1
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Nguyen TP, Nguyen HD, Abe M. Development of a Two-Photon-Responsive Chromophore, 2-( p-Aminophenyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-1-(hydroxyinden-3-yl)methyl Derivative, as a Photoremovable Protecting Group. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4691-4701. [PMID: 38502935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) are powerful tools that are widely used to investigate biological events in cells. An important requirement for PPGs is the efficient release of bioactive molecules by using visible to near-infrared light in the biological window (650-1350 nm). In this study, we report a new two-photon (2P)-responsive PPG, 2-(p-aminophenyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-1-(hydroxyinden-3-yl)methyl, with a donor-π-donor cyclic stilbene structure. The 2P cross section was approximately 40-50 GM at ∼700 nm. The quantum yield of the uncaging process of caged benzoate was greater than 0.7, demonstrating that the 2P uncaging efficiency was approximately 30 GM at around 700 nm. This newly developed 2P-responsive chromophore can be used in future biological experiments. The mechanism of the photo-uncaging reaction via the carbocation intermediate was elucidated using transient absorption spectroscopy and product analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Phong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hai Dang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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2
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KASAI H. Unraveling the mysteries of dendritic spine dynamics: Five key principles shaping memory and cognition. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 99:254-305. [PMID: 37821392 PMCID: PMC10749395 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent research extends our understanding of brain processes beyond just action potentials and chemical transmissions within neural circuits, emphasizing the mechanical forces generated by excitatory synapses on dendritic spines to modulate presynaptic function. From in vivo and in vitro studies, we outline five central principles of synaptic mechanics in brain function: P1: Stability - Underpinning the integral relationship between the structure and function of the spine synapses. P2: Extrinsic dynamics - Highlighting synapse-selective structural plasticity which plays a crucial role in Hebbian associative learning, distinct from pathway-selective long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). P3: Neuromodulation - Analyzing the role of G-protein-coupled receptors, particularly dopamine receptors, in time-sensitive modulation of associative learning frameworks such as Pavlovian classical conditioning and Thorndike's reinforcement learning (RL). P4: Instability - Addressing the intrinsic dynamics crucial to memory management during continual learning, spotlighting their role in "spine dysgenesis" associated with mental disorders. P5: Mechanics - Exploring how synaptic mechanics influence both sides of synapses to establish structural traces of short- and long-term memory, thereby aiding the integration of mental functions. We also delve into the historical background and foresee impending challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo KASAI
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Nguyen LTB, Wu CL, Lin TC, Abe M. Tris(4'-Nitrobiphenyl)amine─An Octupolar Chromophore with High Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Section and Its Application for Uncaging of Calcium Ions in the Near-Infrared Region. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15888-15898. [PMID: 36356056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Compounds with high two-photon absorption (2PA) performance in the near-infrared region have attracted great attention because of their application in the material and biological science. In this study, we have developed a simple and novel octupolar chromophore, tris(4'-nitrobiphenyl)amine 1, with three nitro peripheral groups attached to a triphenylamine core via biphenyl linkers. A mono-branched analogue 2 has also been prepared to investigate the effects of octupolar and dipolar systems on photophysical and 2PA behaviors. Compound 1, despite having a much simpler structure than the previous three-branched scaffolds, exhibits comparable σ2 values, reaching 1330 GM at 730 nm and 900 GM at 820 nm in toluene. Combined with an outstanding σ2/MW ratio (2.2 GM g-1 mol) and a high fluorescence quantum yield (0.51), 1 displays potential as a promising two-photon (2P) probe for bioimaging. Subsequently, the ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid-substituted derivatives featuring octupolar (3 and 5) or dipolar (4 and 6) character have been synthesized and their one-photon (1P) and 2P photochemical reactions have been examined. Finally, 1P- and 2P-triggered uncaging of Ca2+ from these calcium chelators has been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Tran Bao Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima739-8526, Japan
| | - Cheng-Lin Wu
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City32001, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chau Lin
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City32001, Taiwan.,NCU-Covestro Research Center, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City32001, Taiwan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima739-8526, Japan.,Hiroshima University Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima739-8526, Japan
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4
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Deodato D, Asad N, Dore TM. Photoactivatable AMPA for the study of glutamatergic neuronal transmission using two-photon excitation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5589-5594. [PMID: 34086030 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a photoactivatable agonist of the AMPA subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors, TMP-CyHQ-AMPA, which was designed to study the fast excitatory transmission between neurons. Upon visible light excitation, TMP-CyHQ-AMPA quantitatively released AMPA in high quantum yield on an ultra-short timescale. Intriguingly, the photolyisis can be carried out using 2-photon excitation (2PE) with remarkable efficiency, giving a two-photon uncaging action cross section (δu) value of 1.71 GM. TMP-CyHQ-AMPA is soluble in pysiological buffer and no hydrolysis was detected in the absence of light. Molecular docking experiments indicated that the photocaging strategy abolishes the affinity of AMPA for the GluR2 receptor and no GABAergic effects (as commonly observed in caged glutamates) are expected. TMP-CyHQ-AMPA can be used to study glutamatergic neuronal transmission with exceptional spatial-temporal resolution in complex tissue preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Deodato
- New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Naeem Asad
- New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Timothy M Dore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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5
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Pham TTT, Jakkampudi S, Furukawa K, Cheng FY, Lin TC, Nakamura Y, Morioka N, Abe M. p-Nitroterphenyl units for near-infrared two-photon uncaging of calcium ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Jarosova R, Kaplan SV, Field TM, Givens RS, Senadheera SN, Johnson MA. In Situ Electrochemical Monitoring of Caged Compound Photochemistry: An Internal Actinometer for Substrate Release. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2776-2784. [PMID: 33492927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Caged compounds are molecules that release a protective substrate to free a biologically active substrate upon treatment with light of sufficient energy and duration. A notable limitation of this approach is difficulty in determining the degree of photoactivation in tissues or opaque solutions because light reaching the desired location is obstructed. Here, we have addressed this issue by developing an in situ electrochemical method in which the amount of caged molecule photorelease is determined by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Using p-hydroxyphenyl glutamate (pHP-Glu) as our model system, we generated a linear calibration curve for oxidation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4HPAA), the group from which the glutamate molecule leaves, up to a concentration of 1000 μM. Moreover, we are able to correct for the presence of residual pHP-Glu in solution as well as the light artifact that is produced. A corrected calibration curve was constructed by photoactivation of pHP-Glu in a 3 μL photoreaction vessel and subsequent analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. This approach has yielded a linear relationship between 4HPAA concentration and oxidation current, allowing the determination of released glutamate independent of the amount of light reaching the chromophore. Moreover, we have successfully validated the newly developed method by in situ measurement in a whole, intact zebrafish brain. This work demonstrates for the first time the in situ electrochemical monitoring of caged compound photochemistry in brain tissue with FSCV, thus facilitating analyses of neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Jarosova
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Charles University, Prague 2 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Sam V Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Thomas M Field
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Richard S Givens
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Sanjeewa N Senadheera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michael A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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7
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Paoletti P, Ellis-Davies GCR, Mourot A. Optical control of neuronal ion channels and receptors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 20:514-532. [PMID: 31289380 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-controllable tools provide powerful means to manipulate and interrogate brain function with relatively low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. Although optogenetic approaches permit neuronal excitation or inhibition at the network level, other technologies, such as optopharmacology (also known as photopharmacology) have emerged that provide molecular-level control by endowing light sensitivity to endogenous biomolecules. In this Review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of photocontrolling native neuronal signalling pathways, focusing on ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. We describe existing strategies for rendering receptors and channels light sensitive and provide an overview of the neuroscientific insights gained from such approaches. At the crossroads of chemistry, protein engineering and neuroscience, optopharmacology offers great potential for understanding the molecular basis of brain function and behaviour, with promises for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | | | - Alexandre Mourot
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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8
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Richers MT, Passlick S, Agarwal H, Ellis‐Davies GCR. Dendrimer Conjugation Enables Multiphoton Chemical Neurophysiology Studies with an Extended π‐Electron Caging Chromophore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Richers
- Department of NeuroscienceMount Sinai School of Medicine New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Stefan Passlick
- Department of NeuroscienceMount Sinai School of Medicine New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Hitesh Agarwal
- Department of NeuroscienceMount Sinai School of Medicine New York NY 10029 USA
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9
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Richers MT, Passlick S, Agarwal H, Ellis-Davies GCR. Dendrimer Conjugation Enables Multiphoton Chemical Neurophysiology Studies with an Extended π-Electron Caging Chromophore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12086-12090. [PMID: 31216109 PMCID: PMC6707848 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a caged neurotransmitter using an extended π-electron chromophore for efficient multiphoton uncaging on living neurons. Widely studied in a chemical context, such chromophores are inherently bioincompatible due to their highly lipophilic character. Attachment of two polycarboxylate dendrimers, a method we call "cloaking", to a bisstyrylthiophene (or BIST) core effectively transformed the chromophore into a water-soluble optical probe, whilst maintaining the high two-photon absorption of over 500 GM. Importantly, the cloaked caged compound was biologically inert at the high concentrations required for multiphoton chemical physiology. Thus, in contrast to non-cloaked BIST compounds, the BIST-caged neurotransmitter can be safely delivered onto neurons in acutely isolated brain slices, thereby enabling high-resolution two-photon uncaging without any side effects. We expect that our cloaking method will enable the development of new classes of cell-compatible photolabile probes using a wide variety of extended π-electron caging chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Richers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stefan Passlick
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hitesh Agarwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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10
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Guruge C, Rfaish SY, Byrd C, Yang S, Starrett AK, Guisbert E, Nesnas N. Caged Proline in Photoinitiated Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5236-5244. [PMID: 30908906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organocatalysis is an emerging field, in which small metal-free organic structures catalyze a diversity of reactions with a remarkable stereoselectivity. The ability to selectively switch on such pathways upon demand has proven to be a valuable tool in biological systems. Light as a trigger provides the ultimate spatial and temporal control of activation. However, there have been limited examples of phototriggered catalytic systems. Herein, we describe the synthesis and application of a caged proline system that can initiate organocatalysis upon irradiation. The caged proline was generated using the highly efficient 4-carboxy-5,7-dinitroindolinyl (CDNI) photocleavable protecting group in a four-step synthesis. Advantages of this system include water solubility, biocompatibility, high quantum yield for catalyst release, and responsiveness to two-photon excitation. We showed the light-triggered catalysis of a crossed aldol reaction, a Mannich reaction, and a self-aldol condensation reaction. We also demonstrated light-initiated catalysis, leading to the formation of a biocide in situ, which resulted in the growth inhibition of E. coli, with as little as 3 min of irradiation. This technique can be broadly applied to other systems, by which the formation of active forms of drugs can be catalytically assembled remotely via two-photon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charitha Guruge
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Saad Y Rfaish
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Chanel Byrd
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Shukun Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Anthony K Starrett
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Eric Guisbert
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Nasri Nesnas
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
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11
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Guruge C, Ouedraogo YP, Comitz RL, Ma J, Losonczy A, Nesnas N. Improved Synthesis of Caged Glutamate and Caging Each Functional Group. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2713-2721. [PMID: 29750497 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that controls numerous pathways in the brain. Neuroscientists make use of photoremovable protecting groups, also known as cages, to release glutamate with precise spatial and temporal control. Various cage designs have been developed and among the most effective has been the nitroindolinyl caging of glutamate. We, hereby, report an improved synthesis of one of the current leading molecules of caged glutamate, 4-carboxymethoxy-5,7-dinitroindolinyl glutamate (CDNI-Glu), which possesses efficiencies with the highest reported quantum yield of at least 0.5. We present the shortest route, to date, for the synthesis of CDNI-Glu in 4 steps, with a total reaction time of 40 h and an overall yield of 20%. We also caged glutamate at the other two functional groups, thereby, introducing two new cage designs: α-CDNI-Glu and N-CDNI-Glu. We included a study of their photocleavage properties using UV-vis, NMR, as well as a physiology experiment of a two-photon uncaging of CDNI-Glu in acute hippocampal brain slices. The newly introduced cage designs may have the potential to minimize the interference that CDNI-Glu has with the GABAA receptor. We are broadly disseminating this to enable neuroscientists to use these photoactivatable tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charitha Guruge
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Yannick P. Ouedraogo
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Richard L. Comitz
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Jingxuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Nasri Nesnas
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
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12
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Passlick S, Thapaliya ER, Chen Z, Richers MT, Ellis-Davies GCR. Optical probing of acetylcholine receptors on neurons in the medial habenula with a novel caged nicotine drug analogue. J Physiol 2018; 596:5307-5318. [PMID: 30222192 DOI: 10.1113/jp276615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS A new caged nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist was developed, ABT594, which is photolysed by one- and two-photon excitation. The caged compound is photolysed with a quantum yield of 0.20. One-photon uncaging of ABT594 elicited large currents and Ca2+ transients at the soma and dendrites of medial habenula (MHb) neurons of mouse brain slices. Unexpectedly, uncaging of ABT594 also revealed highly Ca2+ -permeable nAChRs on axons of MHb neurons. ABSTRACT Photochemical release of neurotransmitters has been instrumental in the study of their underlying receptors, with acetylcholine being the exception due to its inaccessibility to photochemical protection. We caged a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, ABT594, via its secondary amine functionality. Effective photolysis could be carried out using either one- or two-photon excitation. Brief flashes (0.5-3.0 ms) of 410 nm light evoked large currents and Ca2+ transients on cell bodies and dendrites of medial habenula (MHb) neurons. Unexpectedly, photorelease of ABT594 also revealed nAChR-mediated Ca2+ signals along the axons of MHb neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Passlick
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zuxin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew T Richers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Veetil AT, Chakraborty K, Xiao K, Minter MR, Sisodia SS, Krishnan Y. Cell-targetable DNA nanocapsules for spatiotemporal release of caged bioactive small molecules. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:1183-1189. [PMID: 28825714 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Achieving triggered release of small molecules with spatial and temporal precision at designated cells within an organism remains a challenge. By combining a cell-targetable, icosahedral DNA-nanocapsule loaded with photoresponsive polymers, we show cytosolic delivery of small molecules with the spatial resolution of single endosomes in specific cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our technology can report on the extent of small molecules released after photoactivation as well as pinpoint the location at which uncaging of the molecules occurred. We apply this technology to release dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a neurosteroid that promotes neurogenesis and neuron survival, and determined the timescale of neuronal activation by DHEA, using light-induced release of DHEA from targeted DNA nanocapsules. Importantly, sequestration inside the DNA capsule prevents photocaged DHEA from activating neurons prematurely. Our methodology can in principle be generalized to diverse neurostimulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh T Veetil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behaviour, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kasturi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behaviour, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kangni Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behaviour, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Myles R Minter
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behaviour, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- The Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Sangram S Sisodia
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behaviour, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- The Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute of Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behaviour, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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14
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Dunkel P, Petit M, Dhimane H, Blanchard-Desce M, Ogden D, Dalko PI. Quinoline-Derived Two-Photon-Sensitive Octupolar Probes. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:660-667. [PMID: 29046861 PMCID: PMC5641908 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic study on quinoline‐derived light sensitive probes, having third‐order rotational symmetry is presented. The electronically linked octupolar structures show considerably improved linear and nonlinear photophysical properties under one‐ and two‐photon irradiation conditions compared to the corresponding monomers. Photolysis of the three acetate derivatives shows strong structure dependency: whereas irradiation of the 6‐ and 7‐aminoquinoline derivatives resulted in fast intramolecular cyclization and only trace amounts of fragmentation products, the 8‐aminoquinoline derivative afforded clean and selective photolysis, with a sequential release of their acetate groups (δu[730]=0.67 GM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dunkel
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques Université Paris Descartes 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Morgane Petit
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques Université Paris Descartes 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Hamid Dhimane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques Université Paris Descartes 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Université de Bordeaux ISM (CNRS UMR5255) Bâtiment A12, 351, Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - David Ogden
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cérébrale Université Paris Descartes 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Peter I Dalko
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques Université Paris Descartes 45, rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
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15
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Asad N, Deodato D, Lan X, Widegren MB, Phillips DL, Du L, Dore TM. Photochemical Activation of Tertiary Amines for Applications in Studying Cell Physiology. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12591-12600. [PMID: 28806084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Representative tertiary amines were linked to the 8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolinyl (CyHQ) photoremovable protecting group (PPG) to create photoactivatable forms suitable for use in studying cell physiology. The photoactivation of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which can be used to activate Cre recombinase and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, demonstrated that highly efficient release of bioactive molecules could be achieved through one- and two-photon excitation (1PE and 2PE). CyHQ-protected anilines underwent a photoaza-Claisen rearrangement instead of releasing amines. Time-resolved spectroscopic studies revealed that photorelease of the tertiary amines was extremely fast, occurring from a singlet excited state of CyHQ on the 70 ps time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Asad
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Davide Deodato
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xin Lan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Magnus B Widegren
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy M Dore
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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16
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Combination of High-density Microelectrode Array and Patch Clamp Recordings to Enable Studies of Multisynaptic Integration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:978. [PMID: 28428560 PMCID: PMC5430511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel, all-electric approach to record and to precisely control the activity of tens of individual presynaptic neurons. The method allows for parallel mapping of the efficacy of multiple synapses and of the resulting dynamics of postsynaptic neurons in a cortical culture. For the measurements, we combine an extracellular high-density microelectrode array, featuring 11’000 electrodes for extracellular recording and stimulation, with intracellular patch-clamp recording. We are able to identify the contributions of individual presynaptic neurons - including inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs - to postsynaptic potentials, which enables us to study dendritic integration. Since the electrical stimuli can be controlled at microsecond resolution, our method enables to evoke action potentials at tens of presynaptic cells in precisely orchestrated sequences of high reliability and minimum jitter. We demonstrate the potential of this method by evoking short- and long-term synaptic plasticity through manipulation of multiple synaptic inputs to a specific neuron.
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17
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Richers MT, Amatrudo JM, Olson JP, Ellis-Davies GCR. Cloaked Caged Compounds: Chemical Probes for Two-Photon Optoneurobiology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:193-197. [PMID: 27910251 PMCID: PMC5195861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Caged neurotransmitters, in combination with focused light beams, enable precise interrogation of neuronal function, even at the level of single synapses. However, most caged transmitters are, surprisingly, severe antagonists of ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. By conjugation of a large, neutral dendrimer to a caged GABA probe we introduce a "cloaking" technology that effectively reduces such antagonism to very low levels. Such cloaked caged compounds will enable the study of the signaling of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in its natural state using two-photon uncaging microscopy for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Richers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M Amatrudo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy P Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Graham C R Ellis-Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Richers MT, Amatrudo JM, Olson JP, Ellis‐Davies GCR. Cloaked Caged Compounds: Chemical Probes for Two‐Photon Optoneurobiology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Richers
- Department of Neuroscience Mount Sinai School of Medicine One Gustave Levy Place New York NY USA
| | - Joseph M. Amatrudo
- Department of Neuroscience Mount Sinai School of Medicine One Gustave Levy Place New York NY USA
| | - Jeremy P. Olson
- Department of Neuroscience Mount Sinai School of Medicine One Gustave Levy Place New York NY USA
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19
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Kantevari S, Passlick S, Kwon HB, Richers MT, Sabatini BL, Ellis-Davies GC. Development of Anionically Decorated Caged Neurotransmitters: In Vitro Comparison of 7-Nitroindolinyl- and 2-(p-Phenyl-o-nitrophenyl)propyl-Based Photochemical Probes. Chembiochem 2016; 17:953-61. [PMID: 26929152 PMCID: PMC4870097 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter uncaging, especially that of glutamate, has been used to study synaptic function for over 30 years. One limitation of caged glutamate probes is the blockade of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor function. This problem comes to the fore when the probes are applied at the high concentrations required for effective two-photon photolysis. To mitigate such problems one could improve the photochemical properties of caging chromophores and/or remove receptor blockade. We show that addition of a dicarboxylate unit to the widely used 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl-Glu (MNI-Glu) system reduced the off-target effects by about 50-70 %. When the same strategy was applied to an electron-rich 2-(p-Phenyl-o-nitrophenyl)propyl (PNPP) caging group, the pharmacological improvements were not as significant as in the MNI case. Finally, we used very extensive biological testing of the PNPP-caged Glu (more than 250 uncaging currents at single dendritic spines) to show that nitro-biphenyl caging chromophores have two-photon uncaging efficacies similar to that of MNI-Glu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Kantevari
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stefan Passlick
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hyung-Bae Kwon
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew T. Richers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bernardo L. Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Ciuciu AI, Korzycka KA, Lewis WJM, Bennett PM, Anderson HL, Flamigni L. Model dyads for 2PA uncaging of a protecting group via photoinduced electron transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:6554-64. [PMID: 25660491 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05812g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three dyads with a fluorene derivative as an electron-donor and with electron-acceptors of variable redox potentials were synthesized as models for two-photon activated uncaging via electron transfer. A spectroscopic and photophysical study of the component units and the dyads in solvents of different polarities demonstrated an efficient electron transfer (efficiencies > 80%) followed by charge recombination in the arrays (30 ps < τ < 1.6 ns). Recombination takes place to the ground state in all cases except for the dyad displaying the highest driving force for charge recombination in the apolar solvent. The effects of changing the solvent polarity, as well as the driving force, for electron-transfer are discussed in the frame of the current theories of electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina I Ciuciu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattivita' (ISOF), CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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21
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Hayashi KI, Kusaka N, Yamasaki S, Zhao Y, Nozaki H. Development of 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI)-caged auxins which are extremely stable in planta. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4464-71. [PMID: 26364943 PMCID: PMC4683155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormone auxin is a master regulator in plant growth and development. Regulation of cellular auxin level plays a central role in plant development. Auxin polar transport system modulates an auxin gradient that determines plant developmental process in response to environmental conditions and developmental programs. Photolabile caged auxins allow optical control of artificial auxin gradients at cellular resolution. Especially, two-photon uncaging system achieves high spatiotemporal control of photolysis reaction at two-photon cross-section. However, the development of caged versions of auxin has been limited by the instability of the caged auxins to higher plant metabolic activities. Here, we describe the synthesis and application of highly stable caged auxins, 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI)-caged auxins. Natural auxin, indole 3-acetic acid, and two synthetic auxins, 1-NAA and 2,4-D were caged by MNI caging group. MNI-caged auxins showed a high stability in planta and a rapid release the original auxin when photolyzed. We demonstrated that optical control of auxin-responsive gene expression and auxin-related physiological responses by using MNI-caged auxins. We anticipate that MNI-caged auxins will be an effective tool for high-resolution control of endogenous auxin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Kusaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Soma Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, United States
| | - Hiroshi Nozaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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22
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Quantitation of various indolinyl caged glutamates as their o-phthalaldehyde derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem spectroscopic detections: Derivatization, stoichiometry and stability studies. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Bao C, Zhu L, Lin Q, Tian H. Building biomedical materials using photochemical bond cleavage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1647-62. [PMID: 25655424 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Light can be used as an external trigger to precisely determine where and when a process is initiated as well as how much of the process is being consumed. Phototriggers are a type of photoresponsive functional group that undergo an irreversible photolysis reaction by selectively breaking a chemical bond, enabling three fundamental functions: the photoactivation of fluorescent and bioactive molecules; the photocleavable degradation of macromolecular materials; and the photorelease of drugs, active groups, or surface charges from carriers and interfaces. With the expanded applications of light-controlled technology, particularly in living systems, new challenges and improvements of phototriggers are required to fulfill the demands for better sensitivity, faster kinetics, and more-demanding biomedical applications. Here, improvements to several conventional phototriggers are highlighted, and their notable, representative biomedical applications and their challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Bao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130# Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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24
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Amatrudo JM, Olson JP, Agarwal HK, Ellis-Davies GCR. Caged compounds for multichromic optical interrogation of neural systems. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 41:5-16. [PMID: 25471355 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Caged compounds are widely used by neurophysiologists to study many aspects of cellular signaling in glia and neurons. Biologically inert before irradiation, they can be loaded into cells via patch pipette or topically applied in situ to a defined concentration; photolysis releases the caged compound in a very rapid and spatially defined way. As caged compounds are exogenous optical probes, they include not only natural products such neurotransmitters, calcium and IP3 but non-natural products such as fluorophores, drugs and antibodies. In this Technical Spotlight we provide a short introduction to the uncaging technique by discussing the nitroaromatic caging chromophores most widely used in such experiments [e.g. α-carboxy-ortho-nitrobenyl (CNB), dimethoxynitrobenzyl (DMNB), 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) and 4-carboxymethoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (CDNI)]. We show that recently developed caging chromophores [rutheniumbipyridial (RuBi) and 7-diethylaminocoumarin (DEAC)450] that are photolyzed with blue light (~ 430-480 nm range) can be combined with traditional nitroaromatic caged compounds to enable two-color optical probing of neuronal function. For example, one-photon uncaging of either RuBi-GABA or DEAC450-GABA with a 473-nm laser is facile, and can block nonlinear currents (dendritic spikes or action potentials) evoked by two-photon uncaging of CDNI-Glu at 720 nm. We also show that two-photon uncaging of DEAC450-Glu and CDNI-GABA at 900 and 720 nm, respectively, can be used to fire and block action potentials. Our experiments illustrate that recently developed chromophores have taken uncaging out of the 'monochrome era', in which it has existed since 1978, so as to enable multichromic interrogation of neuronal function with single-synapse precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Amatrudo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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25
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Boinapally S, Huang B, Abe M, Katan C, Noguchi J, Watanabe S, Kasai H, Xue B, Kobayashi T. Caged glutamates with π-extended 1,2-dihydronaphthalene chromophore: design, synthesis, two-photon absorption property, and photochemical reactivity. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7822-30. [PMID: 25101898 DOI: 10.1021/jo501425p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Caging and photochemical uncaging of the excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamate (glu) offers a potentially valuable tool for understanding the mechanisms of neuronal processes. Designing water-soluble caged glutamates with the appropriate two-photon absorption property is an attractive strategy to achieve this. This paper describes the design, synthesis, and photochemical reactivity of caged glutamates with π-extended 1,2-dihydronaphthalene structures, which possess a two-photon cross-section of ∼120 GM and an excellent buffer solubility (up to 115 mM). High yields up to 99% glutamate were observed in the photolysis of two caged glutamates. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and Buchwald-Hartwig amination were used as the key reactions to synthesize the caged compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Boinapally
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI) , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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26
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Amatrudo JM, Olson JP, Lur G, Chiu CQ, Higley MJ, Ellis-Davies GCR. Wavelength-selective one- and two-photon uncaging of GABA. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:64-70. [PMID: 24304264 DOI: 10.1021/cn400185r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized photolabile 7-diethylamino coumarin (DEAC) derivatives of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These caged neurotransmitters efficiently release GABA using linear or nonlinear excitation. We used a new DEAC-based caging chromophore that has a vinyl acrylate substituent at the 3-position that shifts the absorption maximum of DEAC to about 450 nm and thus is named "DEAC450". DEAC450-caged GABA is photolyzed with a quantum yield of 0.39 and is highly soluble and stable in physiological buffer. We found that DEAC450-caged GABA is relatively inactive toward two-photon excitation at 720 nm, so when paired with a nitroaromatic caged glutamate that is efficiently excited at such wavelengths, we could photorelease glutamate and GABA around single spine heads on neurons in brain slices with excellent wavelength selectivity using two- and one-photon photolysis, respectively. Furthermore, we found that DEAC450-caged GABA could be effectively released using two-photon excitation at 900 nm with spatial resolution of about 3 μm. Taken together, our experiments show that the DEAC450 caging chromophore holds great promise for the development of new caged compounds that will enable wavelength-selective, two-color interrogation of neuronal signaling with excellent subcellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Amatrudo
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jeremy P. Olson
- Department
of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - G. Lur
- Department
of Neurobiology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration
and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Chiayu Q. Chiu
- Department
of Neurobiology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration
and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Michael J. Higley
- Department
of Neurobiology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration
and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
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27
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Sakamoto Y, Boinapally S, Katan C, Abe M. Synthesis and photochemical reactivity of caged glutamates with a π-extended coumarin chromophore as a photolabile protecting group. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Olson JP, Banghart MR, Sabatini BL, Ellis-Davies GCR. Spectral evolution of a photochemical protecting group for orthogonal two-color uncaging with visible light. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15948-54. [PMID: 24117060 DOI: 10.1021/ja408225k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caged compounds are molecules rendered functionally inert by derivatization with a photochemical protecting group. We describe the design logic behind the development of a diethylaminocoumarin (DEAC) caging chromophore, DEAC450, that absorbs blue light strongly (ε450 = 43,000 M(-1) cm(-1)) and violet light 11-fold more weakly. The absorption minimum is in the wavelength range (340-360 nm) that is traditionally used for photolysis of many widely used nitroaromatic caged compounds (e.g., 4-carboxymethoxy-5,7-dinitroindolinyl(CDNI)-GABA). We used this chromophore to synthesize DEAC450-caged cAMP and found this probe was very stable toward aqueous hydrolysis in the electronic ground state but was photolyzed with a quantum efficiency of 0.78. When DEAC450-cAMP and CDNI-GABA where co-applied to striatal cholinergic interneurons, the caged compounds were photolyzed in an chromatically orthogonal manner using blue and violet light so as to modulate the neuronal firing rate in a bidirectional way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, New York 10029, United States
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