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Ahrens A, Schwarz J, Lustosa DM, Pourkaveh R, Hoffmann M, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis of Fulvene Vinyl Ethers by Gold Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:5280-5287. [PMID: 32092204 PMCID: PMC7216831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed cyclization of 1,5-diynes with ketones as reagents and solvent provides diversely substituted vinyl ethers under mild conditions. The regioselectivity of such gold-catalyzed cyclizations is usually controlled by the scaffold of the diyne. Herein, we report the first solvent-controlled switching of regioselectivity from a 6-endo-dig- to 5-endo-dig-cyclization in these transformations, providing fulvene derivatives. With respect to the functional-group tolerance, aryl fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and ethers are tolerated. Furthermore, the mechanism and selectivity are put to scrutiny by experimental studies and a thermodynamic analysis of the product. Additionally, 6-(vinyloxy)fulvenes are a hitherto unknown class of compounds. Their reactivity is briefly evaluated, to give insights into their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ahrens
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Schwarz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danilo M Lustosa
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raheleh Pourkaveh
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, PO Box 111559516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Dong B, Xi Y, Su Y, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Shi X. Gold/gallium-catalyzed annulation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and cyclopropylacetylenes for synthesis of substituted cyclopentenes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00896h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of substituted cyclopentenes through gold/gallium-catalyzed annulation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and cyclopropylacetylenes is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Dong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
| | - Yumeng Xi
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| | - Yijin Su
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
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Hosseyni S, Ding S, Su Y, Akhmedov NG, Shi X. Triazole-gold promoted intermolecular propargyl alcohol addition to alkyne: the reaction cascade toward substituted allenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 52:296-9. [PMID: 26511678 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed intermolecular propargyl alcohol addition to alkyne was achieved. The reaction of propargyl alcohol with a typical gold catalyst gave the hydration product almost exclusively. The triazole gold catalyst (TA-Au) successfully prevented the hydration, giving the vinyl ether followed by a 3,3-rearrangement. Synthetically useful substituted allenes were formed with high efficiency, substrate tolerability and chemoselectivity. Also, more than 95% chirality transfer from propargyl alcohol to allene was obtained.
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Cai R, Wang D, Chen Y, Yan W, Geise NR, Sharma S, Li H, Petersen JL, Li M, Shi X. Facile synthesis of fluorescent active triazapentalenes through gold-catalyzed triazole-alkyne cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:7303-5. [PMID: 24872118 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03175j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent active triazapentalene zwitterions (TAPZs) were prepared through Au(I) catalyzed triazole-alkyne 5-endo-dig cyclization. While an effective gold catalyst turnover (0.5% loading, up to 96% yield) was achieved, the stability of these new 10-π-electron bicyclic structures was also significantly improved, which warranted future applications of these fluorescent dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Xi Y, Su Y, Yu Z, Dong B, McClain EJ, Lan Y, Shi X. Chemoselective Carbophilic Addition of α-Diazoesters through Ligand-Controlled Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Xi Y, Su Y, Yu Z, Dong B, McClain EJ, Lan Y, Shi X. Chemoselective carbophilic addition of α-diazoesters through ligand-controlled gold catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9817-21. [PMID: 25056282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The chemoselective addition of arenes and 1,3-diketones to α-aryldiazoesters was achieved through ligand-controlled gold catalysis. Unlike a dirhodium catalyst (which promotes C(sp3)-H insertion and cyclopropanation) and a copper catalyst (which catalyzes O-H and N-H insertions), the gold catalyst with an electron-deficient phosphite as the ancillary ligand exclusively gave the carbophilic addition product, thus representing a new and efficient approach to form "carbophilic carbocations", which selectively react with carbon nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xi
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (USA) http://community.wvu.edu/∼xs007/
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Su Y, Zhang Y, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Shi X. Ambient intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition: an example of carbophilicity and oxophilicity competition in Au/Ag catalysis. Org Lett 2014; 16:2478-81. [PMID: 24738866 DOI: 10.1021/ol500854m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The gold-catalyzed intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of propargyl esters was achieved with good stereoselectivity. The "silver-free" condition was critical for this transformation, while only a trace amount of [2 + 2] products were formed in the presence of silver under otherwise identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Su
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Xi Y, Dong B, McClain EJ, Wang Q, Gregg TL, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Shi X. Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular CS Bond Formation: Efficient Synthesis of α-Substituted Vinyl Sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Xi Y, Dong B, McClain EJ, Wang Q, Gregg TL, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Shi X. Gold-catalyzed intermolecular C-S bond formation: efficient synthesis of α-substituted vinyl sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4657-61. [PMID: 24692330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of α-substituted vinyl sulfones makes use of a combination of a triazole gold complex and gallium triflate. This efficient CS bond formation between simple terminal alkynes and sulfinic acids provides access to various α-substituted vinyl sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xi
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 (USA) http://community.wvu.edu/∼xs007/
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Fang W, Presset M, Guérinot A, Bour C, Bezzenine-Lafollée S, Gandon V. Silver-free two-component approach in gold catalysis: activation of [LAuCl] complexes with derivatives of copper, zinc, indium, bismuth, and other Lewis acids. Chemistry 2014; 20:5439-46. [PMID: 24644066 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of type [LAuCl] (L = phosphine, phosphite, NHC and others) are widely employed in homogeneous catalysis, however, they are usually inactive as such and must be used jointly with a halide scavenger. To date, this role has mostly been entrusted to silver salts (AgSbF6 , AgPF6, AgBF4, AgOTf, etc.). However, silver salts can be the source of deactivation processes or side reactions, so it is sometimes advisable to use silver-free cationic gold complexes, which can be difficult to synthesize and to handle compared with the more robust chloride. We show in this study that various Lewis acids of the transition and main group metal families are expedient substitutes to silver salts. We have tested Cu(I), Cu(II), Zn(II), In(III), Si(IV), Bi(III), and other salts in a variety of typical Au(I)-catalyzed transformations, and the results have revealed that [LAuCl] can form active species in their presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Fang
- ICMMO (UMR CNRS 8182), LabEx CHARMMMAT, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay (France), Fax: (+33) 169-154-747
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