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Kaveti B, Rentería-Gómez MA, Corona-Díaz A, Pharande SG, Rentería-Gómez Á, Gámez-Montaño R. Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions Coupled One-Pot Process: Efficient Tools to Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Structural Peptidomimetics. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300633. [PMID: 38350019 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Multicomponent diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of conformationally anchored structural peptidomimetics like 2,5-diketopiperazines (2,5-DKP) containing heterocyclic bioisosteres of the amide bond, such as 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles (1,5-DS-T) is described. Structural peptidomimetics are synthesized from similar available starting materials, via a strategy based on isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs): Ugi-4CR and Ugi-Azide (UA), followed by a one-pot process: SN2/intramolecular alkyne-azide cycloaddition (IAAC). The sequential aligning of two powerful synthetic tools (IMCR and IAAC) has parallelly contributed to generate anchored conformation and complexity in target molecules, which are considered structural peptidomimetics of 2,5-DKP. Herein, the 1,2,3-triazole ring plays a key role in the preference for the boat conformation. Furthermore, the use of UA reaction generates scaffold diversity at the N-1 α-carbon of the pyrazinone ring, replacing a linear amide bond with a heterocyclic bioisostere such as 1,5-DS-T leading to the synthesis of novel tricyclic peptidomimetics. The DFT calculations confirmed the boat conformation of the synthesized molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Kaveti
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P., 36050, Gto., México
| | - Manuel A Rentería-Gómez
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P., 36050, Gto., México
| | - Alejandro Corona-Díaz
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P., 36050, Gto., México
| | - Shrikant G Pharande
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P., 36050, Gto., México
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P., 36050, Gto., México
| | - Rocío Gámez-Montaño
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P., 36050, Gto., México
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Neo AG, Ramiro JL, García-Valverde M, Díaz J, Marcos CF. Stefano Marcaccini: a pioneer in isocyanide chemistry. Mol Divers 2024; 28:335-418. [PMID: 37043161 PMCID: PMC10876884 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Stefano Marcaccini was one of the pioneers in the use of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions in organic synthesis. Throughout his career at the University of Florence he explored many different faces of isocyanide chemistry, especially those geared towards the synthesis of biologically relevant heterocycles. His work inspired many researchers who contributed to other important developments in the field of multicomponent reactions and created a school of synthetic chemists that continues today. In this manuscript we intend to review the articles on isocyanide multicomponent reactions published by Dr. Marcaccini and analyse their influence on the following works by other researchers. With this, we hope to highlight the immense contribution of Stefano Marcaccini to the development of isocyanide chemistry and modern organic synthesis as well as the influence of his research on future generations. We believe that this review will not only be a well-deserved tribute to the figure of Stefano Marcaccini, but will also serve as a useful inspiration for chemists working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Neo
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José Luis Ramiro
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - María García-Valverde
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos F Marcos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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3
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Advances in the Synthesis of Fused 1,2,3-Triazoles via a MCR-Intramolecular Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Approach. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010308. [PMID: 36615500 PMCID: PMC9821980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review narrates several reports which deal with the synthesis of fused 1,2,3-triazole containing scaffolds following a sequential multicomponent reaction (MCR)-intramolecular azide-alkyne cycloaddition (IAAC) approach. The reviewed reactions were cleverly designed so as to incorporate azide and alkyne functionalities in the MCR product which was then subjected to IAAC. The review is divided into two sections based on the number of components in the multicomponent reaction. We have aimed at a critical discussion and also have highlighted either advantages or disadvantages of each methodology.
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Mishra R, Sharma AK, Kumar R, Baweja V, Mothsra P, Singh MK, Yadav SB. Solid support based synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines: A mini review. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.2024855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S. College, B.R.A. Bihar University, India
| | - Varsha Baweja
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Mothsra
- Department of Chemistry, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Manoj K. Singh
- Rajkiya Engineering College, Banda, Atarra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wu C, Murugan SP, Wang Y, Pan H, Sun B, Lin Y, Fatimah S, Chang AHH, Chen C, Lee G. Synthesis of Indoline‐Fused 2,5‐Diketopiperazine Scaffolds
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Ugi‐4CR in the Basic Mediated Tandem Consecutive Cyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Yu Wu
- Department of Nursing Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology Hualien 970302 Taiwan
| | | | - Yu‐Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Shoufeng Hualien 974301 Taiwan
| | - Hao‐Wei Pan
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Shoufeng Hualien 974301 Taiwan
| | - Bing‐Jian Sun
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Shoufeng Hualien 974301 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Shoufeng Hualien 974301 Taiwan
| | - Siti Fatimah
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Shoufeng Hualien 974301 Taiwan
| | - Agnes H. H. Chang
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Shoufeng Hualien 974301 Taiwan
| | - Chinpiao Chen
- Department of Nursing Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology Hualien 970302 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry National Dong Hwa University Shoufeng Hualien 974301 Taiwan
| | - Gene‐Hsian Lee
- Instrumentation Center National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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Mazur MO, Zhelavskyi OS, Zviagin EM, Shishkina SV, Musatov VI, Kolosov MA, Shvets EH, Andryushchenko AY, Chebanov VA. Effective microwave-assisted approach to 1,2,3-triazolobenzodiazepinones via tandem Ugi reaction/catalyst-free intramolecular azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:678-687. [PMID: 33777243 PMCID: PMC7961865 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel catalyst-free synthetic approach to 1,2,3-triazolobenzodiazepinones has been developed and optimized. The Ugi reaction of 2-azidobenzaldehyde, various amines, isocyanides, and acids followed by microwave-assisted intramolecular azide-alkyne cycloaddition (IAAC) gave a series of target heterocyclic compounds in moderate to excellent yields. Surprisingly, the normally required ruthenium-based catalysts were found to not affect the IAAC, only making isolation of the target compounds harder while the microwave-assisted catalyst-free conditions were effective for both terminal and non-terminal alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna O Mazur
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii S Zhelavskyi
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, 930 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eugene M Zviagin
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, 639 N 12th St, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Svitlana V Shishkina
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I Musatov
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Maksim A Kolosov
- Department of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Elena H Shvets
- Department of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Anna Yu Andryushchenko
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn A Chebanov
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
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One-pot approach: Tandem consecutive Ugi-4CR/ACM-type reaction towards the synthesis of functionalised quinoline-2(1H)-one scaffolds. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Sutanto F, Shaabani S, Neochoritis CG, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Patil P, Ghonchepour E, Dömling A. Multicomponent reaction-derived covalent inhibitor space. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd9307. [PMID: 33536213 PMCID: PMC7857676 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The area of covalent inhibitors is gaining momentum due to recently introduced clinical drugs, but libraries of these compounds are scarce. Multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry is well known for its easy access to a very large and diverse chemical space. Here, we show that MCRs are highly suitable to generate libraries of electrophiles based on different scaffolds and three-dimensional shapes and highly compatible with multiple functional groups. According to the building block principle of MCR, acrylamide, acrylic acid ester, sulfurylfluoride, chloroacetic acid amide, nitrile, and α,β-unsaturated sulfonamide warheads can be easily incorporated into many different scaffolds. We show examples of each electrophile on 10 different scaffolds on a preparative scale as well as in a high-throughput synthesis mode on a nanoscale to produce libraries of potential covalent binders in a resource- and time-saving manner. Our operational procedure is simple, mild, and step economical to facilitate future covalent library synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandi Sutanto
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pravin Patil
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Ghonchepour
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Kang GF, Zhang G. One-pot synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithione derivatives via three-component reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1447-1455. [PMID: 32647546 PMCID: PMC7323627 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free one-pot synthetic methodology was developed for the preparation of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithione derivatives through three-component reactions of arylaldehydes, thiourea, and orthoformates. The procedure tolerated a diverse range of arylaldehydes and orthoformates and provided a rapid entry to a variety of 4-aryl-6-(alkylthio)-3,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2(1H)-thiones (29 examples). The synthetic strategy relies on the dual role of thiourea in the cyclization with the aldehydes and the alkylation via an intermediate imidate formation. The structures of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithione derivatives were characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Feng Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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10
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Marzouk AA, Bass AKA, Ahmed MS, Abdelhamid AA, Elshaier YAMM, Salman AMM, Aly OM. Design, synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of new imidazolidindione and imidazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104020. [PMID: 32599366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
New imidazolidindiones and tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activity through pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and maximal electroshock (MES) tests using valproate sodium and phenytoin sodium as reference drugs, respectively. Most of the target compounds showed excellent activity against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures with fair to no-activity against MES. Compounds 3d, 4e, 11b, and 11e showed higher activity (120%) than that of valproate sodium in PTZ model. Almost all compounds showed no neurotoxicity, as indicated by the rotarod test. Estimation of physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles of the target compounds were studied. The chemical structures of the target compounds were characterized by different spectrometric methods and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Marzouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt.
| | - Amr K A Bass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Montaser Sh Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Antar A Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M M Salman
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar M Aly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
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Sudhapriya N, Manikandan A, Kumar MR, Perumal P. Cu-mediated synthesis of differentially substituted diazepines as AChE inhibitors; validation through molecular docking and Lipinski’s filter to develop novel anti-neurodegenerative drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1308-1312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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One-Pot Synthesis of Triazolobenzodiazepines Through Decarboxylative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides and Cu-Free Click Reactions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030601. [PMID: 30743991 PMCID: PMC6384988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of triazolobenzodiazepine-containing polycyclic compounds is introduced. The reaction process involves a decarboxylative three-component [3 + 2] cycloaddition of nonstabilized azomethine ylides, N-propargylation, and intramolecular click reactions.
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Vroemans R, Verhaegen Y, Dieu MTT, Dehaen W. Assembly of fully substituted triazolochromenes via a novel multicomponent reaction or mechanochemical synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2689-2697. [PMID: 30410630 PMCID: PMC6204814 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A new metal-free one-pot three-component procedure towards fully substituted triazolochromenes has been developed, starting from commercially available materials. Salicylaldehydes and nitroalkenes were reacted under solvent-free conditions, followed by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the intermediate 3-nitro-2H-chromenes with organic azides in a one-pot two-step sequence. The triazolochromenes were formed with complete regioselectivity and new biologically relevant structures were synthesized via extension of the developed procedure and via postfunctionalization. The mechanochemical synthesis was carried out for several salicylaldehydes and gave a clear improvement in the yield of the corresponding triazolochromenes and consequently showed to be a viable alternative for solid salicylaldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robby Vroemans
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yenthel Verhaegen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - My Tran Thi Dieu
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- The University of Danang, University of Science and Education, 459 Ton Duc Thang, Lien Chieu, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Luan LB, Song ZJ, Li ZM, Wang QR. Synthesis of new tricyclic 5,6-dihydro-4 H-benzo[ b][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- d][1,4]diazepine derivatives by [3 + + 2]-cycloaddition/rearrangement reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1826-1833. [PMID: 30112086 PMCID: PMC6071722 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new series of tricyclic heterocycles, namely 5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-d][1,4]diazepinium salts 10 and the related neutral, free bases 13 were synthesized from 4-acetoxy-1-acetyl-4-phenylazo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines 8 and nitriles 9 in the presence of aluminium chloride by the [3+ + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of the in situ generated azocarbenium intermediates 14 followed by a ring-expansion rearrangement. In the rearrangement reaction, the phenyl substituent in the initially formed spiro-triazolium adducts 16 underwent a [1,2]-migration from C(3) to the electron-deficient N(2). This led to the ring expansion from 6-membered piperidine to 7-membered diazepine furnishing the tricyclic 1,2,4-triazole-fused 1,4-benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Luan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jie Song
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
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