1
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Tor Y. Isomorphic Fluorescent Nucleosides. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1325-1335. [PMID: 38613490 PMCID: PMC11079976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In 1960, Weber prophesied that "There are many ways in which the properties of the excited state can be utilized to study points of ignorance of the structure and function of proteins". This has been realized, illustrating that an intrinsic and highly responsive fluorophore such as tryptophan can alter the course of an entire scientific discipline. But what about RNA and DNA? Adapting Weber's protein photophysics prophecy to nucleic acids requires the development of intrinsically emissive nucleoside surrogates as, unlike Trp, the canonical nucleobases display unusually low emission quantum yields, which render nucleosides, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides practically dark for most fluorescence-based applications.Over the past decades, we have developed emissive nucleoside surrogates that facilitate the monitoring of nucleoside-, nucleotide-, and nucleic acid-based transformations at a nucleobase resolution in real time. The premise underlying our approach is the identification of minimal atomic/structural perturbations that endow the synthetic analogs with favorable photophysical features while maintaining native conformations and pairing. As illuminating probes, the photophysical parameters of such isomorphic nucleosides display sensitivity to microenvironmental factors. Responsive isomorphic analogs that function similarly to their native counterparts in biochemical contexts are defined as isofunctional.Early analogs included pyrimidines substituted with five-membered aromatic heterocycles at their 5 position and have been used to assess the polarity of the major groove in duplexes. Polarized quinazolines have proven useful in assembling FRET pairs with established fluorophores and have been used to study RNA-protein and RNA-small-molecule binding. Completing a fluorescent ribonucleoside alphabet, composed of visibly emissive purine (thA, thG) and pyrimidine (thU, thC) analogs, all derived from thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine as the heterocyclic nucleus, was a major breakthrough. To further augment functionality, a second-generation emissive RNA alphabet based on an isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine core (thA, tzG, tzU, and tzC) was fabricated. This single-atom "mutagenesis" restored the basic/coordinating nitrogen corresponding to N7 in the purine skeleton and elevated biological recognition.The isomorphic emissive nucleosides and nucleotides, particularly the purine analogs, serve as substrates for diverse enzymes. Beyond polymerases, we have challenged the emissive analogs with metabolic and catabolic enzymes, opening optical windows into the biochemistry of nucleosides and nucleotides as metabolites as well as coenzymes and second messengers. Real-time fluorescence-based assays for adenosine deaminase, guanine deaminase, and cytidine deaminase have been fabricated and used for inhibitor discovery. Emissive cofactors (e.g., SthAM), coenzymes (e.g., NtzAD+), and second messengers (e.g., c-di-tzGMP) have been enzymatically synthesized, using xyNTPs and native enzymes. Both their biosynthesis and their transformations can be fluorescently monitored in real time.Highly isomorphic and isofunctional emissive surrogates can therefore be fabricated and judiciously implemented. Beyond their utility, side-by-side comparison to established analogs, particularly to 2-aminopurine, the workhorse of nucleic acid biophysics over 5 decades, has proven prudent as they refined the scope and limitations of both the new analogs and their predecessors. Challenges, however, remain. Associated with such small heterocycles are relatively short emission wavelengths and limited brightness. Recent advances in multiphoton spectroscopy and further structural modifications have shown promise for overcoming such barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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2
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Gonçalves JM, Gonçalves JND, Sousa LF, Rodrigues LR, Correia-de-Sá P, Coutinho PJG, Castanheira EMS, Oliveira R, Dias AM. 2,4,5-Triaminopyrimidines as blue fluorescent probes for cell viability monitoring: synthesis, photophysical properties, and microscopy applications. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2252-2263. [PMID: 38390694 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring cell viability is critical in cell biology, pathology, and drug discovery. Most cell viability assays are cell-destructive, time-consuming, expensive, and/or hazardous. Herein, we present a series of newly synthesized 2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine derivatives able to discriminate between live and dead cells. To our knowledge, these compounds are the first fluorescent nucleobase analogues (FNAs) with cell viability monitoring potential. These new fluorescent molecules are synthesized using highly efficient and cost-effective methods and feature unprecedented photophysical properties (longer absorption and emission wavelengths, environment-sensitive emission, and unprecedented brightness within FNAs). Using a live-dead Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell and theoretical assays, the fluorescent 2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine derivatives were found to specifically accumulate inside dead cells by interacting with dsDNA grooves, thus paving the way for the emergence of novel and safe fluorescent cell viability markers emitting in the blue region. As the majority of commercially available viability dyes emit in the green to red region of the visible spectrum, these novel markers might be useful to meet the needs of blue markers for co-staining combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Gonçalves
- CQ-UM - Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities and LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - João N D Gonçalves
- CQ-UM - Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís F Sousa
- CQ-UM - Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities and LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J G Coutinho
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities and LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M S Castanheira
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities and LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alice M Dias
- CQ-UM - Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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3
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Le HN, Kuchlyan J, Baladi T, Albinsson B, Dahlén A, Wilhelmsson LM. Synthesis and photophysical characterization of a pH-sensitive quadracyclic uridine (qU) analogue. Chemistry 2024:e202303539. [PMID: 38230625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent base analogues (FBAs) have become useful tools for applications in biophysical chemistry, chemical biology, live-cell imaging, and RNA therapeutics. Herein, two synthetic routes towards a novel FBA of uracil named qU (quadracyclic uracil/uridine) are described. The qU nucleobase bears a tetracyclic fused ring system and is designed to allow for specific Watson-Crick base pairing with adenine. We find that qU absorbs light in the visible region of the spectrum and emits brightly with a quantum yield of 27 % and a dual-band character in a wide pH range. With evidence, among other things, from fluorescence lifetime measurements we suggest that this dual emission feature results from an excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) process. Furthermore, we find that both absorption and emission of qU are highly sensitive to pH. The high brightness in combination with excitation in the visible and pH responsiveness makes qU an interesting native-like nucleic acid label in spectroscopy and microscopy applications in, for example, the field of mRNA and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Ngoan Le
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cell Gene and RNA Therapy, Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jagannath Kuchlyan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Baladi
- Cell Gene and RNA Therapy, Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Dahlén
- Cell Gene and RNA Therapy, Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Marcus Wilhelmsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Park G, Ettles C, Charles M, Hudson RH. Nucleobase Intrinsic Quenchers: A Fluorescence Off Switch. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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5
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Chowdhury M, Hudson RHE. Exploring Nucleobase Modifications in Oligonucleotide Analogues for Use as Environmentally Responsive Fluorophores and Beyond. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200218. [PMID: 36344432 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, it has become abundantly clear that nucleic acid biochemistry, especially with respect to RNA, is more convoluted and complex than previously appreciated. Indeed, the application and exploitation of nucleic acids beyond their predestined role as the medium for storage and transmission of genetic information to the treatment and study of diseases has been achieved. In other areas of endeavor, utilization of nucleic acids as a probe molecule requires that they possess a reporter group. The reporter group of choice is often a luminophore because fluorescence spectroscopy has emerged as an indispensable tool to probe the structural and functional properties of modified nucleic acids. The scope of this review spans research done in the Hudson lab at The University of Western Ontario and is focused on modified pyrimidine nucleobases and their applications as environmentally sensitive fluorophores, base discriminating fluorophores, and in service of antisense applications as well as tantalizing new results as G-quadruplex destabilizing agents. While this review is a focused personal account, particularly influential work of colleagues in the chemistry community will be highlighted. The intention is not to make a comprehensive review, citations to the existing excellent reviews are given, any omission of the wonderful and impactful work being done by others globally is not intentional. Thus, this review will briefly introduce the context of our work, summarize what has been accomplished and finish with the prospects of future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mria Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Robert H E Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
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6
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Zucolotto Cocca LH, Pelosi AG, Piguel S, Mendonça CR, Boni LD. Enhancement of optical properties of new purine nucleobases containing electron-donating and -withdrawing peripheral groups. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112524. [PMID: 35843082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, a great deal of attention has been focused on synthesizing highly fluorescent unnatural base analogs. This has been motivated by the need to overcome the lack of fluorescence of nucleic acids' natural bases. Fluorescent unnatural base analogs, such as purines, may be used in several applications, such as DNA or RNA optical spectroscopy studies. Moreover, for purines base analogs, the optical properties, for example, emission, can be tunable through molecular engineering, improving their applications as fluorescent probes. Looking in this direction, the synthesis and optical spectroscopic studies of a new set of purines base analogs are of foremost relevance. Here, an increase in the fluorescence quantum yield was observed in molecules with NH-π-CN arrangement. The two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-sections also increased for the lower energy 2PA state. The enhancement of both properties results in a two-photon brightness of 5 and 10 times higher than in compounds lacking the NH-π-CN arrangement. For the higher energy 2PA state, an excited state absorption contribution to the 2PA cross-section values was observed, that was verified through ultrafast transient absorption measurements. The higher 2PA brightness makes the purines base analogs promising candidates as fluorescent probes in RNA and DNA spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro H Zucolotto Cocca
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - André G Pelosi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandrine Piguel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS UMR 8076, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cleber Renato Mendonça
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Khatik SY, Srivatsan SG. Environment-Sensitive Nucleoside Probe Unravels the Complex Structural Dynamics of i-Motif DNAs. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1515-1526. [PMID: 35819865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although evidence for the existence and biological role of i-motif (iM) DNA structures in cells is emerging, probing their structural polymorphism and identifying physiologically active conformations using currently available tools remain a major challenge. Here, we describe the development of an innovative device to investigate the conformation equilibrium of different iMs formed by C-rich telomeric repeat and oncogenic B-raf promoter sequences using a new conformation-sensitive dual-purpose nucleoside probe. The nucleoside is composed of a trifluoromethyl-benzofuran-2-yl moiety at the C5 position of 2'-deoxyuridine, which functions as a responsive fluorescent and 19F NMR probe. While the fluorescent component is useful in monitoring and estimating the folding process, the 19F label provides spectral signatures for various iMs, thereby enabling a systematic analysis of their complex population equilibrium under different conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, metal ions, and cell lysate). Distinct 19F signals exhibited by the iMs formed by the human telomeric repeat helped in calculating their relative population. A battery of fluorescence and 19F NMR studies using native and mutated B-raf oligonucleotides gave valuable insights into the iM structure landscape and its dependence on environmental conditions and also helped in predicting the structure of the major iM conformation. Overall, our findings indicate that the probe is highly suitable for studying complex nucleic acid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Y Khatik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Seergazhi G Srivatsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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8
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Choi H, Kim H, Kim KT. Fluorescent nucleobase analogs constructed by
aldol‐type
condensation: Design, properties, and synthetic optimization for fluorogenic labeling of
5‐formyluracil. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry Chungbuk National University Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry Chungbuk National University Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Chungbuk National University Cheongju Republic of Korea
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9
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Büllmann SM, Kolmar T, Zorn NF, Zaumseil J, Jäschke A. A DNA‐Based Two‐Component Excitonic Switch Utilizing High‐Performance Diarylethenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117735. [PMID: 35076154 PMCID: PMC9305942 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosidic diarylethenes (DAEs) are an emerging class of photochromes but have rarely been used in materials science. Here, we have developed doubly methylated DAEs derived from 2′‐deoxyuridine with high thermal stability and fatigue resistance. These new photoswitches not only outperform their predecessors but also rival classical non‐nucleosidic DAEs. To demonstrate the utility of these new DAEs, we have designed an all‐optical excitonic switch consisting of two oligonucleotides: one strand containing a fluorogenic double‐methylated 2′‐deoxyuridine as a fluorescence donor and the other a tricyclic cytidine (tC) as acceptor, which together form a highly efficient conditional Förster‐Resonance‐Energy‐Transfer (FRET) pair. The system was operated in liquid and solid phases and showed both strong distance‐ and orientation‐dependent photochromic FRET. The superior ON/OFF contrast was maintained over up to 100 switching cycles, with no detectable fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Büllmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas F. Zorn
- Institute for Physical Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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10
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Ludford P, Yang S, Bucardo MS, Tor Y. A New Variant of Emissive RNA Alphabets. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104472. [PMID: 35018663 PMCID: PMC8891053 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new fluorescent ribonucleoside alphabet (mth N) consisting of pyrimidine and purine analogues, all derived from methylthieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine as the heterocyclic core, is described. Large bathochromic shifts and high microenvironmental susceptibility of their emission relative to previous alphabets derived from thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine (th N) and isothiazole[4,3-d]pyrimidine (tz N) scaffolds are observed. Subjecting the purine analogues to adenosine deaminase, guanine deaminase and T7 RNA polymerase indicate that, while varying, all but one enzyme tolerate the corresponding mth N/mth NTP substrates. The robust emission quantum yields, high photophysical responsiveness and enzymatic accommodation suggest that the mth N alphabet is a biophysically viable tool and can be used to probe the tolerance of nucleoside/tide-processing enzymes to structural perturbations of their substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ludford
- University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Shenghua Yang
- University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Marcela S Bucardo
- University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, 92093-0358, La Jolla, UNITED STATES
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11
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Büllmann SM, Kolmar T, Zorn NF, Zaumseil J, Jäschke A. Ein DNA‐basierter exzitonischer Zweikomponenten‐Schalter auf der Grundlage von Hochleistungs‐Diarylethenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Büllmann
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Theresa Kolmar
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Nicolas F. Zorn
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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12
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Dietzsch J, Bialas D, Bandorf J, Würthner F, Höbartner C. Tuning Exciton Coupling of Merocyanine Nucleoside Dimers by RNA, DNA and GNA Double Helix Conformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dietzsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Frank Würthner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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13
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Dietzsch J, Bialas D, Bandorf J, Würthner F, Höbartner C. Tuning exciton coupling of merocyanine nucleoside dimers by RNA, DNA and GNA double helix conformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116783. [PMID: 34937127 PMCID: PMC9302137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Exciton coupling between two or more chromophores in a specific environment is a key mechanism associated with color tuning and modulation of absorption energies. This concept is well exemplified by natural photosynthetic proteins, and can also be achieved in synthetic nucleic acid nanostructures. Here we report the coupling of barbituric acid merocyanine (BAM) nucleoside analogues and show that exciton coupling can be tuned by the double helix conformation. BAM is a nucleobase mimic that was incorporated in the phosphodiester backbone of RNA, DNA and GNA oligonucleotides. Duplexes with different backbone constitutions and geometries afforded different mutual dye arrangements, leading to distinct optical signatures due to competing modes of chromophore organization via electrostatic, dipolar, π–π‐stacking and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The realized supramolecular motifs include hydrogen‐bonded BAM–adenine base pairs and antiparallel as well as rotationally stacked BAM dimer aggregates with distinct absorption, CD and fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dietzsch
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie, Organic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - David Bialas
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie, Organic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Johannes Bandorf
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie, Organic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Frank Würthner
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie, Organic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Universität Würzburg, Institute für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, GERMANY
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14
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Marquezin CA, Lamy MT, de Souza ES. Molecular collisions or resonance energy transfer in lipid vesicles? A methodology to tackle this question. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Bood M, Del Nogal AW, Nilsson JR, Edfeldt F, Dahlén A, Lemurell M, Wilhelmsson LM, Grøtli M. Interbase-FRET binding assay for pre-microRNAs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9396. [PMID: 33931703 PMCID: PMC8087795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRs) has been linked to several human diseases. A promising approach for targeting these anomalies is the use of small-molecule inhibitors of miR biogenesis. These inhibitors have the potential to (i) dissect miR mechanisms of action, (ii) discover new drug targets, and (iii) function as new therapeutic agents. Here, we designed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-labeled oligoribonucleotides of the precursor of the oncogenic miR-21 (pre-miR-21) and used them together with a set of aminoglycosides to develop an interbase-FRET assay to detect ligand binding to pre-miRs. Our interbase-FRET assay accurately reports structural changes of the RNA oligonucleotide induced by ligand binding. We demonstrate its application in a rapid, qualitative drug candidate screen by assessing the relative binding affinity between 12 aminoglycoside antibiotics and pre-miR-21. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to validate our new FRET method, and the accuracy of our FRET assay was shown to be similar to the established techniques. With its advantages over SPR and ITC owing to its high sensitivity, small sample size, straightforward technique and the possibility for high-throughput expansion, we envision that our solution-based method can be applied in pre-miRNA–target binding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Bood
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Wypijewska Del Nogal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper R Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edfeldt
- Structure & Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Dahlén
- Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Malin Lemurell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - L Marcus Wilhelmsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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16
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Site-Specific Fluorescent Labeling of RNA Interior Positions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051341. [PMID: 33802273 PMCID: PMC7959133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of fluorophores into RNA for both in vitro and in cellulo studies of RNA function and cellular distribution is a subject of great current interest. Here I briefly review methods, some well-established and others newly developed, which have been successfully exploited to site-specifically fluorescently label interior positions of RNAs, as a guide to investigators seeking to apply this approach to their studies. Most of these methods can be applied directly to intact RNAs, including (1) the exploitation of natural posttranslational modifications, (2) the repurposing of enzymatic transferase reactions, and (3) the nucleic acid-assisted labeling of intact RNAs. In addition, several methods are described in which specifically labeled RNAs are prepared de novo.
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17
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Chibac-Scutaru AL, Cojocaru C, Roman G, Samoilă P, Săcărescu G, Simionescu M, Săcărescu L. Synthesis of benzaldehyde-grafted polysilane: A highly stable and selective “turn-on” fluorescent sensor for cytosine. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Füchtbauer AF, Wranne MS, Sarangamath S, Bood M, El-Sagheer AH, Brown T, Gradén H, Grøtli M, Wilhelmsson LM. Lighting Up DNA with the Environment-Sensitive Bright Adenine Analogue qAN4. Chempluschem 2021; 85:319-326. [PMID: 32045137 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent adenine analogue qAN4 was recently shown to possess promising photophysical properties, including a high brightness as a monomer. Here we report the synthesis of the phosphoramidite of qAN4 and its successful incorporation into DNA oligonucleotides using standard solid-phase synthesis. Circular dichroism and thermal melting studies indicate that the qAN4-modification has a stabilizing effect on the B-form of DNA. Moreover, qAN4 base-pairs selectively with thymine with mismatch penalties similar to those of mismatches of adenine. The low energy absorption band of qAN4 inside DNA has its peak around 358 nm and the emission in duplex DNA is partly quenched and blue-shifted (ca. 410 nm), compared to the monomeric form. The spectral properties of the fluorophore also show sensitivity to pH; a property that may find biological applications. Quantum yields in single-stranded DNA range from 1-29 % and in duplex DNA from 1-7 %. In combination with the absorptive properties, this gives an average brightness inside duplex DNA of 275 M-1 cm-1 , more than five times higher than the most used environment-sensitive fluorescent base analogue, 2-aminopurine. Finally, we show that qAN4 can be used to advantage as a donor for interbase FRET applications in combination with adenine analogue qAnitro as an acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders F Füchtbauer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Moa S Wranne
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sangamesh Sarangamath
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Bood
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Afaf H El-Sagheer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,Chemistry Branch Department of Science and Mathematics Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, 43721, Egypt
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Gradén
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolic Diseases IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Morten Grøtli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Marcus Wilhelmsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Kishimoto Y, Nakagawa O, Fujii A, Yoshioka K, Nagata T, Yokota T, Hari Y, Obika S. 2',4'-BNA/LNA with 9-(2-Aminoethoxy)-1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine Efficiently Forms Duplexes and Has Enhanced Enzymatic Resistance*. Chemistry 2021; 27:2427-2438. [PMID: 33280173 PMCID: PMC7898338 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Artificial nucleic acids are widely used in various technologies, such as nucleic acid therapeutics and DNA nanotechnologies requiring excellent duplex-forming abilities and enhanced nuclease resistance. 2'-O,4'-C-Methylene-bridged nucleic acid/locked nucleic acid (2',4'-BNA/LNA) with 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine (BNAP (BH )) was previously reported. Herein, a novel BH analogue, 2',4'-BNA/LNA with 9-(2-aminoethoxy)-1,3-diaza-2-oxophenoxazine (G-clamp), named BNAP-AEO (BAEO ), was designed. The BAEO nucleoside was successfully synthesized and incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). ODNs containing BAEO possessed up to 104 -, 152-, and 11-fold higher binding affinities for complementary (c) RNA than those of ODNs containing 2'-deoxycytidine (C), 2',4'-BNA/LNA with 5-methylcytosine (L), or 2'-deoxyribonucleoside with G-clamp (PAEO ), respectively. Moreover, duplexes formed by ODN bearing BAEO with cDNA and cRNA were thermally stable, even under molecular crowding conditions induced by the addition of polyethylene glycol. Furthermore, ODN bearing BAEO was more resistant to 3'-exonuclease than ODNs with phosphorothioate linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka University1–6 Yamadaoka SuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), (Japan) Sciences and Technology Agency (JST)7 GobanchoChiyoda-kuTokyo102-0076Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka University1–6 Yamadaoka SuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), (Japan) Sciences and Technology Agency (JST)7 GobanchoChiyoda-kuTokyo102-0076Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTokushima Bunri University180 Nishihamahoji, Yamashiro-choTokushima770-8514Japan
| | - Akane Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka University1–6 Yamadaoka SuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), (Japan) Sciences and Technology Agency (JST)7 GobanchoChiyoda-kuTokyo102-0076Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshioka
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), (Japan) Sciences and Technology Agency (JST)7 GobanchoChiyoda-kuTokyo102-0076Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological ScienceGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8519Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nagata
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), (Japan) Sciences and Technology Agency (JST)7 GobanchoChiyoda-kuTokyo102-0076Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological ScienceGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8519Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), (Japan) Sciences and Technology Agency (JST)7 GobanchoChiyoda-kuTokyo102-0076Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological ScienceGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8519Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTokushima Bunri University180 Nishihamahoji, Yamashiro-choTokushima770-8514Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka University1–6 Yamadaoka SuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), (Japan) Sciences and Technology Agency (JST)7 GobanchoChiyoda-kuTokyo102-0076Japan
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20
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Hirashima S, Sugiyama H, Park S. Construction of a FRET System in a Double-Stranded DNA Using Fluorescent Thymidine and Cytidine Analogs. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8794-8800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hirashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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21
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Flexibility and Preorganization of Fluorescent Nucleobase-Pyrene Conjugates Control DNA and RNA Recognition. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092188. [PMID: 32392853 PMCID: PMC7248712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a new amino acid-fluorescent nucleobase derivative (qAN1-AA) and from it two new fluorescent nucleobase–fluorophore (pyrene) conjugates, whereby only the analogue with the longer and more flexible linker (qAN1-pyr2) self-folded into intramolecularly stacked qAN1/pyrene conformation, yielding characteristic, 100 nm-red-shifted emission (λmax = 500 nm). On the contrary, the shorter and more rigid linker resulted in non-stacked conformation (qAN1-pyr1), characterized by the emission of free pyrene at λmax = 400 nm. Both fluorescent nucleobase–fluorophore (pyrene) conjugates strongly interacted with ds-DNA/RNA grooves with similar affinity but opposite fluorescence response (due to pre-organization), whereas the amino acid-fluorescent base derivative (qAN1-AA) was inactive. However, only intramolecularly self-folded qAN1-pyr2 showed strong fluorescence selectivity toward poly U (Watson–Crick complementary to qAN1 nucleobase) and poly A (reverse Hoogsteen complementary to qAN1 nucleobase), while an opposite emission change was observed for non-complementary poly G and poly C. Non-folded analogue (qAN1-pyr1) showed no ss-RNA selectivity, demonstrating the importance of nucleobase-fluorophore pre-organization.
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22
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Steinmetzger C, Bäuerlein C, Höbartner C. Supramolecular Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Nucleobase‐Modified Fluorogenic RNA Aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Bäuerlein
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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23
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Steinmetzger C, Bäuerlein C, Höbartner C. Supramolecular Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Nucleobase-Modified Fluorogenic RNA Aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6760-6764. [PMID: 32052536 PMCID: PMC7187157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA aptamers form compact tertiary structures and bind their ligands in specific binding sites. Fluorescence-based strategies reveal information on structure and dynamics of RNA aptamers. Herein, we report the incorporation of the universal emissive nucleobase analog 4-cyanoindole into the fluorogenic RNA aptamer Chili, and its application as a donor for supramolecular FRET to the bound ligands DMHBI+ or DMHBO+ . The photophysical properties of the new nucleobase-ligand-FRET pair revealed structural restraints for the overall RNA aptamer organization and identified nucleotide positions suitable for FRET-based readout of ligand binding. This strategy is generally suitable for binding-site mapping and may also be applied for responsive aptamer devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Bäuerlein
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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24
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Fujii A, Nakagawa O, Kishimoto Y, Nakatsuji Y, Nozaki N, Obika S. Oligonucleotides Containing Phenoxazine Artificial Nucleobases: Triplex-Forming Abilities and Fluorescence Properties. Chembiochem 2019; 21:860-864. [PMID: 31568630 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Diaza-2-oxophenoxazine ("phenoxazine"), a tricyclic cytosine analogue, can strongly bind to guanine moieties and improve π-π stacking effects with adjacent bases in a duplex. Phenoxazine has been widely used for improving duplex-forming abilities. In this study, we have investigated whether phenoxazine and its analogue, 1,3,9-triaza-2-oxophenoxazine (9-TAP), could improve triplex-forming abilities. A triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) incorporating a phenoxazine component was found to show considerably decreased binding affinity with homopurine/homopyrimidine double-stranded DNA, so the phenoxazine system was considered not to function as either a protonated cytosine or thymine analogue. Alternatively, a 9-TAP-containing artificial nucleobase developed by us earlier as a new phenoxazine analogue functioned as a thymine analogue with respect to AT base pairs in a parallel triplex DNA motif. The fluorescence of the 9-TAP moiety was maintained even in triplex (9-TAP:AT) formation, so 9-TAP might be useful as an imaging tool for various oligonucleotide nanotechnologies requiring triplex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nozaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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25
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Marquezin CA, Ito AS, de Souza ES. Organization and dynamics of NBD-labeled lipids in lipid bilayer analyzed by FRET using the small membrane fluorescent probe AHBA as donor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:182995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Four steps for revealing and adjusting the 3D structure of aptamers in solution by small-angle X-ray scattering and computer simulation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6723-6732. [PMID: 31396648 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid (NA) aptamers bind to their targets with high affinity and selectivity. The three-dimensional (3D) structures of aptamers play a major role in these non-covalent interactions. Here, we use a four-step approach to determine a true 3D structure of aptamers in solution using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and molecular structure restoration (MSR). The approach consists of (i) acquiring SAXS experimental data of an aptamer in solution, (ii) building a spatial distribution of the molecule's electron density using SAXS results, (iii) constructing a 3D model of the aptamer from its nucleotide primary sequence and secondary structure, and (iv) comparing and refining the modeled 3D structures with the experimental SAXS model. In the proof-of-principle we analyzed the 3D structure of RE31 aptamer to thrombin in a native free state at different temperatures and validated it by circular dichroism (CD). The resulting 3D structure of RE31 has the most energetically favorable conformation and the same elements such as a B-form duplex, non-complementary region, and two G-quartets which were previously reported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) from a single crystal. More broadly, this study demonstrates the complementary approach for constructing and adjusting the 3D structures of aptamers, DNAzymes, and ribozymes in solution, and could supply new opportunities for developing functional nucleic acids. Graphical abstract.
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27
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Matarazzo A, Brow J, Hudson RH. Synthesis and photophysical evaluation of new fluorescent 7-arylethynyl-7-deazaadenosine analogs. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Three new fluorescent 7-deaza-2′-deoxyadenosine analogs were synthesized via the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of 7-iodo-7-deaza-2′-deoxyadenosine with 1-ethynylpyrene, 2-ethynyl-6-methoxynaphthalene, and 9-ethynylphenanthrene. The spectral properties of these analogs were evaluated in dioxane, EtOH, and H2O to determine their potential for use as environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes. All three analogs displayed large solvatofluorochromicity in H2O, relative to their emission wavelengths in dioxane or EtOH. Moreover, all three analogs exhibited microenvironmental sensitivity of their fluorescence emission intensity, being moderate to high quantum yields in dioxane and EtOH and significantly lower in H2O. Various attempts to perform domino cross-coupling and annuation reactions on 7-deaza-7-alkynyladenine derivatives to form a new fused tricyclic adenine analog were unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Matarazzo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Justin Brow
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Robert H.E. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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28
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Han JH, Park S, Hashiya F, Sugiyama H. Approach to the Investigation of Nucleosome Structure by Using the Highly Emissive Nucleobase
th
dG–tC FRET Pair. Chemistry 2018; 24:17091-17095. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Han
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8502 Japan
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8502 Japan
| | - Fumitaka Hashiya
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8502 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8502 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS)Kyoto University Yoshida-ushinomiyacho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
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29
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Hemicyanine-linked pyrimidine mimics as solvatochromic fluorophores with visible excitation wavelengths. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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