1
|
Catrouillet C, Hirosue S, Manetti N, Boureau V, Peña J. Coupled As and Mn Redox Transformations in an Fe(0) Electrocoagulation System: Competition for Reactive Oxidants and Sorption Sites. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:7165-7174. [PMID: 32364715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron electrocoagulation (EC) can be used for the decentralized treatment of arsenic(As)-contaminated groundwater. Iron EC involves the electrolytic dissolution of an Fe(0) electrode to Fe(II). This process produces reactive oxidants, which oxidize As(III) and Fe(II) to As(V) and a range of Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxide phases. Here, we investigated the impact of manganese (Mn) on As removal, since the two often co-occur in groundwater. In the absence of Mn(II), we observed rapid As(III) oxidation and the formation of As(V)-Fe(III) polymers. Arsenic removal was achieved upon aggregation of the As(V)-Fe(III) polymers. In the presence of Mn, the mechanism of As removal varied with pH. At pH 4.5, As(III) was oxidized rapidly by OH• and the aggregation of the resulting As(V)-Fe(III) polymers was enhanced by the presence of Mn. At pH 8.5, As(III) and Mn(II) competed for Fe(IV), which led As(III) to persist in solution. The As(V) that did form was incorporated into a mixture of As(V)-Fe(III) polymers and a ferrihydrite-like phase that incorporated 8% Mn(III); some As(III) was also sorbed by these phases. At intermediate pH values, As(III) and Mn(II) also competed for the oxidants, but Mn(III) behaved as a reactive intermediate that reacted with Fe(II) or As(III). This result can explain the presence of As(V) in the solid phase. This detailed understanding of the As removal mechanisms in the presence of Mn can be used to tune the operating conditions of Fe EC for As removal under typical groundwater conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Catrouillet
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Manetti
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Victor Boureau
- Interdisciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jasquelin Peña
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vokali E, Yu SS, Hirosue S, Rinçon-Restrepo M, V Duraes F, Scherer S, Corthésy-Henrioud P, Kilarski WW, Mondino A, Zehn D, Hugues S, Swartz MA. Lymphatic endothelial cells prime naïve CD8 + T cells into memory cells under steady-state conditions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 31988323 PMCID: PMC6985113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) chemoattract naïve T cells and promote their survival in the lymph nodes, and can cross-present antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells to drive their proliferation despite lacking key costimulatory molecules. However, the functional consequence of LEC priming of CD8+ T cells is unknown. Here, we show that while many proliferating LEC-educated T cells enter early apoptosis, the remainders comprise a long-lived memory subset, with transcriptional, metabolic, and phenotypic features of central memory and stem cell-like memory T cells. In vivo, these memory cells preferentially home to lymph nodes and display rapid proliferation and effector differentiation following memory recall, and can protect mice against a subsequent bacterial infection. These findings introduce a new immunomodulatory role for LECs in directly generating a memory-like subset of quiescent yet antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells that are long-lived and can rapidly differentiate into effector cells upon inflammatory antigenic challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Vokali
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shann S Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Rinçon-Restrepo
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda V Duraes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Witold W Kilarski
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Card C, Wilson DS, Hirosue S, Rincon-Restrepo M, de Titta A, Güç E, Martin C, Bain O, Swartz MA, Kilarski WW. Adjuvant-free immunization with infective filarial larvae as lymphatic homing antigen carriers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1055. [PMID: 31974398 PMCID: PMC6978462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled infection with intestinal nematodes has therapeutic potential for preventing the symptoms of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Here, we engineered larvae of the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis as a vaccine strategy to induce adaptive immunity against a foreign, crosslinked protein, chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA), in the absence of an external adjuvant. The acylation of filarial proteins with fluorescent probes or biotin was not immediately detrimental to larval movement and survival, which died 3 to 5 days later. At least some of the labeled and skin-inoculated filariae migrated through lymphatic vessels to draining lymph nodes. The immunization potential of OVA-biotin-filariae was compared to that of an OVA-bound nanoparticulate carrier co-delivered with a CpG adjuvant in a typical vaccination scheme. Production of IFNγ and TNFα by restimulated CD4+ cells but not CD8+ confirmed the specific ability of filariae to stimulate CD4+ T cells. This alternative method of immunization exploits the intrinsic adjuvancy of the attenuated nematode carrier and has the potential to shift the vaccination immune response towards cellular immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Card
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David S Wilson
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Rincon-Restrepo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre de Titta
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Esra Güç
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Martin
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Odile Bain
- UMR7245, MCAM, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Witold W Kilarski
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilson DS, Damo M, Hirosue S, Raczy MM, Brünggel K, Diaceri G, Quaglia-Thermes X, Hubbell JA. Synthetically glycosylated antigens induce antigen-specific tolerance and prevent the onset of diabetes. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:817-829. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
5
|
Wilson DS, Hirosue S, Raczy MM, Bonilla-Ramirez L, Jeanbart L, Wang R, Kwissa M, Franetich JF, Broggi MAS, Diaceri G, Quaglia-Thermes X, Mazier D, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA. Antigens reversibly conjugated to a polymeric glyco-adjuvant induce protective humoral and cellular immunity. Nat Mater 2019; 18:175-185. [PMID: 30643235 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fully effective vaccines for complex infections must elicit a diverse repertoire of antibodies (humoral immunity) and CD8+ T-cell responses (cellular immunity). Here, we present a synthetic glyco-adjuvant named p(Man-TLR7), which, when conjugated to antigens, elicits robust humoral and cellular immunity. p(Man-TLR7) is a random copolymer composed of monomers that either target dendritic cells (DCs) via mannose-binding receptors or activate DCs via Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Protein antigens are conjugated to p(Man-TLR7) via a self-immolative linkage that releases chemically unmodified antigen after endocytosis, thus amplifying antigen presentation to T cells. Studies with ovalbumin (OVA)-p(Man-TLR7) conjugates demonstrate that OVA-p(Man-TLR7) generates greater humoral and cellular immunity than OVA conjugated to polymers lacking either mannose targeting or TLR7 ligand. We show significant enhancement of Plasmodium falciparum-derived circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific T-cell responses, expansion in the breadth of the αCSP IgG response and increased inhibition of sporozoite invasion into hepatocytes with CSP-p(Man-TLR7) when compared with CSP formulated with MPLA/QS-21-loaded liposomes-the adjuvant used in the most clinically advanced malaria vaccine. We conclude that our antigen-p(Man-TLR7) platform offers a strategy to enhance the immunogenicity of protein subunit vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Scott Wilson
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Science and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Science and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal M Raczy
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Science and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leonardo Bonilla-Ramirez
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France
| | - Laura Jeanbart
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Science and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruyi Wang
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marcin Kwissa
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Franetich
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France
| | - Maria A S Broggi
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Science and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Giacomo Diaceri
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Science and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Quaglia-Thermes
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Science and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Science and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Science and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Galan-Navarro C, Rincon-Restrepo M, Zimmer G, Ollmann Saphire E, Hubbell JA, Hirosue S, Swartz MA, Kunz S. Oxidation-sensitive polymersomes as vaccine nanocarriers enhance humoral responses against Lassa virus envelope glycoprotein. Virology 2017; 512:161-171. [PMID: 28963882 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality, yet no vaccine currently exists. Antibodies targeting viral attachment proteins are crucial for protection against many viral infections. However, the envelope glycoprotein (GP)-1 of LASV elicits weak antibody responses due to extensive glycan shielding. Here, we explored a novel vaccine strategy to enhance humoral immunity against LASV GP1. Using structural information, we designed a recombinant GP1 immunogen, and then encapsulated it into oxidation-sensitive polymersomes (PS) as nanocarriers that promote intracellular MHCII loading. Mice immunized with adjuvanted PS (LASV GP1) showed superior humoral responses than free LASV GP1, including antibodies with higher binding affinity to virion GP1, increased levels of polyfunctional anti-viral CD4 T cells, and IgG-secreting B cells. PS (LASV GP1) elicited a more diverse epitope repertoire of anti-viral IgG. Together, these data demonstrate the potential of our nanocarrier vaccine platform for generating virus-specific antibodies against weakly immunogenic viral antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Galan-Navarro
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital. Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Lymphatic and Cancer Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Féderal de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Rincon-Restrepo
- Laboratory of Lymphatic and Cancer Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Féderal de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Laboratory of Lymphatic and Cancer Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Féderal de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering and Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Laboratory of Lymphatic and Cancer Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Féderal de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Laboratory of Lymphatic and Cancer Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Féderal de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering and Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Stefan Kunz
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital. Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rincon-Restrepo M, Mayer A, Hauert S, Bonner DK, Phelps EA, Hubbell JA, Swartz MA, Hirosue S. Vaccine nanocarriers: Coupling intracellular pathways and cellular biodistribution to control CD4 vs CD8 T cell responses. Biomaterials 2017; 132:48-58. [PMID: 28407494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery systems are known to enhance the immune response to soluble antigens (Ags) and are thus a promising tool for the development of new vaccines. Our laboratory has engineered two different nanoparticulate systems in which Ag is either encapsulated within the core of polymersomes (PSs) or decorated onto the surface of nanoparticles (NPs). Previous studies showed that PSs are better at enhancing CD4 T cells and antibody titers, while NPs preferentially augment cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Herein, we demonstrate that the differential activation of T cell immunity reflects differences in the modes of intracellular trafficking and distinct biodistribution of the Ag in lymphoid organs, which are both driven by the properties of each nanocarrier. Furthermore, we found that Ags within PSs promoted better CD4 T cell activation and induced a higher frequency of CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. These differences correlated with changes in the frequency of germinal center B cells and plasma cell formation, which reflects the previously observed antibody titers. Our results show that PSs are a promising vector for the delivery of Ags for B cell vaccine development. This study demonstrates that nanocarrier design has a large impact on the quality of the induced adaptive immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rincon-Restrepo
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Mayer
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Hauert
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel K Bonner
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward A Phelps
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dowling DJ, Scott EA, Scheid A, Bergelson I, Joshi S, Pietrasanta C, Brightman S, Sanchez-Schmitz G, Van Haren SD, Ninković J, Kats D, Guiducci C, de Titta A, Bonner DK, Hirosue S, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA, Levy O. Toll-like receptor 8 agonist nanoparticles mimic immunomodulating effects of the live BCG vaccine and enhance neonatal innate and adaptive immune responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1339-1350. [PMID: 28343701 PMCID: PMC5667586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Newborns display distinct immune responses, leaving them vulnerable to infections and impairing immunization. Targeting newborn dendritic cells (DCs), which integrate vaccine signals into adaptive immune responses, might enable development of age-specific vaccine formulations to overcome suboptimal immunization. Objective Small-molecule imidazoquinoline Toll-like receptor (TLR) 8 agonists robustly activate newborn DCs but can result in reactogenicity when delivered in soluble form. We used rational engineering and age- and species-specific modeling to construct and characterize polymer nanocarriers encapsulating a TLR8 agonist, allowing direct intracellular release after selective uptake by DCs. Methods Chemically similar but morphologically distinct nanocarriers comprised of amphiphilic block copolymers were engineered for targeted uptake by murine DCs in vivo, and a range of TLR8 agonist–encapsulating polymersome formulations were then synthesized. Novel 96-well in vitro assays using neonatal human monocyte-derived DCs and humanized TLR8 mouse bone marrow–derived DCs enabled benchmarking of the TLR8 agonist–encapsulating polymersome formulations against conventional adjuvants and licensed vaccines, including live attenuated BCG vaccine. Immunogenicity of the TLR8 agonist adjuvanted antigen 85B (Ag85B)/peptide 25–loaded BCG-mimicking nanoparticle formulation was evaluated in vivo by using humanized TLR8 neonatal mice. Results Although alum-adjuvanted vaccines induced modest costimulatory molecule expression, limited TH-polarizing cytokine production, and significant cell death, BCG induced a robust adult-like maturation profile of neonatal DCs. Remarkably, TLR8 agonist polymersomes induced not only newborn DC maturation profiles similar to those induced by BCG but also stronger IL-12p70 production. On subcutaneous injection to neonatal mice, the TLR8 agonist–adjuvanted Ag85B peptide 25 formulation was comparable with BCG in inducing Ag85B-specific CD4+ T-cell numbers. Conclusion TLR8 agonist–encapsulating polymersomes hold substantial potential for early-life immunization against intracellular pathogens. Overall, our study represents a novel approach for rational design of early-life vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Dowling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.
| | - Annette Scheid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Newborn Medicine, Floating Hospital for Children, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Mass; Precision Vaccine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Ilana Bergelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Sweta Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Precision Vaccine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Carlo Pietrasanta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Precision Vaccine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Spencer Brightman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Precision Vaccine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Precision Vaccine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Simon D Van Haren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Precision Vaccine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Jana Ninković
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Dina Kats
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill
| | | | - Alexandre de Titta
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel K Bonner
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ofer Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Precision Vaccine Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cianciaruso C, Phelps EA, Pasquier M, Hamelin R, Demurtas D, Alibashe Ahmed M, Piemonti L, Hirosue S, Swartz MA, De Palma M, Hubbell JA, Baekkeskov S. Primary Human and Rat β-Cells Release the Intracellular Autoantigens GAD65, IA-2, and Proinsulin in Exosomes Together With Cytokine-Induced Enhancers of Immunity. Diabetes 2017; 66:460-473. [PMID: 27872147 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The target autoantigens in several organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), are intracellular membrane proteins, whose initial encounter with the immune system is poorly understood. Here we propose a new model for how these proteins can initiate autoimmunity. We found that rat and human pancreatic islets release the intracellular β-cell autoantigens in human T1D, GAD65, IA-2, and proinsulin in exosomes, which are taken up by and activate dendritic cells. Accordingly, the anchoring of GAD65 to exosome-mimetic liposomes strongly boosted antigen presentation and T-cell activation in the context of the human T1D susceptibility haplotype HLA-DR4. Cytokine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress enhanced exosome secretion by β-cells; induced exosomal release of the immunostimulatory chaperones calreticulin, Gp96, and ORP150; and increased exosomal stimulation of antigen-presenting cells. We propose that stress-induced exosomal release of intracellular autoantigens and immunostimulatory chaperones may play a role in the initiation of autoimmune responses in T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cianciaruso
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward A Phelps
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miriella Pasquier
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Hamelin
- Proteomics Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Demurtas
- Bio-Electron Microscopy Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Alibashe Ahmed
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Steinunn Baekkeskov
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caucheteux SM, Mitchell JP, Ivory MO, Hirosue S, Hakobyan S, Dolton G, Ladell K, Miners K, Price DA, Kan-Mitchell J, Sewell AK, Nestle F, Moris A, Karoo RO, Birchall JC, Swartz MA, Hubbel JA, Blanchet FP, Piguet V. Polypropylene Sulfide Nanoparticle p24 Vaccine Promotes Dendritic Cell-Mediated Specific Immune Responses against HIV-1. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1172-1181. [PMID: 26896775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of vaccine formulations into the dermis using antigen-coated microneedle patches is a promising and safe approach because of efficient antigen delivery and safety. We evaluated an intradermal vaccine using HIV-1 p24 Gag peptide-conjugated polypropylene sulfide nanoparticles to induce immunity against HIV-1. This peptide-conjugated polypropylene sulfide nanoparticle formulation did not accelerate the maturation of blood- or skin-derived subsets of dendritic cells, either generated in vitro or purified ex vivo, despite efficient uptake in the absence of adjuvant. Moreover, dendritic cell-mediated capture of particulate antigen in this form induced potent HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses, as well as B-cell-mediated antibody production. Nanoparticle-based intradermal antigen delivery may therefore provide a new option in the global effort to develop an effective vaccine against HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Caucheteux
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John P Mitchell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew O Ivory
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Hakobyan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Garry Dolton
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly Miners
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - June Kan-Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - James C Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbel
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fabien P Blanchet
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hirosue S, Dubrot J. Modes of Antigen Presentation by Lymph Node Stromal Cells and Their Immunological Implications. Front Immunol 2015; 6:446. [PMID: 26441957 PMCID: PMC4561840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation is no longer the exclusive domain of cells of hematopoietic origin. Recent works have demonstrated that lymph node stromal cell (LNSC) populations, such as fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic and blood endothelial cells, not only provide a scaffold for lymphocyte interactions but also exhibit active immunomodulatory roles that are critical to mounting and resolving effective immune responses. Importantly, LNSCs possess the ability to present antigens and establish antigen-specific interactions with T cells. One example is the expression of peripheral tissue antigens, which are presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I molecules with tolerogenic consequences on T cells. Additionally, exogenous antigens, including self and tumor antigens, can be processed and presented on MHC-I complexes, which result in dysfunctional activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. While MHC-I is widely expressed on cells of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins, antigen presentation via MHC-II is more precisely regulated. Nevertheless, LNSCs are capable of endogenously expressing, or alternatively, acquiring MHC-II molecules. Transfer of antigen between LNSC and dendritic cells in both directions has been recently suggested to promote tolerogenic roles of LNSCs on the CD4+ T cell compartment. Thus, antigen presentation by LNSCs is thought to be a mechanism that promotes the maintenance of peripheral tolerance as well as generates a pool of diverse antigen-experienced T cells for protective immunity. This review aims to integrate the current and emerging literature to highlight the importance of LNSCs in immune responses, and emphasize their role in antigen trafficking, retention, and presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Juan Dubrot
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Université de Genève , Geneva , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hirosue S, Vokali E, Raghavan VR, Rincon-Restrepo M, Lund AW, Corthésy-Henrioud P, Capotosti F, Halin Winter C, Hugues S, Swartz MA. Steady-state antigen scavenging, cross-presentation, and CD8+ T cell priming: a new role for lymphatic endothelial cells. J Immunol 2014; 192:5002-11. [PMID: 24795456 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, the known roles of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in immune modulation were limited to directing immune cell trafficking and passively transporting peripheral Ags to lymph nodes. Recent studies demonstrated that LECs can directly suppress dendritic cell maturation and present peripheral tissue and tumor Ags for autoreactive T cell deletion. We asked whether LECs play a constitutive role in T cell deletion under homeostatic conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that murine LECs under noninflamed conditions actively scavenge and cross-present foreign exogenous Ags to cognate CD8(+) T cells. This cross-presentation was sensitive to inhibitors of lysosomal acidification and endoplasmic reticulum-golgi transport and was TAP1 dependent. Furthermore, LECs upregulated MHC class I and the PD-1 ligand PD-L1, but not the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, or CD86, upon Ag-specific interactions with CD8(+) T cells. Finally, Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells that were activated by LECs underwent proliferation, with early-generation apoptosis and dysfunctionally activated phenotypes that could not be reversed by exogenous IL-2. These findings help to establish LECs as APCs that are capable of scavenging and cross-presenting exogenous Ags, in turn causing dysfunctional activation of CD8(+) T cells under homeostatic conditions. Thus, we suggest that steady-state lymphatic drainage may contribute to peripheral tolerance by delivering self-Ags to lymph node-resident leukocytes, as well as by providing constant exposure of draining peripheral Ags to LECs, which maintain tolerogenic cross-presentation of such Ags.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Efthymia Vokali
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vidya R Raghavan
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Rincon-Restrepo
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesca Capotosti
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin Winter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; and
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Swartz MA, Lund AW, Shields JD, Kourtis IC, Hirosue S. Abstract 298: Tumor-associated lymphatic vessels: Hijacking mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels drain fluid, antigens, and immune cells from the periphery to the lymph nodes (LNs). In addition to transporting activated dendritic cells to mount adaptive immune responses in the LN, lymphatic drainage is brings soluble antigens from the periphery to LN-resident immature dendritic cells and B cells. It is also the most common site for cancer metastasis. Despite its importance, the role of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and their drainage to the LN in regulating host immune responses to the tumor is poorly understood. We show that tumor expression of VEGF-C, the most potent lymphatic growth factor, promotes pro-tumor immune tolerance by several mechanisms. For one, it enhances drainage to the draining LN, where tumor antigens along with suppressive cytokines bathe the LN and could affect B and T cell education there. Second, tumor VEGF-C upregulates CCL21 in the tumor stroma and surrounding lymphatic vessels, which itself promotes T cell infiltration and suppression. Third, VEGF-C drives peritumoral and LN lymphangiogenesis, which can modulate the myeloid cell repertoire towards more suppressive phenotypes. These changes resulted in increased infiltrations of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and increased levels of regulatory cytokines. Interestingly, VEGF-C-expressing tumors were impervious to prior immunization against tumor antigen, unlike control-transfected tumors, which were hindered by the vaccine-induced immune response. Together, these findings suggest that lymphatic drainage serves to maintain peripheral tolerance and that tumors may hijack such mechanisms to escape host immunity.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 298. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-298
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melody A. Swartz
- 1Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- 1Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sachiko Hirosue
- 1Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lund AW, Duraes FV, Hirosue S, Raghavan VR, Nembrini C, Thomas SN, Issa A, Hugues S, Swartz MA. VEGF-C promotes immune tolerance in B16 melanomas and cross-presentation of tumor antigen by lymph node lymphatics. Cell Rep 2012; 1:191-9. [PMID: 22832193 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor expression of the lymphangiogenic factor VEGF-C is correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis, and although VEGF-C enhances transport to the draining lymph node (dLN) and antigen exposure to the adaptive immune system, its role in tumor immunity remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that VEGF-C promotes immune tolerance in murine melanoma. In B16 F10 melanomas expressing a foreign antigen (OVA), VEGF-C protected tumors against preexisting antitumor immunity and promoted local deletion of OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells. Naive OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells, transferred into tumor-bearing mice, were dysfunctionally activated and apoptotic. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in dLNs cross-presented OVA, and naive LECs scavenge and cross-present OVA in vitro. Cross-presenting LECs drove the proliferation and apoptosis of OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells ex vivo. Our findings introduce a tumor-promoting role for lymphatics in the tumor and dLN and suggest that lymphatic endothelium in the local microenvironment may be a target for immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W Lund
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lund AW, Raghavan V, Hirosue S, Duraes F, Hugues S, Swartz M. Abstract LB-151: Tumor VEGF-C promotes immune suppression and tolerance. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-lb-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is correlated with tumor invasion and hypothesized to induce metastasis through enhanced lymphangiogenesis and the creation of an “escape route”. However, new evidence suggests that VEGF-C can induce invasion in the absence of obvious tumor lymphangiogenesis, and furthermore, that lymphatic transport may play a role in modulating immunity. Still however, the role of the lymphatics as players in anti-tumor immunity and tumor invasion remains unexplored. Here we present a new model for VEGF-C induced tumor-invasion in which VEGF-C and lymphatic endothelial cells play a direct role in the suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Using a B16 F10 mouse melanoma that overexpresses VEGF-C, we demonstrated that VEGF-C induces the expression of the lymphoid homing cytokine, CCL21, within the stroma of the tumor and drives lymphocyte trafficking, fluid drainage and metastasis to the sentinel draining lymph node. Within the tumor stroma VEGF-C recruited a more regulatory immune cell infiltrate including increased regulatory T cells (CD25+FoxP3+) and M2 macrophages (CD11b+CD80-CD206+) and decreased antigen specific cytotoxic T cells (CD8+Trp2+). To test the ability of this mediated VEGF-C response to overcome host immunity we engineered a B16 F10 line to express ovalbumin (OVA) as a model tumor antigen. When we preimmunized the mice against OVA we observed that VEGF-C provided protection against vaccine (OVA/LPS) induced anti-tumor immunity. Growth of OVA bearing tumors was inhibited with vaccination and correlated with an increase in CD8+ antigen specific cytotoxic T cells. However, neither the growth nor the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells was affected by vaccination when the tumors also overexpressing VEGF-C. Additionally, to determine the fate of antigen specific CD8+ we adoptively transferred OT-I T cells by tail vein injection and observed their homing to the draining lymph nodes and tumor. In these microenvironments, when exposed to VEGF-C, adoptively transferred cells lost function over time as shown by the detection of Annexin V and decreased IFNγ expression. These results suggest that the expression of VEGF-C by a primary tumor not only promotes metastasis through the expansion of the lymphatic network but also through an immunological switch within the tumor and draining lymph node. We therefore present one of the first studies to identify an active, rather than passive, role for the lymphangiogenic growth factor, VEGF-C, and local lymphatic endothelial cells in the regulation of tumor immunity.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-151. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-151
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W. Lund
- 1Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vidya Raghavan
- 1Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- 1Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Melody Swartz
- 1Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hirosue S, Senn K, Clément N, Nonnenmacher M, Gigout L, Linden RM, Weber T. Effect of inhibition of dynein function and microtubule-altering drugs on AAV2 transduction. Virology 2007; 367:10-8. [PMID: 17588632 PMCID: PMC2099573 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, adeno-associated (AAV) virus has emerged as an important vector for gene therapy. As a result, understanding its basic biology, including intracellular trafficking, has become increasingly important. Here, we describe the effect of inhibiting dynein function or altering the state of microtubule polymerization on rAAV2 transduction. Overexpression of dynamitin, resulting in a functional inhibition of the minus-end-directed microtubule motor protein dynein, did not inhibit transduction. Equally, treatment of cells with nocodazole, or concentrations of vinblastine that result in the disruption of microtubules, had no significant effect on transduction. In contrast, high concentrations of Taxol and vinblastine, resulting in microtubule stabilization and the formation of tubulin paracrystals respectively, reduced rAAV2 transduction in a vector-dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that AAV2 can infect HeLa cells independently of dynein function or an intact microtubule network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hirosue
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Karin Senn
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Nathalie Clément
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Mathieu Nonnenmacher
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Laure Gigout
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - R. Michael Linden
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Thomas Weber
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Correspondence should be addressed to T.W. 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, New York 10029-6514, Tel. 1-212-659-8293; Fax. 1-212-849-2437; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Lipid membranes compartmentalize eukaryotic cells and separate the cell interior from the extracellular milieu. So far, studies of peptide and protein interactions with membranes have largely been limited to naturally occurring peptides or to sequences designed on the basis of structural information and biophysical parameters. To expand on these studies, utilizing a system with minimal assumptions, we used phage-display technology to identify 12 amino acid-long peptides that bind to liposomes at pH 5.0 but not at pH 7.5. Of the nineteen peptides discovered, three were able to cause leakage of liposome contents. Multivalent presentation of these membrane-active peptides by conjugation onto poly(l-Lysine) enhanced their lytic potential. The secondary structures were analyzed by circular dichroism in aqueous 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and in buffered aqueous solutions, both in the presence and absence of liposomes. Two of the three lytic peptides show alpha helical profiles, whereas none of the nonlytic peptides formed stable secondary structures. The diverse characteristics of the peptides identified in this study demonstrate that phage-displayed peptide library screens on lipid membranes result in the discovery of nonclassical membrane-active peptides, whose study will provide novel insights into peptide-membrane interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hirosue
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The first step toward hydrophobic polymer-based nanospheres for gene delivery is to encapsulate and release plasmid DNA. However, encapsulating large hydrophilic molecules in very small nanospheres has been difficult, and only a few examples exist in the literature. For example, maximizing protein and peptide as well as small molecule encapsulation requires adjustments in pH or addition of excipients to charge neutralize, and make less hydrophilic, the compound to be encapsulated. Following this model, we have used a cationic lipid to load and release plasmid DNA from nanospheres made by the phase inversion/solvent diffusion method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hirosue
- Harvard-MIT Joint Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E25-342, 45 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|