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Bahr JC, Li XY, Feinberg TY, Jiang L, Weiss SJ. Divergent regulation of basement membrane trafficking by human macrophages and cancer cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6409. [PMID: 36302921 PMCID: PMC9613642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and cancer cells populations are posited to navigate basement membrane barriers by either mobilizing proteolytic enzymes or deploying mechanical forces. Nevertheless, the relative roles, or identity, of the proteinase -dependent or -independent mechanisms used by macrophages versus cancer cells to transmigrate basement membrane barriers harboring physiologically-relevant covalent crosslinks remains ill-defined. Herein, both macrophages and cancer cells are shown to mobilize membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinases to proteolytically remodel native basement membranes isolated from murine tissues while infiltrating the underlying interstitial matrix ex vivo. In the absence of proteolytic activity, however, only macrophages deploy actomyosin-generated forces to transmigrate basement membrane pores, thereby providing the cells with proteinase-independent access to the interstitial matrix while simultaneously exerting global effects on the macrophage transcriptome. By contrast, cancer cell invasive activity is reliant on metalloproteinase activity and neither mechanical force nor changes in nuclear rigidity rescue basement membrane transmigration. These studies identify membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinases as key proteolytic effectors of basement membrane remodeling by macrophages and cancer cells while also defining the divergent invasive strategies used by normal and neoplastic cells to traverse native tissue barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Bahr
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tamar Y Feinberg
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Long Jiang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Intravital Optical Imaging to Monitor Anti-Tumor Immunological Response in Preclinical Models. Bioanalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78338-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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3
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Card C, Wilson DS, Hirosue S, Rincon-Restrepo M, de Titta A, Güç E, Martin C, Bain O, Swartz MA, Kilarski WW. Adjuvant-free immunization with infective filarial larvae as lymphatic homing antigen carriers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1055. [PMID: 31974398 PMCID: PMC6978462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled infection with intestinal nematodes has therapeutic potential for preventing the symptoms of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Here, we engineered larvae of the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis as a vaccine strategy to induce adaptive immunity against a foreign, crosslinked protein, chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA), in the absence of an external adjuvant. The acylation of filarial proteins with fluorescent probes or biotin was not immediately detrimental to larval movement and survival, which died 3 to 5 days later. At least some of the labeled and skin-inoculated filariae migrated through lymphatic vessels to draining lymph nodes. The immunization potential of OVA-biotin-filariae was compared to that of an OVA-bound nanoparticulate carrier co-delivered with a CpG adjuvant in a typical vaccination scheme. Production of IFNγ and TNFα by restimulated CD4+ cells but not CD8+ confirmed the specific ability of filariae to stimulate CD4+ T cells. This alternative method of immunization exploits the intrinsic adjuvancy of the attenuated nematode carrier and has the potential to shift the vaccination immune response towards cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Card
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David S Wilson
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Rincon-Restrepo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre de Titta
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Esra Güç
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Martin
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Odile Bain
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Witold W Kilarski
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Kilarski WW, Martin C, Pisano M, Bain O, Babayan SA, Swartz MA. Inherent biomechanical traits enable infective filariae to disseminate through collecting lymphatic vessels. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2895. [PMID: 31263185 PMCID: PMC6603047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filariases are diseases caused by arthropod-borne filaria nematodes. The related pathologies depend on the location of the infective larvae when their migration, the asymptomatic and least studied phase of the disease, comes to an end. To determine factors assisting in filariae dissemination, we image Litomosoides sigmodontis infective larvae during their escape from the skin. Burrowing through the dermis filariae exclusively enter pre-collecting lymphatics by mechanical disruption of their wall. Once inside collectors, their rapid and unidirectional movement towards the lymph node is supported by the morphology of lymphatic valves. In a microfluidic maze mimicking lymphatic vessels, filariae follow the direction of the flow, the first biomechanical factor capable of helminth guidance within the host. Finally, non-infective nematodes that rely on universal morpho-physiological cues alone also migrate through the dermis, and break in lymphatics, indicating that the ability to spread by the lymphatic route is an ancestral trait rather than acquired parasitic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold W Kilarski
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Coralie Martin
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marco Pisano
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Odile Bain
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Simon A Babayan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Potez M, Trappetti V, Bouchet A, Fernandez-Palomo C, Güç E, Kilarski WW, Hlushchuk R, Laissue J, Djonov V. Characterization of a B16-F10 melanoma model locally implanted into the ear pinnae of C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206693. [PMID: 30395629 PMCID: PMC6218054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The common experimental use of B16-F10 melanoma cells focuses on exploring their metastatic potential following intravenous injection into mice. In this study, B16-F10 cells are used to develop a primary tumor model by implanting them directly into the ears of C57BL/6J mice. The model represents a reproducible and easily traceable tool for local tumor growth and for making additional in vivo observations, due to the localization of the tumors. This model is relatively simple and involves (i) surgical opening of the ear skin, (ii) removal of a square-piece of cartilage followed by (iii) the implantation of tumor cells with fibrin gel. The remodeling of the fibrin gel within the cartilage chamber, accompanying tumor proliferation, results in the formation of blood vessels, lymphatics and tissue matrix that can be readily distinguished from the pre-existing skin structures. Moreover, this method avoids the injection-enforced artificial spread of cells into the pre-existing lymphatic vessels. The tumors have a highly reproducible exponential growth pattern with a tumor doubling time of around 1.8 days, reaching an average volume of 85mm3 16 days after implantation. The melanomas are densely cellular with proliferative indices of between 60 and 80%. The induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis resulted in the development of well-vascularized tumors. Different populations of immunologically active cells were also present in the tumor; the population of macrophages decreases with time while the population of T cells remained quasi constant. The B16-F10 tumors in the ear frequently metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes, reaching an incidence of 75% by day 16. This newly introduced B16-F10 melanoma model in the ear is a powerful tool that provides a new opportunity to study the local tumor growth and metastasis, the associated angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and tumor immune responses. It could potentially be used to test different treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Potez
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Audrey Bouchet
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Esra Güç
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Witold W. Kilarski
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean Laissue
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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6
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Kilarski WW. Physiological Perspective on Therapies of Lymphatic Vessels. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018; 7:189-208. [PMID: 29984111 PMCID: PMC6032671 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Growth of distinctive blood vessels of granulation tissue is a central step in the post-developmental tissue remodeling. Even though lymphangiogenesis is a part of the regeneration process, the significance of the controlled restoration of lymphatic vessels has only recently been recognized. Recent Advances: Identification of lymphatic markers and growth factors paved the way for the exploration of the roles of lymphatic vessels in health and disease. Emerging pro-lymphangiogenic therapies use vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C to combat fluid retention disorders such as lymphedema and to enhance the local healing process. Critical Issues: The relevance of recently identified lymphatic functions awaits verification by their association with pathologic conditions. Further, despite a century of research, the complete etiology of secondary lymphedema, a fluid retention disorder directly linked to the lymphatic function, is not understood. Finally, the specificity of pro-lymphangiogenic therapy depends on VEGF-C transfection efficiency, dose exposure, and the age of the subject, factors that are difficult to standardize in a heterogeneous human population. Future Directions: Further research should reveal the role of lymphatic circulation in internal organs and connect its impairment with human diseases. Pro-lymphangiogenic therapies that aim at the acceleration of tissue healing should focus on the controlled administration of VEGF-C to increase their capillary specificity, whereas regeneration of collecting vessels might benefit from balanced maturation and differentiation of pre-existing lymphatics. Unique features of pre-nodal lymphatics, fault tolerance and functional hyperplasia of capillaries, may find applications outreaching traditional pro-lymphangiogenic therapies, such as immunomodulation or enhancement of subcutaneous grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold W. Kilarski
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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7
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Malandrino A, Mak M, Kamm RD, Moeendarbary E. Complex mechanics of the heterogeneous extracellular matrix in cancer. EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS 2018; 21:25-34. [PMID: 30135864 PMCID: PMC6097546 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) performs many critical functions, one of which is to provide structural and mechanical integrity, and many of the constituent proteins have clear mechanical roles. The composition and structural characteristics of the ECM are widely variable among different tissues, suiting diverse functional needs. In diseased tissues, particularly solid tumors, the ECM is complex and influences disease progression. Cancer and stromal cells can significantly influence the matrix composition and structure and thus the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we describe the interactions that give rise to the structural heterogeneity of the ECM and present the techniques that are widely employed to measure ECM properties and remodeling dynamics. Furthermore, we review the tools for measuring the distinct nature of cell-ECM interactions within the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Malandrino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Kilarski WW, Güç E, Swartz MA. Dorsal Ear Skin Window for Intravital Imaging and Functional Analysis of Lymphangiogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1846:261-277. [PMID: 30242765 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8712-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Postdevelopmental lymphangiogenesis occurs in chronic inflammation and wound healing, and here we describe a window preparation in the mouse ear in which lymphangiogenesis can be observed and manipulated. This model has many advantages, including access for intravital immunostaining and imaging to assess morphological features and regeneration kinetics, as well as functional assays such as lymphatic clearance. We describe five procedures: (1) the creation of a collagen-fibrin-filled window in the mouse ear as a model for regenerative lymphangiogenesis, (2) intravital immunostaining for live analysis of morphology and structure, (3) lymphatic clearance assay for functional quantification, (4) whole-mount imaging with tissue clearing for confocal imaging, and (5) postmortem lymphangiography. These procedures allow for identification of morphological and functional abnormalities in both preexisting and newly formed lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold W Kilarski
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Esra Güç
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Scotland, IL, USA
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Scotland, IL, USA
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9
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Cook CD, Hill AS, Guo M, Stockdale L, Papps JP, Isaacson KB, Lauffenburger DA, Griffith LG. Local remodeling of synthetic extracellular matrix microenvironments by co-cultured endometrial epithelial and stromal cells enables long-term dynamic physiological function. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:271-289. [PMID: 28317948 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00245e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal barrier tissues, comprising a layer of tightly-bonded epithelial cells in intimate molecular communication with an underlying matrix-rich stroma containing fibroblasts and immune cells, are prominent targets for drugs against infection, chronic inflammation, and other disease processes. Although human in vitro models of such barriers are needed for mechanistic studies and drug development, differences in extracellular matrix (ECM) needs of epithelial and stromal cells hinder efforts to create such models. Here, using the endometrium as an example mucosal barrier, we describe a synthetic, modular ECM hydrogel suitable for 3D functional co-culture, featuring components that can be remodeled by cells and that respond dynamically to sequester local cell-secreted ECM characteristic of each cell type. The synthetic hydrogel combines peptides with off-the-shelf reagents and is thus accessible to cell biology labs. Specifically, we first identified a single peptide as suitable for initial attachment of both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells using a 2D semi-empirical screen. Then, using a co-culture system of epithelial cells cultured on top of gel-encapsulated stromal cells, we show that inclusion of ECM-binding peptides in the hydrogel, along with the integrin-binding peptide, leads to enhanced accumulation of basement membrane beneath the epithelial layer and more fibrillar collagen matrix assembly by stromal cells over two weeks in culture. Importantly, endometrial co-cultures composed of either cell lines or primary cells displayed hormone-mediated differentiation as assessed by morphological changes and secretory protein production. A multiplex analysis of apical cytokine and growth factor secretion comparing cell lines and primary cells revealed strikingly different patterns, underscoring the importance of using primary cell models in analysis of cell-cell communication networks. In summary, we define a "one-size-fits-all" synthetic ECM that enables long-term, physiologically responsive co-cultures of epithelial and stromal cells in a mucosal barrier format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi D Cook
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Rougon G, Brasselet S, Debarbieux F. Advances in Intravital Non-Linear Optical Imaging of the Central Nervous System in Rodents. Brain Plast 2016; 2:31-48. [PMID: 29765847 PMCID: PMC5928564 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-160028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review: Highly coordinated cellular interactions occur in the healthy or pathologic adult rodent central nervous system (CNS). Until recently, technical challenges have restricted the analysis of these events to largely static modes of study such as immuno-fluorescence and electron microscopy on fixed tissues. The development of intravital imaging with subcellular resolution is required to probe the dynamics of these events in their natural context, the living brain. Recent findings: This review focuses on the recently developed live non-linear optical imaging modalities, the core principles involved, the identified technical challenges that limit their use and the scope of their applications. We highlight some practical applications for these modalities with a specific attention given to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS characterized by the formation of disseminated demyelinating lesions accompanied by axonal degeneration. Summary: We conclude that label-free nonlinear optical imaging combined to two photon imaging will continue to contribute richly to comprehend brain function and pathogenesis and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Rougon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, UMR 7249, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Debarbieux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Marseille, France
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Label-Free Imaging of Umbilical Cord Tissue Morphology and Explant-Derived Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5457132. [PMID: 27746820 PMCID: PMC5056264 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5457132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ detection of MSCs remains difficult and warrants additional methods to aid with their characterization in vivo. Two-photon confocal laser scanning microscopy (TPM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) could fill this gap. Both techniques enable the detection of cells and extracellular structures, based on intrinsic properties of the specific tissue and intracellular molecules under optical irradiation. TPM imaging and SHG imaging have been used for label-free monitoring of stem cells differentiation, assessment of their behavior in biocompatible scaffolds, and even cell tracking in vivo. In this study, we show that TPM and SHG can accurately depict the umbilical cord architecture and visualize individual cells both in situ and during culture initiation, without the use of exogenously applied labels. In combination with nuclear DNA staining, we observed a variance in fluorescent intensity in the vessel walls. In addition, antibody staining showed differences in Oct4, αSMA, vimentin, and ALDH1A1 expression in situ, indicating functional differences among the umbilical cord cell populations. In future research, marker-free imaging can be of great added value to the current antigen-based staining methods for describing tissue structures and for the identification of progenitor cells in their tissue of origin.
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Marques PE, Oliveira AG, Chang L, Paula-Neto HA, Menezes GB. Understanding liver immunology using intravital microscopy. J Hepatol 2015; 63:733-42. [PMID: 26055800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The liver has come a long way since it was considered only a metabolic organ attached to the gastrointestinal tract. The simultaneous ascension of immunology and intravital microscopy evidenced the liver as a central axis in the immune system, controlling immune responses to local and systemic agents as well as disease tolerance. The multiple hepatic cell populations are organized in a vascular environment that promotes intimate cellular interactions, including initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses, rapid leukocyte recruitment, pathogen clearance and production of a variety of immune mediators. In this review, we focus on the advances in liver immunology supported by intravital microscopy in diseases such as isquemia/reperfusion, acute liver injury and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratório de Imunobiofotônica, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunobiofotônica, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Heitor Affonso Paula-Neto
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Laboratório de Imunobiofotônica, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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