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Huycke TR, Miyazaki H, Häkkinen TJ, Srivastava V, Barruet E, McGinnis CS, Kalantari A, Cornwall-Scoones J, Vaka D, Zhu Q, Jo H, DeGrado WF, Thomson M, Garikipati K, Boffelli D, Klein OD, Gartner ZJ. Patterning and folding of intestinal villi by active mesenchymal dewetting. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.25.546328. [PMID: 37425793 PMCID: PMC10326967 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.25.546328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue folding generates structural motifs critical to organ function. In the intestine, bending of a flat epithelium into a periodic pattern of folds gives rise to villi, the numerous finger-like protrusions that are essential for nutrient absorption. However, the molecular and mechanical mechanisms driving the initiation and morphogenesis of villi remain a matter of debate. Here, we identify an active mechanical mechanism that simultaneously patterns and folds intestinal villi. We find that PDGFRA+ subepithelial mesenchymal cells generate myosin II-dependent forces sufficient to produce patterned curvature in neighboring tissue interfaces. At the cell-level, this occurs through a process dependent upon matrix metalloproteinase-mediated tissue fluidization and altered cell-ECM adhesion. By combining computational models with in vivo experiments, we reveal these cellular features manifest at the tissue-level as differences in interfacial tensions that promote mesenchymal aggregation and interface bending through a process analogous to the active de-wetting of a thin liquid film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. Huycke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Hikaru Miyazaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Teemu J. Häkkinen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Vasudha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emilie Barruet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S. McGinnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ali Kalantari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jake Cornwall-Scoones
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matt Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Krishna Garikipati
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Dario Boffelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zev J. Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Jia S, Zhao F. Ex vivo development of the entire mouse fetal reproductive tract by using microdissection and membrane-based organ culture techniques. Differentiation 2022; 123:42-49. [PMID: 35030420 PMCID: PMC8821157 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo explant culture is an appealing alternative to in vivo studies on fetal reproductive organ development. There is extensive literature on ex vivo methods of growing the fetal gonad. However, a method for culturing the whole fetal reproductive tract that has a different shape and size has not been documented. Here, with careful dissection and proper tissue orientation, we successfully cultured the entire bicornuate reproductive tracts from mouse embryos of both sexes on the Transwell insert membrane. The cultured reproductive tract system undergoes sexually dimorphic establishment and region-specific morphogenesis comparable to in vivo development of their counterparts. To test this culture method's applications, we used chemical treatment (dihydrotestosterone and BMS 564929) and genetic cellular ablation mouse model (Gli1-CreER; Rosa-DTA) to investigate the roles of androgen signaling and Gli1+ mesenchyme in Wolffian duct development. Dihydrotestosterone and BMS 564929 promoted the ectopic maintenance of Wolffian ducts in cultured XX tissues. The efficient and specific elimination of Gli1+ mesenchyme was successfully achieved in the cultured tissues, resulting in defective coiling of Wolffian ducts. These results demonstrate the amenability of this organ culture method for chemical and genetic manipulations that are otherwise difficult to study in vivo. Taken together, the establishment of this organ culture method provides a valuable tool complementary to in vivo studies for understanding fetal reproductive tract development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jia
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Corresponding author: Fei Zhao, Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, Tel: 608-890-2610.
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3
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Tracing the origin of adult intestinal stem cells. Nature 2019; 570:107-111. [PMID: 31092921 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adult intestinal stem cells are located at the bottom of crypts of Lieberkühn, where they express markers such as LGR51,2 and fuel the constant replenishment of the intestinal epithelium1. Although fetal LGR5-expressing cells can give rise to adult intestinal stem cells3,4, it remains unclear whether this population in the patterned epithelium represents unique intestinal stem-cell precursors. Here we show, using unbiased quantitative lineage-tracing approaches, biophysical modelling and intestinal transplantation, that all cells of the mouse intestinal epithelium-irrespective of their location and pattern of LGR5 expression in the fetal gut tube-contribute actively to the adult intestinal stem cell pool. Using 3D imaging, we find that during fetal development the villus undergoes gross remodelling and fission. This brings epithelial cells from the non-proliferative villus into the proliferative intervillus region, which enables them to contribute to the adult stem-cell niche. Our results demonstrate that large-scale remodelling of the intestinal wall and cell-fate specification are closely linked. Moreover, these findings provide a direct link between the observed plasticity and cellular reprogramming of differentiating cells in adult tissues following damage5-9, revealing that stem-cell identity is an induced rather than a hardwired property.
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4
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Hughes AJ, Miyazaki H, Coyle MC, Zhang J, Laurie MT, Chu D, Vavrušová Z, Schneider RA, Klein OD, Gartner ZJ. Engineered Tissue Folding by Mechanical Compaction of the Mesenchyme. Dev Cell 2017; 44:165-178.e6. [PMID: 29290586 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many tissues fold into complex shapes during development. Controlling this process in vitro would represent an important advance for tissue engineering. We use embryonic tissue explants, finite element modeling, and 3D cell-patterning techniques to show that mechanical compaction of the extracellular matrix during mesenchymal condensation is sufficient to drive tissue folding along programmed trajectories. The process requires cell contractility, generates strains at tissue interfaces, and causes patterns of collagen alignment around and between condensates. Aligned collagen fibers support elevated tensions that promote the folding of interfaces along paths that can be predicted by modeling. We demonstrate the robustness and versatility of this strategy for sculpting tissue interfaces by directing the morphogenesis of a variety of folded tissue forms from patterns of mesenchymal condensates. These studies provide insight into the active mechanical properties of the embryonic mesenchyme and establish engineering strategies for more robustly directing tissue morphogenesis ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Hughes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hikaru Miyazaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maxwell C Coyle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jesse Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew T Laurie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zuzana Vavrušová
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Richard A Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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5
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Baydoun M, Vanneste SB, Creusy C, Guyot K, Gantois N, Chabe M, Delaire B, Mouray A, Baydoun A, Forzy G, Chieux V, Gosset P, Senez V, Viscogliosi E, Follet J, Certad G. Three-dimensional (3D) culture of adult murine colon as an in vitro model of cryptosporidiosis: Proof of concept. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17288. [PMID: 29230047 PMCID: PMC5725449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of diarrheal illness and was recently potentially associated with digestive carcinogenesis. Despite its impact on human health, Cryptosporidium pathogenesis remains poorly known, mainly due to the lack of a long-term culture method for this parasite. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) culture model from adult murine colon allowing biological investigations of the host-parasite interactions in an in vivo-like environment and, in particular, the development of parasite-induced neoplasia. Colonic explants were cultured and preserved ex vivo for 35 days and co-culturing was performed with C. parvum. Strikingly, the resulting system allowed the reproduction of neoplastic lesions in vitro at 27 days post-infection (PI), providing new evidence of the role of the parasite in the induction of carcinogenesis. This promising model could facilitate the study of host-pathogen interactions and the investigation of the process involved in Cryptosporidium-induced cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Baydoun
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,ISA-YNCREA Hauts-de-France, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz Vanneste
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Laboratoire Ecologie et Biodiversité, Faculté de Gestion Economie et Sciences, Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Colette Creusy
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hopitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Karine Guyot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Magali Chabe
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Baptiste Delaire
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hopitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Anthony Mouray
- Plateforme d'Expérimentations et de Hautes Technologies Animales, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Atallah Baydoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gerard Forzy
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Groupement des Hospitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Vincent Chieux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Groupement des Hospitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hopitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lille, France
| | - Vincent Senez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Follet
- ISA-YNCREA Hauts-de-France, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France. .,Département de la Recherche Médicale, Groupement des Hopitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France.
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6
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Walton KD, Whidden M, Kolterud Å, Shoffner SK, Czerwinski MJ, Kushwaha J, Parmar N, Chandhrasekhar D, Freddo AM, Schnell S, Gumucio DL. Villification in the mouse: Bmp signals control intestinal villus patterning. Development 2016; 143:427-36. [PMID: 26721501 PMCID: PMC4760312 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the intestine, finger-like villi provide abundant surface area for nutrient absorption. During murine villus development, epithelial Hedgehog (Hh) signals promote aggregation of subepithelial mesenchymal clusters that drive villus emergence. Clusters arise first dorsally and proximally and spread over the entire intestine within 24 h, but the mechanism driving this pattern in the murine intestine is unknown. In chick, the driver of cluster pattern is tensile force from developing smooth muscle, which generates deep longitudinal epithelial folds that locally concentrate the Hh signal, promoting localized expression of cluster genes. By contrast, we show that in mouse, muscle-induced epithelial folding does not occur and artificial deformation of the epithelium does not determine the pattern of clusters or villi. In intestinal explants, modulation of Bmp signaling alters the spatial distribution of clusters and changes the pattern of emerging villi. Increasing Bmp signaling abolishes cluster formation, whereas inhibiting Bmp signaling leads to merged clusters. These dynamic changes in cluster pattern are faithfully simulated by a mathematical model of a Turing field in which an inhibitor of Bmp signaling acts as the Turing activator. In vivo, genetic interruption of Bmp signal reception in either epithelium or mesenchyme reveals that Bmp signaling in Hh-responsive mesenchymal cells controls cluster pattern. Thus, unlike in chick, the murine villus patterning system is independent of muscle-induced epithelial deformation. Rather, a complex cocktail of Bmps and Bmp signal modulators secreted from mesenchymal clusters determines the pattern of villi in a manner that mimics the spread of a self-organizing Turing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Walton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark Whidden
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Åsa Kolterud
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Instituet, Novum, Huddinge SE-141 83, Sweden
| | - Suzanne K Shoffner
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Michael J Czerwinski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juhi Kushwaha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nishita Parmar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Deepa Chandhrasekhar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew M Freddo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Santiago Schnell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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7
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Potter SJ, DeFalco T. Using Ex Vivo Upright Droplet Cultures of Whole Fetal Organs to Study Developmental Processes during Mouse Organogenesis. J Vis Exp 2015:e53262. [PMID: 26556004 DOI: 10.3791/53262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating organogenesis in utero is a technically challenging process in placental mammals due to inaccessibility of reagents to embryos that develop within the uterus. A newly developed ex vivo upright droplet culture method provides an attractive alternative to studies performed in utero. The ex vivo droplet culture provides the ability to examine and manipulate cellular interactions and diverse signaling pathways through use of various blocking and activating compounds; additionally, the effects of various pharmacological reagents on the development of specific organs can be studied without unwanted side effects of systemic drug delivery in utero. As compared to other in vitro systems, the droplet culture not only allows for the ability to study three-dimensional morphogenesis and cell-cell interactions, which cannot be reproduced in mammalian cell lines, but also requires significantly less reagents than other ex vivo and in vitro protocols. This paper demonstrates proper mouse fetal organ dissection and upright droplet culture techniques, followed by whole organ immunofluorescence to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The ex vivo droplet culture method allows the formation of organ architecture comparable to what is observed in vivo and can be utilized to study otherwise difficult-to-study processes due to embryonic lethality in in vivo models. As a model application system, a small-molecule inhibitor will be utilized to probe the role of vascularization in testicular morphogenesis. This ex vivo droplet culture method is expandable to other fetal organ systems, such as lung and potentially others, although each organ must be extensively studied to determine any organ-specific modifications to the protocol. This organ culture system provides flexibility in experimentation with fetal organs, and results obtained using this technique will help researchers gain insights into fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Potter
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center;
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