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Akhtar H, Alhamoudi FH, Marshall J, Ashton T, Darr JA, Rehman IU, Chaudhry AA, Reilly G. Synthesis of cerium, zirconium, and copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles as potential biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29150. [PMID: 38601679 PMCID: PMC11004213 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel eco-friendly high throughput continuous hydrothermal flow system was used to synthesise phase pure ZnO and doped ZnO in order to explore their properties for tissue engineering applications. Cerium, zirconium, and copper were introduced as dopants during flow synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, Zirconium doped ZnO were successfully synthesised, however secondary phases of CeO and CuO were detected in X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nanoparticles were characterised using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Dynamic Light scattering Measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and RAMAN spectroscopy was used to evaluate physical, chemical, and structural properties. The change in BET surface area was also significant, the surface area increased from 11.35 (ZnO_2) to 26.18 (ZrZnO_5). However. In case of CeZnO_5 and CuZnO_5 was not significant 13.68 (CeZnO_5) and 12.16 (CuZnO_5) respectively. Cell metabolic activity analysis using osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human embryonic derived mesenchymal stem cells (hES-MP) demonstrated that doped ZnO nanoparticles supported higher cell metabolic activity compared to cells grown in standard media with no nanoparticles added, or pure zinc oxide nanoparticles. The ZrZnO_5 demonstrated the highest cell metabolic activity and non-cytotoxicity over the duration of 28 days as compared to un doped or Ce or Cu incorporated nanoparticles. The current data suggests that Zirconium doping positively enhances the properties of ZnO nanoparticles by increasing the surface area and cell proliferation. Therefore, are potential additives within biomaterials or for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsah Akhtar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Hussain Alhamoudi
- Dental Technology Department, Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Julie Marshall
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ihtesham Ur Rehman
- Research and Enterprise, School of Medicine,University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Aqif Anwar Chaudhry
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Gwendolen Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Annam Renita A, Sathish S, Kumar PS, Prabu D, Manikandan N, Mohamed Iqbal A, Rajesh G, Rangasamy G. Emerging aspects of metal ions-doped zinc oxide photocatalysts in degradation of organic dyes and pharmaceutical pollutants - A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118614. [PMID: 37454449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent periods, a broad assortment of continual organic contaminants has been released into our natural water resources. Indeed, it is exceedingly poisonous and perilous to living things; thus, the elimination of these organic pollutants before release into the water bodies is vital. A variety of techniques have been utilized to remove these organic pollutants with advanced oxidation photocatalytic methods with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles being commonly used as a capable catalyst for contaminated water treatment. Nevertheless, its broad energy gap, which can be only stimulated under an ultraviolet (UV) light source, and high recombination pairs of electrons and holes limit their photocatalytic behaviors. However, numerous methods have been suggested to decrease its energy gap for visible regions. Including, the doping ZnO with metal ions (dopant) can be considered as an effectual route not only the reason for a movement of the absorption edges toward the higher (visible light) region but also to lower the electron-hole pair (e--h+) recombination. This review concentrated on the impact of dissimilar types of metal ions (dopants) on the advancement in the degradation performance of ZnO. So, this work demonstrates a vital review of contemporary attainments in the alteration of ZnO nanoparticles for organic pollutants eliminations. Besides, the effect of doping ions including transition metals, rare earth metals, and metal ions (substitutional and interstitial) concerning numerous types of altered ZnO are summarized. The photodegradation mechanisms for pristine and metal-modified ZnO nanoparticles are also conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Annam Renita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - S Sathish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India.
| | - D Prabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - N Manikandan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - A Mohamed Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - G Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Ha Luu TV, Dao NN, Le Pham HA, Nguyen QB, Nguyen VC, Dang PH. One-step hydrothermal preparation of Ta-doped ZnO nanorods for improving decolorization efficiency under visible light. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5208-5218. [PMID: 36777945 PMCID: PMC9912144 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, Ta-doped ZnO (Ta-ZnO) nanomaterials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method at different temperatures (110, 150, and 170 °C) for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. Ta doping significantly affects the crystal defects, optical properties, and MB photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO materials. The optical absorption edge of Ta-ZnO 150 was redshifted compared to undoped ZnO, correlating to bandgap narrowing (E gTa-ZnO = 2.92 eV; E gZnO = 3.07 eV), implying that Ta doped ZnO is capable of absorbing visible light. Besides, Ta-doping was the reason for enhanced blue light emission in the photoluminescence spectrum, which is related to the oxygen defect V 0 O. It is also observed in the XPS spectra, where the percentage of oxygen in the oxygen-deficient regions (O531.5 eV) of Ta-ZnO150 is higher than that of ZnO150. It is an important factor in enhancing ZnO's photocatalytic efficiency. The MB degradation efficiency of Ta-doped ZnO reached the highest for Ta-ZnO 150 and was 2.5 times higher than ZnO under a halogen lamp (HL). Notably, the influence of hydrothermal temperature on the structural, morphological, and photoelectrochemical properties was discussed in detail. As a result, the optimal hydrothermal temperature for synthesizing the nanorod is 150 °C. Furthermore, photocatalytic experiments were also performed under simulated sunlight and natural sunlight. The nature of the photo-oxidative degradation of MB was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Viet Ha Luu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Nhiem Dao
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc VietHanoi100000Vietnam,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc VietHanoi100000Vietnam
| | - Hoang Ai Le Pham
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Quang Bac Nguyen
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc VietHanoi100000Vietnam,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology18 Hoang Quoc VietHanoi100000Vietnam
| | - Van Cuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Phuc Huu Dang
- Faculty of Fundamental Science, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
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Chen T, Xu Y, Chen B, Xiao H. Efficient formation of ZIF-8 promoted by DBU for the preparation of ZnO and Ce/ZnO nanomaterials. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sun Y, O'Connell DW. Application of visible light active photocatalysis for water contaminants: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10781. [PMID: 36195318 PMCID: PMC9828070 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic water pollutants are ubiquitous in the natural environment arising from domestic products as well as current and legacy industrial processes. Many of these organic water pollutants are recalcitrant and only partially degraded using conventional water and wastewater treatment processes. In recent decades, visible light active photocatalyst has gained attention as a non-conventional alternative for the removal of organic pollutants during water treatment, including industrial wastewater and drinking water treatment. This paper reviews the current state of research on the use of visible light active photocatalysts, their modified methods, efficacy, and pilot-scale applications for the degradation of organic pollutants in water supplies and waste streams. Initially, the general mechanism of the visible light active photocatalyst is evaluated, followed by an overview of the major synthesis techniques. Because few of these photocatalysts are commercialized, particular attention was given to summarizing the different types of visible light active photocatalysts developed to the pilot-scale stage for practical application and commercialization. The organic pollutant degradation ability of these visible light active photocatalysts was found to be considerable and in many cases comparable with existing and commercially available advanced oxidation processes. Finally, this review concludes with a summary of current achievements and challenges as well as possible directions for further research. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Visible light active photocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the reduction of organic water pollutants. Various mechanisms of photocatalysis using visible light active materials are identified and discussed. Many recent photocatalysts are synthesized from renewable materials that are more sustainable for applications in the 21st century. Only a small number of pilot-scale applications exist and these are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - David W. O'Connell
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
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6
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ROS-mediated antibacterial response of ZnO and ZnO containing cerium under light. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Suárez-Méndez A, Matus MH, Rivera VM. Protonated α-oligothiophenes as potential sensitizers of TiO2 supported on zeolite HY – An experimental and theoretical study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen N, Liu B, Zhang P, Wang C, Du Y, Chang W, Hong W. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ce-doped SnO2 hollow spheres by a one-pot hydrothermal method. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Babel S, Sekartaji PA, Sudrajat H. ZnO nanoparticles for photodegradation of humic acid in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31163-31173. [PMID: 33595799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is the most important precursor of toxic disinfection byproducts upon chlorination. Removing HA from water body is therefore critical in drinking water acquisition. In this research, ZnO nanoparticles are employed for photocatalysis under UV light at neutral pH to remove HA from a water environment. Almost 100% degradation of HA was achieved using 0.3 g/L of ZnO in 180 min with UV-A and UV-C light. Under identical experimental conditions, total organic carbon (TOC) removals reach 67% and 21% with UV-A and UV-C light, respectively. A higher degree of mineralization of HA is achieved with UV-A light although the degradation of HA is slightly better with UV-C light. This indicates that ZnO/UV-A has relatively low selectivity to degrade different compounds, including various intermediates from HA degradation. The use of UV-A light is therefore recommended for ZnO as it possesses higher mineralization ability. Negligible TOC is observed on the ZnO surface after photocatalytic reactions. In contrast, the adsorption of HA in dark conditions reaches 42% in 180 min. This strongly indicates that the adsorption of HA plays an important role in the photocatalytic degradation of HA, but it is not the main process for HA removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Babel
- School of Biochemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, P.O. Box 22, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand.
| | - Putri A Sekartaji
- School of Biochemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, P.O. Box 22, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Hanggara Sudrajat
- PhotoCAT - The Center of Excellence on Heterogeneous Photocatalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
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Comparison of the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/CeO2 and ZnO/Yb2O3 Mixed Systems in the Phenol Removal from Water: A Mechanicistic Approach. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we compare the photocatalytic activity of two semiconductors based on ZnO: ZnO/CeO2 and ZnO/Yb2O3. The two samples were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction technique, diffuse reflectance Ultra Violet- Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), high resolution transmission electron microscopy and finally with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The prepared materials were also tested in their photocatalytic performances both through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) analyzing the formation of charge carriers and with the abatement of a probe molecule like phenol, in presence and in absence of scavengers.
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11
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Ha LTV, Dai LM, Lim DT, Nhiem DN, Pham NN. Pure and cerium‐doped zinc oxides: Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luu Thi Viet Ha
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Luu Minh Dai
- Institute of Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Lim
- Institute of Geography Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Dao Ngoc Nhiem
- Institute of Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Ngo Nghia Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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12
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Enhancement of superoxide evolution by nickel-doped for the removal of organic pollutants and cyanobacteria. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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In-Depth Structural and Optical Analysis of Ce-modified ZnO Nanopowders with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Prepared by Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure and Ce-modified ZnO nanosheet-like polycrystalline samples were successfully synthesized by a simple and fast microwave-based process and tested as photocatalytic materials in environmental remediation processes. In an attempt to clarify the actual relationships between functionality and atomic scale structure, an in-depth characterization study of these materials using a battery of complementary techniques was performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy-scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM-XEDS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy were used to evaluate the effect of Ce ions on the structural, morphological, optical and photocatalytic properties of the prepared ZnO nanostructures. The XRD results showed that the obtained photocatalysts were composed of hexagonal, wurtzite type crystallites in the 34–44 nm size range. The SEM and TEM showed nanosheet-shaped crystallites, a significant fraction of them in contact with bundles of randomly oriented and much smaller nanoparticles of a mixed cerium–zinc phase with a composition close to Ce0.68Zn0.32Ox. Importantly, in clear contrast to the prevailing proposals regarding this type of materials, the STEM-XEDS characterization of the photocatalyst samples revealed that Ce did not incorporate into the ZnO crystal lattice as a dopant but that a heterojunction formed between the ZnO nanosheets and the Ce–Zn mixed oxide phase nanoparticles instead. These two relevant compositional features could in fact be established thanks to the particular morphology obtained by the use of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The optical study revealed that in the ZnO:Ce samples optical band gap was found to decrease to 3.17 eV in the samples with the highest Ce content. It was also found that the ZnO:Ce (2 at.%) sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), when compared to both the pure ZnO and commercial TiO2-P25 under simulated sunlight irradiation. The kinetics of MB photodegradation in the presence of the different photocatalysts could be properly described using a Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) model, for which the ZnO:Ce (2 at.%) sample exhibited the highest value of effective kinetic constant.
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Saad AM, Abukhadra MR, Abdel-Kader Ahmed S, Elzanaty AM, Mady AH, Betiha MA, Shim JJ, Rabie AM. Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using chitosan supported ZnO and Ce-ZnO nano-flowers under visible light. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 258:110043. [PMID: 31929075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two types of chitosan-based composites (chitosan/ZnO and chitosan/Ce-ZnO composites) were synthesized under microwave irradiation and characterized as advanced catalysts of enhanced photocatalytic activity under the visible light. The morphological investigation reflected the formation of ZnO and Ce doped ZnO at stunning micro flowers of nano limps. Additionally, the optical studies reflected a reduction in the bandgap of ZnO from 3.3 eV to 2.85 eV and 2.5 eV after supporting it onto chitosan chains and after doping it with cerium, respectively. The synthetic composites were applied in photocatalytic removal of malachite green dye under a visible light source. The synthetic CH/ZnO and CH/Ce-ZnO showed enhancement in the photocatalytic removal of M.G by 54% and 87%, respectively, as compared to the pure ZnO. The synthetic composites are of high stability and can be reused for five photocatalytic degradation cycles at stunning removal percentages. The main oxidizing radicals during the removal of M.G by CH/ZnO are the generated electron-hole pairs as well as the hydroxyl radicals. The effective species in CH/Ce-ZnO photocatalytic system are the photogenerated hydroxyl radicals followed by the electron-hole pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Magdy Saad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mostafa R Abukhadra
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | | | - Ali M Elzanaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amr H Mady
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt; School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed A Betiha
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt; Egypt Nanotechnology Center (EGNC), Cairo University, El-Shiekh Zayed, 12588, Egypt
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Abdelrahman M Rabie
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt; School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Abdel Salam M, Abukhadra MR, Adlii A. Insight into the Adsorption and Photocatalytic Behaviors of an Organo-bentonite/Co 3O 4 Green Nanocomposite for Malachite Green Synthetic Dye and Cr(VI) Metal Ions: Application and Mechanisms. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2766-2778. [PMID: 32095700 PMCID: PMC7033972 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A green composite of organically modified bentonite supported by Co3O4 nanoparticles (OB/Co) was successfully fabricated and investigated as a potential eco-friendly, low-cost adsorbent and photocatalyst for promising removal of both malachite green dye (MG.D) and Cr(VI) ions. The composite showed high adsorption properties and achieved experimental q max values of 223 and 139 mg/g for MG.D and Cr(VI) after equilibration times of 360 min and 480 min for the inspected contaminants, respectively. The kinetic and equilibrium inspection reflected the best description of their adsorption behaviors by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. This revealed favorable and homogeneous uptake of both MG.D and Cr(VI) in a monolayer form with theoretical Langmuir q max values of 343.6 and 194.5 mg/g, respectively. The theoretical adsorption energies of MG.D (0.6 kJ/mol) and Cr(VI) (0.5 kJ/mol) from the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model revealed physisorption properties that might be resulted from some types of Coulombic attractive forces, achieving theoretical q max values of 226.5 and 144.6 mg/g, respectively. The suggested adsorption mechanism was confirmed by the main mathematical parameters of thermodynamic studies that revealed physical, spontaneous, and exothermic uptake processes. Also, the composite showed high photocatalytic performance under visible light, which resulted in a 100% removal percentage of 100 mg/L of MG.D and Cr(VI) after about 180 and 240 min, respectively, from the adsorption equilibrium time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdel Salam
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa R. Abukhadra
- Materials
Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty
of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef City 62521, Egypt
- Geology
Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef
University, Beni Suef
City 62521, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Adlii
- Materials
Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty
of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef City 62521, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Beni-Suef
University, Beni Suef City 62514, Egypt
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Malimabe M, Dejene B, Swart H, Motloung S, Motaung T, Koao L. Characterization of the incorporated ZnO doped and co-doped with Ce3+ and Eu3+ nanophosphor powders into PVC polymer matrix. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Rabie AM, Abukhadra MR, Rady AM, Ahmed SA, Labena A, Mohamed HSH, Betiha MA, Shim JJ. Instantaneous photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye under visible light using novel green Co–ZnO/algae composites. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-04074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Hu B, Sun Q, Zuo C, Pei Y, Yang S, Zheng H, Liu F. A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1157-1165. [PMID: 31293853 PMCID: PMC6604740 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A mild and simple method was developed to synthesize a highly efficient photocatalyst comprised of Ce-doped ZnO rods and optimal synthesis conditions were determined by testing samples with different Ce/ZnO molar ratios calcined at 500 °C for 3 hours via a one-step pyrolysis method. The photocatalytic activity was assessed by the degradation of a common dye pollutant found in wastewater, rhodamine B (RhB), using a sunlight simulator. The results showed that ZnO doped with 3% Ce exhibits the highest RhB degradation rate. To understand the crystal structure, elemental state, surface morphology and chemical composition, the photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP), respectively. The newly developed, robust, field-only surface integral method was employed to explore the relationship between the remarkable catalytic effect and the catalyst shape and porous microstructure. The computational results showed that the dipole-like field covers the entire surface of the rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst and is present over the entire range of wavelengths considered. The optimum degradation conditions were determined by orthogonal tests and range analysis, including the concentration of RhB and catalyst, pH value and temperature. The results indicate that the pH value is the main influential factor in the photocatalytic degradation process and the optimal experimental conditions to achieve the maximum degradation rate of 97.66% in 2 hours are as follows: concentration (RhB) = 10 mg/L, concentration (catalyst) = 0.7 g/L, pH 9.0 and T = 50 °C. These optimum conditions supply a helpful reference for large-scale wastewater degradation containing the common water contaminant RhB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjing Hu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Chengyi Zuo
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Yunxin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Siwei Yang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Fangming Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
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19
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Achouri F, Merlin C, Corbel S, Alem H, Mathieu L, Balan L, Medjahdi G, Ben Said M, Ghrabi A, Schneider R. ZnO Nanorods with High Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity under Solar Light Irradiation. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11112158. [PMID: 30388867 PMCID: PMC6266891 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ZnO nanorods (NRs) with an average length and diameter of 186 and 20 nm, respectively, were prepared through a mild solvothermal route and used as photocatalysts either as dispersed powder or immobilized on glass slides. The ZnO NRs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dispersed ZnO NRs and, to a lesser extent, immobilized ZnO NRs were demonstrated to exhibit high photocatalytic activity under simulated sunlight of low intensity (5.5 mW/cm2) both for the degradation of the Orange II dye and for Escherichia coli bacterial decontamination (2.5-fold survival decrease after 180 min irradiation for immobilized NRs). SEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), fluorescence spectroscopy, and epifluorescence microscopy demonstrate that cell surface damages are responsible of bacterial inactivation. The immobilized ZnO NRs could be reused up to five times for bacterial decontamination at comparable efficiency and therefore have great potential for real environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Achouri
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France.
- Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux Usées et Environnement, P.O. Box 273, Soliman, Tunis 8020, Tunisia.
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia.
| | | | - Serge Corbel
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Halima Alem
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Laurence Mathieu
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-5v4000 Nancy, France.
- EPHE, PSL Research University, LCPME, UMR 7564 Nancy, France.
| | - Lavinia Balan
- IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68093 Mulhouse, France.
| | | | - Myriam Ben Said
- Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux Usées et Environnement, P.O. Box 273, Soliman, Tunis 8020, Tunisia.
| | - Ahmed Ghrabi
- Centre de Recherches et Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Laboratoire Eaux Usées et Environnement, P.O. Box 273, Soliman, Tunis 8020, Tunisia.
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20
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Xie J, Hong W, Meng M, Tian M, Kang C, Zhou Z, Chen C, Tang Y, Luo G. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Cerium-Modified CdS-TiO2Photocatalyst for the Formaldehyde Degradation at Room Temperature. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Xie
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
| | - Wei Hong
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
| | - Mianwu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; Ministry of Education; 541000 Guilin P. R. China
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
| | - Mengke Tian
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
| | - Caiyan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; Ministry of Education; 541000 Guilin P. R. China
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
| | - Chaoshu Chen
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Tang
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Luo
- College of Environment and Resource; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guilin P. R. China
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21
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Moussa H, Chouchene B, Gries T, Balan L, Mozet K, Medjahdi G, Schneider R. Growth of ZnO Nanorods on Graphitic Carbon Nitride gCN Sheets for the Preparation of Photocatalysts with High Visible‐Light Activity. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Moussa
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP F-54000 Nancy France
| | - Bilel Chouchene
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP F-54000 Nancy France
- Institut Jean LamourUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL F-54000 Nancy France
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut Jean LamourUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL F-54000 Nancy France
| | - Lavinia Balan
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de MulhouseCNRS, UMR 7361 15 rue Jean Starcky 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Kevin Mozet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP F-54000 Nancy France
| | - Ghouti Medjahdi
- Institut Jean LamourUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL F-54000 Nancy France
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des ProcédésUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP F-54000 Nancy France
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22
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Kunyapat T, Xu F, Neate N, Wang N, Sanctis AD, Russo S, Zhang S, Xia Y, Zhu Y. Ce-Doped bundled ultrafine diameter tungsten oxide nanowires with enhanced electrochromic performance. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4718-4726. [PMID: 29464250 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08385h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cerium (Ce)-doped tungsten oxide nanostructures were synthesised using a simple solvothermal method from cerium chloride salt (CeCl3·7H2O) and tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) precursors. The as-prepared samples were thoroughly characterised using electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochromic performance of different samples was evaluated using a custom-built UV-VIS spectrometer and an electrochemistry technique. The results showed that the as-prepared samples underwent morphological evolution with the increase in the Ce/W molar ratio, from long, thin and bundled nanowires, through shorter and thicker nanowires to mixed nanowire bundles and nanoparticle agglomerates. From electrochemical testing, we found that the Ce-doped tungsten oxides exhibited higher optical contrasts of 44.3%, 49.7% and 39.4% for the 1 : 15, 1 : 10 and 1 : 5 Ce/W ratios respectively, compared with 37.4% for the pure W18O49 nanowires. The Ce/W = 1 : 15 samples presented an improved colouration efficiency of 67.3 cm2 C-1 against 62 cm2 C-1 for pure W18O49. This work demonstrated that the Ce-doped W18O49 nanowires are very promising candidate materials for the design and construction of electrochemical chromic devices with largely improved efficiency, contrast and stability. The results from this work suggested that smart electrochromic devices based on current Ce-doped WOx nanomaterials could be further developed for future energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thummavichai Kunyapat
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter EX4 4QF, UK.
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23
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Wang D, Han D, Yang J, Wang J, Li X, Song H. Controlled preparation of superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO-Au core-shell photocatalyst with superior activity: RhB degradation and working mechanism. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Zammit I, Vaiano V, Iervolino G, Rizzo L. Inactivation of an urban wastewater indigenousEscherichia colistrain by cerium doped zinc oxide photocatalysis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26124-26132. [PMID: 35541927 PMCID: PMC9082927 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis (HPC) is a subset of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) with potential future applications in water disinfection. Herein, a zinc oxide photocatalyst was doped with cerium at various atomic ratios ranging from 0 to 0.1 Ce : Zn. Keeping in mind that the application of HPC is often limited by its cost of use, a simple and easy to upscale method, that is the hydroxide induced hydrolysis of zinc nitrate in the presence of Ce3+ followed by calcination at 300 °C, was used to synthesise the catalysts. The catalysts have been characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance (UV-vis DRS) and Raman spectroscopy. XRD results showed that Ce3+ ions were successfully incorporated into the ZnO lattice. UV-vis DRS spectra evidenced that Ce–ZnO samples present band-gap values of about 2.97 eV, lower than those of undoped ZnO (3.21 eV). These various photocatalysts, at 0.1 g L−1 in saline 0.85%, were used to inactivate Escherichia coli previously isolated from an urban wastewater treatment plant. Higher atomic ratios of Ce in the ZnO lattice, as confirmed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy, showed significant improvements to the inactivation rate; the resulting recommended optimum cerium loading of 0.04 : 1 Ce : Zn gave multiple orders of magnitude higher rate of inactivation after 60 min of treatment when compared to un-doped ZnO. This optimum loading of cerium was faster than the de facto literature standard TiO2-P25 tested under identical conditions. Doping of ZnO with cerium at 0.04 : 1 Ce : Zn at/at gives substantial improvements in rate of photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli over undoped ZnO.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Zammit
- Department of Civil Engineering
- University of Salerno
- Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vaiano
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Salerno
- Italy
| | | | - Luigi Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering
- University of Salerno
- Italy
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25
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Tatykayev B, Donat F, Alem H, Balan L, Medjahdi G, Uralbekov B, Schneider R. Synthesis of Core/Shell ZnO/rGO Nanoparticles by Calcination of ZIF-8/rGO Composites and Their Photocatalytic Activity. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:4946-4954. [PMID: 31457773 PMCID: PMC6641885 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A facile two-step method was developed to prepare core/shell ZnO/rGO particles from ZIF-8/rGO composites. ZIF-8 particles were first grown at the surface of rGO sheets. Next, ZIF-8 particles were transformed into ZnO particles by thermal decomposition under air at 500 °C. All materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses. Results obtained show that ZIF-8 particles strongly associate with rGO sheets and that the calcination of this material produces porous core/shell ZnO/rGO particles with an average diameter of ca. 40 nm. The wt % of rGO associated with ZIF-8 particles was varied from 5 to 20%. The ZnO/rGO (10%) particles exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the Orange II dye under simulated solar light irradiation of weak intensity (5 mW/cm2). This high photocatalytic activity was demonstrated to originate from superoxide O2 •- radicals due to the efficient trapping of photogenerated electrons in ZnO by rGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batukhan Tatykayev
- Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Florian Donat
- Université
de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés
(LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Halima Alem
- Institut
Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR 7198,
CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Lavinia Balan
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS, UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Ghouti Medjahdi
- Institut
Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR 7198,
CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Bolat Uralbekov
- Al-Farabi
Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Université
de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés
(LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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26
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Donat F, Corbel S, Alem H, Pontvianne S, Balan L, Medjahdi G, Schneider R. ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn x S 2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1080-1093. [PMID: 28685109 PMCID: PMC5480363 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Alloyed CuInZn x S2+x (ZCIS) quantum dots (QDs) were successfully associated to ZnO nanoparticles by a thermal treatment at 400 °C for 15 min. The ZnO/ZCIS composite was characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, XPS and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. ZCIS QDs, with an average diameter of ≈4.5 nm, were found to be homogeneously distributed at the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. ZCIS-sensitized ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a high photocatalytic activity under simulated solar light irradiation for the degradation of Orange II dye (>95% degradation after 180 min of irradiation at an intensity of 5 mW/cm2). The heterojunction built between the ZnO nanoparticle and ZCIS QDs not only extends the light adsorption range by the photocatalyst but also acts to decrease electron/hole recombination. Interestingly, the ZnO/ZCIS composite was found to produce increased amounts of H2O2 and singlet oxygen 1O2 compared to ZnO, suggesting that these reactive oxygen species play a key role in the photodegradation mechanism. The activity of the ZnO/ZCIS composite is retained at over 90% of its original value after ten successive photocatalytic runs, indicating its high stability and its potential for practical photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Donat
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Serge Corbel
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Halima Alem
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), UMR CNRS 7198, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Steve Pontvianne
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Lavinia Balan
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Ghouti Medjahdi
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), UMR CNRS 7198, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville 54001 Nancy, France
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