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Zhang L, Liu M, Li J, Li X, Cheng L, Ji Y, Li N, Wang J. Clinical Characteristics of Foreign-Imported COVID-19 Cases in Xi'an, China. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:2069-2078. [PMID: 34079347 PMCID: PMC8164692 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s315159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective management of foreign-imported COVID-19 cases is a new and great challenge for China. Our study focused on the foreign-imported COVID-19 cases to provide detailed data for insights into the prevention, early diagnosis, treatment and control of imported COVID-19. Methods For this observational and retrospective study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases that were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR in the Xi’an Public Health Center from 29 March 2020 to 31 August 2020. Results Of the 79 patients with COVID-19, 19 (24.1%) had exposure to confirmed COVID-19 patients, 15 (19.0%) had exposure to suspicious COVID-19 patients, and 45 (56.9%) had an unclear history of exposure to confirmed patients. The mean age of the patients was 38 years, and 70 (88.7%) patients were male. Except for 2 severe cases, the remaining 58 (73.4%) cases displayed mild or moderate symptoms, and 19 (24.2%) infected patients were asymptomatic. Twenty-one (26.6%) patients were not diagnosed until a third or later nucleic acid test. Ten (12.7%) patients had chronic diseases. The most common manifestations of the patients were cough [18 (22.8%) cases], fever [9 (11.4%) cases] and sore throat [9 (11.4%) cases]. Forty-one (51.9%) cases showed abnormal chest CT images, To date, all patients have been discharged, and no patient has died. Conclusion The imported COVID-19 cases in Xi’an were mainly young and middle-aged adults with mild or moderate symptoms who had a low rate of comorbidity, showed favourable laboratory and chest CT images, and had a better prognosis. Notably, for suspected COVID-19 cases, at least three consecutive nucleic acid tests should be carried out to avoid missed detection of infected patients. Except for severe cases, high-level medical resources are not necessary in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, People's Republic of China.,Xi'an Public Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710200, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Xi'an Public Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710200, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Li
- Xi'an Public Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710200, People's Republic of China.,The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Ji
- Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Junning Wang
- Xi'an Public Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710200, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, People's Republic of China
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Song J, Zhu J, Chen W, Zhu G, Wang W, Chen C, Jia Z, Zha Y, Xu P, Wang Z, Sun F, Zhang X. Expression profiles revealed potential kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2: a systematic analysis of ACE2 and clinical lessons learned from this discovery. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:10821-10832. [PMID: 33234728 PMCID: PMC8109107 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Based on the current understanding, COVID-19 has become a global issue. Presumably, numerous studies have found that SARS-CoV-2 also transpires in kidney tissue with permanent viral loads. However, it is elusive as to whether SARS-CoV-2 can directly damage the kidney or induce acute renal failure. Hence, to comprehensively understand the impact of COVID-19 on kidney damage, we conducted a retrospective series of case studies to assess kidney functions. Additionally, ACE2 distribution in kidney tissue was analyzed through RNAseq data in open-access databases. Results: According to the findings from transcriptome analysis, we revealed higher ACE2 expression levels in females than males. Similar results were more noticeable in the elderly than in young adults. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis showed high ACE2 expression in kidney tubule and collecting duct principal cells as well as glomerular parietal epithelial cells. On their admission, the patient's serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were elevated to between 36.13% and 16.80%, respectively. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) of < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was reported in 10.92 % of the patients. Notably, at admission, increased BUN time varied linearly following the generalized additive mixed model. Thus, the hourly-increase of BUN in patients was 0.495 (95%CI: 0.263, 0.726). Conclusion: Based on clinical findings, it was ascertained that COVID-19 can damage renal function, but it seldom causes acute renal failure. Coronavirus may directly bind to ACE2-positive cells and damage kidney tissue in the analysis of scRNA-seq data in kidney tissue. Therefore, this evidence suggests that kidney tissue act as the SARS-CoV-2 infection site and the findings could provide insight into the pathophysiology of kidney damage. Methods: We systematically analyzed ACE2 expression profiles in organs based on open-access datasets for healthy individuals. Meanwhile, single-cell sequencing data for kidney samples were collected and analyzed. Assessments on kidney functions were conducted on 119 selected COVID-19 positive patients admitted from 10th February – 18th March 2020, in hospital in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. Consequently, their clinical records and laboratory findings, such as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine, and Comorbidities, were collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Yan Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- The Second Hospital of Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Corporation, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- The Second Hospital of Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Corporation, Hubei, China
| | - Fa Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
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Smits M, Staal JB, van Goor H. Could Virtual Reality play a role in the rehabilitation after COVID-19 infection? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000943. [PMID: 33178449 PMCID: PMC7642212 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 patients, particularly those who needed high care, are expected to have high needs for physical, psychological and cognitive rehabilitation. Yet, the resources needed to provide rehabilitation treatment are expected to be inadequate because healthcare systems faced a shortage of high-quality treatment of these symptoms already before the COVID-19 crisis emerged in patients with comparable needs. In this viewpoint, we discuss the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) administering fast, tailor-made rehabilitation at a distance, and offering a solution for the impending surge of demand for rehabilitation after COVID-19. VR consists of a head-mounted display (HMD) that can bring the user by computer-generated visuals into an immersive, realistic multi-sensory environment. Several studies on VR show its potential for rehabilitation and suggest VR to be beneficial in post-COVID-19. The immersion of VR may increase therapy adherence and may distract the patient from experienced fatigue and anxiety. Barriers still have to be overcome to easily implement VR in healthcare. We argue that embedding VR in virtual care platforms would assist in overcoming these barriers and would stimulate the spread of VR therapy, both for post-COVID-19 patients in the present and possibly for other patients with similar rehabilitation needs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn Smits
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Bart Staal
- IQ healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School for Allied Health, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zhang H, Shang W, Liu Q, Zhang X, Zheng M, Yue M. Clinical characteristics of 194 cases of COVID-19 in Huanggang and Taian, China. Infection 2020; 48:687-694. [PMID: 32390091 PMCID: PMC7211492 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to report the clinical characteristics of 194 cases coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Huanggang, Hubei and Taian, Shandong. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the clinical, laboratory characteristics and CT imaging of confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 22 to February 28, 2020 in Huanggang Central Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Real time PCR was used to detect the new coronavirus in respiratory samples. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of ACE2 in tissues. RESULTS Among the 194 patients infected with COVID-19, 108 patients were male, with a median age of 48.3 years. The average preclinical period was 7.44 day. Except for 37 severe or critically ill patients, the rest of the 157 patients exhibited mild or moderate symptoms. 190 (97.94%) patients were confirmed during the three times nucleic acid test. The main clinical symptom of the patients were fever, sore throat and cough, which accounted for 146 cases (75.26%), 98 (50.52%) and 86 cases (44.33%), respectively. 30 patients (15.46%) showed liver dysfunction. Imaging examination showed that 141 patients (72.68%) showed abnormal density shadow, while 53 cases (27.32%) had no obvious abnormality in the parenchyma of both lungs. Up to now, 109 cases have been discharged from the hospital, and 9 patients died. The ACE2 expression levels were up-regulated in patients of severe type and critically ill type. CONCLUSION Clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and CT imaging should be combined for comprehensive analysis to diagnose COVID-19. ACE2 may be the receptor of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Wenli Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Road, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Taian Daiyue Maternal and Child Care Service Centre, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Maochuan Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Road, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Maokui Yue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Road, Taian, 271000, China.
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Vitacca M, Carone M, Clini EM, Paneroni M, Lazzeri M, Lanza A, Privitera E, Pasqua F, Gigliotti F, Castellana G, Banfi P, Guffanti E, Santus P, Ambrosino N. Joint Statement on the Role of Respiratory Rehabilitation in the COVID-19 Crisis: The Italian Position Paper. Respiration 2020; 99:493-499. [PMID: 32428909 PMCID: PMC7316664 DOI: 10.1159/000508399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the exponential growth of the number of subjects affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the entire Italian health care system had to respond promptly and in a very short time with the need of semi-intensive and intensive care units. Moreover, trained dedicated COVID-19 teams consisting of physicians were coming from different specialties (intensivists or pneumologists and infectiologists), while respiratory therapists and nurses have been recruited to work on and on without rest. However, due to still limited and evolving knowledge of COVID-19, there are few recommendations concerning the need in respiratory rehabilitation and physiotherapy interventions. The presentation of this paper is the result of a consensus promoted by the Italian societies of respiratory health care professionals who contacted pulmonologists directly involved in the treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19. The aim was to formulate the more proper and common suggestions to be applied in different hospital settings in offering rehabilitative programs and physiotherapy workforce planning for COVID-19 patients. Two main areas of intervention were identified: organization and treatment, which are described in this paper to face the emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vitacca
- Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Lumezzane, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Brescia, Italy,
| | - Mauro Carone
- Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Bari, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Bari, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Clini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mara Paneroni
- Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Lumezzane, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Lazzeri
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lanza
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Neuroscience, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Privitera
- Health Professions Department Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Pasqua
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituto Clinico RiabilitativoVilla delle Querce, Nemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gigliotti
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Castellana
- Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Bari, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Banfi
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Guffanti
- Rehabilitative Pneumology, Former INRCA IRCCS, Casatenovo, Lecco, Italy
| | - Pierachille Santus
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Ospedale Universitario L. Sacco - ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolino Ambrosino
- Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Montescano, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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Precaution of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in department of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:250-253. [PMID: 32336398 PMCID: PMC7180017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has presented as a critical period. Until February 23rd 2020, more than 77 000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed in China, which has a great impact on economy and society. It has also interferred with ordinary medical practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery seriously. In order to protect the oral and maxillofacial surgery medical staff from 2019-nCoV infection during the outbreak period, this paper suggests the necessary medical protective measures for oral and maxillofacial surgery outpatients and wards.
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Xu J, Zhao S, Teng T, Abdalla AE, Zhu W, Xie L, Wang Y, Guo X. Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Viruses 2020; 12:E244. [PMID: 32098422 PMCID: PMC7077191 DOI: 10.3390/v12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated from the respiratory epithelium of unexplained pneumonia patients in the Wuhan seafood market caused a major disease outbreak and has been named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus causes acute lung symptoms, leading to a condition that has been named as "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and of SARS-CoV caused widespread fear and concern and has threatened global health security. There are some similarities and differences in the epidemiology and clinical features between these two viruses and diseases that are caused by these viruses. The goal of this work is to systematically review and compare between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the context of their virus incubation, originations, diagnosis and treatment methods, genomic and proteomic sequences, and pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (T.T.)
| | - Shizhe Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (T.T.)
| | - Tieshan Teng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (T.T.)
| | - Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Longxiang Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (T.T.)
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Henan Bioengineering Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (T.T.)
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