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Vafaei S, Roudi R, Madjd Z, Aref AR, Ebrahimi M. Potential theranostics of circulating tumor cells and tumor-derived exosomes application in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:288. [PMID: 32655320 PMCID: PMC7339440 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At the present time, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still known as a disease with a high mortality rate. Theranostics are flawless scenarios that link diagnosis with therapy, including precision medicine as a critical platform that relies on the development of biomarkers particularly “liquid biopsy”. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) in a liquid biopsy approach are of substantial importance in comparison with traditional ones, which cannot generally be performed to determine the dynamics of the tumor due to its wide restriction of range. Thus, recent attempts has shifted towards minimally noninvasive methods. Main text CTCs and TDEs, as significant signals emitted from the tumor microenvironment, which are also detectable in the blood, prove themselves to be promising novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction. The therapeutic potential of them is still limited, and studies are at its infancy. One of the major challenges for the implementation of CTCs and TDEs which are new trends in translational medicine is the development of isolation and characterization; a standardizable approach. This review highlights and discusses the current challenges to find the bio fluids application in CRC early detection and clinical management. Conclusion Taken together, CTCs and TDEs as silent drivers of metastasis can serve in the management of cancer patient treatment and it is of the upmost importance to expand our insight into this subject. However, due to the limited data available from clinical trials, further validations are required before addressing their putative application in oncology.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Vafaei
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Horvath AN, Holenstein CN, Silvan U, Snedeker JG. The Protein Mat(ters)-Revealing the Biologically Relevant Mechanical Contribution of Collagen- and Fibronectin-Coated Micropatterns. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41791-41798. [PMID: 31589401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding cell-material interactions requires accurate characterization of the substrate mechanics, which are generally measured by indentation-type atomic force microscopy. To facilitate cell-substrate interaction, model extracellular matrix coatings are used although their tensile mechanical properties are generally unknown. In this study, beyond standard compressive stiffness estimation, we performed a novel tensile mechanical characterization of collagen- and fibronectin-micropatterned polyacrylamide hydrogels. We further demonstrate the impact of the protein mat on the tensile stiffness characterization of adherent cells. To our knowledge, our study is the first to uncover direction-dependent mechanical behavior of the protein coatings and to demonstrate that it affects cellular response relative to substrate mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron N Horvath
- Biomechanics Laboratory , University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich , 8008 Zurich , Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics , ETH Zurich , 8008 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Claude N Holenstein
- Biomechanics Laboratory , University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich , 8008 Zurich , Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics , ETH Zurich , 8008 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Unai Silvan
- Biomechanics Laboratory , University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich , 8008 Zurich , Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics , ETH Zurich , 8008 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Biomechanics Laboratory , University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich , 8008 Zurich , Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics , ETH Zurich , 8008 Zurich , Switzerland
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3
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Lendenmann T, Schneider T, Dumas J, Tarini M, Giampietro C, Bajpai A, Chen W, Gerber J, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A, Panozzo D. Cellogram: On-the-Fly Traction Force Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6742-6750. [PMID: 31538794 PMCID: PMC11157582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Traction force microscopy (TFM) derives maps of cell-generated forces, typically in the nanonewton range, transmitted to the extracellular environment upon actuation of complex biological processes. In traditional approaches, force rendering requires a terminal, time-consuming step of cell deadhesion to obtain a reference image. A conceptually opposite approach is provided by reference-free methods, opening to the on-the-fly generation of force maps from an ongoing experiment. This requires an image processing algorithm keeping the pace of the biological phenomena under investigation. Here, we introduce an integrated software pipeline rendering force maps from single reference-free TFM images seconds to minutes after their acquisition. The algorithm tackles image processing, reference image estimation, and finite element analysis as a single problem, yielding a robust and fully automatic solution. The method's capabilities are demonstrated in two applications. First, the mechanical annihilation of cancer cells is monitored as a function of rising environmental temperature, setting a population threshold at 45 °C. Second, the fast temporal correlation of forces produced across individual cells is used to map physically connected adhesion points, yielding typical lengths that vary as a function of the cell cycle phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lendenmann
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies and #Institute for Mechanical Systems , ETH Zurich , Zurich 8092 , Switzerland
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Teseo Schneider
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Jérémie Dumas
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
- nTopology , New York 10013 , United States
| | - Marco Tarini
- Department of Computer Science , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , EMPA , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | - Apratim Bajpai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , New York University , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , New York University , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Julia Gerber
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies and #Institute for Mechanical Systems , ETH Zurich , Zurich 8092 , Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies and #Institute for Mechanical Systems , ETH Zurich , Zurich 8092 , Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies and #Institute for Mechanical Systems , ETH Zurich , Zurich 8092 , Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , EMPA , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | - Daniele Panozzo
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
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4
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Sao K, Jones TM, Doyle AD, Maity D, Schevzov G, Chen Y, Gunning PW, Petrie RJ. Myosin II governs intracellular pressure and traction by distinct tropomyosin-dependent mechanisms. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1170-1181. [PMID: 30865560 PMCID: PMC6724525 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) substrate rigidity promotes myosin II activity to increase traction force in a process negatively regulated by tropomyosin (Tpm) 2.1. We recently discovered that actomyosin contractility can increase intracellular pressure and switch tumor cells from low-pressure lamellipodia to high-pressure lobopodial protrusions during three-dimensional (3D) migration. However, it remains unclear whether these myosin II–generated cellular forces are produced simultaneously, and by the same molecular machinery. Here we identify Tpm 1.6 as a positive regulator of intracellular pressure and confirm that Tpm 2.1 is a negative regulator of traction force. We find that Tpm 1.6 and 2.1 can control intracellular pressure and traction independently, suggesting these myosin II–dependent forces are generated by distinct mechanisms. Further, these tropomyosin-regulated mechanisms can be integrated to control complex cell behaviors on 2D and in 3D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimheak Sao
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tia M Jones
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Debonil Maity
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Galina Schevzov
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ryan J Petrie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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5
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Holenstein CN, Horvath A, Schär B, Schoenenberger AD, Bollhalder M, Goedecke N, Bartalena G, Otto O, Herbig M, Guck J, Müller DA, Snedeker JG, Silvan U. The relationship between metastatic potential and in vitro mechanical properties of osteosarcoma cells. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:887-898. [PMID: 30785850 PMCID: PMC6589788 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-08-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary tumor of bone and is characterized by its high tendency to metastasize in lungs. Although treatment in cases of early diagnosis results in a 5-yr survival rate of nearly 60%, the prognosis for patients with secondary lesions at diagnosis is poor, and their 5-yr survival rate remains below 30%. In the present work, we have used a number of analytical methods to investigate the impact of increased metastatic potential on the biophysical properties and force generation of osteosarcoma cells. With that aim, we used two paired osteosarcoma cell lines, with each one comprising a parental line with low metastatic potential and its experimentally selected, highly metastatic form. Mechanical characterization was performed by means of atomic force microscopy, tensile biaxial deformation, and real-time deformability, and cell traction was measured using two-dimensional and micropost-based traction force microscopy. Our results reveal that the low metastatic osteosarcoma cells display larger spreading sizes and generate higher forces than the experimentally selected, highly malignant variants. In turn, the outcome of cell stiffness measurements strongly depends on the method used and the state of the probed cell, indicating that only a set of phenotyping methods provides the full picture of cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude N Holenstein
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aron Horvath
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Schär
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Angelina D Schoenenberger
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Bollhalder
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Goedecke
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Bartalena
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Otto
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz, Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maik Herbig
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel A Müller
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Unai Silvan
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Nandi S, Sproul EP, Nellenbach K, Erb M, Gaffney L, Freytes DO, Brown AC. Platelet-like particles dynamically stiffen fibrin matrices and improve wound healing outcomes. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:669-682. [PMID: 30608063 PMCID: PMC6385160 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Native platelets perform several critical functions within the context of wound healing, including participating in initial hemostasis and interacting with fibrin at the wound site to induce clot retraction. Platelet depletion or dysfunction due to trauma or disease can inhibit robust wound healing responses. There has been a focus recently on developing synthetic, non-immunogenic platelet mimetic technologies for the purpose of augmenting hemostatic responses in cases of deficient native platelet functionality. Here we describe the application of synthetic platelet-like particles (PLPs), capable of recapitulating the deformable platelet body and fibrin specificity found in native platelets, to enhance healing outcomes. We first demonstrate PLPs mimic activated platelet morphology and induce fibrin clot retraction. During clot retraction, native platelets generate forces within a fibrin network to stiffen the fibrin matrix; therefore, we hypothesized that our PLPs will likewise be able to stiffen provisional fibrin matrices. Due to previous studies indicating that increased matrix stiffness is linked to increased cellular migration, we further hypothesize that PLP-mediated fibrin stiffening will enhance cell migration and improve healing outcomes within in vitro and in vivo models of wound healing. PLPs were found to enhance fibroblast migration in in vitro models of early wound healing and enhance healing outcomes in an in vivo murine model of wound healing. These studies demonstrate the utility of PLPs for enhancing wound repair and also provide insight into the role of native platelet-mediated clot retraction in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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7
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Pushkarsky I, Tseng P, Black D, France B, Warfe L, Koziol-White CJ, Jester WF, Trinh RK, Lin J, Scumpia PO, Morrison SL, Panettieri RA, Damoiseaux R, Di Carlo D. Elastomeric sensor surfaces for high-throughput single-cell force cytometry. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:124-137. [PMID: 31015629 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As cells with aberrant force-generating phenotypes can directly lead to disease, cellular force-generation mechanisms are high-value targets for new therapies. Here, we show that single-cell force sensors embedded in elastomers enable single-cell force measurements with ~100-fold improvement in throughput than was previously possible. The microtechnology is scalable and seamlessly integrates with the multi-well plate format, enabling highly parallelized time-course studies. In this regard, we show that airway smooth muscle cells isolated from fatally asthmatic patients have innately greater and faster force-generation capacity in response to stimulation than healthy control cells. By simultaneously tracing agonist-induced calcium flux and contractility in the same cell, we show that the calcium level is ultimately a poor quantitative predictor of cellular force generation. Finally, by quantifying phagocytic forces in thousands of individual human macrophages, we show that force initiation is a digital response (rather than a proportional one) to the proper immunogen. By combining mechanobiology at the single-cell level with high-throughput capabilities, this microtechnology can support drug-discovery efforts for clinical conditions associated with aberrant cellular force generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pushkarsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Tseng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Black
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bryan France
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lyndon Warfe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William F Jester
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ryan K Trinh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip O Scumpia
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sherie L Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medicinal Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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