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Souza JPA, Bandeira PT, Bergmann J, Zarbin PHG. Recent advances in the synthesis of insect pheromones: an overview from 2013 to 2022. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:866-889. [PMID: 36820746 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00068g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 to June 2022Pheromones are usually produced by insects in sub-microgram amounts, which prevents the elucidation of their structures by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Instead, a synthetic reference material is needed to confirm the structure of the natural compounds. In addition, the provision of synthetic pheromones enables large-scale field trials for the development of environmentally friendly pest management tools. Because of these potential applications in pest control, insect pheromones are attractive targets for the development of synthetic procedures and the synthesis of these intraspecific chemical messengers has been at the core of numerous research efforts in the field of pheromone chemistry. The present review is a quick reference guide for the syntheses of insect pheromones published from 2013 to mid-2022, listing the synthesized compounds and highlighting current methodologies in organic synthesis, such as carbon-carbon coupling reactions, organo-transition metal chemistry including ring-closing olefin metathesis, asymmetric epoxidations and dihydroxylations, and enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P A Souza
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil.
| | - Pamela T Bandeira
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil. .,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avda. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jan Bergmann
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Paulo H G Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil.
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Female-Produced Sex Pheromone of Tetrastichus planipennisi, a Parasitoid Introduced for Biological Control of the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:508-519. [PMID: 32506384 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Asian eulophid wasp Tetrastichus planipennisi is being released in North America as a biocontrol agent for the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), a very destructive invasive buprestid beetle that is devastating ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). We identified, synthesized, and tested a female-produced sex pheromone for the wasp. The key component eliciting behavioral responses from male wasps in flight tunnel bioassays was identified as (6S,10S)-(2E,4E,8E)-4,6,8,10-tetramethyltrideca-2,4,8-triene. Female specificity was demonstrated by gas chromatographic (GC) comparison of male and female volatile emissions and whole body extracts. The identification was aided by coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, microchemical reactions, NMR, GC analyses with a chiral stationary phase column, and matching GC retention times and mass spectra with those of synthetic standards. The tetramethyl-triene hydrocarbon was synthesized as a mixture of two enantiomeric pairs of diastereomers, and as the pure insect-produced stereoisomer. In flight-tunnel bioassays, males responded to both the natural pheromone and the chiral synthetic material by upwind flight and landing on the source. In contrast, the mixture of four stereoisomers was not attractive, indicating that one or more of the "unnatural" stereoisomers antagonized attraction. Field trials, using yellow pan traps baited with natural pheromone, captured significantly more male wasps than control traps over a four week trial. The identified pheromone could increase the efficiency and specificity of the current detection methods for Tetrastichus planipennisi and aid in the determination of parasitoid establishment at release sites.
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Vargová D, Némethová I, Šebesta R. Asymmetric copper-catalyzed conjugate additions of organometallic reagents in the syntheses of natural compounds and pharmaceuticals. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3780-3796. [PMID: 32391843 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Access to enantiopure complex molecular structures is crucial for the development of new drugs as well as agents used in crop-protection. In this regard, numerous asymmetric methods have been established. Copper-catalyzed 1,4-additions of organometallic reagents are robust C-C bond formation strategies applicable in a wide range of circumstances. This review analyses the syntheses of natural products and pharmaceutical agents, which rely on the application of asymmetric Cu-catalyzed conjugate additions of various organometallic reagents. A wide range of available organometallics, e.g. dialkylzinc, trialkylaluminum, Grignard, and organozirconium, can now be used in conjugate additions to address various synthetic challenges present in targeted natural compounds. Furthermore, efficient catalysts allow high levels of stereofidelity over a diverse array of starting Michael acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Vargová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivana Némethová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Wu W, Cao W, Hu L, Su Z, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation: classical and parallel kinetic resolution of 3-substituted cyclohexanones and desymmetrization of meso-disubstituted cycloketones. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7003-7008. [PMID: 31588267 PMCID: PMC6676330 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical kinetic resolution, parallel kinetic resolution and desymmetrization were achieved by asymmetric BV oxidation of 3-substituted and meso-disubstituted cycloketones.
Regioselectivity is a crucial issue in Baeyer–Villiger (BV) oxidation. To date, few reports have addressed asymmetric BV oxidation of 3-substituted cycloketones due to the high difficulty of controlling regio- and stereoselectivity. Herein, we report the asymmetric BV oxidation of 3-substituted and meso-disubstituted cycloketones with chiral N,N′-dioxide/Sc(iii) catalysts performed in three ways: classical kinetic resolution, parallel kinetic resolution and desymmetrization. The methodology was applied in the total and formal synthesis of bioactive compounds and natural products. Control experiments and calculations demonstrated that flexible and adjustable catalysts played a significant role in the chiral recognition of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ;
| | - Weidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ;
| | - Linfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ;
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ;
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ;
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ;
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Che W, Wen DC, Zhu SF, Zhou QL. Iterative Synthesis of Polydeoxypropionates Based on Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α-Substituted Acrylic Acids. Org Lett 2018; 20:3305-3309. [PMID: 29781268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel iterative protocol for the synthesis of polydeoxypropionates was developed based on iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-substituted acrylic acids. The catalyst loading can be as low as 0.01 mol %, and the overall yield for one iterative cycle is >76%. The reaction conditions are mild, and no organometallic reagents or chromatography steps are required. Using this protocol, (+)-phthioceranic acid and the polydeoxypropionate motifs of ionomycin and borrelidin were synthesized in high yield.
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Abstract
Insect pheromones are some of the most interesting natural products because they are utilized for interspecific communication between various insects, such as beetles, moths, ants, and cockroaches. A large number of compounds of many kinds have been identified as pheromone components, reflecting the diversity of insect species. While this review deals only with chiral methyl-branched pheromones, the chemical structures of more than one hundred non-terpene compounds have been determined by applying excellent analytical techniques. Furthermore, their stereoselective syntheses have been achieved by employing trustworthy chiral sources and ingenious enantioselective reactions. The information has been reviewed here not only to make them available for new research but also to understand the characteristic chemical structures of the chiral pheromones. Since biosynthetic studies are still limited, it might be meaningful to examine whether the structures, particularly the positions and configurations of the branched methyl groups, are correlated with the taxonomy of the pheromone producers and also with the function of the pheromones in communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Ando
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Tröger A, van Beek TA, Huigens ME, Silva IMMS, Posthumus MA, Francke W. Structure elucidation of female-specific volatiles released by the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma turkestanica (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:767-73. [PMID: 24778731 PMCID: PMC3999836 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Females of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma turkestanica produce the putative polydeoxypropionates (2E,4E,6S,8S,10S)-4,6,8,10-tetramethyltrideca-2,4-diene and (2E,4E,6S,8S,10S)-4,6,8,10-tetramethyltrideca-2,4-dien-1-ol or their enantiomers as sex specific volatiles. The structures were assigned on the basis of GC–MS investigations using synthetic reference compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Tröger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Teris A van Beek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martinus E Huigens
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel M M S Silva
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten A Posthumus
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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