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Coals PGR, Williams VL, Benítez G, Chassagne F, Leonti M. Ethnopharmacology, ethnomedicine, and wildlife conservation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118399. [PMID: 38824978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There are longstanding traditions of animal-derived products being employed as medicines, and they continue to be important in many traditional cultural healthcare practices. However, the populations of numerous so-used animals are known to be threatened with extirpation by such practices. Ethnopharmacological studies documenting these animal-derived drugs are not only interesting from an anthropological standpoint, but they are also relevant from a wildlife conservation perspective - especially since ethnopharmacologists are intermediaries between indigenous and scientific communities, placing them at the forefront of being able to ethically access information to address these issues. METHODS Using the example of documenting culturally acceptable substitute materials for animal products (which ultimately also extends to flora), we explore the intersection of ethnopharmacology, biocultural resources, and wildlife conservation. RESULTS Pharmacological efficacy and symbolism are factors influencing the utilization of traditional medicines. Achieving the integration of conservation aims with ethnopharmacology requires a nuanced understanding of both factors, along with fair adjudication when conservation and cultural aims diverge. Ethnopharmacology is suitably placed for making conservation-orientated recommendations - including investigating more sustainable substitutes for animal products in the context of medical efficacy, and for engaging ethically with local communities to facilitate information generation aimed at protecting the environment and their traditions. CONCLUSION We suggest an integrative approach to ethnopharmacological studies investigating medicinal bioresource use. This approach is considerate of species' conservation profiles, the substitutability and pharmacological efficacy of biocultural resources, indigenous and cultural rights, and a collaborative ethos for stakeholder engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G R Coals
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Vivienne L Williams
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| | - Guillermo Benítez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - François Chassagne
- UMR152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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2
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Zhou ZR, Liu F, Li S, Dong CZ, Zhang L. A fungal P450 enzyme from Fusarium equiseti HG18 with 7β-hydroxylase activity in biosynthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 240:106507. [PMID: 38508471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzyme with 7β-hydroxylation capacity has attracted widespread attentions due to the vital roles in the biosynthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a naturally active molecule for the treatment of liver and gallbladder diseases. In this study, a novel P450 hydroxylase (P450FE) was screen out from Fusarium equiseti HG18 and identified by a combination of genome and transcriptome sequencing, as well as heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. The biotransformation of lithocholic acid (LCA) by whole cells of recombinant Pichia pastoris further confirmed the C7β-hydroxylation with 5.2% UDCA yield. It was firstly identified a fungal P450 enzyme from Fusarium equiseti HG18 with the capacity to catalyze the LCA oxidation producing UDCA. The integration of homology modeling and molecular docking discovered the substrate binding to active pockets, and the key amino acids in active center were validated by site-directed mutagenesis, and revealed that Q112, V362 and L363 were the pivotal residues of P450FE in regulating the activity and selectivity of 7β-hydroxylation. Specifically, V362I mutation exhibited 2.6-fold higher levels of UDCA and higher stereospecificity than wild-type P450FE. This advance provided guidance for improving the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of P450FE in LCA hydroxylation, indicative of the great potential in green synthesis of UDCA from biologically toxic LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ru Zhou
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Liu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Dong
- Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, Cedex 13, Paris 75205, France
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Blood Products, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Wang H, Abe I. Recent developments in the enzymatic modifications of steroid scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3559-3583. [PMID: 38639195 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00327f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Steroids are an important family of bioactive compounds. Steroid drugs are renowned for their multifaceted pharmacological activities and are the second-largest category in the global pharmaceutical market. Recent developments in biocatalysis and biosynthesis have led to the increased use of enzymes to enhance the selectivity, efficiency, and sustainability for diverse modifications of steroids. This review discusses the advancements achieved over the past five years in the enzymatic modifications of steroid scaffolds, focusing on enzymatic hydroxylation, reduction, dehydrogenation, cascade reactions, and other modifications for future research on the synthesis of novel steroid compounds and related drugs, and new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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4
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d'Oelsnitz S, Stofel SK, Love JD, Ellington AD. Snowprint: a predictive tool for genetic biosensor discovery. Commun Biol 2024; 7:163. [PMID: 38336860 PMCID: PMC10858194 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioengineers increasingly rely on ligand-inducible transcription regulators for chemical-responsive control of gene expression, yet the number of regulators available is limited. Novel regulators can be mined from genomes, but an inadequate understanding of their DNA specificity complicates genetic design. Here we present Snowprint, a simple yet powerful bioinformatic tool for predicting regulator:operator interactions. Benchmarking results demonstrate that Snowprint predictions are significantly similar for >45% of experimentally validated regulator:operator pairs from organisms across nine phyla and for regulators that span five distinct structural families. We then use Snowprint to design promoters for 33 previously uncharacterized regulators sourced from diverse phylogenies, of which 28 are shown to influence gene expression and 24 produce a >20-fold dynamic range. A panel of the newly repurposed regulators are then screened for response to biomanufacturing-relevant compounds, yielding new sensors for a polyketide (olivetolic acid), terpene (geraniol), steroid (ursodiol), and alkaloid (tetrahydropapaverine) with induction ratios up to 10.7-fold. Snowprint represents a unique, protein-agnostic tool that greatly facilitates the discovery of ligand-inducible transcriptional regulators for bioengineering applications. A web-accessible version of Snowprint is available at https://snowprint.groov.bio .
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon d'Oelsnitz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Synthetic Biology HIVE, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Sarah K Stofel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Joshua D Love
- Independent Web Developer, Bentonville, AR, 72712, USA
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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5
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Lee J, Park JS. The gut microbiome predicts response to UDCA/CDCA treatment in gallstone patients: comparison of responders and non-responders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2534. [PMID: 38291113 PMCID: PMC10828362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of gallbladder (GB) stones depends on condition severity. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) are commonly used to treat GB stones, but the factors affecting response rates have not been fully identified. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between response to UDCA/CDCA treatment and changes in the gut microbiomes of patients with GB stones with the intention of identifying gut microbiomes that predict susceptibility to UDCA/CDCA treatment and treatment response. In this preliminary, prospective study, 13 patients with GB stones were treated with UDCA/CDCA for 6 months. Patients were classified into responder and non-responder groups based on treatment outcomes. Gut microbiomes were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Taxonomic compositions and abundances of bacterial communities were analyzed before and after UDCA/CDCA treatment. Alpha and beta diversities were used to assess similarities between organismal compositions. In addition, PICRUSt2 analysis was conducted to identify gut microbial functional pathways. Thirteen patients completed the treatment; 8 (62%) were assigned to the responder group and the remainder to the non-responder group. Low abundances of the Erysipelotrichi lineage were significantly associated with favorable response to UDCA/CDCA treatment, whereas high abundances of Firmicutes phylum indicated no or poor response. Our results suggest that a low abundance of the Erysipelotrichi lineage is significantly associated with a favorable response to UDCA/CDCA and that a high abundance of Firmicutes phylum is indicative of no or poor response. These findings suggest that some gut microbiomes are susceptible to UDCA/CDCA treatment and could be used to predict treatment response in patients with GB stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungnam Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Center, Shihwa Medical Center, 381, Gunjacheon-ro, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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6
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Qu Y, Gong X, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Xie Q, Liu Y, Wei J, Du H. Establishment and Validation of Novel Prognostic Subtypes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Bile Acid Metabolism Gene Signatures Using Bulk and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:919. [PMID: 38255993 PMCID: PMC10815120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly detrimental cancer type and has limited therapeutic options, posing significant threats to human health. The development of HCC has been associated with a disorder in bile acid (BA) metabolism. In this study, we employed an integrative approach, combining various datasets and omics analyses, to comprehensively characterize the tumor microenvironment in HCC based on genes related to BA metabolism. Our analysis resulted in the classification of HCC samples into four subtypes (C1, C2a, C2b, and C3). Notably, subtype C2a, characterized by the highest bile acid metabolism score (BAMS), exhibited the highest survival probability. This subtype also demonstrated increased immune cell infiltration, lower cell cycle scores, reduced AFP levels, and a lower risk of metastasis compared to subtypes C1 and C3. Subtype C1 displayed poorer survival probability and elevated cell cycle scores. Importantly, the identified subtypes based on BAMS showed potential relevance to the gene expression of drug targets in currently approved drugs and those under clinical research. Genes encoding VEGFR (FLT4 and KDR) and MET were elevated in C2, while genes such as TGFBR1, TGFB1, ADORA3, SRC, BRAF, RET, FLT3, KIT, PDGFRA, and PDGFRB were elevated in C1. Additionally, FGFR2 and FGFR3, along with immune target genes including PDCD1 and CTLA4, were higher in C3. This suggests that subtypes C1, C2, and C3 might represent distinct potential candidates for TGFB1 inhibitors, VEGFR inhibitors, and immune checkpoint blockade treatments, respectively. Significantly, both bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses unveiled a negative correlation between BA metabolism and cell cycle-related pathways. In vitro experiments further confirmed that the treatment of HCC cell lines with BA receptor agonist ursodeoxycholic acid led to the downregulation of the expression of cell cycle-related genes. Our findings suggest a plausible involvement of BA metabolism in liver carcinogenesis, potentially mediated through the regulation of tumor cell cycles and the immune microenvironment. This preliminary understanding lays the groundwork for future investigations to validate and elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying this potential association. Furthermore, this study provides a novel foundation for future precise molecular typing and the design of systemic clinical trials for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinfen Wei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Q.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Q.); (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.X.); (Y.L.)
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7
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Yang J, Chen X, Liu T, Shi Y. Potential role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Life Sci 2024; 336:122279. [PMID: 37995935 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common acute gastrointestinal diseases in preterm infants. Recent studies have found that NEC is not only caused by changes in the intestinal environment but also by the failure of multiple systems and organs, including the liver. The accumulation of bile acids (BAs) in the ileum and the disorder of ileal BA transporters are related to the ileum injury of NEC. Inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-18 secreted by NEC also play an important role in regulating intrahepatic BA transporters. As an important link connecting the liver and intestinal circulation, the bile acid metabolic pathway plays an important role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota, cell proliferation, and barrier protection. In this review, we focus on how bile acids explore the dynamic changes of bile acid metabolism in necrotizing enterocolitis and the potential therapeutic value of targeting the bile acid signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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8
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Song Y, Lau HCH, Zhang X, Yu J. Bile acids, gut microbiota, and therapeutic insights in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0394. [PMID: 38148326 PMCID: PMC10884537 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and aggressive liver malignancy. The interplay between bile acids (BAs) and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and progression. Under normal conditions, BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and BAs. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism, and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal homeostasis. Of note, dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis, thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis, and ultimately contributing to HCC development. Therefore, understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism, with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in HCC. Additionally, therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed, including the use of BA agonists/antagonists, probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, and engineered bacteria. In summary, understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into HCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Harry CH Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang MQ, You ZN, Yang BY, Xia ZW, Chen Q, Pan J, Li CX, Xu JH. Machine-Learning-Guided Engineering of an NADH-Dependent 7β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase for Economic Synthesis of Ursodeoxycholic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19672-19681. [PMID: 38016669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) catalyzed by an NADH-dependent 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β-HSDH) is more economic compared with an NADPH-dependent 7β-HSDH when considering the much higher cost of NADP+/NADPH than that of NAD+/NADH. However, the poor catalytic performance of NADH-dependent 7β-HSDH significantly limits its practical applications. Herein, machine-learning-guided protein engineering was performed on an NADH-dependent Rt7β-HSDHM0 from Ruminococcus torques. We combined random forest, Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier, and Gaussian process regression with limited experimental data, resulting in the best variant Rt7β-HSDHM3 (R40I/R41K/F94Y/S196A/Y253F) with improvements in specific activity and half-life (40 °C) by 4.1-fold and 8.3-fold, respectively. The preparative biotransformation using a "two stage in one pot" sequential process coupled with Rt7β-HSDHM3 exhibited a space-time yield (STY) of 192 g L-1 d-1, which is so far the highest productivity for the biosynthesis of UDCA from chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) with NAD+ as a cofactor. More importantly, the cost of raw materials for the enzymatic production of UDCA employing Rt7β-HSDHM3 decreased by 22% in contrast to that of Rt7β-HSDHM0, indicating the tremendous potential of the variant Rt7β-HSDHM3 for more efficient and economic production of UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Qiang Wang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Neng You
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Xia
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Pan
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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10
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Kim S, Jo H, Lee S, Yang M, Jun H, Lee Y, Kim GW, Lee D. Targeted echogenic and anti-inflammatory polymeric prodrug nanoparticles for the management of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Control Release 2023; 363:574-584. [PMID: 37797890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is an inevitable pathological event occurring when blood is resupplied to the tissues after a period of ischemia. One of major causes of IR injury is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which mediates the expression of various inflammatory cytokines to exacerbate tissue damages. The overproduced H2O2 could therefore serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker of IR injury. In this study, poly(boronated methacrylate) (pBMA) nanoparticles were developed as nanotheranostic agents for renal IR injury, which not only generate CO2 bubbles to enhance the ultrasound contrast but also provide potent preventive effects in a H2O2-triggered manner. The surface of pBMA nanoparticles was decorated with taurodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) that binds P-selectin overexpressed in inflamed tissues. In the mouse model of renal IR injury, TUDCA-coated pBMA (T-pBMA) nanoparticles preferentially accumulated in the injured kidney and markedly enhanced the ultrasound contrast. T-pBMA nanoparticles also effectively prevented renal IR injury by scavenging H2O2 and suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Treatment progress of IR injury could be also monitored by echogenic T-pBMA nanoparticles. Given their targeting ability, excellent H2O2-responsiveness, anti-inflammatory activity and H2O2-triggered echogenicity, T-pBMA nanoparticles have excellent translational potential for the management of various H2O2-related diseases including IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Kim
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanui Jo
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Lee
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Manseok Yang
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Jun
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjong Lee
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Wook Kim
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54097, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Polymer⋅Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Liu T, Wang JS. Ursodeoxycholic acid administration did not reduce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Liver Int 2023; 43:1950-1954. [PMID: 37381749 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A recent study suggested that administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at dosages usually employed clinically may reduce rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A recent surge of SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection in China allowed study of whether UDCA administration reduced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with liver disease. METHODS Through WeChat groups, a questionnaire was distributed to families (n = 300) in which a child had been admitted to our liver service in the past 5 years. Among the families/households in which someone was infected with SARS-CoV-2, the proportion in which a child taking UDCA was infected was compared with the proportion in which a child not taking UDCA was infected. RESULTS Of the 300 questionnaire answers, 280 (93.3%) were valid. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 226 families (80.7%): 146 children were taking UDCA (10-20 mg/kg/day) and 80 children were not taking UDCA. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 95 children taking UDCA (65.1%) and in 51 children not taking UDCA (63.8%) (p = 0.843); SARS-CoV-2 infection was suspected in 23 children taking UDCA (15.8%) and in 11 children not taking UDCA (13.8%) (p = 0.687). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that UDCA administration does not reduce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Liu
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-She Wang
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Kim OY, Lee SY, Lee DY, Hur SJ. Developing a procedure to extract chenodeoxycholic acid and synthesize ursodeoxycholic acid from pig by-products. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18313. [PMID: 37519734 PMCID: PMC10375797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop simple methods for the extraction of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) from pig by-products. The enzymatic method, which uses bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes to extract CDCA, was found to be more efficient than the chemical method. The chemical method, which uses pig by-products, resulted in UDCA amounts of 6.05 mg, 0.51 mg, 3.04 mg, and 1.26 mg in 100 g of the liver, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, respectively. The amounts of UDCA synthesized/100 g through the chemical and enzymatic methods required to extract CDCA were 3.48 g and 2.22 g, respectively. The procedure developed in this study was simplified by three stages compared to the conventional chemical method of extracting CDCA. Moreover, this study provides a technique that improves the utilization of pig by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- On You Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daeduk-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Division of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daeduk-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daeduk-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
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13
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Development of HPLC-CAD method for simultaneous quantification of nine related substances in ursodeoxycholic acid and identification of two unknown impurities by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115357. [PMID: 36966621 PMCID: PMC10033147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid has gained increasing attention due to its recent discovery of the preventive effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ursodeoxycholic acid has been included in various pharmacopoeias as an old drug, and the latest European Pharmacopoeia lists nine potential related substances (impurities A~I). However, existing methods in pharmacopoeias and literature can only quantify up to five of these impurities simultaneously, and the sensitivity is inadequate, as the impurities are isomers or cholic acid analogues lacking chromophores. Herein, a novel gradient RP-HPLC method coupled to charged aerosol detection (CAD) was developed and validated for the simultaneous separation and quantification of the nine impurities in ursodeoxycholic acid. The method proved sensitive and allowed the quantification of the impurities as low as 0.02%. Relative correction factors of the nine impurities were all within the range of 0.8~1.2 in the gradient mode by optimizing chromatographic conditions and CAD parameters. In addition, this RP-HPLC method is fully compatible with LC-MS due to the volatile additives and high percentage of the organic phase, which can be directly used for the identification of impurities. The newly developed HPLC-CAD method was successfully applied to commercial bulk drug samples, and two unknown impurities were identified by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The effect of CAD parameters on the linearity and correction factors was also discussed in this study. Overall, the established HPLC-CAD method can improve the methods in current pharmacopoeias and literature and contributes to understanding the impurity profile for process improvement.
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14
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Huang B, Yang K, Amanze C, Yan Z, Zhou H, Liu X, Qiu G, Zeng W. Sequence and structure-guided discovery of a novel NADH-dependent 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase for efficient biosynthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106340. [PMID: 36586301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
7β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (7β-HSDHs) have attracted increasing attention due to their crucial roles in the biosynthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). However, most published 7β-HSDHs are strictly NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases with poor activity and low productivity. Compared with NADPH, NADH is more stable and cheaper, making it the more popular cofactor for industrial applications of dehydrogenases. Herein, by using a sequence and structure-guided genome mining approach based on the structural information of conserved cofactor-binding motifs, we uncovered a novel NADH-dependent 7β-HSDH (Cle7β-HSDH). The Cle7β-HSDH was overexpressed, purified, and characterized. It exhibited high specific activity (9.6 U/mg), good pH stability and thermostability, significant methanol tolerance, and showed excellent catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) towards 7-oxo-lithocholic acid (7-oxo-LCA) and NADH (70.8 mM-1s-1 and 31.8 mM-1s-1, respectively). Molecular docking and mutational analyses revealed that Asp42 could play a considerable role in NADH binding and recognition. Coupling with a glucose dehydrogenase for NADH regeneration, up to 20 mM 7-oxo-LCA could be completely transformed to UDCA within 90 min by Cle7β-HSDH. This study provides an efficient approach for mining promising enzymes from genomic databases for cost-effective biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Charles Amanze
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Hunan 410083, China.
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15
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Clean enzymatic production of ursodeoxycholic acid enabled by a newly identified NADH-dependent 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Song P, Zhang X, Feng W, Xu W, Wu C, Xie S, Yu S, Fu R. Biological synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1140662. [PMID: 36910199 PMCID: PMC9998936 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a fundamental treatment drug for numerous hepatobiliary diseases that also has adjuvant therapeutic effects on certain cancers and neurological diseases. Chemical UDCA synthesis is environmentally unfriendly with low yields. Biological UDCA synthesis by free-enzyme catalysis or whole-cell synthesis using inexpensive and readily available chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), cholic acid (CA), or lithocholic acid (LCA) as substrates is being developed. The free enzyme-catalyzed one-pot, one-step/two-step method uses hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH); whole-cell synthesis, mainly uses engineered bacteria (mainly Escherichia coli) expressing the relevant HSDHs. To further develop these methods, HSDHs with specific coenzyme dependence, high enzyme activity, good stability, and high substrate loading concentration, P450 monooxygenase with C-7 hydroxylation activity and engineered strain harboring HSDHs must be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wei Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chaoyun Wu
- Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoqing Xie
- Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Sisi Yu
- Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Rongzhao Fu
- Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
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17
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Yu L, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, Narbad A, Tian F, Zhai Q, Chen W. Cholestasis: exploring the triangular relationship of gut microbiota-bile acid-cholestasis and the potential probiotic strategies. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2181930. [PMID: 36864554 PMCID: PMC9988349 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2181930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a condition characterized by the abnormal production or excretion of bile, and it can be induced by a variety of causes, the factors of which are extremely complex. Although great progress has been made in understanding cholestasis pathogenesis, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, it is important to understand and distinguish cholestasis from different etiologies, which will also provide indispensable theoretical support for the development of corresponding therapeutic drugs. At present, the treatment of cholestasis mainly involves several bile acids (BAs) and their derivatives, most of which are in the clinical stage of development. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that ecological disorders of the gut microbiota are strongly related to the occurrence of cholestasis, in which BAs also play a pivotal role. Recent studies indicate that probiotics seem to have certain effects on cholestasis, but further confirmation from clinical trials is required. This paper reviews the etiology of and therapeutic strategies for cholestasis; summarizes the similarities and differences in inducement, symptoms, and mechanisms of related diseases; and provides information about the latest pharmacological therapies currently available and those under research for cholestasis. We also reviewed the highly intertwined relationship between gut microbiota-BA-cholestasis, revealing the potential role and possible mechanism of probiotics in the treatment of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shunhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Arjan Narbad
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Gut Health and Microbiome Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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18
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Benedetto Tiz D, Bagnoli L, Rosati O, Marini F, Santi C, Sancineto L. FDA-Approved Small Molecules in 2022: Clinical Uses and Their Synthesis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112538. [PMID: 36432728 PMCID: PMC9695118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recently FDA-approved drugs (in the year 2022). Many of these products contain active moieties that FDA had not previously approved, either as a single ingredient or as part of a combination. These products frequently provide important new therapies for patients with multiple unmet diseases. The diverse small molecules are described according to the date of approval and their syntheses is discussed. This review comprises classical chemical scaffolds together with innovative drugs such as a deuterium-containing drug.
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19
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Kollerov V, Donova M. Ursodeoxycholic acid production by Gibberella zeae mutants. AMB Express 2022; 12:105. [PMID: 35939125 PMCID: PMC9360310 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a highly demanded pharmaceutical steroid widely used in medicine. An ascomycete Gibberella zeae VKM F-2600 is capable of producing UDCA by 7β-hydroxylation of lithocholic acid (LCA). The present study is aimed at the improvement of the fungus productivity. The original procedures for the protoplast obtaining followed by UV mutagenesis and screening of ketoconazole-resistant mutant clones have been applied. The highest yield of G. zeae protoplasts was obtained when using the mycelium in the active growth phase, ammonium chloride as an osmotic stabilizer and treatment of the fungal cells by the lytic enzymes cocktail from Trichoderma hurzanium. The conditions for effective protoplast regeneration and the UV-mutagenesis were found to provide 6–12% survival rate of the protoplasts with superior number of possible mutations. Three of 27 ketoconazole-resistant mutant clones obtained have been selected due to their increased biocatalytic activity towards LCA. The mutant G. zeae M23 produced 26% more UDCA even at relatively high LCA concentration (4 g/L) as compared with parent fungal strain, and the conversion reached 88% (w/w). The yield of UDCA reached in this study prefers those ever reported. The results contribute to the knowledge on ascomycete mutagenesis, and are of importance for biotechnological production of value added cholic acids. Efficient procedures for production and regeneration of Gibberella zeae protoplasts were determined. Fungal mutants were obtained with elevated 7β-hydroxylase activity. Mutant G. zeae M23 almost fully converts LCA (4 g/L) to UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Kollerov
- Federal Research Center Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 5, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Marina Donova
- Federal Research Center Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 5, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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20
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A Novel NADP(H)-Dependent 7alpha-HSDH: Discovery and Construction of Substrate Selectivity Mutant by C-Terminal Truncation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
7α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) using complex substrate chicken bile powder as raw material. However, chicken bile powder contains 4.74% taurocholic acid (TCA), and a new by-product tauroursocholic acid (TUCA) will be produced, having the risk of causing colorectal cancer. Here, we obtained a novel NADP(H)-dependent 7α-HSDH with good thermostability from Ursus thibetanus gut microbiota (named St-2-2). St-2-2 could catalyze taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) and TCA with the catalytic activity of 128.13 and 269.39 U/mg, respectively. Interestingly, by a structure-based C-terminal truncation strategy, St-2-2△C10 only remained catalytic activity on TCDCA (14.19 U/mg) and had no activity on TCA. As a result, it can selectively catalyze TCDCA in waste chicken bile powder. MD simulation and structural analysis indicated that enhanced surface hydrophilicity and improved C-terminal rigidity affected the entry and exit of substrates. Hydrogen bond interactions between different subunits and interaction changes in Phe249 of the C-terminal loop inverted the substrate catalytic activity. This is the first report on substrate selectivity of 7α-HSDH by C-terminal truncation strategy and it can be extended to other 7α-HSDHs (J-1-1, S1-a-1).
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21
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Shi M, Tang J, Zhang T, Han H. Swertiamarin, an active iridoid glycoside from Swertia pseudochinensis H. Hara, protects against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis by activating the farnesoid X receptor and bile acid excretion pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115164. [PMID: 35278607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Swertiamarin (SW), which belongs to iridoid glycosides, is one of the main components of Swertia plants in Gentianaceae family, including Swertia pseudochinensis H. Hara and Swertia mileensis T. N. Ho et W. L. Shi. There are mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of hepatic and biliary disease such as jaundice. AIM OF THIS STUDY This experiment aimed to explore the protective mechanism of SW on cholestasis induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy rats were randomly divided into the control, model (ANIT, 50 mg/kg), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 80 mg/kg), and low-dose (SW, 80 mg/kg), medium-dose (SW, 100 mg/kg), and high-dose (SW, 150 mg/kg) groups. The hepatic protective effect of SW was preliminarily evaluated by measurement of serum biochemical indicators and liver morphological evaluation. Moreover, metabolomics and proteomics analysis were used to explore the protective mechanism of SW on cholestasis. The expression of related proteins was determined by Western blot and polymerase chain reaction, and the important proteins were verified by cell experiments in vitro. RESULTS SW (100 mg/kg) can reduce the serum levels of the model group. The hepatocyte of the medium-dose treatment group was arranged neatly without evident inflammation. SW can partially reverse the changes in cholestasis metabolites, such as taurocholic acid, SM (d18:1/16:0), all-trans-retinoic acid and other products of rats. The main metabolic pathways affected were primary bile acid synthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and retinol metabolism. SW medium-dose treatment group showed effective reversal of 25 related proteins and it can remarkably reduce the contents of NTCP and CYP27A1 in rat liver and increase the protein expressions of CYP7A1, CYP8B1, bile salt export pump, multidrug resistance-associated protein and FXR. CONCLUSIONS SW can alleviate ANIT-induced cholestasis, which by activating the farnesoid X receptor and bile acid excretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Shi
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Han Han
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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22
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Favale N, Costa S, Scapoli C, Carrieri A, Sabbioni S, Tamburini E, Benazzo A, Bernacchia G. Reconstruction of Acinetobacter johnsonii ICE_NC genome using hybrid de novo genome assemblies and identification of the 12α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1506-1519. [PMID: 35686660 PMCID: PMC9540589 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The role of a Acinetobacter johnsonii strain, isolated from a soil sample, in the biotransformation of bile acids (BAs) was already described but the enzymes responsible for these transformations were only partially purified and molecularly characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS This study describes the use of hybrid de novo assemblies, that combine long-read Oxford Nanopore and short-read Illumina sequencing strategies, to reconstruct the entire genome of A. johnsonii ICE_NC strain and to identify the coding region for a 12α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (12α-HSDH), involved in BAs metabolism. The de novo assembly of the A. johnsonii ICE_NC genome was generated using Canu and Unicycler, both strategies yielded a circular chromosome of about 3.6 Mb and one 117 kb long plasmid. Gene annotation was performed on the final assemblies and the gene for 12α-HSDH was detected on the plasmid. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate the added value of long read sequencing in addressing the challenges of whole genome characterization and plasmid reconstruction in bacteria. These approaches also allowed the identification of the A. johnsonii ICE_NC gene for the 12α-HSDH enzyme, whose activity was confirmed at the biochemical level. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OR THE STUDY At present, this is the first report on the characterization of a 12α-HSDH gene in an A. johnsonii strain able to biotransform cholic acid into ursodeoxycholic acid, a promising therapeutic agent for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Favale
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Costa
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Carrieri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Tamburini
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Benazzo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Reich JA, Aßmann M, Hölting K, Bubenheim P, Kuballa J, Liese A. Shift of the reaction equilibrium at high pressure in the continuous synthesis of neuraminic acid. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:567-579. [PMID: 35651700 PMCID: PMC9127241 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of a compound that helps fight against influenza is, in times of a pandemic, self-evident. In order to produce these compounds in vast quantities, many researchers consider continuous flow reactors in chemical industry as next stepping stone for large scale production. For these reasons, the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in a continuous fixed-bed reactor by an immobilized epimerase and aldolase was investigated in detail. The immobilized enzymes showed high stability, with half-life times > 173 days under storage conditions (6 °C in buffer) and reusability over 50 recycling steps, and were characterized regarding the reaction kinetics (initial rate) and scalability (different lab scales) in a batch reactor. The reaction kinetics were studied in a continuous flow reactor. A high-pressure circular reactor (up to 130 MPa) was applied for the investigation of changes in the position of the reaction equilibrium. By this, equilibrium conversion, selectivity, and yield were increased from 57.9% to 63.9%, 81.9% to 84.7%, and 47.5% to 54.1%, respectively. This indicates a reduction in molar volume from N-acetyl-ᴅ-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and pyruvate (Pyr) to Neu5Ac. In particular, the circular reactor showed great potential to study reactions at high pressure while allowing for easy sampling. Additionally, an increase in affinity of pyruvate towards both tested enzymes was observed when high pressure was applied, as evidenced by a decrease of KI for the epimerase and KM for the aldolase from 108 to 42 mM and 91 to 37 mM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis A Reich
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Aßmann
- GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Hölting
- GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Bubenheim
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuballa
- GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Liese
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Zhao YQ, Liu YJ, Ji WT, Liu K, Gao B, Tao XY, Zhao M, Wang FQ, Wei DZ. One-pot biosynthesis of 7β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione from phytosterols by cofactor regeneration system in engineered mycolicibacterium neoaurum. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:59. [PMID: 35397581 PMCID: PMC8994266 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 7β-hydroxylated steroids (7β-OHSt) possess significant activities in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and some of them have been widely used in clinics. However, the production of 7β-OHSt is still a challenge due to the lack of cheap 7β-hydroxy precursor and the difficulty in regio- and stereo-selectively hydroxylation at the inert C7 site of steroids in industry. The conversion of phytosterols by Mycolicibacterium species to the commercial precursor, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD), is one of the basic ways to produce different steroids. This study presents a way to produce a basic 7β-hydroxy precursor, 7β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (7β-OH-AD) in Mycolicibacterium, for 7β-OHSt synthesis. Results A mutant of P450-BM3, mP450-BM3, was mutated and engineered into an AD producing strain for the efficient production of 7β-OH-AD. The enzyme activity of mP450-BM3 was then increased by 1.38 times through protein engineering and the yield of 7β-OH-AD was increased from 34.24 mg L− 1 to 66.25 mg L− 1. To further enhance the performance of 7β-OH-AD producing strain, the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for the activity of mP450-BM3-0 was optimized by introducing an NAD kinase (NADK) and a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Finally, the engineered strain could produce 164.52 mg L− 1 7β-OH-AD in the cofactor recycling and regeneration system. Conclusions This was the first report on the one-pot biosynthesis of 7β-OH-AD from the conversion of cheap phytosterols by an engineered microorganism, and the yield was significantly increased through the mutation of mP450-BM3 combined with overexpression of NADK and G6PDH. The present strategy may be developed as a basic industrial pathway for the commercial production of high value products from cheap raw materials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01786-5.
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Jin L, Yang L, Zhao S, Wang Z. A green strategy to produce potential substitute resource for bear bile using engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:32. [PMID: 38647767 PMCID: PMC10992935 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bear bile powder is a precious natural material characterized by high content of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) at a ratio of 1.00-1.50 to taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA). RESULTS In this study, we use the crude enzymes from engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to directionally convert TCDCA from chicken bile powder to TUDCA at the committed ratio in vitro. This S. cerevisiae strain was modified with heterologous 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) and 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β-HSDH) genes. S. cerevisiae host and HSDH gene combinatorial optimization and response surface methodology was applied to get the best engineered strain and the optimal biotransformation condition, respectively, under which 10.99 ± 0.16 g/L of powder products containing 36.73 ± 6.68% of TUDCA and 28.22 ± 6.05% of TCDCA were obtained using 12.00 g/L of chicken bile powder as substrate. CONCLUSION This study provides a healthy and environmentally friendly way to produce potential alternative resource for bear bile powder from cheap and readily available chicken bile powder, and also gives a reference for the green manufacturing of other rare and endangered animal-derived valuable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jin
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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McMurdie PJ, Stoeva MK, Justice N, Nemchek M, Sieber CMK, Tyagi S, Gines J, Skennerton CT, Souza M, Kolterman O, Eid J. Increased circulating butyrate and ursodeoxycholate during probiotic intervention in humans with type 2 diabetes. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:19. [PMID: 34996347 PMCID: PMC8742391 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing body of evidence implicates the resident gut microbiota as playing a critical role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. We previously reported significant improvement in postprandial glucose control in human participants with T2D following 12-week administration of a 5-strain novel probiotic formulation (‘WBF-011’) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled setting (NCT03893422). While the clinical endpoints were encouraging, additional exploratory measurements were needed in order to link the motivating mechanistic hypothesis - increased short-chain fatty acids - with markers of disease. Results Here we report targeted and untargeted metabolomic measurements on fasting plasma (n = 104) collected at baseline and end of intervention. Butyrate and ursodeoxycholate increased among participants randomized to WBF-011, along with compelling trends between butyrate and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). In vitro monoculture experiments demonstrated that the formulation’s C. butyricum strain efficiently synthesizes ursodeoxycholate from the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholate during butyrogenic growth. Untargeted metabolomics also revealed coordinated decreases in intermediates of fatty acid oxidation and bilirubin, potential secondary signatures for metabolic improvement. Finally, improvement in HbA1c was limited almost entirely to participants not using sulfonylurea drugs. We show that these drugs can inhibit growth of formulation strains in vitro. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first description of an increase in circulating butyrate or ursodeoxycholate following a probiotic intervention in humans with T2D, adding support for the possibility of a targeted microbiome-based approach to assist in the management of T2D. The efficient synthesis of UDCA by C. butyricum is also likely of interest to investigators of its use as a probiotic in other disease settings. The potential for inhibitory interaction between sulfonylurea drugs and gut microbiota should be considered carefully in the design of future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02415-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J McMurdie
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
| | - Magdalena K Stoeva
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Nicholas Justice
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Madeleine Nemchek
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | | | - Surabhi Tyagi
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Jessica Gines
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | | | - Michael Souza
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Orville Kolterman
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - John Eid
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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Lin W, Li S, Meng Y, Huang G, Liang S, Du J, Liu Q, Cheng B. UDCA Inhibits Hypoxic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell–Induced Angiogenesis Through Suppressing HIF-1α/VEGF/IL-8 Intercellular Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755394. [PMID: 34975472 PMCID: PMC8714963 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A hypoxic microenvironment may induce angiogenesis and promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) may inhibit hypoxic HCC cell–induced angiogenesis and the possible mechanisms. Methods: Tube formation and matrigel plug angiogenesis assays were used to evaluate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and IL-8, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to assess the reporter gene expression of hypoxia-response element (HRE). Results: UDCA antagonized hypoxic Huh 7 cell-induced tube formation of EA.hy 926 cells. In HCC cells, UDCA inhibited hypoxia-induced upregulation of VEGF and IL-8 both in mRNA and protein levels. UDCA also inhibited IL-8–induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through suppressing IL-8–induced phosphorylation of ERK. The levels of HIF-1α mRNA and protein and HRE-driven luciferase activity in HCC cells were upregulated by hypoxia and were all inhibited by UDCA. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 antagonized the effect of UDCA on HIF-1α degradation. In hypoxic condition, the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT was obviously increased in HCC cells, which was suppressed by UDCA. Transfection of the HIF-1α overexpression plasmid reversed the effects of UDCA on hypoxic HCC cell–induced angiogenesis, HRE activity, and expressions of IL-8 and VEGF. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that UDCA could inhibit hypoxic HCC cell–induced angiogenesis through suppressing HIF-1α/VEGF/IL-8–mediated intercellular signaling between HCC cells and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfu Lin
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbin Meng
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Guokai Huang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Du
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Binbin Cheng, ; Qun Liu,
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Binbin Cheng, ; Qun Liu,
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Sönmezgöz E, Takci S, Gül A, Uysal M. Ursodeoxycholic acid protects neonatal rats from necrotizing enterocolitis: a biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 34:3761-3767. [PMID: 32954879 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1818210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) includes the massive production of endogenous cytokines with exaggerated activation of inflammatory pathways. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been used as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic agent. We investigated the possible protective effects of UDCA in a neonatal rat pup model of NEC. METHODS We randomly divided rat pups into three groups: a control group, a non-treated NEC group, and a UDCA-treated NEC group. We induced NEC by feeding formula enterally and via hypoxia/reoxygenation. Intestinal samples were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Blood samples were taken for biochemical analyses. RESULTS UDCA significantly reduced the extents of terminal ileal and jejunal injuries compared to the NEC group (p < .01), reduced Bax and caspase-3 immunoreactivities (both p < .01), and lowered serum levels of platelet-activating factor and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (p < .01, p = .023, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of NEC, UDCA protects against adverse intestinal histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical changes. UDCA significantly reduces the effects of NEC on the rat pup intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergün Sönmezgöz
- Department of Pediatrics, Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Sahin Takci
- Department of Neonatology, Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ali Gül
- Department of Pediatrics, Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Murat Uysal
- Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi, Tokat, Turkey
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Zheng Y, Ran Y, Zhang H, Wang B, Zhou L. The Microbiome in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Metagenomic and Metabolomic Changes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715852. [PMID: 34690796 PMCID: PMC8531204 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified the critical role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Metagenomic studies reveal significant decrease of gut bacterial diversity in AILDs. Although profiles of metagenomic vary widely, Veillonella is commonly enriched in AIH, PBC, and PSC. Apart from gut microbiome, the oral and bile microbiome seem to be associated with these diseases as well. The functional analysis of metagenomics suggests that metabolic pathways changed in the gut microbiome of the patients. Microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial bile acid metabolites, have been shown to modulate innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and inflammation. Taken together, the evidence of host–microbiome interactions and in-depth mechanistic studies needs further accumulation, which will offer more possibilities to clarify the mechanisms of AILDs and provide potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
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Bertuletti S, Ferrandi EE, Monti D, Fronza G, Bassanini I, Riva S. Synthesis of ω‐Muricholic Acid by One‐Pot Enzymatic Mitsunobu Inversion using Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Bertuletti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department University of Milan Via Mangiagalli 25 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Erica Elisa Ferrandi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Giovanni Fronza
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Ivan Bassanini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Mario Bianco 9 Milano 20131 Italy
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Shan D, Dong R, Hu Y. Current understanding of autophagy in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Placenta 2021; 115:53-59. [PMID: 34560328 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disease during pregnancy. Manifested with pruritus and elevation in bile acids, the etiology of ICP is still poorly understood. Although ICP is considered relatively benign for the mother, increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes including sudden fetal demise are possible devastating outcomes associated with ICP. Limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms restricted treatment options and managements of ICP. In recent decades, evolving evidence indicated the significance of autophagy in pregnancy and pregnancy complications. Autophagy is an ancient self-defense mechanism which is essential for cell survival, differentiation and development. Autophagy has pivotal roles in embryogenesis, implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy, and is involved in the orchestration of diverse physiological and pathological cellular responses in patients with pregnancy complications. Recent advances in these research fields provide tantalizing targets on autophagy to improve the care of pregnant women. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding autophagy in ICP and its possible roles in the causation and prevention of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruihong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yayi Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Kim KH, Lee CW, Pardhe BD, Hwang J, Do H, Lee YM, Lee JH, Oh TJ. Crystal structure of an apo 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reveals key structural changes induced by substrate and co-factor binding. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105945. [PMID: 34171491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
7α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) catalyzes the dehydrogenation of a hydroxyl group at the 7α position in steroid substrates using NAD+ or NADP+ as a co-factor. Although studies have determined the binary and ternary complex structures, detailed structural changes induced by ligand and co-factor binding remain unclear, because ligand-free structures are not yet available. Here, we present the crystal structure of apo 7α-HSDH from Escherichia coli (Eco-7α-HSDH) at 2.7 Å resolution. We found that the apo form undergoes substantial conformational changes in the β4-α4 loop, α7-α8 helices, and C-terminus loop among the four subunits comprising the tetramer. Furthermore, a comparison of the apo structure with the binary (NAD+)-complex and ternary (NADH and 7-oxoglycochenodeoxycholic acid)-complex Eco-7α-HSDH structures revealed that only the ternary-complex structure has a fully closed conformation, whereas the binary-complex and apo structures have a semi-closed or open conformation. This open-to-closed transition forces several catalytically important residues (S146, Y159, and K163) into correct positions for catalysis. To confirm the catalytic activity, we used alcohol dehydrogenase for NAD+ regeneration to allow efficient conversion of chenodeoxycholic acid to 7-ketolithocholic acid by Eco-7α-HSDH. These findings demonstrate that apo Eco-7α-HSDH exhibits intrinsically flexible characteristics with an open conformation. This structural information provides novel insight into the 7α-HSDH reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hwa Kim
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Bashu Dev Pardhe
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisub Hwang
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackwon Do
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Mi Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea; Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan, 31460, Republic of Korea.
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Rezaie M, Gholami R, Jafari M, Haghighinejad H. Evaluating the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on total bilirubin of neonates with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency complicated by indirect hyperbilirubinaemia. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1175-1181. [PMID: 33682983 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to phototherapy in neonates with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and hyperbilirubinaemia. G6PD deficiency is a common cause of severe hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates. METHODS This study was a triple blind, clinical trial study of 40 neonates with G6PD deficiency and hyperbilirubinaemia who admitted for phototherapy in hospitals affiliated to the University of Medical Sciences. The treatment group (n = 20) received UDCA 10 mg/kg (2 cc/kg) daily divided into 2 doses every 12 h. The control group (n = 20) received the same volume of placebo syrup. The drug and placebo treatments were continued until the bilirubin level dropped below 171 μmol/L. Both the control and treatment group received continuous phototherapy. Independent sample t-test, survival analysis and logrank test were used to statistically analyse the results. RESULTS The mean total bilirubin level was 231.9 ± 18.8 μmol/L and 184.3 ± 18.6 μmol/L in the control and intervention group respectively, 24 h after drug administration and 209.7 ± 19.3 μmol/L and 157.4 ± 16.4 μmol/L, respectively, 48 h after intervention (P < 0.05). The median length of hospitalisation in the treatment group was approximately 1 day lower than the control group (logrank test P value: <0.001). CONCLUSION The study showed that the addition of UDCA to phototherapy accelerates the reduction of total bilirubin level in neonates with G6PD deficiency and can reduce the duration of hospitalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Rezaie
- Department of Family Medicine and Department of Pediatric Medicine and Neonatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roya Gholami
- Department of Family medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chen W, Hu D, Feng Z, Liu Z. An effective synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid from dehydroepiandrosterone. Steroids 2021; 172:108870. [PMID: 34038744 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthetic route of producing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was developed through multiple reactions from plant-source dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), with a Mistunobu reaction and regioselective allyl oxidationat as the key steps. The reaction conditions of the key allyl oxidation reaction were also investigated and optimized, including solvent, oxidant and reaction temperature. In this novel route for the preparation of UDCA, most of the reaction steps have high conversions and overall yield up to 35% for 8 steps. Since all starting materials are cost-effective, commercially available and effectively avoided the risk of animal derived raw materials, this promising synthetic route offers economical and efficient strategies for potential production of UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chen
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
| | - Daihua Hu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
| | - Zili Feng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
| | - Zhaopeng Liu
- Key Lab. of Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education), Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Yi D, Bayer T, Badenhorst CPS, Wu S, Doerr M, Höhne M, Bornscheuer UT. Recent trends in biocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8003-8049. [PMID: 34142684 PMCID: PMC8288269 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has undergone revolutionary progress in the past century. Benefited by the integration of multidisciplinary technologies, natural enzymatic reactions are constantly being explored. Protein engineering gives birth to robust biocatalysts that are widely used in industrial production. These research achievements have gradually constructed a network containing natural enzymatic synthesis pathways and artificially designed enzymatic cascades. Nowadays, the development of artificial intelligence, automation, and ultra-high-throughput technology provides infinite possibilities for the discovery of novel enzymes, enzymatic mechanisms and enzymatic cascades, and gradually complements the lack of remaining key steps in the pathway design of enzymatic total synthesis. Therefore, the research of biocatalysis is gradually moving towards the era of novel technology integration, intelligent manufacturing and enzymatic total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yi
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Thomas Bayer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Mark Doerr
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
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de Martino MT, Tonin F, Bloemendal VRLJ, Hanefeld U, Rutjes FPJT, van Hest JCM. Compartmentalized cross-linked enzyme nano aggregates ( c-CLE nAs) toward pharmaceutical transformations. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21857-21861. [PMID: 35478789 PMCID: PMC9034143 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new immobilization strategy using compartmentalized nanoreactors is herein reported for two biocatalytic processes: (1) N-acetylneuraminate lyase (NAL) is internalized in NAL-c-CLEnAs and used in a continuous flow aldol condensation of N-acetyl-d-mannosamine with sodium pyruvate to N-acetylneuraminic acid; (2) two hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDH) 7α- and 7β-HSDH are incorporated in c-CLEnAs and used in a two-step cascade batch synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The versatile use of c-CLEnA demonstrates that this immobilization methodology is a valuable addition to the toolbox of synthetic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa de Martino
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Tonin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Victor R L J Bloemendal
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands .,Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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Liu Z, Zhang R, Zhang W, Xu Y. Ile258Met mutation of Brucella melitensis 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase significantly enhances catalytic efficiency, cofactor affinity, and thermostability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3573-3586. [PMID: 33937927 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NAD(H)-dependent 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of chenodeoxycholic acid to 7-oxolithocholic acid. Here, we designed mutations of Ile258 adjacent to the catalytic pocket of Brucella melitensis 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The I258M variant gave a 4.7-fold higher kcat, but 4.5-fold lower KM, compared with the wild type, resulting in a 21.8-fold higher kcat/KM value for chenodeoxycholic acid oxidation. It presented a 2.0-fold lower KM value with NAD+, suggesting stronger binding to the cofactor. I258M produced 7-oxolithocholic acid in the highest yield of 92.3% in 2 h, whereas the wild-type gave 88.4% in 12 h. The I258M mutation increased the half-life from 20.8 to 31.1 h at 30 °C. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated increased interactions and a modified tunnel improved the catalytic efficiency, and enhanced rigidity at three regions around the ligand-binding pocket increased the enzyme thermostability. This is the first report about significantly improved catalytic efficiency, cofactor affinity, and enzyme thermostability through single site-mutation of Brucella melitensis 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. KEY POINTS: • Sequence and structure analysis guided the site mutation design. • Thermostability, catalytic efficiency and 7-oxo-LCA production were determined. • MD simulation was performed to indicate the improvement by I258M mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenchi Zhang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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Grobe S, Badenhorst CPS, Bayer T, Hamnevik E, Wu S, Grathwol CW, Link A, Koban S, Brundiek H, Großjohann B, Bornscheuer UT. Modifikation der Regioselektivität einer P450‐Monooxygenase ermöglicht die Synthese von Ursodeoxycholsäure durch die 7β‐Hydroxylierung von Lithocholsäure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Grobe
- Abteilung für Biotechnologie und Enzymkatalyse Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Abteilung für Biotechnologie und Enzymkatalyse Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Thomas Bayer
- Abteilung für Biotechnologie und Enzymkatalyse Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Emil Hamnevik
- Abteilung für Biotechnologie und Enzymkatalyse Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Shuke Wu
- Abteilung für Biotechnologie und Enzymkatalyse Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Christoph W. Grathwol
- Institut für Pharmazie Universität Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Andreas Link
- Institut für Pharmazie Universität Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Sven Koban
- Enzymicals AG Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Henrike Brundiek
- Enzymicals AG Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Beatrice Großjohann
- HERBRAND PharmaChemicals GmbH, Betriebsstätte Anklam An der Redoute 1 17390 Murchin Deutschland
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Abteilung für Biotechnologie und Enzymkatalyse Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
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Grobe S, Badenhorst CPS, Bayer T, Hamnevik E, Wu S, Grathwol CW, Link A, Koban S, Brundiek H, Großjohann B, Bornscheuer UT. Engineering Regioselectivity of a P450 Monooxygenase Enables the Synthesis of Ursodeoxycholic Acid via 7β-Hydroxylation of Lithocholic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:753-757. [PMID: 33085147 PMCID: PMC7839452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We engineered the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP107D1 (OleP) from Streptomyces antibioticus for the stereo- and regioselective 7β-hydroxylation of lithocholic acid (LCA) to yield ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). OleP was previously shown to hydroxylate testosterone at the 7β-position but LCA is exclusively hydroxylated at the 6β-position, forming murideoxycholic acid (MDCA). Structural and 3DM analysis, and molecular docking were used to identify amino acid residues F84, S240, and V291 as specificity-determining residues. Alanine scanning identified S240A as a UDCA-producing variant. A synthetic "small but smart" library based on these positions was screened using a colorimetric assay for UDCA. We identified a nearly perfectly regio- and stereoselective triple mutant (F84Q/S240A/V291G) that produces 10-fold higher levels of UDCA than the S240A variant. This biocatalyst opens up new possibilities for the environmentally friendly synthesis of UDCA from the biological waste product LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Grobe
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Thomas Bayer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Emil Hamnevik
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Christoph W. Grathwol
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GreifswaldFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 1717487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GreifswaldFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 1717487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Sven Koban
- Enzymicals AGWalther-Rathenau-Str. 4917487GreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Beatrice Großjohann
- HERBRAND PharmaChemicals GmbH, Betriebsstätte AnklamAn der Redoute 117390MurchinGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
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Micó-Carnero M, Rojano-Alfonso C, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Gracia-Sancho J, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. Effects of Gut Metabolites and Microbiota in Healthy and Marginal Livers Submitted to Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E44. [PMID: 33375200 PMCID: PMC7793124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is defined as the collection of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal ecosystem. These microbes are strongly implicated in the stimulation of immune responses. An unbalanced microbiota, termed dysbiosis, is related to the development of several liver diseases. The bidirectional relationship between the gut, its microbiota and the liver is referred to as the gut-liver axis. The translocation of bacterial products from the intestine to the liver induces inflammation in different cell types such as Kupffer cells, and a fibrotic response in hepatic stellate cells, resulting in deleterious effects on hepatocytes. Moreover, ischemia-reperfusion injury, a consequence of liver surgery, alters the microbiota profile, affecting inflammation, the immune response and even liver regeneration. Microbiota also seems to play an important role in post-operative outcomes (i.e., liver transplantation or liver resection). Nonetheless, studies to determine changes in the gut microbial populations produced during and after surgery, and affecting liver function and regeneration are scarce. In the present review we analyze and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies reported in the literature focused on the evaluation of alterations in microbiota and its products as well as their effects on post-operative outcomes in hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Micó-Carnero
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Carlos Rojano-Alfonso
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Escuela de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institut of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory IDIBAPS, 03036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araní Casillas-Ramírez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria “Bicentenario 2010”, Ciudad Victoria 87087, Mexico;
- Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros 87300, Mexico
| | - Carmen Peralta
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (C.R.-A.)
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Chen L, van den Munckhof ICL, Schraa K, Ter Horst R, Koehorst M, van Faassen M, van der Ley C, Doestzada M, Zhernakova DV, Kurilshikov A, Bloks VW, Groen AK, Riksen NP, Rutten JHW, Joosten LAB, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A, Netea MG, Fu J, Kuipers F. Genetic and Microbial Associations to Plasma and Fecal Bile Acids in Obesity Relate to Plasma Lipids and Liver Fat Content. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108212. [PMID: 33027657 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are implicated in the etiology of obesity-related conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Differently structured BA species display variable signaling activities via farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein-coupled BA receptor 1 (TGR5). This study profiles plasma and fecal BAs and plasma 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) in 297 persons with obesity, identifies underlying genetic and microbial determinants, and establishes BA correlations with liver fat and plasma lipid parameters. We identify 27 genetic associations (p < 5 × 10-8) and 439 microbial correlations (FDR < 0.05) for 50 BA entities. Additionally, we report 111 correlations between BA and 88 lipid parameters (FDR < 0.05), mainly for C4 reflecting hepatic BA synthesis. Inter-individual variability in the plasma BA profile does not reflect hepatic BA synthetic pathways, but rather transport and metabolism within the enterohepatic circulation. Our study reveals genetic and microbial determinants of BAs in obesity and their relationship to disease-relevant lipid parameters that are important for the design of personalized therapies targeting BA-signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Inge C L van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, the Netherlands
| | - Kiki Schraa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Claude van der Ley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Marwah Doestzada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Daria V Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Computer Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1012WX, the Netherlands
| | | | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, the Netherlands
| | - Joost H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, Groningen 9712CP, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, the Netherlands; Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany; Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands.
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands.
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Lee SJ, Malpani YR, Kim IW. Development of a packed-bed flow process for the production scale hydrogenation of 7-oxo-lithocholic acid to ursodeoxycholic acid. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Laccase Did It again: A Scalable and Clean Regeneration System for NAD+ and Its Application in the Synthesis of 12-oxo-Hydroxysteroids. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific oxidation of 12α-OH group of hydroxysteroids is required for the preparation of cheno- and ursodeoxycholic acid (CDCA and UDCA, respectively). The C12 oxidation of hydroxysteroids into their 12-oxo derivatives can selectively be performed by employing 12α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. These enzymes use NAD(P)+ as an electron acceptor, which has to be re-oxidized in a so-called “regeneration system”. Recently, the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) was applied for the regeneration of NAD+ in the enzymatic preparation of 12-oxo-CDCA from cholic acid (CA), which allows air to be used as an oxidant. However, the NOX system suffers from low activity and low stability. Moreover, the substrate loading is limited to 10 mM. In this study, the laccase/mediator system was investigated as a possible alternative to NOX, employing air as an oxidant. The laccase/mediator system shows higher productivity and scalability than the NOX system. This was proven with a preparative biotransformation of 20 g of CA into 12-oxo-CDCA (92% isolated yield) by employing a substrate loading of 120 mM (corresponding to 50 g/L). Additionally, the performance of the laccase/mediator system was compared with a classical ADH/acetone regeneration system and with other regeneration systems reported in literature.
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Wei X, Fan X, Feng Z, Ma Y, Lan X, Chen M. Ethyl acetate extract of herpetospermum pedunculosum alleviates α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis by activating the farnesoid x receptor and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:153257. [PMID: 32534360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, seeds of Herpetospermum pedunculosum were used to treat liver disease or cholepathy. Up to date, their protecting effect against cholestasis was remain unclarified. PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy, possible mechanisms, and active constituents of the ethyl acetate extract from the seeds of Herpetospermum pedunculosum (HPEAE), studies were carried out using cholestasis rat model induced by α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT). METHODS Male rats were intragastrically treated with HPEAE (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) once a day for 7 days and were modeled with ANIT (60 mg/kg). The levels of serum indicators, bile flow, and histopathology were evaluated. Indices of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting method was employed for analyzing the protein levels in the signal pathways of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), kelch ech associating protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The chemical compositions of HPEAE was analyzed by HPLC, and partially chemical components of HPEAE were identified by comparisons of their retention times with the standards. The FXR agonistic activity of the identified compounds was evaluated in l-02 cells induced by guggulsterone using a high-content screening system. RESULTS The cholestasis caused by ANIT can be significantly ameliorated by restoring the liver function indexes of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and total bile acid, which are dose-dependent, as well as pathological liver injury and bile flow. Mechanical studies suggested that HPEAE can activate the expression of FXR and then up regulate its downstream proteins (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, bile salt export pump and Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide). Moreover, the levels of the active oxygen index glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and malondialdehyde were markedly restored by treatment with HPEAE. Western blotting further confirmed that HPEAE up regulated the expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme oxygenase 1 and Keap1, lowered the expression of Nrf2 and reduced oxidative stress. HPEAE also up regulated P-glycoprotein 65, phosphorylated P-glycoprotein 65 and inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α expression, down regulated inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), restored inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10, and reduced inflammatory response. Fifteen compounds were identified (12 lignans and 3 coumarins). Among them, five lignans exhibited the significant FXR agonistic activity in vitro. CONCLUSION HPEAE may alleviate the cholestasis and liver injury caused by ANIT in rats by activating FXR, as well as suppressing the Keap1/Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways and lignans may be its main active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Yingxiong Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant R&D Center, XiZang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China.
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Bertuletti S, Ferrandi EE, Marzorati S, Vanoni M, Riva S, Monti D. Insights into the Substrate Promiscuity of Novel Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Bertuletti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano Via Giuseppe Colombo 60 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Erica Elisa Ferrandi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Stefano Marzorati
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Marta Vanoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
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Meadows V, Kennedy L, Kundu D, Alpini G, Francis H. Bile Acid Receptor Therapeutics Effects on Chronic Liver Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:15. [PMID: 32064266 PMCID: PMC7000431 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past ten years, our understanding of the importance of bile acids has expanded from fat absorption and glucose/lipid/energy homeostasis into potential therapeutic targets for amelioration of chronic cholestatic liver diseases. The discovery of important bile acid signaling mechanisms, as well as their role in metabolism, has increased the interest in bile acid/bile acid receptor research development. Bile acid levels and speciation are dysregulated during liver injury/damage resulting in cytotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis. An increasing focus to target bile acid receptors, responsible for bile acid synthesis and circulation, such as Farnesoid X receptor and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter to reduce bile acid synthesis have resulted in clinical trials for treatment of previously untreatable chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. This review focuses on current bile acid receptor mediators and their effects on parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. Attention will also be brought to the gut/liver axis during chronic liver damage and its treatment with bile acid receptor modulators. Overall, these studies lend evidence to the importance of bile acids and their receptors on liver disease establishment and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vik Meadows
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Grobe S, Wszołek A, Brundiek H, Fekete M, Bornscheuer UT. Highly selective bile acid hydroxylation by the multifunctional bacterial P450 monooxygenase CYP107D1 (OleP). Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:819-824. [PMID: 31974648 PMCID: PMC7101289 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of lithocholic acid (LCA) using CYP107D1 (OleP), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from the oleandomycin synthesis pathway of Streptomyces antibioticus. RESULTS Co-expression of CYP107D1 from S. antibioticus and the reductase/ferredoxin system PdR/PdX from Pseudomonas putida was performed in Escherichia coli whole cells. In vivo hydroxylation of LCA exclusively yielded the 6β-OH product murideoxycholic acid (MDCA). In resting cells, 19.5% of LCA was converted to MDCA within 24 h, resulting in a space time yield of 0.04 mmol L-1 h-1. NMR spectroscopy confirmed the identity of MDCA as the sole product. CONCLUSIONS The multifunctional P450 monooxygenase CYP107D1 (OleP) can hydroxylate LCA, forming MDCA as the only product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Grobe
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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Elfahmi, Chahyadi A. The diversity of ursodeoxycholic acid precursors from bile waste of commercially available fishes, poultry and livestock in Indonesia. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-979020200001181094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elfahmi
- Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
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Marsden SR, Mestrom L, McMillan DGG, Hanefeld U. Thermodynamically and Kinetically Controlled Reactions in Biocatalysis – from Concepts to Perspectives. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R. Marsden
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling BiotechnologieTechnische Universiteit Delft Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629HZ The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Mestrom
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling BiotechnologieTechnische Universiteit Delft Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629HZ The Netherlands
| | - Duncan G. G. McMillan
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling BiotechnologieTechnische Universiteit Delft Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629HZ The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Biokatalyse, Afdeling BiotechnologieTechnische Universiteit Delft Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629HZ The Netherlands
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Goossens JF, Bailly C. Ursodeoxycholic acid and cancer: From chemoprevention to chemotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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