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Wechsler D, Fernández CC, Köbl J, Augustin LM, Stumm C, Jux N, Steinrück HP, Williams FJ, Lytken O. Wet-Chemically Prepared Porphyrin Layers on Rutile TiO 2(110). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102871. [PMID: 34066129 PMCID: PMC8150575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrins are large organic molecules that are interesting for different applications, such as photovoltaic cells, gas sensors, or in catalysis. For many of these applications, the interactions between adsorbed molecules and surfaces play a crucial role. Studies of porphyrins on surfaces typically fall into one of two groups: (1) evaporation onto well-defined single-crystal surfaces under well-controlled ultrahigh vacuum conditions or (2) more application-oriented wet chemical deposition onto less well-defined high surface area surfaces under ambient conditions. In this study, we will investigate the wet chemical deposition of 5-(monocarboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (MCTPP) on well-defined rutile TiO2(110) single crystals under ambient conditions. Prior to deposition, the TiO2(110) crystals were also cleaned wet-chemically under ambient conditions, meaning none of the preparation steps were done in ultrahigh vacuum. However, after each preparation step, the surfaces were characterized in ultrahigh vacuum with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the result was compared with porphyrin layers prepared in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) by evaporation. The differences of both preparations when exposed to zinc ion solutions will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wechsler
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Cynthia Carolina Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (C.C.F.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Julia Köbl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Augustin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Corinna Stumm
- Lehrstuhl für Katalytische Grenzflächenforschung, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
| | - Federico José Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina; (C.C.F.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Ole Lytken
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (D.W.); (J.K.); (L.-M.A.); (H.-P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Mafukidze DM, Nyokong T. Photocatalytic and solar radiation harvesting potential of a free-base porphyrin-zinc (II) phthalocyanine heterodyad functionalized polystyrene polymer membrane for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Xiang F, Schmitt T, Raschmann M, Schneider MA. Adsorption and self-assembly of porphyrins on ultrathin CoO films on Ir(100). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1516-1524. [PMID: 33094085 PMCID: PMC7554680 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins represent a versatile class of molecules, the adsorption behavior of which on solid surfaces is of fundamental interest due to a variety of potential applications. We investigate here the molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interaction of Co-5,15-diphenylporphyrin (Co-DPP) and 2H-tetrakis(p-cyanophenyl)porphyrin (2H-TCNP) on one bilayer (1BL) and two bilayer (2BL) thick cobalt oxide films on Ir(100) by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). The two substrates differ greatly with respect to their structural and potential-energy landscape corrugation with immediate consequences for adsorption and self-assembly of the molecules studied. On both films, an effective electronic decoupling from the metal substrate is achieved. However, on the 1BL film, Co-DPP molecules are sufficiently mobile at 300 K and coalesce to self-assembled molecular islands when cooled to 80 K despite their rather weak intermolecular interaction. In contrast, on the 2BL film, due to the rather flat potential landscape, molecular rotation is thermally activated, which effectively prevents self-assembly. The situation is different for 2H-TCNPP, which, due to the additional functional anchoring groups, does not self-assemble on the 1BL film but forms self-assembled compact islands on the 2BL film. The findings demonstrate the guiding effect of the cobalt oxide films of different thickness and the effect of functional surface anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xiang
- Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmitt
- Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Raschmann
- Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Alexander Schneider
- Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Bodek L, Engelund M, Cebrat A, Such B. Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO 2. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:821-828. [PMID: 32551207 PMCID: PMC7277932 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine (SnPc) molecules on rutile TiO2(110) was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Low-temperature STM measurements of single molecules reveal the coexistence of two conformations of molecules on the TiO2 surface. Density functional theory-based simulations (DFT) indicate that the difference originates from the position of the tin atom protruding from the molecule plane. The irreversible switching of Sn-up molecules into the Sn-down conformation was observed either after sample annealing at 200 °C or as a result of tip-induced manipulation. Room-temperature measurements conducted for a coverage of close to a monolayer showed no tendency for molecular arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Bodek
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mads Engelund
- Espeem S.A.R.L., c/o Technoport S.A., 9 Avenue des Haut-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aleksandra Cebrat
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bartosz Such
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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Wechsler D, Fernández CC, Tariq Q, Tsud N, Prince KC, Williams FJ, Steinrück HP, Lytken O. Interfacial Reactions of Tetraphenylporphyrin with Cobalt-Oxide Thin Films. Chemistry 2019; 25:13197-13201. [PMID: 31403232 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the adsorption and interfacial reactions of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrin (2HTPP) with cobalt-terminated Co3 O4 (111) and oxygen-terminated CoO(111) thin films using synchrotron-radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Already at 275 K, we find evidence for the formation of a metalated species, most likely CoTPP, on both surfaces. The degree of self-metalation increases with temperature on both surfaces until 475 K, where the metalation is almost complete. At 575 K the porphyrin coverage decreases drastically on the reducible cobalt-terminated Co3 O4 (111) surface, while higher temperatures are needed on the non-reducible oxygen-terminated CoO(111). The low temperature self-metalation is similar to that observed on MgO(100) surfaces, but drastically different from that observed on TiO2 (110), where no self-metalation is observed at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wechsler
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cynthia C Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, AnalíticayQuímica Física, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasyNaturales, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Quratulain Tariq
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nataliya Tsud
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy.,IOM, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico J Williams
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica, AnalíticayQuímica Física, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasyNaturales, INQUIMAE-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Chair of Physical Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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