Designing, DFT, biological, & molecular docking analysis of new Iron(III) & copper(II) complexes incorporating 1-{[-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino}-5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (PHNS)

The exploration encompassed the synthesis and characterization of two innovative complexes, namely FePHNS and CuPHNS, employing a diverse array of analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, molar conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility assessments, and thermal analysis (TGA). In the spectral domain, infrared spectroscopy substantiated the tridentate ONS coordination of the PHNS ligand to the central metal atom. Thermal analysis offered valuable insights into the distribution and content of water molecules within the complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were harnessed to validate the molecular structures of both the PHNS ligand and its complex entities, providing an intricate comprehension of their quantum chemical parameters. The investigation extended to an evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant efficacy of the PHNS ligand and its complexes, revealing heightened biological activities for the complexes in comparison to the free PHNS ligand, notably with the CuPHNS complex demonstrating the highest activity, while the PHNS ligand exhibited the lowest. To delve into potential physiological activities, molecular docking studies were conducted, predicting the binding affinity of the compounds to proteins 2vf5 (Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase in complex with glucosamine-6-phosphate) from Escherichia coli, 3cku (rate oxidase from Aspergillus flavus complexed with its inhibitor 8-azaxanthin and chloride) from Aspergillus flavus, and 5IJT (Crystal structure of Human Peroxiredoxin 2 Oxidized). The ensuing analysis of protein-ligand interactions and binding energies underscored the promising physiological activities of the investigated compounds, warranting further exploration for their potential in novel drug development.

Synthesis and Insecticidal Evaluation of 3,5-Dicyanopyridines Against Cotton Aphids via Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Reactions

Certain 2-amino-6-alkoxy-4-arylpyridine-3,5-dicyanide 1a-e were prepared via a straightforward process using microwave technology rather than conventional methods. This involved reaction of arylidenemalononitrile thru propanedinitrile in the occurrence of sodium alkoxide under MW. While, their positional isomer 4-amino-6-alkoxy-2-arylpyridine-3,5-dicyanide 3a-j have been separated from the reaction of aryl aldehydes with 2-aminoprop-1-ene-1,1,3-tricarbonitrile 2 in the presence of sodium alkoxide using microwave technic. Furthermore, the insecticidal properties of all synthesized compounds were observed with respect to Cotton aphid nymphs and adults. Neonicotinoid pesticides are indicated as the most effective pesticides toward aphids and many other pests. Many insecticides are discovered as novelties. As a result, several pyridine compounds were chemical method synthesized to serve as equivalents of neonicotinoids, a broad class of insecticides. With LC50 value of 0.03 mg/L, components 3g exhibit the highest insecticidal bioactivity. This work discusses how to find new chemicals that could be used as insecticidal agents in the future.

Designing, Characterization, DFT, Biological Effectiveness, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Novel Fe(III), Co(II), and Cu(II) Complexes Based on 4-Hydroxy-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-2,5(6H)-dione

The main target of the current framework is the designing and synthesizing of novel iron(III), cobalt(II), and cupper(II) complex compounds emanating from bioactive nucleus, 4-hydroxy-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-2,5(6H)-dione ligand, to enhance comprehension as potential antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant alternatives by means of using DFT calculations and molecular docking investigation. Thus, the new complexes had been synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, UV spectroscopy, conductivity, and magnetic testing, as well as thermal analysis. The 4-hydroxy-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-2,5(6H)-dione ligand exhibits monobasic bidentate OO donor properties toward the metal core, as shown by its infrared spectroscopic characteristics. The use of thermal analysis techniques allows for the identification and characterization of water molecules present inside the complexes, as well as the determination of their distribution patterns. The molecular structures of free ligand and its metal complex compounds have been verified through the use of density functional theory (DFT) simulations. These simulations also provide a valuable understanding of the quantum chemical characteristics associated with these structures. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, as well as antifungal and the properties of the free ligand and its corresponding complex compounds. DATA revealed that synthesized metal complex compounds have heightened biological efficacy as related to the unbound ligand. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis was done to understand the interactions between the studied compounds and proteins derived from Escherichia coli (pdb ID: 2vf5), Aspergillus flavus (pdb ID: 3cku), and humans (pdb ID: 5IJT), which are considered to be significant in drug design. Lastly, a correlation between in vitro efficacies with molecular docking data was done and analyzed.

Green synthesis and bioefficacy screening of new insect growth regulators as eco-friendly insecticides against the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis

Overcoming or reducing the majority of difficulties caused by the use of common pesticides requires the use of developed, secure, unique and selective organic compounds. Due to their clear mechanism of action on pests and lower poisonousness towards vertebrates than conventional insecticides, juvenile hormone analogues as an example of insect growth regulators appear promising. Thus, a unique set of pure insect growth regulators has been synthesized. The structure of these synthesized compounds, which were related to the most well-known insect growth regulator insecticides, was confirmed by elemental and contemporary spectroscopic investigations (IR, UV, 1 H-NMR, 13 C NMR, and Dept 135 spectrum). Under laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of a chemically newly synthesized products was tested against the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, and compared with Fenoxycarb as a reference insecticide. Compound 7 was discovered to be more effective than the other synthetic compounds, with LC50 values of 0.907 mg/L for adult female P. solenopsis and 0.377 mg/L for third instar nymphs. Furthermore, this results concluded that the adult female's stage of P. solenopsis was less sensitive to the checked treatments as matched to the third instar nymphs.

New paracetamol hybrids as anticancer and COX-2 inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies

Drug repurposing is an emerging field in drug development that has provided many successful drugs. In the current study, paracetamol, a known antipyretic and analgesic agent, was chemically modified to generate paracetamol derivatives as anticancer and anticyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) agents. Compound 11 bearing a fluoro group was the best cytotoxic candidate with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values ranging from 1.51 to 6.31 μM and anti-COX-2 activity with IC50  = 0.29 μM, compared to the standard drugs, doxorubicin and celecoxib. The cell cycle and apoptosis studies revealed that compound 11 possesses the ability to induce cell cycle arrest in the S phase and apoptosis in colon Huh-7 cells. These results were strongly supported by docking studies, which showed strong interactions with the amino acids of the COX-2 protein, and in silico pharmacokinetic predictions were found to be favorable for these newly synthesized paracetamol derivatives. It can be concluded that compound 11 could block cell growth and proliferation by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme in cancer therapy.

Synthesis, X-ray crystallography and antimicrobial activity of 2-cyanoguanidinophenytoin

The optimized synthesis of [5-oxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene]cyanamide, which is known as 2-cyanoguanidinophenytoin (CNG-DPH) (3), and (imidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-diylidine)dicyanamide (4) has been reported in the present work. Furthermore, new Mannich bases derived from CNG-DPH were synthesized via its reaction with formaldehyde and using the corresponding amines, piperidine (base 5), and morpholine (base 6). Also, the antimicrobial activity and X-ray crystal structures for CNG-DPH and their Mannich bases were studied. The bases 3 and 6 crystallized in a monoclinic system; the crystal structure of 3 containing four molecules in the unit cell with a P21/c space group. The unit cell of 6 has eight molecules with a C2/c space group. The inter and intra hydrogen bond contacts packed and stabilized both of the structures. The morpholine ring of base 6 demonstrated a distinctive chair configuration. Mannich bases 5 and 6 showed promising antimicrobial effects. base 4 has a greater percentage for in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50) against normal cells, whereas 3 has the lowest ratio.

Functionalized Pyridines: Synthesis and Toxicity Evaluation of Potential Insecticidal Agents against Aphis craccivora

Using ultrasound technology instead of traditional methods, some pyridine derivatives were prepared by a simple procedure via a four-component reaction of different aromatic aldehydes, acetyl aryl, sodium alkoxide, and malononitrile, and additionally, all prepared compounds were monitored for insecticidal activities toward nymphs and adults of cowpea aphid. Though a lot of insecticides are discovered as a novelty on the other hand, neonicotinoid compounds are reflected as the most affected insecticides against aphids and many other pests. Thus, some of the pyridine derivatives were chemically prepared as analogues to a large group of insecticides called neonicotinoids. Under laboratory conditions, the toxicity of these components was measured toward adults and nymphs of Aphis craccivora. With respect to the LC50 values, components 1f, 1d, and 1c have the utmost insecticidal bioactivity, with values of 0.080, 0.098, and 0.127 mg/L. This work covers the way to discover novel compounds for the prospective use as insecticidal representatives.

Synthesis and insecticide evaluation of some new oxopropylthiourea compounds as insect growth regulators against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis

In this project we aim to share in increasing the production of the most important non-food agricultural product i.e. cotton via protection of it is plant. The usage of safe alternatives to the pesticides has become crucial due to several serious issues associated with the use of insecticides. Therefore, the families of new eco-friendly organic compounds that contain manly oxopropylthiourea scaffold will synthesis in their pure state by using green procedures. This compounds includes (i) poly functional substituted oxopropylthiourea, (ii) dihydroquinoline carboxylic acid, In second category, the structure of this compounds which may be related to the most famous insect growth regulators insecticides, will confirmed by elemental and modern spectroscopic analyses (such as IR, UV, 1HNMR and 13CNMR). In the final category, the synthesized compounds was checked toward the second & forth instar larvae of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. The present data proved that values of LC50 of the most effected synthesized compound 8 was 2.412 ppm in which LC50 for commercial lufenuron was 2.295 ppm. Component 8 may be particularly effective due to the presence of fluorophenyl, cyanoacetamide, and carboxalic acid groups in their chemical makeup. In an additional effort to slightly improve insecticidal compounds, evaluation of the latent effects of the examined components on a number of biological parameters, such as adult longevity, pupal weight, proportion of normal, deformed pupae, & adult emergency, fecundity, & egg hatchability, was carried out.

Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial, Density Functional Theory, and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Mn(II), Fe(III), and Cr(III) Complexes Incorporating 4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl azo)-1-naphthol (Az)

This work synthesized three new CrAz₂, MnAz₂, and FeAz₂ complexes and investigated them using IR, mass, UV spectroscopy, elemental analysis, conductivity and magnetic tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. The azo-ligand, 4-(2-hydroxyphenylAzo)-1-naphthol (Az), couples with metal ions via its nitrogen (in -N=N- bonds) and oxygen (in hydroxyl group) atoms, according to the IR spectra of these complexes. Through thermal examination (TG/TGA), the number and location of water in the complexes were also determined. Density functional theory (DFT) theory is applied to ameliorate the structures of the ligand (Az) and metal complexes and analyze the quantum chemical characteristics of these complexes. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of the ligand and its complexes opposed to several hazardous bacteria and fungi was investigated in vitro. Metal complexes were discovered to have a higher inhibitory impact on some organisms than the free ligand. The MnAz₂ complex exhibited the best activity among the studied materials, whereas the CrAz₂ complex had the lowest. The compounds' binding affinity to the E. coli (PDB ID: 1hnj) structure was predicted using molecular docking. Binding energies were calculated by analyzing protein-substrate interactions. These encouraging findings imply that these chemicals may have physiological effects and may be valuable for a variety of medical uses in the future.

Designing, characterization, biological, DFT, and molecular docking analysis for new FeAZD, NiAZD, and CuAZD complexes incorporating 1-(2-hydroxyphenylazo)- 2-naphthol (H2AZD)

Herien, three new Fe(III) (FeAZD), Ni(II) (NiAZD), and Cu(II) (CuAZD) complexes were synthesized and characterized using various physicochemical and spectroscopic approaches. The H₂AZD ligand acted as a bi-basic bi-dentate NO ligand in a 1:1 molar ratio. The results revealed that the FeAZD and CuAZD complexes had octahedral geometry, while the NiAZD had a tetrahedral geometry. The optimized geometry, HOMO and LUMO analysis of the ligand and its metal complexes was determined via Density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP with 6-311 G(d,p), and LanL2DZ level of theory. The FeAZD, NiAZD and CuAZD had lower energy gap, 7.40, 7.93 and 7.06 eV, respectively, than the free ligand (9.58 eV), which proposed that CuAZD was more active one. The free ligand and its metal complexes were in vitro investigated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The results illustrated that the metal complexes had higher antibacterial and antifungal activity than the free ligand. More specifically, the CuAZD demonstrated good antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. cereus, and A. flavus, T. rubrum, and C. albicans, with activity indexes of 72.22%, 65.01%, 77.78%, and 72.22%, 63.16%, 59.09%, and 61.90%, respectively. Also, the metal complexes showed lower MIC (6.25-3.125 ppm) compared to the free ligand (about 50 ppm). Finally, molecular docking was utilized to investigate the ability of the free ligand and its metal complexes to inhibit the growth of E. coli (PDB ID: 5iq9). The results showed that the CuAZD had the highest binding affinity to the receptor, with a more negative docking score of - 7.05 Kcal/mol, and lower inhibition constant (Ki) of 6.90 µM. That is indicating that it may be the most effective at inhibiting the growth of E. coli (PDB ID: 5iq9).

Green Synthesis of Novel Pyridines via One-Pot Multicomponent Reaction and Their Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation

A functional and environmentally green procedure for the design of novel pyridine 5a-h and 7a-d derivatives through two pathways is presented. The first pathway is via a one-pot, four-component reaction of p-formylphenyl-4-toluenesulfonate (1), ethyl cyanoacetate (2), acetophenone derivatives 3a-h or acetyl derivatives 6a-d, and ammonium acetate (4) under microwave irradiation in ethanol. The advantages of this method are an excellent yield (82%-94%), pure products, a short reaction time (2-7 min), and low-cost processing. The second pathway was obtained by the traditional method with treatment of the same mixture under refluxing in ethanol, which afforded the same products, 5a-h and 7a-d, in less yield (71%-88%) and over a longer reaction time (6-9 h). The constructions of the novel compounds were articulated via spectral and elemental analysis. Overall, the compounds have been designed, synthesized, and studied for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using diclofenac as a reference drug (5 mg/kg). The most potent four compounds, 5a, 5f, 5g, and 5h, showed promising anti-inflammatory activity.

Synthesis, DFT, Biological and Molecular Docking Analysis of Novel Manganese(II), Iron(III), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Copper(II) Chelate Complexes Ligated by 1-(4-Nitrophenylazo)-2-naphthol

Novelmanganese(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) chelates were synthesized and studied using elemental analysis (EA), infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and conductivity, as well as magnetic measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The azo-ligand 1-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-2-naphthol (HL) chelates to the metal ions via the nitrogen and oxygen centers of the azo group and the hydroxyl, respectively. The amounts of H₂O present and its precise position were identified by thermal analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to theoretically elucidate the molecular structures of the ligand and the metal complexes. Furthermore, the quantum chemical parameters were also evaluated. The antimicrobial properties were evaluated against a group of fungal and bacterial microbes. Interestingly, the bioactivity of the complexes is enhanced compared to free ligands. Within this context, the CuL complex manifested the lowest activity, whereas the FeL complex had the greatest. Molecular docking was used to foretell the drugs' binding affinity for the structure of Escherichia coli (PDB ID: 1hnj). Protein-substrate interactions were resolved, and binding energies were accordingly calculated.

Efficient Synthesis of 6,7-Dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile Compounds and Their Applicability As Inhibitor Films for Steel Alloy Corrosion: Collective Computational and Practical Approaches

An effective method for designing new heterocyclic compounds of 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives (CAPDs) was presented through cyclocondensation reaction between 2,5-diarylidenecyclopentanone derivatives and propanedinitrile, and the cyclocondensation reaction succeeded using a sodium alkoxide solution (sodium ethoxide or sodium methoxide) as the reagent and the catalyst. The synthesized CAPD derivatives were employed as novel inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) corrosion in a molar H2SO4 medium. The corrosion protection proficiency was investigated by electrochemical measurements (open circuit potential vs time (E OCP vs t), potentiodynamic polarization plots (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) examinations. The results show that the CAPD derivatives exhibit mixed type inhibitors and a superior inhibition efficiency of 97.7% in the presence of 1.0 mM CAPD-1. The adsorption of CAPD derivatives on the CS interface follows the Langmuir isotherm model, including physisorption and chemisorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exploration confirmed the adsorption of the CAPD derivatives on the CS substrate. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and DFT calculations revealed that the efficacy of the CAPD molecules correlates well with their structures, and this protection was attributed to their adsorption on the CS surface.

Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Studies of Novel Tri-Aryl Imidazole-Benzene Sulfonamide Hybrids as Promising Selective Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII Inhibitors

A novel series of tri-aryl imidazole derivatives 5a–n carrying benzene sulfonamide moiety has been designed for their selective inhibitory against hCA IX and XII activity. Six compounds were found to be potent and selective CA IX inhibitors with the order of 5g > 5b > 5d > 5e > 5g > 5n (Ki = 0.3–1.3 μM, and selectivity ratio for hCA IX over hCA XII = 5–12) relative to acetazolamide (Ki = 0.03 μM, and selectivity ratio for hCA IX over hCA XII = 0.20). The previous sixth inhibitors have been further investigated for their anti-proliferative activity against four different cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds 5g and 5b demonstrated higher antiproliferative activity than other tested compounds (with GI₅₀ = 2.3 and 2.8 M, respectively) in comparison to doxorubicin (GI₅₀ = 1.1 M). Docking studies of these two compounds adopted orientation and binding interactions with a higher liability to enter the active side pocket CA-IX selectively similar to that of ligand 9FK. Molecular modelling simulation showed good agreement with the acquired biological evaluation.

Biologically active organic compounds as insect growth regulators (IGRs): introduction, mode of action, and some synthetic methods

Biologically active organic compounds continue to attract great interest due to the wide variety of interesting applications observed for these compounds. This review results from the literature survey containing the organic compounds that are used as insect growth regulators with a focus on their mode of action and some synthetic routes.

Preparation and biological activity evaluation of some benzoylthiourea and benzoylurea compounds

Due to the complicated problems coming from excessive applications of insecticides, searching for safe substitutes to these insecticides has become a necessity. Thus, the insect growth regulators are candidates to be used in such concern. Comparative studies of the effects of three compounds, 2-benzoyl-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide (1), 2-(cyanoacetyl)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carboxamide (2) and N-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl)hydrazinecarbonothioyl)furan-2-carboxamide (3) (an insect growth regulator inhibiting chitin synthesis), were conducted on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833). The compounds, orally administered, caused larval mortality proportional to the concentrations in the food source. larvae were unable to complete the molting process and died in the old larval cuticle. Larvae contaminated by sublethal doses completed their development to adulthood. N-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl)hydrazinecarbonothioyl)furan-2-carboxamide (3) is more active than the other compounds have LC50 17.082 ppm for 2nd instar larvae and 60.832 ppm for 4th instar larvae.

Design, synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of new imidazolidindione and imidazole derivatives

New imidazolidindiones and tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activity through pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and maximal electroshock (MES) tests using valproate sodium and phenytoin sodium as reference drugs, respectively. Most of the target compounds showed excellent activity against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures with fair to no-activity against MES. Compounds 3d, 4e, 11b, and 11e showed higher activity (120%) than that of valproate sodium in PTZ model. Almost all compounds showed no neurotoxicity, as indicated by the rotarod test. Estimation of physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles of the target compounds were studied. The chemical structures of the target compounds were characterized by different spectrometric methods and elemental analysis.

Synthesis and characterization of new Cr(III), Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes incorporating multi-substituted aryl imidazole ligand: Structural, DFT, DNA binding, and biological implications

Designing new metal-based molecular antibiotics is an efficient approach to overcome the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. In this paper, novel Cr(III), Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes comprising substituted aryl imidazole ligand (MSEB), namely (2-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)(4-bromophenol)) have been synthesized and characterized using infra-red (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and ¹H, ¹³C NMR spectroscopic techniques, together with elemental (CHN) and thermogravimetric analyses, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The combined results along with the DFT calculations revealed a 1:1 (M: L) stoichiometric ratio and the complexes adopted distorted-octahedral geometries to afford [Cr(MSEB)Cl₂(H₂O)₂], [Fe(MSEB)(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₂] and [Cu(MSEB)Cl(H₂O)₃] respectively. Biological studies showed that all complexes exhibited powerful antimicrobial activity against various strains of bacteria and fungi, S. aureus (+ve), E. coli (-ve) and P. aeruginosa (-ve) bacteria and T. Rubrum, C. albicans, and A. flavus fungi. Moreover, the three metal-complexes showed high in vitro cytotoxicity against Colon (HCT-116), Breast (MCF-7), and hepatic cellular (HepG-2) carcinoma cell lines, with MSEBCu complex being the most cytotoxic one. Finally the binding interactions of the complexes with CT-DNA were explored using UV-Vis spectroscopy, viscosity and gel electrophoreses measurements.

Chemical design and bioefficacy screening of new insect growth regulators as potential insecticidal agents against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

The 13 new compounds were chemically synthesized and their spectroscopic analysis was done to determine their chemical structure. All the compounds were screened for their insecticidal potential against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Among the tested compounds, the compound 13 was found to be the most potent. It displayed one fold more activity than a reported insect growth regulator, fenoxycarb. The other target compounds demonstrated weak to strong toxicological activities against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).

Facile synthesis and assessment of 2-alkoxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-arylnicotinonitrile derivatives as new inhibitors for C1018-steel corrosion in HCl: A combined theoretical and experiential investigations.. [DOI: 10.3762/bxiv.2019.147.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0]

An effective and accessible synthesis of alkoxy arylnicotinonitriles was achieved via a four-component reaction of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, acetophenones, malononitrile in the presence of RONa. The synthesized alkoxy arylnicotinonitrile derivatives containing pyridine moiety were predestined as inhibitors for C1018-steel (CS) corrosion in 1.0 M HCl using potentiodynamic-polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. PDP plots were demonstrated that the arylnicotinonitriles behave as typical inhibitors of the mixed-type. They have also suppressed the CS corrosion at lower [inhibitor] and accomplished an inhibition capacity ranged from 87.6 to 98.2% in 0.7 mM. Their adsorption on the CS interface follows the isotherm model of Langmuir and they include both chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms, with a preference of chemisorption. The morphology of the CS surface was examined utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Moreover, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations confirm the empirical findings and the adsorption of arylnicotinonitrile derivatives on the CS interface.

Novel aryl carboximidamide and 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole analogues of naproxen as dual selective COX-2/15-LOX inhibitors: Design, synthesis and docking studies

A series of novel naproxen analogues containing 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles moiety (4b-g) and their reaction intermediates aryl carboximidamides moiety (3b-g) was synthesized and evaluated in vitro as dual COXs/15-LOX inhibitors. Compounds 3b-g exhibited superior inhibitory activity than celecoxib as COX-2 inhibitors. Compounds 3b-d and 3g were the most potent COX-2 inhibitors with IC50 range of 6.4 - 8.13 nM and higher selectivity indexes (3b, SI = 26.19; 3c, SI = 13.73; 3d, SI = 29.27; 3g, SI = 18.00) comparing to celecoxib (IC50 = 42.60 nM, SI = 8.05). Regarding 15-LOX inhibitory activity, compounds belonging to aryl carboximidamide backbone 3b-e and 3g were the most potent with IC50 range of 1.77-4.91 nM comparing to meclofenamate sodium (IC50 = 5.64 µM). Data revealed that The levels of NO released by aryl carboximidamides 3b-g were more higher than 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives 4b-g, which correlated well with their COX-2 inhibitory activities.

The structure of 9-(3-bromo-6-chloro-2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)-10-(2-hy-droxy-ethyl)-3,6-diphenyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexa-hydro-2H-acridine-1,8-dione

In the structure of the title compound C33H29BrClNO4, (I), the hexa-hydro-2H-acridine ring system has a hy-droxy-ethyl substituent on the N atom and a 3-bromo-6-chloro-2-hy-droxy-phenyl substituent on the central C atom at the 9-position. An unusual feature of the mol-ecule is that the substituents at the 3- and 5-positions of the outer cyclo-hexenone rings are phenyl rings rather than the more common dimethyl substituents. C atoms on both of the cyclo-hexenone rings are disordered over two sites. In the crystal structure, O-H⋯O, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π(ring) hydrogen bonds combine with an Br-O and unusual C-Br⋯π(ring) halogen bonds to generate a three dimensional network with mol-ecules stacked along the a-axis direction.

Crystal structure of 1-[2-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl]propan-2-ol

The title compound, C24H21N3O3, crystallizes with two unique but closely r.m.s. overlay fit = 0.215 Å) comparable mol-ecules (1 and 2) in the asymmetric unit of the triclinic unit cell. In molecule 1, the dihedral angles between the central imidazlole ring and the benzene-ring substituents are 42.51 (9), 45.41 (9) and 56.92 (8)°, respectively. Comparable data for molecule 2 are 39.36 (10), 34.45 (11) and 60.34 (8)°, respectively. The rings at the 2-positions carry p-nitro substituents that subtend dihedral angles of 12.9 (4)° in mol-ecule 1 and 11.7 (4)° in mol-ecule 2 to their respective benzene ring planes. The imidazole rings also have propan-2-ol substituents on the 1-N atoms, which adopt extended conformations for the N-C-C-C chains. In the crystal, classical O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds combine with C-H⋯O, C-H⋯N and C-H⋯π(ring) hydrogen bonds and stack the molecules along the a-axis direction.

Crystal structure of 1-[2-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl]propan-2-ol

The title compound, C24H21ClN2O, crystallizes with two unique mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In each mol-ecule, the central imidazole ring is substituted at the 2-, 4- and 5-positions by benzene rings. The 2-substituted ring carries a Cl atom at the 4-position. One of the imidazole N atoms in each mol-ecule has a propan-2-ol substituent. In the crystal, a series of O-H⋯N, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, augmented by several C-H⋯π(ring) inter-actions, generate a three-dimensional network of mol-ecules stacked along the a-axis direction.

Morpholinium hydrogen sulfate (MHS) ionic liquid as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of bio-active multi-substituted imidazoles (MSI) under solvent-free conditions

Morpholinium hydrogen sulfate as an ionic liquid was employed as a catalyst for the synthesis of a biologically active series of multi-substituted imidazoles by a four-component reaction involving the combination of benzil with different aromatic aldehydes, ammonium acetate, and 1-amino-2-propanol under solvent-free conditions. The key advantages of this method are shorter reaction times, very high yield, and ease of processing. Furthermore, the resulting products can be purified by a non-chromatographic method and the ionic liquid catalyst is reusable. All of these novel compounds have been fully characterized from spectral data. The X-ray crystal structures of two representative molecules are also detailed.

Cyclohexane-1,4-diammonium dithiocyanate

In the title salt, C6H16N22+·2CNS−, the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, N—H...N hydrogen bonds encloseR42(8) rings involving two N atoms from the cyclohexane-1,4-diammonium cations as donors with the N atoms of two thiocyanate anions as acceptors. The crystal structure is further stabilized by intermolecular N—H...S hydrogen bonds that combine with these contacts to form a three-dimensional network.

9-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-10-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H,9H,10H)-dione

In the title compound, C21H22BrNO4, the tetrahydroacridine-1,8-dione unit has a bromohydroxyphenyl-substituent on the central carbon atom of the dihydropyridine ring and a 2-hydroxyethyl substituent on the nitrogen atom. An intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond forms between the hydroxyl substituent on the benzene ring and a carbonyl oxygen from the acridinedione, forming anS(8) ring. The hydroxyl group of the 2-hydroxyethyl residue is disordered over two sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.572 (6):0.428 (6). In the crystal structure O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds together with Br...O halogen bonds stack the molecules along theb-axis direction.

Crystal structure of ethyl 2-[9-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-decahydroacridin-10-yl]acetate

In the title compound, C₂₃H₂₄BrNO₅, the central 1,4-di­hydro­pyridine ring of the 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-deca­hydro­acridine ring system adopts a half-chair conformation. The two cyclo­hexene rings fused to the central ring both have a twisted-boat conformation. The mean planes of the bromo­hydroxy­phenyl ring and the major and minor components of the disordered ethyl amino­acetate moiety make dihedral angles of 78.99 (12), 85.9 (2) and 88.3 (9)°, respectively, with the 1,4-di­hydro­pyridine ring. The terminal ethyl group of the ethyl amino­acetate moiety is disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.768 (17) and 0.232 (17). The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming an S(8) ring motif. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the mol­ecules into layers parallel to (001), enclosing R₁²(7) ring motifs.

Multicomponent green synthesis, spectroscopic and structural investigation of multi-substituted imidazoles. Part 1

Ten 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives have been synthesized with a 2-hydroxyethy substituent at the 1-nitrogen atom and potentially electron releasing hydroxy-, methoxy-, dimethylamino- or nitro substituents in various positions on the benzene ring located on the 2-carbon atom. The prototypical derivative with an unsubstituted phenyl ring at the 2-position is also reported. The compounds are obtained in excellent yields (average 86%) via a four-component cyclocondensation reaction of benzil, ethanolamine, and the appropriate aromatic carbaldehyde together with ammonium acetate. The reaction uses a novel ionic liquid catalyst, DEAHS (diethyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate), under solvent-free conditions and a green synthetic protocol. The key advantages of this process are high yield, shorter reaction times and ease of work-up. Furthermore, the products can be purified by a non-chromatographic method and the catalyst is re-usable. All of these newly synthesized compounds have been characterized from spectral data; the X-ray structures of three representative molecules are also detailed.

Crystal structure of 5-(4-methyl-phen-yl)-3-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-phen-yl)ethen-yl]cyclo-hex-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C₂₂H₂₂O, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene rings is 53.55 (7)°. Weak C—H⋯O inter­actions help to direct the packing, forming sheets lying parallel to (020).

Crystal structure of 1-{3-acetyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-6-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl}ethanone

In the title compound, C₂₀H₂₆ClNO₄, the central cyclo­hexene ring adopts an approximate envelope conformation with the C atom binding with the hy­droxy group at the tip of the flap. There is an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generating an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, classical O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl inter­actions link the mol­ecules, forming a three-dimensional supra­molecular architecture. The crystal structure was refined as a four-component twin.

Crystal structure of 4-bromo-2-[(E)-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)carboximidoyl]phenol dihydrate

In the title hydrate, C₁₆H₂₃BrN₂O·2H₂O, the organic mol­ecule features a strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. The piperidine ring, in addition, adopts a chair conformation with the exocyclic C—N bond in an equatorial orientation. The water molecules of crystallization are disordered (each over two sets of sites with half occupancy. In the crystal, they associate into corrugated (100) sheets of (H₂O)₄ tetra­mers linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The organic mol­ecules, in turn, are arranged at both sides of these sheets, linked by water–piperidine O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.

Crystal structure of 2-(5-bromo-2-hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)-2,3-di-hydro-1H-indene-1,3-dione

The title mol­ecule, C₁₆H₉BrO₃, deviates slightly from planarity. The benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 1.02 (9)° with the plane defined by the five-membered ring of the indandione moiety. The latter exhibits a minute twist indicated by the dihedral angle of 0.47 (9)° between the planes of the five- and six-membered rings. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond between the attached benzene ring with one of the indandione carbonyl O atoms stabilizes the mol­ecular conformation. In the crystal, the mol­ecules form dimers across centres of inversion via pairwise O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers form stacks running parallel to [010] and inter­act through π–π inter­actions between the five-membered ring of one mol­ecule and the six-membered rings of the indandione moiety of an adjacent mol­ecule [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.5454 (10) Å].