosciences of Turin, Turin, Italy
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15
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Jabłońska MR, Zajdel R. Artificial neural networks for predicting social comparison effects among female Instagram users. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229354. [PMID: 32097446 PMCID: PMC7041802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic exposure to social media causes social comparisons, especially among women who compare their image to others; they are particularly vulnerable to mood decrease, self-objectification, body concerns, and lower perception of themselves. This study first investigates the possible links between life satisfaction, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and the intensity of Instagram use with a social comparison model. In the study, 974 women age 18–49 who were Instagram users voluntarily participated, completing a questionnaire. The results suggest associations between the analyzed psychological data and social comparison types. Then, artificial neural networks models were implemented to predict the type of such comparison (positive, negative, equal) based on the aforementioned psychological traits. The models were able to properly predict between 71% and 82% of cases. As human behavior analysis has been a subject of study in various fields of science, this paper contributes towards understanding the role of artificial intelligence methods for analyzing behavioral data in psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R. Jabłońska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Institute of Logistics and Informatics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Institute of Logistics and Informatics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Capozzi F, Beyan C, Pierro A, Koul A, Murino V, Livi S, Bayliss AP, Ristic J, Becchio C. Tracking the Leader: Gaze Behavior in Group Interactions. iScience 2019; 16:242-249. [PMID: 31200114 PMCID: PMC6562365 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Can social gaze behavior reveal the leader during real-world group interactions? To answer this question, we developed a novel tripartite approach combining (1) computer vision methods for remote gaze estimation, (2) a detailed taxonomy to encode the implicit semantics of multi-party gaze features, and (3) machine learning methods to establish dependencies between leadership and visual behaviors. We found that social gaze behavior distinctively identified group leaders. Crucially, the relationship between leadership and gaze behavior generalized across democratic and autocratic leadership styles under conditions of low and high time-pressure, suggesting that gaze can serve as a general marker of leadership. These findings provide the first direct evidence that group visual patterns can reveal leadership across different social behaviors and validate a new promising method for monitoring natural group interactions. Leadership shapes gaze dynamics during real-world human group interactions Social gaze behavior distinctively identifies group leaders Identification generalizes across leadership styles and situational conditions Gaze can serve as a general marker of leadership
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capozzi
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Cigdem Beyan
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision, (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16152, Italy
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Atesh Koul
- Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience Unit, (C'MoN), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Human Technologies, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Vittorio Murino
- Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision, (PAVIS), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16152, Italy; Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Stefano Livi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Andrew P Bayliss
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jelena Ristic
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Cristina Becchio
- Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience Unit, (C'MoN), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Human Technologies, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino 10123, Italy.
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17
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Abstract
'Theory of Mind' (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states to others to make sense of their behaviour. ToM research has informed understanding of (a)typical social behaviour, including the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This began with research on ToM in autistic children and there has been a noticeable increase in the study of ToM in autistic adults. However, methodological limitations in adult ToM research may be limiting its explanatory power of ASD symptoms and their management, therefore we discuss recent advances in measuring ToM aimed at addressing these issues. We also examine previously overlooked approaches and propose several new directions that have potential to improve the sensitivity, accuracy, and clinical utility of ToM measurement in autistic adulthood.
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18
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Koul A, Becchio C, Cavallo A. Cross-Validation Approaches for Replicability in Psychology. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1117. [PMID: 30034353 PMCID: PMC6043802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atesh Koul
- C'MON, Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Becchio
- C'MON, Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Psychology,University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallo
- C'MON, Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Psychology,University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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