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Pisarra M, Gomez CV, Sindona A. Massive and massless plasmons in germanene nanosheets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18624. [PMID: 36329251 PMCID: PMC9633710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically thin crystals may exhibit peculiar dispersive electronic states equivalent to free charged particles of ultralight to ultraheavy masses. A rare coexistence of linear and parabolic dispersions yields correlated charge density modes exploitable for nanometric light confinement. Here, we use a time-dependent density-functional approach, under several levels of increasing accuracy, from the random-phase approximation to the Bethe-Salpeter equation formalism, to assess the role of different synthesized germanene samples as platforms for these plasmon excitations. In particular, we establish that both freestanding and some supported germenene monolayers can sustain infrared massless modes, resolved into an out-of-phase (optical) and an in-phase (acoustic) component. We further indicate precise experimental geometries that naturally host infrared massive modes, involving two different families of parabolic charge carriers. We thus show that the interplay of the massless and massive plasmons can be finetuned by applied extrinsic conditions or geometry deformations, which constitutes the core mechanism of germanene-based optoelectronic and plasmonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pisarra
- Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Sezione dei Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Cubo 31C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Cristian Vacacela Gomez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba, 060155, Ecuador
| | - Antonello Sindona
- Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Sezione dei Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Cubo 31C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 30C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
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Tene T, Bellucci S, Guevara M, Arias Arias F, Sáez Paguay MÁ, Quispillo Moyota JM, Arias Polanco M, Scarcello A, Vacacela Gomez C, Straface S, Caputi LS, Torres FJ. Adsorption of Mercury on Oxidized Graphenes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12173025. [PMID: 36080061 PMCID: PMC9457566 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are among the most predominant graphene derivatives because their unique properties make them efficient adsorbent nanomaterials for water treatment. Although extra-functionalized GO and rGO are customarily employed for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions, the adsorption of heavy metals on non-extra-functionalized oxidized graphenes has not been thoroughly studied. Herein, the adsorption of mercury(II) (Hg(II)) on eco-friendly-prepared oxidized graphenes is reported. The work covers the preparation of GO and rGO as well as their characterization. In a further stage, the description of the adsorption mechanism is developed in terms of the kinetics, the associated isotherms, and the thermodynamics of the process. The interaction between Hg(II) and different positions of the oxidized graphene surface is explored by DFT calculations. The study outcomes particularly demonstrate that pristine rGO has better adsorbent properties compared to pristine GO and even other extra-functionalized ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Tene
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110160, Ecuador
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy
| | - Marco Guevara
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Fabian Arias Arias
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Miguel Ángel Sáez Paguay
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Coca 220201, Ecuador
| | | | - Melvin Arias Polanco
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, Área de Ciencias Básicas y Ambientales, Av. Los Próceres, Santo Domingo 10602, Dominican Republic
| | - Andrea Scarcello
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Surface Nanoscience Group, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 33C, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Straface
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DIAm) University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 42B, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Lorenzo S. Caputi
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Surface Nanoscience Group, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 33C, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - F. Javier Torres
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-UR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador
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Mushfiq SW, Afzalzadeh R. Verification of experimental results with simulation on production of few-layer graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation utilizing sonication. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9872. [PMID: 35701464 PMCID: PMC9198053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene, an extraordinary tow-dimensional carbon nanostructure, has attracted global attention due to its electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties; therefore, there is a need to find out an economical mass production method to produce graphene. In the present research, the aim is to find out optimal conditions for exfoliation of few-layers graphene (FLG) in a water–ethanol green solution. We varied different parameters of the ultrasonic probe like power quantity and time duration of sonication to investigate the effects on the number of graphene layers and density of graphene in the solution. Also, an attempt has been made to predict the acoustic pressure distribution by solving the wave equation in various output powers of the ultrasonic probe (sonotrode) using numerical simulations. The simulations and experimentations verify each other. Concluding that modifying the output power at the same condition will significantly alter the acoustic pressure inside the sonoreactor. The difference in acoustic pressure at 90% output power of our experimentations is much higher than in other conditions. Experimentation results utilizing UV–visible spectra, SEM (Scanning electron microscope), TEM (Transmission electron microscope) images and Raman spectrum indicate that the minimum thickness and maximum exfoliation for these samples are acquired for sonication at 90% of the maximum effective output power of the sonicator being 264 W for 55 min.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Afzalzadeh
- Faculty of Physics, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 15418-49611, Iran.
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Tene T, Guevara M, Viteri E, Maldonado A, Pisarra M, Sindona A, Vacacela Gomez C, Bellucci S. Calibration of Fermi Velocity to Explore the Plasmonic Character of Graphene Nanoribbon Arrays by a Semi-Analytical Model. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2028. [PMID: 35745366 PMCID: PMC9229183 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present an analysis of the electronic and plasmonic behavior of periodic planar distributions of sufficiently wide graphene nanoribbons, for which a thorough ab initio investigation is practically unfeasible. Our approach is based on a semi-analytical model whose only free parameter is the charge carrier velocity, which we estimate by density-functional theory calculations on graphene. By this approach, we show that the plasmon resonance energies of the scrutinized systems fall in the lower THz band, relevant for optoelectronic and photonic applications. We further observe that these energies critically depend on the charge carrier concentration, ribbon width, electron relaxation rate, and in-plane transferred momentum angle, thus, suggesting a tunability of the associated light-matter modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Tene
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110160, Ecuador;
| | - Marco Guevara
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador;
| | - Edwin Viteri
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba 060155, Ecuador;
| | - Alba Maldonado
- Facultad de Informática y Electrónica, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba 060155, Ecuador;
| | - Michele Pisarra
- INFN, Sezione LNF, Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Cubo 31C, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonello Sindona
- INFN, Sezione LNF, Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Cubo 31C, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.P.); (A.S.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 30C, I-87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy
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Tene T, Guevara M, Valarezo A, Salguero O, Arias Arias F, Arias M, Scarcello A, Caputi LS, Vacacela Gomez C. Drying-Time Study in Graphene Oxide. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041035. [PMID: 33921582 PMCID: PMC8072584 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits different properties from those found in free-standing graphene, which mainly depend on the type of defects induced by the preparation method and post-processing. Although defects in graphene oxide are widely studied, we report the effect of drying time in GO and how this modifies the presence or absence of edge-, basal-, and sp3-type defects. The effect of drying time is evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The traditional D, G, and 2D peaks are observed together with other less intense peaks called the D', D*, D**, D+G, and G+D. Remarkably, the D* peak is activated/deactivated as a direct consequence of drying time. Furthermore, the broad region of the 2D peak is discussed as a function of its deconvoluted 2D1A, 2D2A, and D+G bands. The main peak in UV-visible absorption spectra undergoes a redshift as drying time increases. Finally, TEM measurements demonstrate the stacking of exfoliated GO sheets as the intercalated (water) molecules are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Tene
- Grupo de Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja EC-110160, Ecuador;
| | - Marco Guevara
- CompNano, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí EC-100119, Ecuador;
| | - Andrea Valarezo
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy; (A.V.); (O.S.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (L.S.C.)
| | - Orlando Salguero
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy; (A.V.); (O.S.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (L.S.C.)
| | - Fabian Arias Arias
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba EC-060155, Ecuador;
| | - Melvin Arias
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy; (A.V.); (O.S.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (L.S.C.)
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología, Area de Ciencias Básicas y Ambientales, Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Do-mingo, Av. Los Próceres, Santo Domingo 10602, Dominican Republic
| | - Andrea Scarcello
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy; (A.V.); (O.S.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (L.S.C.)
- Surface Nanoscience Group, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 33C, I-87036 Rende, Italy
- INFN, Sezione LNF, Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Via P. Bucci, I-87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Lorenzo S. Caputi
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy; (A.V.); (O.S.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (L.S.C.)
- Surface Nanoscience Group, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 33C, I-87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Cristian Vacacela Gomez
- CompNano, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí EC-100119, Ecuador;
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy; (A.V.); (O.S.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (L.S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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The Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Eco-Friendly Reduced Graphene Oxide. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040681. [PMID: 32260330 PMCID: PMC7221676 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, green-prepared oxidized graphenes have attracted huge interest in water purification and wastewater treatment. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared by a scalable and eco-friendly method, and its potential use for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from water systems, was explored. The present work includes the green protocol to produce rGO and respective spectroscopical and morphological characterizations, as well as several kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic analyses to successfully demonstrate the adsorption of MB. The pseudo-second-order model was appropriated to describe the adsorption kinetics of MB onto rGO, suggesting an equilibrium time of 30 min. Otherwise, the Langmuir model was more suitable to describe the adsorption isotherms, indicating a maximum adsorption capacity of 121.95 mg g-1 at 298 K. In addition, kinetics and thermodynamic analyses demonstrated that the adsorption of MB onto rGO can be treated as a mixed physisorption-chemisorption process described by H-bonding, electrostatic, and π - π interactions. These results show the potential of green-prepared rGO to remove cationic dyes from wastewater systems.
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Tene T, Tubon Usca G, Guevara M, Molina R, Veltri F, Arias M, Caputi LS, Vacacela Gomez C. Toward Large-Scale Production of Oxidized Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E279. [PMID: 32041339 PMCID: PMC7075232 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative exfoliation of graphite is a promising approach to the large-scale production of graphene. Conventional oxidation of graphite essentially facilitates the exfoliation process; however, the oxidation procedure releases toxic gases and requires extensive, time-consuming steps of washing and reduction to convert exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Although toxic gases can be controlled by modifying chemical reactions, filtration, dialysis, and extensive sonication are unfavorable for large-scale production. Here, we report a complete, scalable, and green synthesis of GO, without NaNO3, followed by reduction with citric acid (CA). This approach eliminates the generation of toxic gases, simplifies the washing steps, and reduces the time required to prepare rGO. To validate the proposed method, we present spectroscopical and morphological studies, using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to analyze the thermal properties of GO and rGO. This eco-friendly method proposes a complete guideline protocol toward large-scale production of oxidized graphene, with potential applications in supercapacitors, fuel cells, composites, batteries, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Tene
- Department of Chemistry and Exact Sciences, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja EC-110160, Ecuador;
| | - Gabriela Tubon Usca
- Faculty of Science & Mechanical Engineering, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba EC-060155, Ecuador; (G.T.U.); (M.G.)
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.V.); (M.A.); (L.S.C.)
| | - Marco Guevara
- Faculty of Science & Mechanical Engineering, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba EC-060155, Ecuador; (G.T.U.); (M.G.)
| | - Raul Molina
- GraphenTech NL, Olympiaweg 28A, 3077AL Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Francesco Veltri
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.V.); (M.A.); (L.S.C.)
- Surface Nanoscience Group, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 33C, I-87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Melvin Arias
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.V.); (M.A.); (L.S.C.)
- Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, Area de Ciencias Básicas y Ambientales, Av. Los Próceres, Santo Domingo 10602, Dominican Republic
| | - Lorenzo S. Caputi
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.V.); (M.A.); (L.S.C.)
- Surface Nanoscience Group, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 33C, I-87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Cristian Vacacela Gomez
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.V.); (M.A.); (L.S.C.)
- CompNano, Yachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Urcuquí EC-100119, Ecuador
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Coello-Fiallos D, Tene T, Guayllas J, Haro D, Haro A, Vacacela Gomez C. DFT comparison of structural and electronic properties of graphene and germanene: monolayer and bilayer systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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