1
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Żuchowska K, Filipiak W. Modern approaches for detection of volatile organic compounds in metabolic studies focusing on pathogenic bacteria: Current state of the art. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100898. [PMID: 38634063 PMCID: PMC11022102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms produce numerous metabolites, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Monitoring these metabolites in biological matrices (e.g., urine, blood, or breath) can reveal the presence of specific microorganisms, enabling the early diagnosis of infections and the timely implementation of targeted therapy. However, complex matrices only contain trace levels of VOCs, and their constituent components can hinder determination of these compounds. Therefore, modern analytical techniques enabling the non-invasive identification and precise quantification of microbial VOCs are needed. In this paper, we discuss bacterial VOC analysis under in vitro conditions, in animal models and disease diagnosis in humans, including techniques for offline and online analysis in clinical settings. We also consider the advantages and limitations of novel microextraction techniques used to prepare biological samples for VOC analysis, in addition to reviewing current clinical studies on bacterial volatilomes that address inter-species interactions, the kinetics of VOC metabolism, and species- and drug-resistance specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Żuchowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Filipiak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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2
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Luo H, Riu M, Ryu CM, Yu JM. Volatile organic compounds emitted by Burkholderia pyrrocinia CNUC9 trigger induced systemic salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050901. [PMID: 36466674 PMCID: PMC9713481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is among the most significant abiotic stresses that negatively affects plant growth and agricultural productivity worldwide. One ecofriendly tool for broadly improving plant tolerance to salt stress is the use of bio-inoculum with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In this study, a bacterium strain CNUC9, which was isolated from maize rhizosphere, showed several plant growth-promoting characteristics including the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, indole acetic acid, siderophore, and phosphate solubilization. Based on 16S rRNA and recA gene sequence analysis, we identified strain CNUC9 as Burkholderia pyrrocinia. Out of bacterial determinants to elicit plant physiological changes, we investigated the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by B. pyrrocinia CNUC9 on growth promotion and salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Higher germination and survival rates were observed after CNUC9 VOCs exposure under 100 mM NaCl stress. CNUC9 VOCs altered the root system architecture and total leaf area of A. thaliana compared to the control. A. thaliana exposed to VOCs induced salt tolerance by increasing its total soluble sugar and chlorophyll content. In addition, lower levels of reactive oxygen species, proline, and malondialdehyde were detected in CNUC9 VOCs-treated A. thaliana seedlings under stress conditions, indicating that VOCs emitted by CNUC9 protected the plant from oxidative damage induced by salt stress. VOC profiles were obtained through solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), methyl thioacetate, and 2-undecanone were identified as products of CNUC9. Our results indicate that optimal concentrations of DMDS and 2-undecanone promoted growth in A. thaliana seedlings. Our findings provide greater insight into the salt stress alleviation of VOCs produced by B. pyrrocinia CNUC9, as well as potential sustainable agriculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myoungjoo Riu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Myoung Yu
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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3
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Vishinkin R, Busool R, Mansour E, Fish F, Esmail A, Kumar P, Gharaa A, Cancilla JC, Torrecilla JS, Skenders G, Leja M, Dheda K, Singh S, Haick H. Profiles of Volatile Biomarkers Detect Tuberculosis from Skin. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100235. [PMID: 34075714 PMCID: PMC8336503 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that threatens >10 million people annually. Despite advances in TB diagnostics, patients continue to receive an insufficient diagnosis as TB symptoms are not specific. Many existing biodiagnostic tests are slow, have low clinical performance, and can be unsuitable for resource-limited settings. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a rapid, sputum-free, and cost-effective triage test for real-time detection of TB is urgently needed. This article reports on a new diagnostic pathway enabling a noninvasive, fast, and highly accurate way of detecting TB. The approach relies on TB-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are detected and quantified from the skin headspace. A specifically designed nanomaterial-based sensors array translates these findings into a point-of-care diagnosis by discriminating between active pulmonary TB patients and controls with sensitivity above 90%. This fulfills the WHO's triage test requirements and poses the potential to become a TB triage test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Vishinkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Rami Busool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Elias Mansour
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Falk Fish
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Ali Esmail
- Centre for Lung Infection and ImmunityDivision of PulmonologyDepartment of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial ResistanceUniversity of Cape TownCape Town 7925South Africa
| | - Parveen Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi110029India
| | - Alaa Gharaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | | | - Jose S. Torrecilla
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringComplutense University of MadridMadrid28040Spain
| | - Girts Skenders
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Latvia and Riga east University HospitalRigaLV1079Latvia
| | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive MedicineUniversity of Latvia and Riga east University HospitalRigaLV1079Latvia
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Centre for Lung Infection and ImmunityDivision of PulmonologyDepartment of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial ResistanceUniversity of Cape TownCape Town 7925South Africa
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesDepartment of Infection BiologyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonWC1E 7HTUK
| | - Sarman Singh
- All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi110029India
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
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4
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Rodríguez-Hernández P, Rodríguez-Estévez V, Arce L, Gómez-Laguna J. Application of Volatilome Analysis to the Diagnosis of Mycobacteria Infection in Livestock. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:635155. [PMID: 34109231 PMCID: PMC8180594 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.635155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are small molecular mass metabolites which compose the volatilome, whose analysis has been widely employed in different areas. This innovative approach has emerged in research as a diagnostic alternative to different diseases in human and veterinary medicine, which still present constraints regarding analytical and diagnostic sensitivity. Such is the case of the infection by mycobacteria responsible for tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in livestock. Although eradication and control programs have been partly managed with success in many countries worldwide, the often low sensitivity of the current diagnostic techniques against Mycobacterium bovis (as well as other mycobacteria from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis together with other hurdles such as low mycobacteria loads in samples, a tedious process of microbiological culture, inhibition by many variables, or intermittent shedding of the mycobacteria highlight the importance of evaluating new techniques that open different options and complement the diagnostic paradigm. In this sense, volatilome analysis stands as a potential option because it fulfills part of the mycobacterial diagnosis requirements. The aim of the present review is to compile the information related to the diagnosis of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in livestock through the analysis of VOCs by using different biological matrices. The analytical techniques used for the evaluation of VOCs are discussed focusing on the advantages and drawbacks offered compared with the routine diagnostic tools. In addition, the differences described in the literature among in vivo and in vitro assays, natural and experimental infections, and the use of specific VOCs (targeted analysis) and complete VOC pattern (non-targeted analysis) are highlighted. This review emphasizes how this methodology could be useful in the problematic diagnosis of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in livestock and poses challenges to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez
- Department of Animal Production, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lourdes Arce
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Inst Univ Invest Quim Fina and Nanoquim Inst Univ Invest Quim Fina and Nanoquim (IUNAN), International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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5
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Chhalodia AK, Rinkel J, Konvalinkova D, Petersen J, Dickschat JS. Identification of volatiles from six marine Celeribacter strains. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:420-430. [PMID: 33633810 PMCID: PMC7884881 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The volatiles emitted from six marine Rhodobacteraceae species of the genus Celeribacter were investigated by GC-MS. Besides several known compounds including dimethyl trisulfide and S-methyl methanethiosulfonate, the sulfur-containing compounds ethyl (E)-3-(methylsulfanyl)acrylate and 2-(methyldisulfanyl)benzothiazole were identified and their structures were verified by synthesis. Feeding experiments with [methyl-2H3]methionine, [methyl-13C]methionine and [34S]-3-(dimethylsulfonio)propanoate (DMSP) resulted in the high incorporation into dimethyl trisulfide and S-methyl methanethiosulfonate, and revealed the origin of the methylsulfanyl group of 2-(methyldisulfanyl)benzothiazole from methionine or DMSP, while the biosynthetic origin of the benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl portion could not be traced. The heterocyclic moiety of this compound is likely of anthropogenic origin, because 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is used in the sulfur vulcanization of rubber. Also in none of the feeding experiments incorporation into ethyl (E)-3-(methylsulfanyl)acrylate could be observed, questioning its bacterial origin. Our results demonstrate that the Celeribacter strains are capable of methionine and DMSP degradation to widespread sulfur volatiles, but the analysis of trace compounds in natural samples must be taken with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Chhalodia
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dorota Konvalinkova
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörn Petersen
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7b, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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6
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Cosetta CM, Kfoury N, Robbat A, Wolfe BE. Fungal volatiles mediate cheese rind microbiome assembly. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4745-4760. [PMID: 32869420 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies in plant, soil, and human systems have shown that microbial volatiles can mediate microbe-microbe or microbe-host interactions. These previous studies have often used artificially high concentrations of volatiles compared to in situ systems and have not demonstrated the roles volatiles play in mediating community-level dynamics. We used the notoriously volatile cheese rind microbiome to identify bacteria responsive to volatiles produced by five widespread cheese fungi. Vibrio casei had the strongest growth stimulation when exposed to all fungi. In multispecies community experiments, fungal volatiles caused a shift to a Vibrio-dominated community, potentially explaining the widespread occurrence of Vibrio in surface-ripened cheeses. RNA sequencing identified activation of the glyoxylate shunt as a possible mechanism underlying volatile-mediated growth promotion and community assembly. Our study demonstrates how airborne chemicals could be used to control the composition of microbiomes and illustrates how volatiles may impact the development of cheese rinds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Cosetta
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Nicole Kfoury
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Benjamin E Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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7
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Ratiu IA, Bocos-Bintintan V, Monedeiro F, Milanowski M, Ligor T, Buszewski B. An Optimistic Vision of Future: Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections by Sensing Their Associated Volatile Organic Compounds. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:501-512. [PMID: 31514505 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1663147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple tests using sniff analysis that have the ability of diagnosing and rapidly distinguishing between infections due to different bacteria are urgently required by medical community worldwide. Professionals interested in this topic wish for these tests to be simultaneously cheap, fast, easily applicable, non-invasive, robust, reliable, and sensitive. Current analytical instrumentation has already the ability for performing real time (minutes or a few dozens of minutes) analysis of volatile bacterial biomarkers (the VOCs emitted by bacteria). Although many articles are available, a review displaying an objective evaluation of the current status in the field is still needed. This review tries to present an overview regarding the bacterial biomarkers released from in vitro cultivation of various bacterial strains and also from different biological matrices investigated, over the last 10 years. We have described results of relevant studies, which used modern analytical techniques to evaluate specific biomarker profiles associated with bacterial infections. Our purpose was to present a comprehensive view of available possibilities for detection of emitted bacterial VOCs from different matrices. We intend that this review to be of general interest for both medical doctors and for all researchers preoccupied with bacterial infectious diseases and their rapid diagnosis using analytical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Victor Bocos-Bintintan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Fernanda Monedeiro
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, CEP, Brazil
| | - Maciej Milanowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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8
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Maurer DL, Ellis CK, Thacker TC, Rice S, Koziel JA, Nol P, VerCauteren KC. Screening of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds for Detection of Disease in Cattle: Development of Lab-scale Method. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12103. [PMID: 31431630 PMCID: PMC6702204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary hurdle for diagnosis of some diseases is the long incubation required to culture and confirm the presence of bacteria. The concept of using microbial VOCs as "signature markers" could provide a faster and noninvasive diagnosis. Finding biomarkers is challenging due to the specificity required in complex matrices. The objectives of this study were to (1) build/test a lab-scale platform for screening of microbial VOCs and (2) apply it to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis; the vaccine strain of M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; and M. kansasii to demonstrate detection times greater those typically required for culture. SPME-GC-MS was used for sampling, sample preparation, and analyses. For objective (1), a testing platform was built for headspace sampling of bacterial cultures grown in standard culture flasks via a biosecure closed-loop circulating airflow system. For (2), results show that the suites of VOCs produced by Mycobacteria ssp. change over time and that individual strains produce different VOCs. The developed method was successful in discriminating between strains using a pooled multi-group analysis, and in timepoint-specific multi- and pair-wise comparisons. The developed testing platform can be useful for minimally invasive and biosecure collection of biomarkers associated with human, wildlife and livestock diseases for development of diagnostic point-of-care and field surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin L Maurer
- Iowa State University, Dept. of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Christine K Ellis
- USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Tyler C Thacker
- USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Mycobacterial Diseases, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Somchai Rice
- Iowa State University, Dept. of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jacek A Koziel
- Iowa State University, Dept. of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Pauline Nol
- USDA-APHIS-WS-Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Kurt C VerCauteren
- USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
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9
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Küntzel A, Weber M, Gierschner P, Trefz P, Miekisch W, Schubert JK, Reinhold P, Köhler H. Core profile of volatile organic compounds related to growth of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis - A comparative extract of three independent studies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221031. [PMID: 31415617 PMCID: PMC6695172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) derived from bacterial metabolism during cultivation is considered an innovative approach to accelerate in vitro detection of slowly growing bacteria. This applies also to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a debilitating chronic enteritis of ruminants. Diagnostic application demands robust VOC profiles that are reproducible under variable culture conditions. In this study, the VOC patterns of pure bacterial cultures, derived from three independent in vitro studies performed previously, were comparatively analyzed. Different statistical analyses were linked to extract the VOC core profile of MAP and to prove its robustness, which is a prerequisite for further development towards diagnostic application. Despite methodical variability of bacterial cultivation and sample pre-extraction, a common profile of 28 VOCs indicating cultural growth of MAP was defined. The substances cover six chemical classes. Four of the substances decreased above MAP and 24 increased. Random forest classification was applied to rank the compounds relative to their importance and for classification of MAP versus control samples. Already the top-ranked compound alone achieved high discrimination (AUC 0.85), which was further increased utilizing all compounds of the VOC core profile of MAP (AUC 0.91). The discriminatory power of this tool for the characterization of natural diagnostic samples, in particular its diagnostic specificity for MAP, has to be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Küntzel
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Gierschner
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (RoMBAT), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Phillip Trefz
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (RoMBAT), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (RoMBAT), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen K. Schubert
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (RoMBAT), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
- National Reference Laboratory for Paratuberculosis, FLI, Jena, Germany
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10
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Mellors TR, Nasir M, Franchina FA, Smolinska A, Blanchet L, Flynn JL, Tomko J, O’Malley M, Scanga CA, Lin PL, Wagner J, Hill JE. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using volatile biomarkers in culture and exhaled breath. J Breath Res 2018; 13:016004. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aacd18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Druszczynska M, Wawrocki S, Szewczyk R, Rudnicka W. Mycobacteria-derived biomarkers for tuberculosis diagnosis. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:700-707. [PMID: 29664027 PMCID: PMC5926340 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1441_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an escalating problem worldwide. The current diagnostic methods do not always guarantee reliable diagnosis. TB treatment is a time-consuming process that requires the use of several chemotherapeutics, to which mycobacteria are becoming increasingly resistant. This article focuses on the potential utility of biomarkers of mycobacterial origin with potential implications for TB diagnosis. Properly standardized indicators could become new diagnostic tools, improving and streamlining the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the implementation of appropriate therapy. These markers can also potentially provide a quick confirmation of effectiveness of new anti-mycobacterial drugs and TB vaccines, leading to a possible application in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Druszczynska
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Immunology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Wawrocki
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Immunology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Szewczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Immunology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Immunology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Broza YY, Vishinkin R, Barash O, Nakhleh MK, Haick H. Synergy between nanomaterials and volatile organic compounds for non-invasive medical evaluation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4781-4859. [PMID: 29888356 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article is an overview of the present and ongoing developments in the field of nanomaterial-based sensors for enabling fast, relatively inexpensive and minimally (or non-) invasive diagnostics of health conditions with follow-up by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) excreted from one or combination of human body fluids and tissues (e.g., blood, urine, breath, skin). Part of the review provides a didactic examination of the concepts and approaches related to emerging sensing materials and transduction techniques linked with the VOC-based non-invasive medical evaluations. We also present and discuss diverse characteristics of these innovative sensors, such as their mode of operation, sensitivity, selectivity and response time, as well as the major approaches proposed for enhancing their ability as hybrid sensors to afford multidimensional sensing and information-based sensing. The other parts of the review give an updated compilation of the past and currently available VOC-based sensors for disease diagnostics. This compilation summarizes all VOCs identified in relation to sickness and sampling origin that links these data with advanced nanomaterial-based sensing technologies. Both strength and pitfalls are discussed and criticized, particularly from the perspective of the information and communication era. Further ideas regarding improvement of sensors, sensor arrays, sensing devices and the proposed workflow are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Y Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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Rapid Screening of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aframomum danielli Seeds Using Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:8976304. [PMID: 29849643 PMCID: PMC5933046 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8976304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from plants have been used in the fragrance industry since time immemorial. Herein we report on the rapid screening of VOCs from seeds of ripe Aframomum danielli (family, Zingiberaceae) using a polydimethylsiloxane fibre headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) instrument. Portions of 0.25, 0.35, and 0.50 g of ground sample were weighed and extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was achieved using a 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane solid phase microextraction (PDMS SPME) fibre, with the equilibrium time of 40 minutes and extraction temperature of 50°C; the following compounds with their respective relative abundances were obtained as the top ten most abundant and annotated ones using NIST, Wiley, and Fragrances Libraries: eucalyptol (58%); β-pinene (22%); α-pinene (7.5%); α-terpineol (4%), α-terpinyl acetate (2%); α-bergamotene (1%); pinocarveol (0.39%); α-copaene (0.35%); caryophyllene (0.34); and β-bisabolene (0.31%). These compounds have been reported elsewhere in the literature and listed in the Fragrances Library, incorporated into the Saturn QP2020 GCMS Solution® software used for their analysis.
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Küntzel A, Oertel P, Fischer S, Bergmann A, Trefz P, Schubert J, Miekisch W, Reinhold P, Köhler H. Comparative analysis of volatile organic compounds for the classification and identification of mycobacterial species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194348. [PMID: 29558492 PMCID: PMC5860768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Species of Mycobacteriaceae cause serious zoonotic diseases in mammals, for example tuberculosis in humans, dogs, parrots, and elephants (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and in ruminants and humans (caused by M. bovis and M. caprae). Pulmonary diseases, lymphadenitis, skin diseases, and disseminated diseases can be caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Diagnosis and differentiation among Mycobacterium species are currently done by culture isolation. The established diagnostic protocols comprise several steps that allow species identification. Detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) above bacterial cultures is a promising approach towards accelerating species identification via culture isolation. The aims of this project were to analyse VOCs in the headspace above 13 different species of mycobacteria, to define VOC profiles that are unique for each species, and to compile a set of substances that indicate the presence of growing mycobacteria in general. Materials & methods VOCs were measured in the headspace above 17 different mycobacterial strains, all cultivated on Herrold’s Egg Yolk Medium and above pure media slants that served as controls. For pre-concentration of VOCs, needle-trap micro-extraction was employed. Samples were subsequently analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All volatiles were identified and calibrated by analysing pure reference substances. Results More than 130 VOCs were detected in headspace above mycobacteria-inoculated and control slants. Results confirmed significant VOC emissions above all mycobacterial species that had grown well. Concentration changes were measurable in vials with visually assessed bacterial growth and vials without apparent growth. VOCs above mycobacterial cultures could be grouped into substances that were either higher or equally concentrated, lower or equally concentrated, or both as those above control slants. Hence, we were able to identify 17 substances as potential biomarkers of the presence of growing mycobacteria in general. Conclusions This study revealed species-specific VOC profiles for eleven species of mycobacteria that showed visually apparent bacterial growth at the time point of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Küntzel
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at the ‘Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut‘ (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Oertel
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sina Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at the ‘Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut‘ (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Phillip Trefz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen Schubert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at the ‘Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut‘ (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at the ‘Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut‘ (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
- National Reference Laboratory for Paratuberculosis, Jena, Germany
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15
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Rees CA, Burklund A, Stefanuto PH, Schwartzman JD, Hill JE. Comprehensive volatile metabolic fingerprinting of bacterial and fungal pathogen groups. J Breath Res 2018; 12:026001. [PMID: 28952968 PMCID: PMC5832594 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa8f7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The identification of pathogen-specific volatile metabolic 'fingerprints' could lead to the rapid identification of disease-causing organisms either directly from ex vivo patient bio-specimens or from in vitro cultures. In the present study, we have evaluated the volatile metabolites produced by 100 clinical isolates belonging to ten distinct pathogen groups that, in aggregate, account for 90% of bloodstream infections, 90% of urinary tract infections, and 80% of infections encountered in the intensive care unit setting. Headspace volatile metabolites produced in vitro were concentrated using headspace solid-phase microextraction and analyzed via two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS). A total of 811 volatile metabolites were detected across all samples, of which 203 were: (1) detected in 9 or 10 (of 10) isolates belonging to one or more pathogen groups, and (2) significantly more abundant in cultures relative to sterile media. Network analysis revealed a distinct metabolic fingerprint associated with each pathogen group, and analysis via Random Forest using leave-one-out cross-validation resulted in a 95% accuracy for the differentiation between groups. The present findings support the results of prior studies that have reported on the differential production of volatile metabolites across pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and provide additional insight through the inclusion of pathogen groups that have seldom been studied previously, including Acinetobacter spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Proteus mirabilis, as well as the utilization of HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS for improved sensitivity and resolution relative to traditional gas chromatography-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Burklund
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Joseph D Schwartzman
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jane E Hill
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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16
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Mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of volatile organic compounds emitted from bacteria. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1069-1092. [PMID: 28737423 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are the main cause of many human diseases. Typical bacterial identification methods, for example culture-based, serological and genetic methods, are time-consuming, delaying the potential for an early and accurate diagnosis and the appropriate subsequent treatment. Nevertheless, there is a stringent need for in situ tests that are rapid, noninvasive and sensitive, which will greatly facilitate timely treatment of the patients. This review article presents volatile organic metabolites emitted from various micro-organism strains responsible for common bacterial infections in humans. Additionally, the manuscript shows the application of different analytical techniques for fast bacterial identification. Details of these techniques are given, which focuses on their advantages and drawbacks in using for volatile organic components analysis.
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17
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Rhodozepinone, a new antitrypanosomal azepino-diindole alkaloid from the marine sponge-derived bacterium Rhodococcus sp. UA13. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Ellis CK, Rice S, Maurer D, Stahl R, Waters WR, Palmer MV, Nol P, Rhyan JC, VerCauteren KC, Koziel JA. Use of fecal volatile organic compound analysis to discriminate between non-vaccinated and BCG-Vaccinated cattle prior to and after Mycobacterium bovis challenge. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179914. [PMID: 28686691 PMCID: PMC5501492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease of global public health concern. Development of diagnostic tools to improve test accuracy and efficiency in domestic livestock and enable surveillance of wildlife reservoirs would improve disease management and eradication efforts. Use of volatile organic compound analysis in breath and fecal samples is being developed and optimized as a means to detect disease in humans and animals. In this study we demonstrate that VOCs present in fecal samples can be used to discriminate between non-vaccinated and BCG-vaccinated cattle prior to and after Mycobacterium bovis challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine K. Ellis
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Somchai Rice
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Devin Maurer
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Randal Stahl
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - W. Ray Waters
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mitchell V. Palmer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Pauline Nol
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jack C. Rhyan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kurt C. VerCauteren
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jacek A. Koziel
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Mellors TR, Rees CA, Wieland-Alter WF, von Reyn CF, Hill JE. The volatile molecule signature of four mycobacteria species. J Breath Res 2017; 11:031002. [PMID: 28424429 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa6e06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteria are the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide and limitations in current diagnostics are hampering control efforts. In recent years, the use of small volatile molecules as diagnostic biomarkers for mycobacteria has shown promise for use in the rapid analysis of in vitro cultures as well as ex vivo diagnosis using breath or sputum. In this study, 18 strains from four mycobacteria species (Mycobacterium avium, M. bovis BCG, M. intracellulare and M. xenopi) were analyzed for the first time using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). This study represents the first time volatile molecules associated with M. intracellulare and M. xenopi have ever been reported. A total of 217 chromatographic features were identified and 58 features were selected that discriminate between these four species. Putative identifications are provided for 17 of the 58 discriminatory features, three of which have been reported previously in mycobacteria. The identification of mycobacteria-associated volatile biomarker suites could reduce the time-to-diagnosis for mycobacterial infections, either from in vitro cultures prior to the visualization of colonies or directly from ex vivo specimens, thereby shortening the empiric treatment window and potentially improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Mellors
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, United States of America
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Montes Vidal D, von Rymon-Lipinski AL, Ravella S, Groenhagen U, Herrmann J, Zaburannyi N, Zarbin PHG, Varadarajan AR, Ahrens CH, Weisskopf L, Müller R, Schulz S. Langkettige Alkylcyanide, beispiellose flüchtige Verbindungen aus Pseudomonas
- und Micromonospora
-Bakterien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Montes Vidal
- Institut für Organische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos; Departamento de Química - UFPR; Curitiba - PR Brasilien
| | | | - Srinivasa Ravella
- Institut für Organische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Groenhagen
- Institut für Organische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Abteilung Mikrobielle Naturstoffe; Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland; Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung; Universität des Saarlandes; Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Nestor Zaburannyi
- Abteilung Mikrobielle Naturstoffe; Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland; Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung; Universität des Saarlandes; Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Paulo H. G. Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos; Departamento de Química - UFPR; Curitiba - PR Brasilien
| | | | | | - Laure Weisskopf
- Institut für Weinbau und Önologie; Fachhochschule Westschweiz; Schweiz
- Agroscope; Schweiz
| | - Rolf Müller
- Abteilung Mikrobielle Naturstoffe; Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland; Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung; Universität des Saarlandes; Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
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21
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Montes Vidal D, von Rymon-Lipinski AL, Ravella S, Groenhagen U, Herrmann J, Zaburannyi N, Zarbin PHG, Varadarajan AR, Ahrens CH, Weisskopf L, Müller R, Schulz S. Long-Chain Alkyl Cyanides: Unprecedented Volatile Compounds Released by Pseudomonas
and Micromonospora
Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4342-4346. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Montes Vidal
- Institut für Organische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos; Departamento de Química-UFPR; Curitiba PR Brazil
| | | | - Srinivasa Ravella
- Institut für Organische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ulrike Groenhagen
- Institut für Organische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Microbial Natural Products; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Saarland University; Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Nestor Zaburannyi
- Microbial Natural Products; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Saarland University; Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Paulo H. G. Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos; Departamento de Química-UFPR; Curitiba PR Brazil
| | | | | | - Laure Weisskopf
- Institute for Viticulture and Oenology; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland; Switzerland
- Agroscope; Switzerland
| | - Rolf Müller
- Microbial Natural Products; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Saarland University; Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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van Noord D, Kolkman JJ. Functional testing in the diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:59-68. [PMID: 28395789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) results from insufficient oxygen delivery or utilization to meet metabolic demand. Two main mechanisms may lead to mesenteric ischemia: occlusion in the arteries or veins of the gastrointestinal tract, or reduced blood flow from shock states or increased intra-abdominal pressure, so-called non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia. Severe stenoses in the three main mesenteric vessels as demonstrated with CT-angiography or MR-angiography are sufficient to proof mesenteric ischemia, for example in patients who present with weight loss, postprandial pain and diarrhea. Still in many clinical situations mesenteric ischemia is only one of many possible explanations. Especially in patients with a single vessel stenosis in the celiac artery or superior mesenteric artery with postprandial pain, mesenteric ischemia remains a diagnosis of probability or assumption without functional proof of actual ischemia. This review is aimed to provide an overview of all past, present and future ways to functionally proof CMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée van Noord
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen J Kolkman
- Medisch Spectrum Twente, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enschede, The Netherlands; Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Zetola NM, Modongo C, Matsiri O, Tamuhla T, Mbongwe B, Matlhagela K, Sepako E, Catini A, Sirugo G, Martinelli E, Paolesse R, Di Natale C. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and assessment of treatment response through analyses of volatile compound patterns in exhaled breath samples. J Infect 2016; 74:367-376. [PMID: 28017825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We determined the performance of a sensor array (an electronic nose) made of 8 metalloporphyrins coated quartz microbalances sensors for the diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) using exhaled breath samples. METHODS TB cases and healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Signals from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath samples were measured at days 0, 2, 7, 14, and 30 of TB therapy and correlated with clinical and microbiological measurements. RESULTS Fifty one pulmonary TB cases and 20 healthy HIV-uninfected controls were enrolled in the study. 31 (61%) of the 51 pulmonary TB cases were coinfected with HIV. At day 0 (before TB treatment initiation) the sensitivity of our device was estimated at 94.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.8-98.8%) and specificity was 90.0% (95% CI, 68.3-98.8%) for distinguishing TB cases from controls. Time-dependent changes in the breath signals were identified as time on TB treatment progressed. Time-dependent signal changes were more pronounced among HIV-uninfected patients. CONCLUSION The identification of VOCs' signals in breath samples using a sensor array achieved high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of TB and allowed following signal changes during TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Zetola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; School of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Botswana-UPenn Partnership, University of Pennsylvania, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Chawangwa Modongo
- Botswana-UPenn Partnership, University of Pennsylvania, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Ogopotse Matsiri
- Botswana-UPenn Partnership, University of Pennsylvania, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Tsaone Tamuhla
- Botswana-UPenn Partnership, University of Pennsylvania, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Bontle Mbongwe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | | | - Enoch Sepako
- School of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Alexandro Catini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Centro di Ricerca, Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Breath testing has enormous potential in the medical diagnostic field. The underlying complexity and perceived availability of adequate specimens, combined with a lack of knowledge of the metabolic pathways that give rise to compounds that are sources of analytes detectable in breath, has greatly slowed development. These real obstacles have recently been largely overcome in the use of breath testing to identify patients with cystic fibrosis associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and tuberculosis. This review summarizes progress made in the characterization of microbial volatiles produced by major lower respiratory tract bacterial pathogens, and their potential use as diagnostic markers in patient breath testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Graham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; E-mail:
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25
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Reither K, Jugheli L, Glass TR, Sasamalo M, Mhimbira FA, Weetjens BJ, Cox C, Edwards TL, Mulder C, Beyene NW, Mahoney A. Evaluation of Giant African Pouched Rats for Detection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients from a High-Endemic Setting. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135877. [PMID: 26445086 PMCID: PMC4596709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study established evidence about the diagnostic performance of trained giant African pouched rats for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum of well-characterised patients with presumptive tuberculosis (TB) in a high-burden setting. Methods The TB detection rats were evaluated using sputum samples of patients with presumptive TB enrolled in two prospective cohort studies in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. The patients were characterised by sputum smear microscopy and culture, including subsequent antigen or molecular confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and by clinical data at enrolment and for at least 5-months of follow-up to determine the reference standard. Seven trained giant African pouched rats were used for the detection of TB in the sputum samples after shipment to the APOPO project in Morogoro, Tanzania. Results Of 469 eligible patients, 109 (23.2%) were culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 128 (27.3%) were non-TB controls with sustained recovery after 5 months without anti-TB treatment. The HIV prevalence was 46%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the seven rats for the detection of culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 0.72 (95% CI 0.66–0.78). An optimal threshold could be defined at ≥2 indications by rats in either sample with a corresponding sensitivity of 56.9% (95% CI 47.0–66.3), specificity of 80.5% (95% CI 72.5–86.9), positive and negative predictive value of 71.3% (95% CI 60.6–80.5) and 68.7% (95% CI 60.6–76.0), and an accuracy for TB diagnosis of 69.6%. The diagnostic performance was negatively influenced by low burden of bacilli, and independent of the HIV status. Conclusion Giant African pouched rats have potential for detection of tuberculosis in sputum samples. However, the diagnostic performance characteristics of TB detection rats do not currently meet the requirements for high-priority, rapid sputum-based TB diagnostics as defined by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Reither
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Levan Jugheli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Tracy R. Glass
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bart J. Weetjens
- Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Christophe Cox
- Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Timothy L. Edwards
- Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christiaan Mulder
- Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), Morogoro, Tanzania
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Negussie W. Beyene
- Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Amanda Mahoney
- Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
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Romano A, Capozzi V, Spano G, Biasioli F. Proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry: online and rapid determination of volatile organic compounds of microbial origin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3787-95. [PMID: 25808516 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Analytical tools for the identification and quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microbial cultures have countless applications in an industrial and research context which are still not fully exploited. The various techniques for VOC analysis generally arise from the application of different scientific and technological philosophies, favoring either sample throughput or chemical information. Proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) represents a valid compromise between the two aforementioned approaches, providing rapid and direct measurements along with highly informative analytical output. The present paper reviews the main applications of PTR-MS in the microbiological field, comprising food, environmental, and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romano
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
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Heyckendorf J, Olaru ID, Ruhwald M, Lange C. Getting Personal Perspectives on Individualized Treatment Duration in Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:374-83. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201402-0363pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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A Volatile Relationship: Profiling an Inter-Kingdom Dialogue Between two Plant Pathogens, Ralstonia Solanacearum and Aspergillus Flavus. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:502-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ellis CK, Stahl RS, Nol P, Waters WR, Palmer MV, Rhyan JC, VerCauteren KC, McCollum M, Salman MD. A pilot study exploring the use of breath analysis to differentiate healthy cattle from cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89280. [PMID: 24586655 PMCID: PMC3933422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a zoonotic disease of international public health importance. Ante-mortem surveillance is essential for control; however, current surveillance tests are hampered by limitations affecting ease of use or quality of results. There is an emerging interest in human and veterinary medicine in diagnosing disease via identification of volatile organic compounds produced by pathogens and host-pathogen interactions. The objective of this pilot study was to explore application of existing human breath collection and analysis methodologies to cattle as a means to identify M. bovis infection through detection of unique volatile organic compounds or changes in the volatile organic compound profiles present in breath. Breath samples from 23 male Holstein calves (7 non-infected and 16 M. bovis-infected) were collected onto commercially available sorbent cartridges using a mask system at 90 days post-inoculation with M. bovis. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and chromatographic data were analyzed using standard analytical chemical and metabolomic analyses, principle components analysis, and a linear discriminant algorithm. The findings provide proof of concept that breath-derived volatile organic compound analysis can be used to differentiate between healthy and M. bovis-infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine K. Ellis
- Animal Population Health Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Randal S. Stahl
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pauline Nol
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - W. Ray Waters
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mitchell V. Palmer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jack C. Rhyan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kurt C. VerCauteren
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Matthew McCollum
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - M. D. Salman
- Animal Population Health Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structural determination, synthesis and chemical and microbiological transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. The literature from January to December 2012 is reviewed, and 471 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Manginell RP, Pimentel AS, Mowry CD, Mangan MA, Moorman MW, Allen A, Schares ES, Achyuthan KE. Diagnostic potential of the pulsed discharged helium ionization detector (PDHID) for pathogenic Mycobacterial volatile biomarkers. J Breath Res 2013; 7:037107. [PMID: 23867723 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/3/037107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic Mycobacteria cause diseases in animals and humans with significant economic and societal consequences. Current methods for Mycobacterial detection relies upon time- and labor-intensive techniques such as culturing or DNA analysis. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, four volatile compounds (methyl phenylacetate, methyl p-anisate, methyl nicotinate and o-phenyl anisole) were recently proposed as potential biomarkers for Mycobacteria. We demonstrate for the first time the capabilities of a field-deployable, pulsed discharge helium ionization detector (PDHID) for sensing these volatiles. We determined the analytical performance of the PDHID toward these Mycobacterial volatiles. Detector performance was moderately affected over the temperature range of 150 to 350 °C. The linear dynamic range for all four analytes exceeded three orders of magnitude. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were calculated as 150 and 450 pg respectively, for all compounds, except methyl phenylacetate (LOD and LOQ, 90 and 270 pg, respectively). Control charts revealed that the PDHID detection system was generally stable, and deviations could be traced to common causes and excluded special causes. Grob tests and ionization potential data suggest that the PDHID is capable of detecting Mycobacterial volatiles in a complex milieu such as culture headspace or breath samples from tuberculosis patients. The diagnostic potential of the PDHID is critical to our goal of a handheld, field-deployable 'sniffer' system for biological pathogens and chemical warfare agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Manginell
- Microsystems-Enabled Detection Department, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0892, USA.
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Scott-Thomas A, Epton M, Chambers S. Validating a breath collection and analysis system for the new tuberculosis breath test. J Breath Res 2013; 7:037108. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/3/037108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Groenhagen U, Baumgartner R, Bailly A, Gardiner A, Eberl L, Schulz S, Weisskopf L. Production of bioactive volatiles by different Burkholderia ambifaria strains. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:892-906. [PMID: 23832658 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that volatile compounds emitted by bacteria can influence the growth of other organisms. In this study, the volatiles produced by three different strains of Burkholderia ambifaria were analysed and their effects on the growth of plants and fungi, as well as on the antibiotic resistance of target bacteria, were assessed. Burkholderia ambifaria emitted highly bioactive volatiles independently of the strain origin (clinical environment, rhizosphere of pea, roots of maize). These volatile blends induced significant biomass increase in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as well as growth inhibition of two phytopathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata). In Escherichia coli exposed to the volatiles of B. ambifaria, resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin and kanamycin was found to be increased. The volatile blends of the three strains were similar, and dimethyl disulfide was the most abundant compound. Sulfur compounds, ketones, and aromatic compounds were major groups in all three volatile profiles. When applied as pure substance, dimethyl disulfide led to increased plant biomass, as did acetophenone and 3-hexanone. Significant fungal growth reduction was observed with high concentrations of dimethyl di- and trisulfide, 4-octanone, S-methyl methanethiosulphonate, 1-phenylpropan-1-one, and 2-undecanone, while dimethyl trisulfide, 1-methylthio-3-pentanone, and o-aminoacetophenone increased resistance of E. coli to aminoglycosides. Comparison of the volatile profile produced by an engineered mutant impaired in quorum-sensing (QS) signalling with the corresponding wild-type led to the conclusion that QS is not involved in the regulation of volatile production in B. ambifaria LMG strain 19182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Groenhagen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Bruins M, Rahim Z, Bos A, van de Sande WWJ, Endtz HP, van Belkum A. Diagnosis of active tuberculosis by e-nose analysis of exhaled air. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2012; 93:232-8. [PMID: 23127779 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a highly infectious airborne disease, remains a major global health problem. Many of the new diagnostic techniques are not suited for operation in the highly-endemic low-income countries. A sensitive, fast, easy-to-operate and low-cost method is urgently needed. We performed a Proof of Principle Study (30 participants) and a Validation Study (194 participants) to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of a sophisticated electronic nose (DiagNose, C-it BV) using exhaled air to detect tuberculosis. The DiagNose uses a measurement method that enables transfer of calibration models between devices thus eliminating the most common pitfall for large scale implementation of electronic noses in general. DiagNose measurements were validated using traditional sputum smear microscopy and culture on Löwenstein-Jensen media. We found a sensitivity of 95.9% and specificity of 98.5% for the pilot study. In the validation study we found a sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 85.3% discriminating healthy controls from TB patients, and a sensitivity of 76.5% and specificity of 87.2% when identifying TB patient within the entire test-population (best-case numbers). The portability and fast time-to-result of the DiagNose enables a proactive screening search for new TB cases in rural areas, without the need for highly-skilled operators or a hospital center infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Bruins
- Consultatie Implementatie Technisch Beheer B.V. (C-it), Marspoortstraat 2, 7201 JB Zutphen, The Netherlands.
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Mgode GF, Weetjens BJ, Nawrath T, Lazar D, Cox C, Jubitana M, Mahoney A, Kuipers D, Machang'u RS, Weiner J, Schulz S, Kaufmann SHE. Mycobacterium tuberculosis volatiles for diagnosis of tuberculosis by Cricetomys rats. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2012; 92:535-42. [PMID: 22883935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in regions with limited resources depends on microscopy with insufficient sensitivity. Rapid diagnostic tests of low cost but high sensitivity and specificity are needed for better point-of-care management of TB. Trained African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys sp.) can diagnose pulmonary TB in sputum but the relevant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific volatile compounds remain unknown. We investigated the odour volatiles of Mtb detected by rats in reference Mtb, nontuberculous mycobacteria, Nocardia sp., Streptomyces sp., Rhodococcus sp., and other respiratory tract microorganisms spiked into Mtb-negative sputum. Thirteen compounds were specific to Mtb and 13 were shared with other microorganisms. Rats discriminated a blend of Mtb-specific volatiles from individual, and blends of shared, compounds (P = 0.001). The rats' sensitivity for typical TB-positive sputa was 99.15% with 92.23% specificity and 93.14% accuracy. These findings underline the potential of trained Cricetomys rats for rapid TB diagnosis in resource-limited settings, particularly in Africa where Cricetomys rats occur widely and the burden of TB is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgies F Mgode
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Campus Charité Mitte, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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