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Hong X, Stevens MC, Liu P, Wender PA, Houk KN. Reactivity and chemoselectivity of allenes in Rh(I)-catalyzed intermolecular (5 + 2) cycloadditions with vinylcyclopropanes: allene-mediated rhodacycle formation can poison Rh(I)-catalyzed cycloadditions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17273-83. [PMID: 25379606 PMCID: PMC4277756 DOI: 10.1021/ja5098308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allenes are important 2π building blocks in organic synthesis and engage as 2-carbon components in many metal-catalyzed reactions. Wender and co-workers discovered that methyl substituents on the terminal allene double bond counterintuitively change the reactivities of allenes in [Rh(CO)2Cl]2-catalyzed intermolecular (5 + 2) cycloadditions with vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs). More sterically encumbered allenes afford higher cycloadduct yields, and such effects are also observed in other Rh(I)-catalyzed intermolecular cycloadditions. Through density functional theory calculations (B3LYP and M06) and experiment, we explored this enigmatic reactivity and selectivity of allenes in [Rh(CO)2Cl]2-catalyzed intermolecular (5 + 2) cycloadditions with VCPs. The apparent low reactivity of terminally unsubstituted allenes is associated with a competing allene dimerization that irreversibly sequesters rhodium. With terminally substituted allenes, steric repulsion between the terminal substituents significantly increases the barrier of allene dimerization while the barrier of the (5 + 2) cycloaddition is not affected, and thus the cycloaddition prevails. Computation has also revealed the origin of chemoselectivity in (5 + 2) cycloadditions with allene-ynes. Although simple allene and acetylene have similar reaction barriers, intermolecular (5 + 2) cycloadditions of allene-ynes occur exclusively at the terminal allene double bond. The terminal double bond is more reactive due to the enhanced d-π* backdonation. At the same time, insertion of the internal double bond of an allene-yne has a higher barrier as it would break π conjugation. Substituted alkynes are more difficult to insert compared with acetylene, because of the steric repulsion from the additional substituents. This leads to the greater reactivity of the allene double bond relative to the alkynyl group in allene-ynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Matthew C. Stevens
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Iwata T, Inagaki F, Mukai C. Progress in Carbonylative [2+2+1] Cycloaddition: Utilization of a Nitrile Group as the π Component. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Iwata T, Inagaki F, Mukai C. Progress in Carbonylative [2+2+1] Cycloaddition: Utilization of a Nitrile Group as the π Component. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11138-42. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette D. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Thomas T. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Lechel T, Pfrengle F, Reissig HU, Zimmer R. Three Carbons for Complexity! Recent Developments of Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions of Allenes. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shafawati MS, Inagaki F, Kawamura T, Mukai C. Syntheses of 6-8-5 tricyclic ring systems by carbonylative [2+2+1] cycloaddition of bis(allene)s. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yuan W, Dong X, Shi M, McDowell P, Li G. Rh(I)-catalyzed Pauson-Khand-type cycloaddition reaction of ene-vinylidenecyclopropanes with carbon monoxide (CO). Org Lett 2012; 14:5582-5. [PMID: 23098194 PMCID: PMC3509757 DOI: 10.1021/ol302705z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An intramolecular Pauson-Khand type cycloaddition reaction of ene-vinylidenecyclopropanes with carbon monoxide has been established by using [Rh(COD)Cl](2) as the catalyst. The reaction was found to be highly efficient in solvents of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane to give excellent yields of 90-99%. The reaction provides easy access to a series of fused 6,5-ring structures containing spiro-cyclopropane units that are useful for drug design and development. A mechanism of this cycloaddition process has been proposed accounting for structures of resulting products that were unambiguously assigned by X-ray diffractional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Patrick McDowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
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Lu BL, Wei Y, Shi M. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Pauson–Khand-type [3 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition Reaction of Ene-Vinylidenecyclopropanes and CO: A Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Synthetic Approach for the Preparation of Aza- and Oxa-Bicyclic Compounds. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3004288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Li Lu
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic
of China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic
of China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic
of China
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Hayashi Y, Ogawa K, Inagaki F, Mukai C. First total synthesis of (+)-indicanone. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4747-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Inagaki F. [Intramolecular cyclization reaction of multiple bonds and its application]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2011; 131:1437-43. [PMID: 21963970 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cycloaddition and cycloisomerization of the allene with an alkyne, alkene, or an additional allene for construction of various monocyclic and bicyclic ring systems has been developed. The characteristic features of these methods using allene functionality instead of a simple alkene or alkyne include the reaction mode that originated from the double function as well as the high efficiency for the constructions of medium-sized rings. Furthermore, asymmetric formal synthesis of (+)-nakadomarin A and total synthesis of (+)-fawcettimine and (+)-lycoposerramine-B based on highly stereoselective Pauson-Khand reaction of alkene-alkynes were completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuhiko Inagaki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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