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Munguia-Galaviz FJ, Gutierrez-Mercado YK, Miranda-Diaz AG, Portilla de Buen E, Flores-Soto ME, Echavarria R. Cardiac transcriptomic changes induced by early CKD in mice reveal novel pathways involved in the pathogenesis of Cardiorenal syndrome type 4. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27468. [PMID: 38509984 PMCID: PMC10950824 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 4 is prevalent among the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, with many patients dying from cardiovascular complications. However, limited data regarding cardiac transcriptional changes induced early by CKD is available. Methods We used a murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model to evaluate renal damage, cardiac remodeling, and transcriptional regulation at 21 days post-surgery through histological analysis, RT-qPCR, RNA-seq, and bioinformatics. Results UUO leads to significant kidney injury, low uremia, and pathological cardiac remodeling, evidenced by increased collagen deposition and smooth muscle alpha-actin 2 expression. RNA-seq analysis identified 76 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in UUO hearts. Upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in cell cycle and cell division pathways, immune responses, cardiac repair, inflammation, proliferation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis further revealed mitochondrial oxidative bioenergetic pathways, autophagy, and peroxisomal pathways are downregulated in UUO hearts. Vimentin was also identified as an UUO-upregulated transcript. Conclusions Our results emphasize the relevance of extensive transcriptional changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, homeostasis deregulation, fatty-acid metabolism alterations, and vimentin upregulation in CRS type 4 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Munguia-Galaviz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Division de Ciencias de la Salud, CUSUR, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzman 49000, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Eliseo Portilla de Buen
- Division de Investigacion Quirurgica, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Mario Eduardo Flores-Soto
- Division de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Raquel Echavarria
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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2
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Luo L, Wang S, Hu Y, Wang L, Jiang X, Zhang J, Liu X, Guo X, Luo Z, Zhu C, Xie M, Li Y, You J, Yang F. Precisely Regulating M2 Subtype Macrophages for Renal Fibrosis Resolution. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22508-22526. [PMID: 37948096 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are central to the pathogenesis of kidney disease and serve as an effective therapeutic target for kidney injury and fibrosis. Among them, M2-type macrophages have double-edged effects regarding anti-inflammatory effects and tissue repair. Depending on the polarization of the M2 subtypes (M2a or M2c) in the diseased microenvironment, they can either mediate normal tissue repair or drive tissue fibrosis. In renal fibrosis, M2a promotes disease progression through macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) cells, while M2c possesses potent anti-inflammatory functions and promotes tissue repair, and is inhibited. The mechanisms underlying this differentiation are complex and are currently not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we first confirmed that M2a-derived MMT cells are responsible for the development of renal fibrosis and demonstrated that the intensity of TGF-β signaling is a major factor determining the differential polarization of M2a and M2c. Under excessive TGF-β stimulation, M2a undergoes a process known as MMT cells, whereas moderate TGF-β stimulation favors the polarization of M2c phenotype macrophages. Based on these findings, we employed targeted nanotechnology to codeliver endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor (Ceapin 7, Cea or C) and conventional glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone, Dex or D), precisely modulating the ATF6/TGF-β/Smad3 signaling axis within macrophages. This approach calibrated the level of TGF-β stimulation on macrophages, promoting their polarization toward the M2c phenotype and suppressing excessive MMT polarization. The study indicates that the combination of ERS inhibitor and a first-line anti-inflammatory drug holds promise as an effective therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Litong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xindong Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemeng Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunqi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Miaomiao Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 118 Longjinger Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeqing Li
- The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, 118 Longjinger Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 886 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuchun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Liang J, Liu Y. Animal Models of Kidney Disease: Challenges and Perspectives. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:1479-1493. [PMID: 37526653 PMCID: PMC10617803 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Kidney disease is highly prevalent and affects approximately 850 million people worldwide. It is also associated with high morbidity and mortality, and current therapies are incurable and often ineffective. Animal models are indispensable for understanding the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases and for preclinically testing novel remedies. In the last two decades, rodents continue to be the most used models for imitating human kidney diseases, largely because of the increasing availability of many unique genetically modified mice. Despite many limitations and pitfalls, animal models play an essential and irreplaceable role in gaining novel insights into the mechanisms, pathologies, and therapeutic targets of kidney disease. In this review, we highlight commonly used animal models of kidney diseases by focusing on experimental AKI, CKD, and diabetic kidney disease. We briefly summarize the pathological characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of some widely used models. Emerging animal models such as mini pig, salamander, zebrafish, and drosophila, as well as human-derived kidney organoids and kidney-on-a-chip are also discussed. Undoubtedly, careful selection and utilization of appropriate animal models is of vital importance in deciphering the mechanisms underlying nephropathies and evaluating the efficacy of new treatment options. Such studies will provide a solid foundation for future diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
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4
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O’Sullivan ED, Mylonas KJ, Bell R, Carvalho C, Baird DP, Cairns C, Gallagher KM, Campbell R, Docherty M, Laird A, Henderson NC, Chandra T, Kirschner K, Conway B, Dihazi GH, Zeisberg M, Hughes J, Denby L, Dihazi H, Ferenbach DA. Single-cell analysis of senescent epithelia reveals targetable mechanisms promoting fibrosis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e154124. [PMID: 36509292 PMCID: PMC9746814 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis and maladaptive organ repair result in significant morbidity and millions of premature deaths annually. Senescent cells accumulate with aging and after injury and are implicated in organ fibrosis, but the mechanisms by which senescence influences repair are poorly understood. Using 2 murine models of injury and repair, we show that obstructive injury generated senescent epithelia, which persisted after resolution of the original injury, promoted ongoing fibrosis, and impeded adaptive repair. Depletion of senescent cells with ABT-263 reduced fibrosis in reversed ureteric obstruction and after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. We validated these findings in humans, showing that senescence and fibrosis persisted after relieved renal obstruction. We next characterized senescent epithelia in murine renal injury using single-cell RNA-Seq. We extended our classification to human kidney and liver disease and identified conserved profibrotic proteins, which we validated in vitro and in human disease. We demonstrated that increased levels of protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3) augmented TGF-β-mediated fibroblast activation. Inhibition of PDIA3 in vivo significantly reduced kidney fibrosis during ongoing renal injury and as such represented a new potential therapeutic pathway. Analysis of the signaling pathways of senescent epithelia connected senescence to organ fibrosis, permitting rational design of antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin D. O’Sullivan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katie J. Mylonas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Bell
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Carvalho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Baird
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carolynn Cairns
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Gallagher
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Campbell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Docherty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Laird
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- The Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jeremy Hughes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Denby
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hassan Dihazi
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, and
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David A. Ferenbach
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Wang M, Qin T, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhuang Z, Wang Y, Ding Y, Peng Y. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway mediates both liver and kidney injuries in mice with hepatorenal syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G461-G476. [PMID: 36165507 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00048.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a complication of cirrhosis with high morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism involving how kidney injury aggravates the progression of cirrhosis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in mediating liver and kidney injuries in HRS mice induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and/or bile duct ligation (BDL). Two weeks after UUO, there were no obvious pathological changes in mouse liver and the unligated side of kidney. Nevertheless, impaired liver and kidney functions, inflammatory response, and fibrosis were examined in mice after 2 wk of BDL. Compared with those of other groups, mice in the BDL + UUO group presented severer liver and kidney injuries, higher levels of inflammatory factors, and faster deposition of collagens, suggesting that kidney injuries accelerated the aggravation of HRS. Correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between expression levels of inflammatory factors and fibrotic levels. Meanwhile, TLR4 and its ligand MyD88 were upregulated during the process of liver and kidney injuries in HRS mice. Further animal experiments in transgenic TLR4-/- mice or in those treated with TAK242, a small molecule inhibitor of TLR4, showed that blocking the TLR4 signaling pathway significantly improved survival quality and survival rate in HRS mice by alleviating liver fibrosis and kidney injury. It is concluded that kidney dysfunction plays an important role in the aggravation of cirrhosis, which may be attributed to the TLR4 signaling pathway. Targeting TLR4 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for protecting both liver and kidneys in patients with HRS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study established BDL, UUO, and BDL + UUO models, providing a novel idea for analyzing liver and kidney diseases. It is highlighted that the kidney injury accelerated the aggravation of HRS via inflammatory response, which could be protected by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. We believed that targeting TLR4 was a promising therapeutic strategy for protecting both liver and kidney functions in patients with HRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zirui Zhuang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfang Ding
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunru Peng
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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6
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Nazari Soltan Ahmad S, Kalantary-Charvadeh A, Hamzavi M, Ezzatifar F, Aboutalebi Vand Beilankouhi E, Toofani-Milani A, Geravand F, Golshadi Z, Mesgari-Abbasi M. TGF-β1 receptor blockade attenuates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice through attenuating Smad and MAPK pathways. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:691-698. [PMID: 35704228 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix components and collagen deposition. TGF-β1 acts as a master switch promoting renal fibrosis through Smad dependent and/or Smad independent pathways. Thirty-five male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups of seven each; sham, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), UUO+galunisertib (150 and 300 mg/kg/day), galunisertib (300 mg/kg/day). The UUO markedly induced renal fibrosis and injury as indicated by renal functional loss, increased levels of collagen Iα1, fibronectin and α-SMA; it also activated both the Smad 2/3 and MAPKs pathways as indicated by increased levels of TGF-β1, p-Smad 2, p-Smad 3, p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK. These UUO-induced changes were markedly attenuated by oral administration of galunisertib, the TGFβRI small molecule inhibitor. In conclusion, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 receptor blockade can prevent UUO-induced renal fibrosis through indirect modulation of Smad and MAPKs signaling pathways and may be useful as a therapeutic agent in treatment and/or prevention of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashkan Kalantary-Charvadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Hamzavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ezzatifar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Attabak Toofani-Milani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Geravand
- Department of Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zakieh Golshadi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Avenue, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Votava JA, Reese SR, Deck KM, Nizzi CP, Anderson SA, Djamali A, Eisenstein RS. Dysregulation of the sensory and regulatory pathways controlling cellular iron metabolism in unilateral obstructive nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F89-F103. [PMID: 34843656 PMCID: PMC8742730 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00537.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease involves disturbances in iron metabolism including anemia caused by insufficient erythropoietin (EPO) production. However, underlying mechanisms responsible for the dysregulation of cellular iron metabolism are incompletely defined. Using the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model in Irp1+/+ and Irp1-/- mice, we asked if iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), the central regulators of cellular iron metabolism and suppressors of EPO production, contribute to the etiology of anemia in kidney failure. We identified a significant reduction in IRP protein level and RNA binding activity that associates with a loss of the iron uptake protein transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), increased expression of the iron storage protein subunits H- and L-ferritin, and a low but overall variable level of stainable iron in the obstructed kidney. This reduction in IRP RNA binding activity and ferritin RNA levels suggests the concomitant rise in ferritin expression and iron content in kidney failure is IRP dependent. In contrast, the reduction in the Epo mRNA level in the obstructed kidney was not rescued by genetic ablation of IRP1, suggesting disruption of normal hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α regulation. Furthermore, reduced expression of some HIF-α target genes in UUO occurred in the face of increased expression of HIF-α proteins and prolyl hydroxylases 2 and 1, the latter of which is not known to be HIF-α mediated. Our results suggest that the IRP system drives changes in cellular iron metabolism that are associated with kidney failure in UUO but that the impact of IRPs on EPO production is overridden by disrupted hypoxia signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that iron metabolism and hypoxia signaling are dysregulated in unilateral obstructive nephropathy. Expression of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), central regulators of cellular iron metabolism, and the iron uptake (transferrin receptor 1) and storage (ferritins) proteins they target is strongly altered. This suggests a role of IRPs in previously observed changes in iron metabolism in progressive renal disease. Hypoxia signaling is disrupted and appeared to dominate the action of IRP1 in controlling erythropoietin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Votava
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shannon R Reese
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kathryn M Deck
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher P Nizzi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sheila A Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Arjang Djamali
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard S Eisenstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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8
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Ishii H, Kaneko S, Yanai K, Aomatsu A, Hirai K, Ookawara S, Morishita Y. MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Transl Res 2021; 237:31-52. [PMID: 34102327 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The microRNAs (miRNAs) that can regulate diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have not been fully characterized. The aim of this study was to identify the miRNAs that affect DKD and could be used as specific biomarkers or therapeutic agents. First, kidney tissues from two DKD mouse models and control mice were screened for differences in miRNA expression by microarray analysis followed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Six miRNAs were differentially expressed from controls in both DKD mouse models. Among them, miRNA-125b-5p and miRNA-181b-5p were exclusively downregulated in the DKD mouse model. Next, we administered miRNA-181b-5p-mimic to DKD mice, which reduced the albuminuria and abnormal mesangial expansion. Pathway analysis and database research revealed that overexpression of miRNA-181b-5p significantly altered the expression of seven mRNAs in six known signaling pathways in the kidneys of DKD mice. Furthermore, the serum level of miRNA-125b-5p was significantly higher in patients with DKD (1.89±0.40-fold, P<0.05) compared with patients with other kidney diseases (0.94±0.13-fold) and healthy subjects (1.00±0.19-fold). Serum levels of miRNA-181b-5p were lower in patients with DKD (0.30±0.06-fold, P<0.05) compared with patients with other kidney diseases (1.06±0.20-fold) and healthy subjects (1.00±0.16-fold). These results suggest that miRNA-125b-5p and miRNA-181b-5p may represent novel diagnostic biomarkers and that miRNA-181b-5p may represent a therapeutic target for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishii
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shohei Kaneko
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinori Aomatsu
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
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9
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GSDME-mediated pyroptosis promotes inflammation and fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2333-2350. [PMID: 33664482 PMCID: PMC8329275 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular cell (RTC) death and inflammation contribute to the progression of obstructive nephropathy, but its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that Gasdermin E (GSDME) expression level and GSDME-N domain generation determined the RTC fate response to TNFα under the condition of oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation. Deletion of Caspase-3 (Casp3) or Gsdme alleviated renal tubule damage and inflammation and finally prevented the development of hydronephrosis and kidney fibrosis after ureteral obstruction. Using bone marrow transplantation and cell type-specific Casp3 knockout mice, we demonstrated that Casp3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in renal parenchymal cells, but not in hematopoietic cells, played predominant roles in this process. We further showed that HMGB1 released from pyroptotic RTCs amplified inflammatory responses, which critically contributed to renal fibrogenesis. Specific deletion of Hmgb1 in RTCs alleviated caspase11 and IL-1β activation in macrophages. Collectively, our results uncovered that TNFα/Casp3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis is responsible for the initiation of ureteral obstruction-induced renal tubule injury, which subsequentially contributes to the late-stage progression of hydronephrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This novel mechanism will provide valuable therapeutic insights for the treatment of obstructive nephropathy.
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10
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Schmidt IM, Colona MR, Kestenbaum BR, Alexopoulos LG, Palsson R, Srivastava A, Liu J, Stillman IE, Rennke HG, Vaidya VS, Wu H, Humphreys BD, Waikar SS. Cadherin-11, Sparc-related modular calcium binding protein-2, and Pigment epithelium-derived factor are promising non-invasive biomarkers of kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2021; 100:672-683. [PMID: 34051265 PMCID: PMC8384690 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis constitutes the shared final pathway of nearly all chronic nephropathies, but biomarkers for the non-invasive assessment of kidney fibrosis are currently not available. To address this, we characterize five candidate biomarkers of kidney fibrosis: Cadherin-11 (CDH11), Sparc-related modular calcium binding protein-2 (SMOC2), Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), Matrix-Gla protein, and Thrombospondin-2. Gene expression profiles in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (sc/snRNA-seq) datasets from rodent models of fibrosis and human chronic kidney disease (CKD) were explored, and Luminex-based assays for each biomarker were developed. Plasma and urine biomarker levels were measured using independent prospective cohorts of CKD: the Boston Kidney Biopsy Cohort, a cohort of individuals with biopsy-confirmed semiquantitative assessment of kidney fibrosis, and the Seattle Kidney Study, a cohort of patients with common forms of CKD. Ordinal logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test associations of biomarkers with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and progression to end-stage kidney disease and death, respectively. Sc/snRNA-seq data confirmed cell-specific expression of biomarker genes in fibroblasts. After multivariable adjustment, higher levels of plasma CDH11, SMOC2, and PEDF and urinary CDH11 and PEDF were significantly associated with increasing severity of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in the Boston Kidney Biopsy Cohort. In both cohorts, higher levels of plasma and urinary SMOC2 and urinary CDH11 were independently associated with progression to end-stage kidney disease. Higher levels of urinary PEDF associated with end-stage kidney disease in the Seattle Kidney Study, with a similar signal in the Boston Kidney Biopsy Cohort, although the latter narrowly missed statistical significance. Thus, we identified CDH11, SMOC2, and PEDF as promising non-invasive biomarkers of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa M Schmidt
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachussetts, USA; Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Mia R Colona
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachussetts, USA; Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Bryan R Kestenbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens Greece; ProtATonce, Ltd., Athens, Greece
| | - Ragnar Palsson
- Division of Nephrology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anand Srivastava
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachussetts, USA; Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Isaac E Stillman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Helmut G Rennke
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachussetts, USA; Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, USA.
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11
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Geng G, Liu J, Xu C, Pei Y, Chen L, Mu C, Wang D, Gao J, Li Y, Liang J, Zhao T, Zhang C, Zhou J, Chen Q, Zhu Y, Shi L. Receptor-mediated mitophagy regulates EPO production and protects against renal anemia. eLife 2021; 10:64480. [PMID: 33942716 PMCID: PMC8121547 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) drives erythropoiesis and is secreted mainly by the kidney upon hypoxic or anemic stress. The paucity of EPO production in renal EPO-producing cells (REPs) causes renal anemia, one of the most common complications of chronic nephropathies. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in several renal and hematopoietic disorders, the mechanism by which mitochondrial quality control impacts renal anemia remains elusive. In this study, we showed that FUNDC1, a mitophagy receptor, plays a critical role in EPO-driven erythropoiesis induced by stresses. Mechanistically, EPO production is impaired in REPs in Fundc1-/- mice upon stresses, and the impairment is caused by the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which consequently leads to the elevation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and triggers inflammatory responses by up-regulating proinflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory factors promote the myofibroblastic transformation of REPs, resulting in the reduction of EPO production. We therefore provide a link between aberrant mitophagy and deficient EPO generation in renal anemia. Our results also suggest that the mitochondrial quality control safeguards REPs under stresses, which may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfeng Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Changlu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yandong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yushan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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12
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Osoro EK, Du X, Liang D, Lan X, Farooq R, Huang F, Zhu W, Ren J, Sadiq M, Tian L, Yang X, Li D, Lu S. Induction of PDCD4 by albumin in proximal tubule epithelial cells potentiates proteinuria-induced dysfunctional autophagy by negatively targeting Atg5. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:617-628. [PMID: 33831322 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise molecular mechanism of autophagy dysfunction in type 1 diabetes is not known. Herein, the role of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in autophagy regulation in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in vivo and in vitro was described. It was found that Pdcd4 mRNA and protein was upregulated in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DKD rats. In addition, a unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model displayed an upregulation of PDCD4 in the disease group. kidney biopsy samples of human DKD patients showed an upregulation of PDCD4. Furthermore, western blotting of the STZ-induced DKD rat tissues displayed a low microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II, as compared to the control. It was found that albumin overload in cultured PTEC could upregulate the expression of PDCD4 and p62, and decrease the expression of LC3-II and autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) proteins. The knockout of Pdcd4 in cultured PTECs could lessen albumin-induced dysfunctional autophagy as evidenced by the recovery of Atg5 and LC3-II protein. The forced expression of PDCD4 could further suppress the expression of crucial autophagy-related gene Atg5. Herein, endogenous PDCD4 was shown to promote proteinuria-induced dysfunctional autophagy by negatively regulating Atg5. PDCD4 might therefore be a potential therapeutic target in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Kombo Osoro
- Xian Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Xian Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Dong Liang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Xi Lan
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Riaz Farooq
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Fumeng Huang
- Xian Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Xian Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Jiajun Ren
- Xian Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Muhammad Sadiq
- Xian Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Lifang Tian
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Xudong Yang
- Xian Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Dongmin Li
- Xian Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Shemin Lu
- Xian Jiaotong University, 12480, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, 12480, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
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13
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Song J, Gong YH, Yan X, Liu Y, Zhang M, Luo J, Jiang CM, Zhang M, Shi GP, Zhu W. Regulatory T Cells Accelerate the Repair Process of Renal Fibrosis by Regulating Mononuclear Macrophages. Am J Med Sci 2021; 361:776-785. [PMID: 33667434 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the mechanisms of renal fibrosis and explore the effect of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) on renal fibrosis after the obstruction was removed. METHODS Fifty-five C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) group, the relief for unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) group, and the RUUO+Treg group. Renal fibrosis indexes of RUUO mice were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry after CD4+CD25+Treg cells were injected into the tail vein at the moment of recanalization. We detected the levels of Treg, M1, and M2 markers by flow cytometry, and the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 using ELISA. RESULTS The tubular necrosis score, AO value of α-SMA (smooth muscle actin), and collagen area on the 3rd and 14th days post RUUO were up-regulated compared with the 7th day post RUUO (P<0.05). After injection of Treg via tail vein, the tubular necrosis score, AO value of α-SMA, TGF-β1 level, and collagen area in the RUUO+Treg group on the 14th day were down-regulated compared with the RUUO group (P<0.05). Moreover, Treg could transform M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages, manifesting as up-regulated expression of CD206 compared with the RUUO group (P<0.05). Treg could also down-regulate the secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β while up-regulating the secretion of IL-10 in vitro compared with the M1 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The kidney could deteriorate into a state of injury and fibrosis after the obstruction was removed, and Treg could effectively protect the kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Hang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzhuo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Ming Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Watanabe IKM, Andrade-Silva M, Foresto-Neto O, Felizardo RJF, Matheus MAC, Silva RC, Cenedeze MA, Honda TSB, Perandini LAB, Volpini RA, Pacheco-Silva A, Câmara NOS. Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Epithelial Myd88 Signaling Are Crucial for Renal Injury in UUO Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578623. [PMID: 33414781 PMCID: PMC7783078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows the essential participation of gut microbiota in human health and diseases by shaping local and systemic immunity. Despite an accumulating body of studies showing that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely associated with disturbances in the composition of gut microbiota, it remains unclear the importance of gut microbiota in the onset and development of CKD. For the purpose of untangling the role of gut microbiota in CKD, gut microbiota was depleted with a pool of broad-spectrum antibiotics in mice submitted to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Depletion of gut microbiota significantly decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and fibrosis markers, attenuating renal injury. Additionally, to study whether the pathogenic role of gut microbiota is dependent of microbial-host crosstalk, we generated mice lacking Myd88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 8) expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and performed UUO. The absence of Myd88 in IECs prevented a bacterial burden in mesenteric lymph nodes as observed in WT mice after UUO and led to lower expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reducing deposition of type I collagen and, ultimately, attenuating renal damage. Therefore, our results suggest that the presence of gut microbiota is crucial for the development of CKD and may be dependent of Myd88 signaling in IECs, which appears to be essential to maturation of immune cells intimately involved in aggravation of inflammatory scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kazue Mizuno Watanabe
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magaiver Andrade-Silva
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Reinaldo Correa Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Cenedeze
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Kidney Transplant Unit, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Connor KL, Teenan O, Cairns C, Banwell V, Thomas RA, Rodor J, Finnie S, Pius R, Tannahill GM, Sahni V, Savage CO, Hughes J, Harrison EM, Henderson RB, Marson LP, Conway BR, Wigmore SJ, Denby L. Identifying cell-enriched miRNAs in kidney injury and repair. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140399. [PMID: 33328386 PMCID: PMC7819746 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs, miRNAs (miRNAs), are emerging as important modulators in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, with potential as biomarkers of kidney disease onset, progression, or therapeutic efficacy. Bulk tissue small RNA-sequencing (sRNA-Seq) and microarrays are widely used to identify dysregulated miRNA expression but are limited by the lack of precision regarding the cellular origin of the miRNA. In this study, we performed cell-specific sRNA-Seq on tubular cells, endothelial cells, PDGFR-β+ cells, and macrophages isolated from injured and repairing kidneys in the murine reversible unilateral ureteric obstruction model. We devised an unbiased bioinformatics pipeline to define the miRNA enrichment within these cell populations, constructing a miRNA catalog of injury and repair. Our analysis revealed that a significant proportion of cell-specific miRNAs in healthy animals were no longer specific following injury. We then applied this knowledge of the relative cell specificity of miRNAs to deconvolute bulk miRNA expression profiles in the renal cortex in murine models and human kidney disease. Finally, we used our data-driven approach to rationally select macrophage-enriched miR-16-5p and miR-18a-5p and demonstrate that they are promising urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury in renal transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Connor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Edinburgh Transplant Unit, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research and
| | - Oliver Teenan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carolynn Cairns
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Banwell
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Edinburgh Transplant Unit, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research and
| | - Rachel Ab Thomas
- Edinburgh Transplant Unit, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research and
| | - Julie Rodor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Finnie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Riinu Pius
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vishal Sahni
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ewen M Harrison
- Edinburgh Transplant Unit, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lorna P Marson
- Edinburgh Transplant Unit, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation Research and
| | - Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Wigmore
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Edinburgh Transplant Unit, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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16
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Conway BR, O'Sullivan ED, Cairns C, O'Sullivan J, Simpson DJ, Salzano A, Connor K, Ding P, Humphries D, Stewart K, Teenan O, Pius R, Henderson NC, Bénézech C, Ramachandran P, Ferenbach D, Hughes J, Chandra T, Denby L. Kidney Single-Cell Atlas Reveals Myeloid Heterogeneity in Progression and Regression of Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2833-2854. [PMID: 32978267 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the roles of myeloid cell subsets in kidney injury and in the limited ability of the organ to repair itself. Characterizing these cells based only on surface markers using flow cytometry might not provide a full phenotypic picture. Defining these cells at the single-cell, transcriptomic level could reveal myeloid heterogeneity in the progression and regression of kidney disease. METHODS Integrated droplet- and plate-based single-cell RNA sequencing were used in the murine, reversible, unilateral ureteric obstruction model to dissect the transcriptomic landscape at the single-cell level during renal injury and the resolution of fibrosis. Paired blood exchange tracked the fate of monocytes recruited to the injured kidney. RESULTS A single-cell atlas of the kidney generated using transcriptomics revealed marked changes in the proportion and gene expression of renal cell types during injury and repair. Conventional flow cytometry markers would not have identified the 12 myeloid cell subsets. Monocytes recruited to the kidney early after injury rapidly adopt a proinflammatory, profibrotic phenotype that expresses Arg1, before transitioning to become Ccr2 + macrophages that accumulate in late injury. Conversely, a novel Mmp12 + macrophage subset acts during repair. CONCLUSIONS Complementary technologies identified novel myeloid subtypes, based on transcriptomics in single cells, that represent therapeutic targets to inhibit progression or promote regression of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin D O'Sullivan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carolynn Cairns
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Simpson
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Salzano
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Connor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Ding
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Humphries
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Teenan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Riinu Pius
- Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Bénézech
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Ferenbach
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Moon SJ, Kim JH, Choi YK, Lee CH, Hwang JH. Ablation of Gadd45β ameliorates the inflammation and renal fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8814-8825. [PMID: 32570293 PMCID: PMC7412396 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible beta (Gadd45β) protein have been associated with various cellular functions, but its role in progressive renal disease is currently unknown. Here, we examined the effect of Gadd45β deletion on cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammation, and renal fibrosis in an early chronic kidney disease (CKD) mouse model following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Wild‐type (WT) and Gadd45β‐knockout (KO) mice underwent either a sham operation or UUO and the kidneys were sampled eight days later. A histological assay revealed that ablation of Gadd45β ameliorated UUO‐induced renal injury. Cell proliferation was higher in Gadd45β KO mouse kidneys, but apoptosis was similar in both genotypes after UUO. Expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines after UUO was down‐regulated in the kidneys from Gadd45β KO mice, whereas UUO‐mediated immune cell infiltration remained unchanged. The expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS stimulation decreased in bone marrow‐derived macrophages from Gadd45β KO mice compared with that in WT mice. Importantly, UUO‐induced renal fibrosis was ameliorated in Gadd45β KO mice unlike in WT mice. Gadd45β was involved in TGF‐β signalling pathway regulation in kidney fibroblasts. Our findings demonstrate that Gadd45β plays a crucial role in renal injury and may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Je Moon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Song J, Liu J, Luo J, Zhang Q, Xia Y, Shao Q, Sun C, Jiang C, Zhang M, Zhu W. A modified relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Ren Fail 2020; 41:497-506. [PMID: 31215300 PMCID: PMC6586099 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1624263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To improve the mouse model of relief for unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) and explore the pathological process of renal fibrosis after the obstruction was relieved. Methods: C57BL/6 mice in model group were randomly divided into RUUO group, improved RUUO group, and UUO group. After leaving Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) for 3 days, the obstruction was released by reimplantation way in RUUO group and in reimplantation + catheter way in improved RUUO group. C57BL/6 mice in observation group were randomly divided into 1d RUUO group, 3d RUUO group, 7d RUUO group, and 14d RUUO group. Three days after UUO, the obstruction was released by reimplantation + catheter in four groups. We detected the renal volume, H&E, Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry of kidney pathology on the seventh day after RUUO in model group and on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after RUUO in observation group. Results: Comparing with mice in RUUO group, mice in improved RUUO group had lower renal volume, tubular damage score, and collagen area percentage. After the obstruction was relieved, the renal volume decreased gradually within 2 weeks. The tubular damage score in 7d RUUO group was lower than that in 1d RUUO and 3d RUUO group. However, the tubular damage score in 14d RUUO group was higher than that in 7d RUUO group. The tendency of collagen area percentage and α-SMA IOD value were consistent with the tubular damage score. Conclusions: Using the method of reimplantation + catheter, a reliable mice model of RUUO can be got. After RUUO, the de-obstructed kidneys are still in damage and fibrosis state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- a Department of Nephrology , The Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jing Liu
- b Drum Tower Hospital , Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Jia Luo
- b Drum Tower Hospital , Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Qingyan Zhang
- b Drum Tower Hospital , Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- b Drum Tower Hospital , Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Qiuyuan Shao
- b Drum Tower Hospital , Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Cheng Sun
- b Drum Tower Hospital , Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Chunming Jiang
- b Drum Tower Hospital , Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Miao Zhang
- a Department of Nephrology , The Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Drum Tower Hospital , Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
| | - Wei Zhu
- a Department of Nephrology , The Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b Drum Tower Hospital , Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , China
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Assumção R, Pereira-Sampaio M, Sampaio F, de Souza D. Does a Ureteral Obstruction Affect the Contralateral Kidney Morphology? A Stereological Analysis in a Rodent Model. Urol Int 2018; 100:327-332. [DOI: 10.1159/000486760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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