1
|
YAMAGISHI N, KYOUI D, MORIYA N, AOKI-YOSHIDA A, GOTO T, TOYODA A, IPPOUSHI K, MAEDA-YAMAMOTO M, TAKAYAMA Y, SUZUKI C. Effects of subchronic and mild social defeat stress on the intestinal microbiota and fecal bile acid composition in mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:260-266. [PMID: 38966043 PMCID: PMC11220325 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in both the pathogenesis and alleviation of host depression by modulating the brain-gut axis. We have developed a murine model of human depression called the subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) model, which impacts not only behavior but also the host gut microbiota and gut metabolites, including bile acids. In this study, we utilized liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to explore the effects of sCSDS on the mouse fecal bile acid profile. sCSDS mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) in fecal extracts, leading to a notable increase in total bile acids and 7α-dehydroxylated secondary bile acids. Consequently, a noteworthy negative correlation was identified between the abundances of DCA and LCA and the social interaction score, an indicator of susceptibility in stressed mice. Furthermore, analysis of the colonic microbiome unveiled a negative correlation between the abundance of CDCA and Turicibacter. Additionally, DCA and LCA exhibited positive correlations with Oscillospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae but negative correlations with the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. These findings suggest that sCSDS impacts the bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and bile acids and is associated with reduced social interaction, a behavioral indicator of susceptibility in stressed mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko YAMAGISHI
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical
University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Daisuke KYOUI
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa,
Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naoko MORIYA
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ayako AOKI-YOSHIDA
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko GOTO
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical
University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University
of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki
300-0393 Japan
| | - Atsushi TOYODA
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki
300-0393 Japan
- Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and
Medical Science (IUCAM), Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiharu TAKAYAMA
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
- Institute of Food Research, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642
Japan
| | - Chise SUZUKI
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa,
Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoshida Y, Yajima Y, Kawakami K, Nakamura SI, Tsukahara T, Oishi K, Toyoda A. Salivary microRNA and Metabolic Profiles in a Mouse Model of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214479. [PMID: 36430957 PMCID: PMC9692636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of early biomarkers of stress is important for preventing mood and anxiety disorders. Saliva is an easy-to-collect and non-invasive diagnostic target. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in salivary whole microRNAs (miRNAs) and metabolites in mice subjected to subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS). In this study, we identified seven upregulated and one downregulated miRNAs/PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) in the saliva of sCSDS mice. One of them, miR-208b-3p, which is reported as a reliable marker for myocardial infarction, was upregulated in the saliva of sCSDS mice. Histological analysis showed frequent myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the heart of such mice. In addition, gene ontology and pathway analyses suggested that the pathways related to energy metabolism, such as the oxidative phosphorylation and the pentose phosphate pathway, were significantly related to the miRNAs affected by sCSDS in saliva. In contrast, salivary metabolites were not significantly changed in the sCSDS mice, which is consistent with our previous metabolomic study on the plasma of sCSDS mice. Taken in the light of previous studies, the present study provides novel potential stress biomarkers for future diagnosis using saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshida
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Mito 300-0393, Japan
| | - Yuhei Yajima
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Mito 300-0393, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kina Kawakami
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Mito 300-0393, Japan
| | | | | | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Mito 300-0393, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-888-8584; Fax: +81-29-888-8584
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fujikawa R, Jinno S. Identification of hyper-ramified microglia in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus potentially associated with stress resilience. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5137-5153. [PMID: 36017697 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that some individuals are less affected by stress, and such individuals are called resilient. This study aimed to determine whether the specific phenotype of microglia might be involved in resilience using the social defeat stress paradigm. Male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were attacked by aggressive male ICR mice for five consecutive days. After stress exposure, the social behaviour was reduced in about half of the B6 mice (vulnerable), whereas no such change was observed in the remaining half of the B6 mice (resilient). Anxiety-like behaviour was increased in vulnerable mice compared with resilient mice and non-stressed controls. However, depression-related behaviour was comparable between the three groups. The morphological characteristics of microglia in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in non-stressed controls and resilient mice differed from those in vulnerable mice. Interestingly, the voxel densities of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic puncta colocalized with microglia were higher in resilient mice than in non-stressed controls and vulnerable mice. Microglia were then objectively classified into three morphological types by hierarchical cluster analysis. The appearance of type I microglia resembled the so-called resting ramified microglia and represented the major population of microglia in non-stressed controls. Type II microglia exhibited a de-ramified morphology and accounted for 60% of the microglia in vulnerable mice. Type III microglia showed a hyper-ramified morphology and represented more than half of the microglia in resilient mice. These results suggest that hyper-ramified microglia in the hippocampus may be associated with stress resilience via the modulation of synaptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schirmer C, Abboud MA, Lee SC, Bass JS, Mazumder AG, Kamen JL, Krishnan V. Home-cage behavior in the Stargazer mutant mouse. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12801. [PMID: 35896608 PMCID: PMC9329369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In many childhood-onset genetic epilepsies, seizures are accompanied by neurobehavioral impairments and motor disability. In the Stargazer mutant mouse, genetic disruptions of Cacng2 result in absence-like spike-wave seizures, cerebellar gait ataxia and vestibular dysfunction, which limit traditional approaches to behavioral phenotyping. Here, we combine videotracking and instrumented home-cage monitoring to resolve the neurobehavioral facets of the murine Stargazer syndrome. We find that despite their gait ataxia, stargazer mutants display horizontal hyperactivity and variable rates of repetitive circling behavior. While feeding rhythms, circadian or ultradian oscillations in activity are unchanged, mutants exhibit fragmented bouts of behaviorally defined "sleep", atypical licking dynamics and lowered sucrose preference. Mutants also display an attenuated response to visual and auditory home-cage perturbations, together with profound reductions in voluntary wheel-running. Our results reveal that the seizures and ataxia of Stargazer mutants occur in the context of a more pervasive behavioral syndrome with elements of encephalopathy, repetitive behavior and anhedonia. These findings expand our understanding of the function of Cacng2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Schirmer
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza St, Neurosensory BCM: MS NB302, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mark A Abboud
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza St, Neurosensory BCM: MS NB302, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Samuel C Lee
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza St, Neurosensory BCM: MS NB302, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John S Bass
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza St, Neurosensory BCM: MS NB302, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arindam G Mazumder
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza St, Neurosensory BCM: MS NB302, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jessica L Kamen
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza St, Neurosensory BCM: MS NB302, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vaishnav Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza St, Neurosensory BCM: MS NB302, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effect of Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 Supplementation on Psychosocial Stress Using a Sub-Chronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050970. [PMID: 35267944 PMCID: PMC8912754 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the accumulation of knowledge on the relation between psychological stress and gut microbiota, there is growing interest in controlling stress and/or mood disorders via probiotic supplementation. We aimed to examine the effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 (TMC3115) supplementation using a sub-chronic and mild social defeat stress murine model in this study. TM3115 supplementation maintained body weight gain and alleviated a polydipsia-like symptom induced by the stress. In the analyses of fecal and cecal bacterial profiles, expansions of Proteobacteria in stressed mice and increases in Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium in mice supplemented with TMC3115 were observed. There was no marked difference in the diversity of cecal bacteria between the tested mice. Elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were observed in the stressed mice, while TMC3115 only reduced the IL-6 level. These findings suggest that TMC3115 supplementation confers tolerance to psychosocial stress in the host through modulation of the gut microbiota and alleviation of stress-induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, it may be expected to exert prevention and treatment of disorders related to peripheral IL-6, including depression.
Collapse
|
6
|
Phytoestrogen genistein modulates neuron-microglia signaling in a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress. Neuropharmacology 2022; 206:108941. [PMID: 34990615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells in the brain, are shown to mediate the crosstalk between psychological stress and depression. Interestingly, increasing evidence indicates that sex hormones, particularly estrogen, are involved in the regulation of immune system. In this study, we aimed to understand the potential effects of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and genistein (GEN), an estrogenic compound of the plant origin, on neuron-microglia interactions in the mouse hippocampus. The time spent in the avoidance zone in the social interaction test was increased by CSDS 1 day after the exposure, while the avoidance behavior returned to control levels 14 days after the CSDS exposure. Similar results were obtained from the elevated plus-maze test. However, the immobility time in the forced swim test was increased by CSDS 14 days after the exposure, and the depression-related behavior was in part alleviated by GEN. The numerical densities of microglia in the hippocampus were increased by CSDS, and they were decreased by GEN. The voxel densities of synaptic structures and synaptic puncta colocalized with microglia were decreased by CSDS, and they were increased by GEN. Neither CSDS nor GEN affected the gene expressions of major pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the expression levels of genes related to neurotrophic factors were decreased by CSDS, and they were partially reversed by GEN. These findings show that GEN may in part alleviate stress-related symptoms, and the effects of GEN may be associated with the modulation of neuron-microglia signaling via chemokines and neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dos Santos Guilherme M, Tsoutsouli T, Todorov H, Teifel S, Nguyen VTT, Gerber S, Endres K. N 6 -Methyladenosine Modification in Chronic Stress Response Due to Social Hierarchy Positioning of Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705986. [PMID: 34490254 PMCID: PMC8417747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriately responding to stressful events is essential for maintaining health and well-being of any organism. Concerning social stress, the response is not always as straightforward as reacting to physical stressors, e.g., extreme heat, and thus has to be balanced subtly. Particularly, regulatory mechanisms contributing to gaining resilience in the face of mild social stress are not fully deciphered yet. We employed an intrinsic social hierarchy stress paradigm in mice of both sexes to identify critical factors for potential coping strategies. While global transcriptomic changes could not be observed in male mice, several genes previously reported to be involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and anxiety-like behavior were differentially regulated in female mice. Moreover, changes in N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-modification of mRNA occurred associated with corticosterone level in both sexes with, e.g., increased global amount in submissive female mice. In accordance with this, METTL14 and WTAP, subunits of the methyltransferase complex, showed elevated levels in submissive female mice. N6-adenosyl-methylation is the most prominent type of mRNA methylation and plays a crucial role in processes such as metabolism, but also response to physical stress. Our findings underpin its essential role by also providing a link to social stress evoked by hierarchy building within same-sex groups. As recently, search for small molecule modifiers for the respective class of RNA modifying enzymes has started, this might even lead to new therapeutic approaches against stress disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malena Dos Santos Guilherme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Theodora Tsoutsouli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hristo Todorov
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sina Teifel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vu Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Role of Social Stress in the Development of Inhibitory Control Deficit: A Systematic Review in Preclinical Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094953. [PMID: 34066570 PMCID: PMC8124175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control deficit and impulsivity and compulsivity behaviours are present in different psychopathological disorders such as addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorders and schizophrenia, among others. Social relationships in humans and animals are governed by social organization rules, which modulate inhibitory control and coping strategies against stress. Social stress is associated with compulsive alcohol and drug use, pointing towards a determining factor in an increased vulnerability to inhibitory control deficit. The goal of the present review is to assess the implication of social stress and dominance on the vulnerability to develop impulsive and/or compulsive spectrum disorders, with the aid of the information provided by animal models. A systematic search strategy was carried out on the PubMed and Web of Science databases, and the most relevant information was structured in the text and tables. A total of 34 studies were recruited in the qualitative synthesis. The results show the role of social stress and dominance in increased drug and alcohol use, aggressive and impulsive behaviour. Moreover, the revised studies support the role of Dopaminergic (DA) activity and the alterations in the dopaminergic D1/D2 receptors as key factors in the development of inhibitory control deficit by social stress.
Collapse
|
9
|
Toyoda A. Nutritional interventions for promoting stress resilience: Recent progress using psychosocial stress models of rodents. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13478. [PMID: 33140549 PMCID: PMC7757237 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of stress‐induced adverse effects is important for animals and humans to maintain their quality of life (QOL). Stress decreases the productivity of farm animals and induces abnormal behaviors, which is one of the major problems in animal welfare. In humans, stress increases the risk of mental illness which adversely impacts QOL. Stress is, thus, a common health problem for both animals and humans, and stress prevention and promotion of stress resilience could improve animal and human health and QOL. Among various stresses, psychosocial stress experienced by individuals is particularly difficult to prevent and it could, thus, prove beneficial to attempt to increase resilience to psychosocial stress. There exist a few critical interventions for promoting such resilience, environmental enrichment being one. However, this review describes recent progress in nutritional interventions that could confer resilience to psychosocial stress. The efficacy of this intervention is studied in the social defeat model mouse, which is a standard model for studying psychosocial stress. Several nutrients were found to rescue stress vulnerability using the models. Furthermore, probiotics and prebiotics became crucial dietary interventions for combating psychosocial stress. Collectively, dietary intake of appropriate nutrients will be more important for maintaining QOL in animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Toyoda
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-city, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhandapani PK, Lyyski AM, Paulin L, Khan NA, Suomalainen A, Auvinen P, Dufour E, Szibor M, Jacobs HT. Phenotypic effects of dietary stress in combination with a respiratory chain bypass in mice. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14159. [PMID: 31267687 PMCID: PMC6606514 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The alternative oxidase (AOX) from Ciona intestinalis was previously shown to be expressible in mice and to cause no physiological disturbance under unstressed conditions. Because AOX is known to become activated under some metabolic stress conditions, resulting in altered energy balance, we studied its effects in mice subjected to dietary stress. Wild‐type mice (Mus musculus, strain C57BL/6JOlaHsd) fed a high‐fat or ketogenic (high‐fat, low‐carbohydrate) diet show weight gain with increased fat mass, as well as loss of performance, compared with chow‐fed animals. Unexpectedly, AOX‐expressing mice fed on these metabolically stressful, fat‐rich diets showed almost indistinguishable patterns of weight gain and altered body composition as control animals. Cardiac performance was impaired to a similar extent by ketogenic diet in AOX mice as in nontransgenic littermates. AOX and control animals fed on ketogenic diet both showed wide variance in weight gain. Analysis of the gut microbiome in stool revealed a strong correlation with diet, rather than with genotype. The microbiome of the most and least obese outliers reared on the ketogenic diet showed no consistent trends compared with animals of normal body weight. We conclude that AOX expression in mice does not modify physiological responses to extreme diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Dhandapani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annina M Lyyski
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nahid A Khan
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eric Dufour
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marten Szibor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Toyoda A. Social defeat models in animal science: What we have learned from rodent models. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:944-952. [PMID: 28436163 PMCID: PMC5518448 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies on stress and its impacts on animals are very important in many fields of science, including animal science, because various stresses influence animal production and animal welfare. In particular, the social stresses within animal groups have profound impact on animals, with the potential to induce abnormal behaviors and health problems. In humans, social stress induces several health problems, including psychiatric disorders. In animal stress models, social defeat models are well characterized and used in various research fields, particularly in studies concerning mental disorders. Recently, we have focused on behavior, nutrition and metabolism in rodent models of social defeat to elucidate how social stresses affect animals. In this review, recent significant progress in studies related to animal social defeat models are described. In the field of animal science, these stress models may contribute to advances in the development of functional foods and in the management of animal welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Toyoda
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan.,Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical Science (IUCAM), Ami, Ibaraki, Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-city, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Goto T, Tomonaga S, Toyoda A. Effects of Diet Quality and Psychosocial Stress on the Metabolic Profiles of Mice. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1857-1867. [PMID: 28332841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in relationship between stress and diet. To address this relationship, we evaluated an animal model of depression: male C57BL/6J mice subjected to subchronic mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) for 10 consecutive days using male ICR mice under two different calorie-adjusted diets conditions-nonpurified (MF) and semipurified (AIN) diets made from natural and chemical ingredients mainly, respectively. Our previous study indicates that diet quality and purity affect stress susceptibility in sCSDS mice. We therefore hypothesized that there are some key peripheral metabolites to change stress-susceptible behavior. GC-MS metabolomics of plasma, liver, and cecal content were performed on four test groups: sCSDS + AIN diet (n = 7), sCSDS + MF diet (n = 6), control (no sCSDS) + AIN diet (n = 8), and control + MF diet (n = 8). Metabolome analyses revealed that the number of metabolites changed by food was larger than the number changed by stress in all tissues. Enrichment analysis of the liver metabolite set altered by food implies that stress-susceptible mice show increased glycolysis-related substrates in the liver. We found metabolites that were affected by stress (e.g., plasma and liver 4-hydroxyproline and plasma beta-alanine are higher in sCSDS than in control) and a stress × food interaction (e.g., plasma GABA is lower in sCSDS + AIN than in sCSDS + MF). Because functional compounds were altered by both stress and food, diet may be able to attenuate various stress-induced symptoms by changing metabolites in peripheral tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Goto
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University , Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.,Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical Science (IUCAM) , Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Shozo Tomonaga
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University , Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.,Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical Science (IUCAM) , Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu-city, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aoki-Yoshida A, Aoki R, Moriya N, Goto T, Kubota Y, Toyoda A, Takayama Y, Suzuki C. Omics Studies of the Murine Intestinal Ecosystem Exposed to Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3126-38. [PMID: 27482843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the development of stress-induced mental disorders. We previously established the subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) model, a murine experimental model of depression, and investigated the metabolomic profiles of plasma and liver. Here we used omics approaches to identify stress-induced changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Mice exposed to sCSDS for 10 days showed the following changes: (1) elevation of cholic acid and reduction of 5-aminovaleric acid among cecal metabolites; (2) downregulation of genes involved in the immune response in the terminal ileum; (3) a shift in the diversity of the microbiota in cecal contents and feces; and (4) fluctuations in the concentrations of cecal metabolites produced by gut microbiota reflected in plasma and hepatic metabolites. Operational taxonomic units within the family Lachnospiraceae showed an inverse correlation with certain metabolites. The social interaction score correlated with cecal metabolites, IgA, and cecal and fecal microbiota, suggesting that sCSDS suppressed the ileal immune response, altering the balance of microbiota, which together with host cells and host enzymes resulted in a pattern of accumulated metabolites in the intestinal ecosystem distinct from that of control mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Aoki-Yoshida
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Reiji Aoki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Naoko Moriya
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Goto
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University , Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.,Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical Science (IUCAM) , Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kubota
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University , Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University , Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.,Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical Science (IUCAM) , Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu-city, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Takayama
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Chise Suzuki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Goto T, Tomonaga S, Okayama T, Toyoda A. Murine Depression Model and its Potential Applications for Discovering Foods and Farm Products with Antidepressant-Like Effects. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:72. [PMID: 26973450 PMCID: PMC4771721 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced societies face increased health problems related to various stresses. Chronic psychological stress is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders such as depression. Although therapeutic agents reduce several symptoms of depression, most have side effects in a broad range of the population. Furthermore, some victims of depression do not show significant improvement with any drugs, so alternative approaches are needed. Good dietary habits may potentially reduce depressive symptoms, but there is little scientific evidence thus far. Murine depression models are useful to test nutritional approaches in vivo. Our model mice subjected to a subchronic mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) paradigm show several alterations in physiological parameters and social behavior. These stress-induced symptoms in sCSDS mice can be used as cues to identify antidepressant-like natural resources including foods and farm products. We previously discovered that sCSDS mice show more vulnerability to social stress by changing dietary condition. In addition, we developed a more objective system for analyzing mouse behavior using a 3D depth-sensing camera to understand relationships between diet and behavior. The combination of sCSDS mice with 3D behavioral analysis is a powerful method for screening ingredients in foods and farm products for antidepressant-like effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Goto
- Department of Biological Production Science, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki UniversityAmi, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Biological Production Science, Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical ScienceAmi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shozo Tomonaga
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Okayama
- Department of Biological Production Science, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki UniversityAmi, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Biological Production Science, Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical ScienceAmi, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Biological Production Science, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki UniversityAmi, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Biological Production Science, Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical ScienceAmi, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|