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Benkel T, Zimmermann M, Zeiner J, Bravo S, Merten N, Lim VJY, Matthees ESF, Drube J, Miess-Tanneberg E, Malan D, Szpakowska M, Monteleone S, Grimes J, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, O'Brien S, Pavlaki N, Dobberstein N, Inoue A, Nikolaev V, Calebiro D, Chevigné A, Sasse P, Schulz S, Hoffmann C, Kolb P, Waldhoer M, Simon K, Gomeza J, Kostenis E. How Carvedilol activates β 2-adrenoceptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7109. [PMID: 36402762 PMCID: PMC9675828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol is among the most effective β-blockers for improving survival after myocardial infarction. Yet the mechanisms by which carvedilol achieves this superior clinical profile are still unclear. Beyond blockade of β1-adrenoceptors, arrestin-biased signalling via β2-adrenoceptors is a molecular mechanism proposed to explain the survival benefits. Here, we offer an alternative mechanism to rationalize carvedilol's cellular signalling. Using primary and immortalized cells genome-edited by CRISPR/Cas9 to lack either G proteins or arrestins; and combining biological, biochemical, and signalling assays with molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that G proteins drive all detectable carvedilol signalling through β2ARs. Because a clear understanding of how drugs act is imperative to data interpretation in basic and clinical research, to the stratification of clinical trials or to the monitoring of drug effects on the target pathway, the mechanistic insight gained here provides a foundation for the rational development of signalling prototypes that target the β-adrenoceptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benkel
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Julian Zeiner
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergi Bravo
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Merten
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Victor Jun Yu Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Edda Sofie Fabienne Matthees
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Drube
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Miess-Tanneberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stefania Monteleone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jak Grimes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nikoleta Pavlaki
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
- 7TM Antibodies GmbH, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Waldhoer
- InterAx Biotech AG, 5234, Villigen, Switzerland
- Ikherma Consulting Ltd, Hitchin, SG4 0TY, UK
| | - Katharina Simon
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesus Gomeza
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Kurelić R, Nikolaev VO. Generation of Transgenic Mice Expressing Cytosolic and Targeted FRET Biosensors for cAMP and cGMP. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2483:241-254. [PMID: 35286680 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2245-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mice play a significant role in modern biomedical research. In addition to mechanistic studies of a specific gene and protein function, transgenic mice are used as an exciting tool for in vivo or in situ analysis of fluorescent biosensors, which are capable of directly reporting second messenger levels and biochemical processes in real time and living cells. In this chapter, we present a detailed protocol for the generation of plasmid vectors and transgenic mice ubiquitously or constitutively expressing cytosolic and targeted Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors for the second messengers 3',5'-cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphates. These tools and techniques hold great potential for the analysis of second messenger dynamics in physiologically relevant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Kurelić
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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Beneke K, Molina CE. Live Cell Imaging of Cyclic Nucleotides in Human Cardiomyocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2483:195-204. [PMID: 35286677 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2245-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous second messengers' 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP ) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are crucial in regulating cardiomyocyte function, as well as pathological processes, by acting in distinct subcellular microdomains and thus controlling excitation-contraction coupling. Spatio-temporal intracellular dynamics of cyclic nucleotides can be measured in living cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET ) by transducing isolated cells with genetically encoded biosensors. While FRET experiments have been regularly performed in cardiomyocytes from different animal models, human-based translational experiments are very challenging due to the difficulty to culture and transduce adult human cardiomyocytes. Here, we describe a technique for obtaining human atrial and ventricular myocytes which allows to keep them alive in culture long enough to transduce them and visualize cAMP and cGMP in physiological and pathological human settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Beneke
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristina E Molina
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
- Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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Kurelic R, Krieg PF, Sonner JK, Bhaiyan G, Ramos GC, Frantz S, Friese MA, Nikolaev VO. Upregulation of Phosphodiesterase 2A Augments T Cell Activation by Changing cGMP/cAMP Cross-Talk. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:748798. [PMID: 34675812 PMCID: PMC8523859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.748798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is well-known for its diverse immunomodulatory properties, primarily inhibitory effects during T cell activation, proliferation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A decrease in cAMP levels, due to the hydrolyzing activity of phosphodiesterases (PDE), is favoring inflammatory responses. This can be prevented by selective PDE inhibitors, which makes PDEs important therapeutic targets for autoimmune disorders. In this study, we investigated the specific roles of PDE2A and PDE3B in the regulation of intracellular cAMP levels in different mouse T cell subsets. Unexpectedly, T cell receptor (TCR) activation led to a selective upregulation of PDE2A at the protein level in conventional T cells (Tcon), whereas no changes were detected in regulatory T cells (Treg). In contrast, protein expression of PDE3B was significantly higher in both non-activated and activated Tcon subsets as compared to Treg, with no changes upon TCR engagement. Live-cell imaging of T cells expressing a highly sensitive Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor, Epac1-camps, has enabled cAMP measurements in real time and revealed stronger responses to the PDE2A inhibitors in activated vs non-activated Tcon. Importantly, stimulation of intracellular cGMP levels with natriuretic peptides led to an increase of cAMP in non-activated and a decrease of cAMP in activated Tcon, suggesting that TCR activation changes the PDE3B-dependent positive to PDE2A-dependent negative cGMP/cAMP cross-talk. Functionally, this switch induced higher expression of early activation markers CD25 and CD69. This constitutes a potentially interesting feed-forward mechanism during autoimmune and inflammatory responses that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Kurelic
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paula F Krieg
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana K Sonner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gloria Bhaiyan
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo C Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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Woo MS, Ufer F, Rothammer N, Di Liberto G, Binkle L, Haferkamp U, Sonner JK, Engler JB, Hornig S, Bauer S, Wagner I, Egervari K, Raber J, Duvoisin RM, Pless O, Merkler D, Friese MA. Neuronal metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 protects against neurodegeneration in CNS inflammation. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201290. [PMID: 33661276 PMCID: PMC7938362 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with continuous neuronal loss. Treatment of clinical progression remains challenging due to lack of insights into inflammation-induced neurodegenerative pathways. Here, we show that an imbalance in the neuronal receptor interactome is driving glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons of MS patients and identify the MS risk-associated metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (GRM8) as a decisive modulator. Mechanistically, GRM8 activation counteracted neuronal cAMP accumulation, thereby directly desensitizing the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). This profoundly limited glutamate-induced calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent cell death. Notably, we found Grm8-deficient neurons to be more prone to glutamate excitotoxicity, whereas pharmacological activation of GRM8 augmented neuroprotection in mouse and human neurons as well as in a preclinical mouse model of MS. Thus, we demonstrate that GRM8 conveys neuronal resilience to CNS inflammation and is a promising neuroprotective target with broad therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel S. Woo
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Ufer
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Rothammer
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lars Binkle
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Undine Haferkamp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana K. Sonner
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Hornig
- Experimentelle Neuropädiatrie, Klinik für Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Bauer
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Robert M. Duvoisin
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Iqbal Z, Ismaili D, Dolce B, Petersen J, Reichenspurner H, Hansen A, Kirchhof P, Eschenhagen T, Nikolaev VO, Molina CE, Christ T. Regulation of basal and norepinephrine-induced cAMP and I Ca in hiPSC-cardiomyocytes: Effects of culture conditions and comparison to adult human atrial cardiomyocytes. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109970. [PMID: 33677066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ongoing interest in generating cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) to study human cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Recently we found that norepinephrine-stimulated calcium currents (ICa) in hiPSC-cardiomyocytes were smaller in conventional monolayers (ML) than in engineered heart tissue (EHT). In order to elucidate culture specific regulation of β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AR) responses we investigated whether action of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) may limit norepinephrine effects on ICa and on cytosolic cAMP in hiPSC-cardiomyocytes. Results were compared to adult human atrial cardiomyocytes. METHODS Adult human atrial cardiomyocytes were isolated from tissue samples obtained during open heart surgery. All patients were in sinus rhythm. HiPSC-cardiomyocytes were dissociated from ML and EHT. Förster-resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to monitor cytosolic cAMP (Epac1-camps sensor, transfected by adenovirus). ICa was recorded by whole-cell patch clamp technique. Cilostamide (300 nM) and rolipram (10 μM) were used to inhibit PDE3 and PDE4, respectively. β1-AR were stimulated with the physiological agonist norepinephrine (100 μM). RESULTS In adult human atrial cardiomyocytes, norepinephrine increased cytosolic cAMP FRET ratio by +13.7 ± 1.5% (n = 10/9, mean ± SEM, number of cells/number patients) and ICa by +10.4 ± 1.5 pA/pF (n = 15/10). This effect was not further increased in the concomitant presence of rolipram, cilostamide and norepinephrine, indicating saturation by norepinephrine alone. In ML hiPSC-cardiomyocytes, norepinephrine exerted smaller increases in cytosolic cAMP and ICa (FRET +9.6 ± 0.5% n = 52/21, number of cells/number of ML or EHT, and ICa + 1.4 ± 0.2 pA/pF n = 34/7, p < 0.05 each) and both were augmented in the presence of the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram (FRET +16.7 ± 0.8% n = 94/26 and ICa + 5.6 ± 1.4 pA/pF n = 11/5, p < 0.05 each). Cilostamide increased the response to norepinephrine on FRET (+12.7 ± 0.5% n = 91/19, p < 0.05), but not on ICa. In EHT hiPSC-cardiomyocytes, norepinephrine responses on both, FRET and ICa, were larger than in ML (FRET +12.1 ± 0.3% n = 87/32 and ICa + 3.3 ± 0.2 pA/pF n = 13/5, p < 0.05 each). Rolipram augmented the norepinephrine effect on ICa (+6.2 ± 1.6 pA/pF; p < 0.05 vs. norepinephrine alone, n = 10/4), but not on FRET. CONCLUSION Our results show culture-dependent differences in hiPSC-cardiomyocytes. In conventional ML but not in EHT, maximum norepinephrine effects on cytosolic cAMP depend on PDE3 and PDE4, suggesting immaturity when compared to the situation in adult human atrial cardiomyocytes. The smaller ICa responses to norepinephrine in ML and EHT vs. adult human atrial cardiomyocytes depend at least partially on a non-physiological large impact of PDE4 in hiPSC-cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Djemail Ismaili
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bernardo Dolce
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Petersen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristina E Molina
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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Pavlaki N, De Jong KA, Geertz B, Nikolaev VO, Froese A. Cardiac Hypertrophy Changes Compartmentation of cAMP in Non-Raft Membrane Microdomains. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030535. [PMID: 33802377 PMCID: PMC8001844 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
3′,5′-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger which plays critical roles in cardiac function and disease. In adult mouse ventricular myocytes (AMVMs), several distinct functionally relevant microdomains with tightly compartmentalized cAMP signaling have been described. At least two types of microdomains reside in AMVM plasma membrane which are associated with caveolin-rich raft and non-raft sarcolemma, each with distinct cAMP dynamics and their differential regulation by receptors and cAMP degrading enzymes phosphodiesterases (PDEs). However, it is still unclear how cardiac disease such as hypertrophy leading to heart failure affects cAMP signals specifically in the non-raft membrane microdomains. To answer this question, we generated a novel transgenic mouse line expressing a highly sensitive Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor E1-CAAX targeted to non-lipid raft membrane microdomains of AMVMs and subjected these mice to pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy. We could detect specific changes in PDE3-dependent compartmentation of β-adrenergic receptor induced cAMP in non-raft membrane microdomains which were clearly different from those occurring in caveolin-rich sarcolemma. This indicates differential regulation and distinct responses of these membrane microdomains to cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Pavlaki
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.P.); (K.A.D.J.); (A.F.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Kirstie A. De Jong
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.P.); (K.A.D.J.); (A.F.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Birgit Geertz
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.P.); (K.A.D.J.); (A.F.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)40-7410-51391
| | - Alexander Froese
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.P.); (K.A.D.J.); (A.F.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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8
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Mensching L, Rading S, Nikolaev V, Karsak M. Monitoring Cannabinoid CB2 -Receptor Mediated cAMP Dynamics by FRET-Based Live Cell Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217880. [PMID: 33114208 PMCID: PMC7660676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled cannabinoid CB2 receptor signaling and function is primarily mediated by its inhibitory effect on adenylate cyclase. The visualization and monitoring of agonist dependent dynamic 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling at the single cell level is still missing for CB2 receptors. This paper presents an application of a live cell imaging while using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor, Epac1-camps, for quantification of cAMP. We established HEK293 cells stably co-expressing human CB2 and Epac1-camps and quantified cAMP responses upon Forskolin pre-stimulation, followed by treatment with the CB2 ligands JWH-133, HU308, β-caryophyllene, or 2-arachidonoylglycerol. We could identify cells showing either an agonist dependent CB2-response as expected, cells displaying no response, and cells with constitutive receptor activity. In Epac1-CB2-HEK293 responder cells, the terpenoid β-caryophyllene significantly modified the cAMP response through CB2. For all of the tested ligands, a relatively high proportion of cells with constitutively active CB2 receptors was identified. Our method enabled the visualization of intracellular dynamic cAMP responses to the stimuli at single cell level, providing insights into the nature of heterologous CB2 expression systems that contributes to the understanding of Gαi-mediated G-Protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in living cells and opens up possibilities for future investigations of endogenous CB2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonore Mensching
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meliha Karsak
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.M.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Dolce B, Christ T, Grammatika Pavlidou N, Yildirim Y, Reichenspurner H, Eschenhagen T, Nikolaev VO, Kaumann AJ, Molina CE. Impact of phosphodiesterases PDE3 and PDE4 on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor4-mediated increase of cAMP in human atrial fibrillation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:291-298. [PMID: 32949251 PMCID: PMC7835186 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF)-associated remodeling includes contractile dysfunction whose reasons are only partially resolved. Serotonin (5-HT) increases contractile force and causes arrhythmias in atrial trabeculae from patients in sinus rhythm (SR). In persistent atrial fibrillation (peAF), the force responses to 5-HT are blunted and arrhythmic effects are abolished. Since force but not arrhythmic responses to 5-HT in peAF could be restored by PDE3 + PDE4 inhibition, we sought to perform real-time measurements of cAMP to understand whether peAF alters PDE3 + PDE4-mediated compartmentation of 5-HT4 receptor-cAMP responses. Isolated human atrial myocytes from patients in SR, with paroxysmal AF (paAF) or peAF, were adenovirally transduced to express the FRET-based cAMP sensor Epac1-camps. Forty-eight hours later, cAMP responses to 5-HT (100 μM) were measured in the absence or concomitant presence of the PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide (0.3 μM) and the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram (1 μM). We successfully established real-time cAMP imaging in AF myocytes. 5-HT increased cAMP in SR, paAF, and peAF, but in line with previous findings on contractility, this increase was considerably smaller in peAF than in SR or paAF. The maximal cAMP response to forskolin (10 μM) was preserved in all groups. The diminished cAMP response to 5-HT in peAF was recovered by preincubation with cilostamide + rolipram. We uncovered a significantly diminished cAMP response to 5-HT4 receptor stimulation which may explain the blunted 5-HT inotropic responses observed in peAF. Since both cAMP and force responses but not arrhythmic responses were recovered after concomitant inhibition of PDE3 + PDE4, they might be regulated in different subcellular microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Dolce
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nefeli Grammatika Pavlidou
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, W23, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yalin Yildirim
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, W23, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alberto J Kaumann
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina E Molina
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, W23, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Li X, Li J, Martinez EC, Froese A, Passariello CL, Henshaw K, Rusconi F, Li Y, Yu Q, Thakur H, Nikolaev VO, Kapiloff MS. Calcineurin Aβ-Specific Anchoring Confers Isoform-Specific Compartmentation and Function in Pathological Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy. Circulation 2020; 142:948-962. [PMID: 32611257 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin is a key regulator of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in disease. An unexplained paradox is how the β isoform of the calcineurin catalytic A-subunit (CaNAβ) is required for induction of pathological myocyte hypertrophy, despite calcineurin Aα expression in the same cells. It is unclear how the pleiotropic second messenger Ca2+ drives excitation-contraction coupling while not stimulating hypertrophy by calcineurin in the normal heart. Elucidation of the mechanisms conferring this selectivity in calcineurin signaling should reveal new strategies for targeting the phosphatase in disease. METHODS Primary adult rat ventricular myocytes were studied for morphology and intracellular signaling. New Förster resonance energy transfer reporters were used to assay Ca2+ and calcineurin activity in living cells. Conditional gene deletion and adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery in the mouse were used to study calcineurin signaling after transverse aortic constriction in vivo. RESULTS CIP4 (Cdc42-interacting protein 4)/TRIP10 (thyroid hormone receptor interactor 10) was identified as a new polyproline domain-dependent scaffold for CaNAβ2 by yeast 2-hybrid screen. Cardiac myocyte-specific CIP4 gene deletion in mice attenuated pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Blockade of CaNAβ polyproline-dependent anchoring using a competing peptide inhibited concentric hypertrophy in cultured myocytes; disruption of anchoring in vivo using an adeno-associated virus gene therapy vector inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and improved systolic function after pressure overload. Live cell Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor imaging of cultured myocytes revealed that Ca2+ levels and calcineurin activity associated with the CIP4 compartment were increased by neurohormonal stimulation, but minimally by pacing. Conversely, Ca2+ levels and calcineurin activity detected by nonlocalized Förster resonance energy transfer sensors were induced by pacing and minimally by neurohormonal stimulation, providing functional evidence for differential intracellular compartmentation of Ca2+ and calcineurin signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS These results support a structural model for Ca2+ and CaNAβ compartmentation in cells based on an isoform-specific mechanism for calcineurin protein-protein interaction and localization. This mechanism provides an explanation for the specific role of CaNAβ in hypertrophy and its selective activation under conditions of pathologic stress. Disruption of CaNAβ polyproline-dependent anchoring constitutes a rational strategy for therapeutic targeting of CaNAβ-specific signaling responsible for pathological cardiac remodeling in cardiovascular disease deserving of further preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Jinliang Li
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.).,Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Eliana C Martinez
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Alexander Froese
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.F., V.O.N.)
| | - Catherine L Passariello
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Kathryn Henshaw
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Francesca Rusconi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Yang Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Qian Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Hrishikesh Thakur
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.).,Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.F., V.O.N.)
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.).,Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
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11
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Kaschubowski KE, Kraft AE, Nikolaev VO, Haag F. Using FRET-Based Fluorescent Sensors to Monitor Cytosolic and Membrane-Proximal Extracellular ATP Levels. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2041:223-231. [PMID: 31646492 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9717-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of local concentrations of extracellular ATP (eATP) at the site of receptor binding remains a challenge in the field of purinergic signaling. In many cases, biosensors exploiting the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) have provided useful tools to visualize local concentrations of metabolites. A series of FRET-based biosensors based on the epsilon subunits of bacterial ATP synthases have been described for the visualisation of ATP. These sensors carry ATP-sensing units with different affinities for ATP, permitting imaging of ATP under the widely different concentration conditions found in subcellular locations such as the cytoplasm and the membrane-proximal extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus E Kaschubowski
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel E Kraft
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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A Software Tool for High-Throughput Real-Time Measurement of Intensity-Based Ratio-Metric FRET. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121541. [PMID: 31795419 PMCID: PMC6952787 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is increasingly used for non-invasive measurement of fluorescently tagged molecules in live cells. In this study, we have developed a freely available software tool MultiFRET, which, together with the use of a motorised microscope stage, allows multiple single cells to be studied in one experiment. MultiFRET is a Java plugin for Micro-Manager software, which provides real-time calculations of ratio-metric signals during acquisition and can simultaneously record from multiple cells in the same experiment. It can also make other custom-determined live calculations that can be easily exported to Excel at the end of the experiment. It is flexible and can work with multiple spectral acquisition channels. We validated this software by comparing the output of MultiFRET to that of a previously established and well-documented method for live ratio-metric FRET experiments and found no significant difference between the data produced with the use of the new MultiFRET and other methods. In this validation, we used several cAMP FRET sensors and cell models: i) isolated adult cardiomyocytes from transgenic mice expressing the cytosolic epac1-camps and targeted pmEpac1 and Epac1-PLN sensors, ii) isolated neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes transfected with the AKAP79-CUTie sensor, and iii) human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) transfected with the Epac-SH74 sensor. The MultiFRET plugin is an open source freely available package that can be used in a wide area of live cell imaging when live ratio-metric calculations are required.
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13
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Protein kinase/phosphatase balance mediates the effects of increased late sodium current on ventricular calcium cycling. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Jungen C, Scherschel K, Bork NI, Kuklik P, Eickholt C, Kniep H, Klatt N, Willems S, Nikolaev VO, Meyer C. Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29889210 DOI: 10.3791/57617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its invention in the late 19th century, the Langendorff ex vivo heart perfusion system continues to be a relevant tool for studying a broad spectrum of physiological, biochemical, morphological, and pharmacological parameters in centrally denervated hearts. Here, we describe a setup for the modulation of the intracardiac autonomic nervous system and the assessment of its influence on basic electrophysiology, arrhythmogenesis, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) dynamics. The intracardiac autonomic nervous system is modulated by the mechanical dissection of atrial fat pads-in which murine ganglia are located mainly-or by the usage of global as well as targeted pharmacological interventions. An octapolar electrophysiological catheter is introduced into the right atrium and the right ventricle, and epicardial-placed multi-electrode arrays (MEA) for high-resolution mapping are used to determine cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging is performed for the real-time monitoring of cAMP levels in different cardiac regions. Neuromorphology is studied by means of antibody-based staining of whole hearts using neuronal markers to guide the identification and modulation of specific targets of the intracardiac autonomic nervous system in the performed studies. The ex vivo Langendorff setup allows for a high number of reproducible experiments in a short time. Nevertheless, the partly open nature of the setup (e.g., during MEA measurements) makes constant temperature control difficult and should be kept to a minimum. This described method makes it possible to analyze and modulate the intracardiac autonomic nervous system in decentralized hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jungen
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP (cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group), University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Katharina Scherschel
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP (cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group), University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Nadja I Bork
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Pawel Kuklik
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP (cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group), University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Christian Eickholt
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP (cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group), University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Helge Kniep
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP (cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group), University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Niklas Klatt
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP (cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group), University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Stephan Willems
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP (cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group), University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Christian Meyer
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, cNEP (cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology research group), University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research);
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15
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Abstract
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) microscopy is a useful tool in molecular biology and medical research to monitor and quantify real-time dynamics of protein-protein interactions and biochemical processes. Using this well-established technique, many novel signaling mechanisms can be investigated in intact cells or tissues and even in various subcellular compartments. Here, we describe how to perform FRET measurements in living cells expressing FRET-based biosensors and how to evaluate these data. This general protocol can be applied for FRET measurements with various fluorescent biosensors.
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