1
|
Upadhyay A, Tsamchoe M, Tran SD. Salivary Organotypic Tissue Culture: An Ex-vivo 3D Model for Studying Radiation-Induced Injury of Human Salivary Glands. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2749:39-54. [PMID: 38133772 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3609-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
An organotypic tissue culture model can maintain the cellular and molecular interactions, as well as the extracellular components of a tissue ex vivo. Thus, this 3D model biologically mimics in vivo conditions better than commonly used 2D culture in vitro models. Here, we provide a detailed workflow for generating live 3D organotypic tissue slices from patient-derived freshly resected salivary glandular tissues. We also cover the processing of these tissues for various downstream applications like live-dead viability/cytotoxicity assay, FFPE sectioning and immunostaining, and RNA and protein extraction with a focus on the salivary gland radiation injury model. These procedures can be applied extensively to various solid organs and used for disease modeling for cancer research, radiation biology, and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Upadhyay
- McGill Laboratory of Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Migmar Tsamchoe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Laboratory of Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yadav N, Purow BW. Understanding current experimental models of glioblastoma-brain microenvironment interactions. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:213-229. [PMID: 38180686 PMCID: PMC11056965 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and devastating primary brain tumor, with median survival of 16-18 months after diagnosis in the setting of substantial resistance to standard-of-care and inevitable tumor recurrence. Recent work has implicated the brain microenvironment as being critical for GBM proliferation, invasion, and resistance to treatment. GBM does not operate in isolation, with neurons, astrocytes, and multiple immune populations being implicated in GBM tumor progression and invasiveness. The goal of this review article is to provide an overview of the available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models for assessing GBM-brain interactions, as well as discuss each model's relative strengths and limitations. Current in vitro models discussed will include 2D and 3D co-culture platforms with various cells of the brain microenvironment, as well as spheroids, whole organoids, and models of fluid dynamics, such as interstitial flow. An overview of in vitro and ex vivo organotypic GBM brain slices is also provided. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the various in vivo rodent models of GBM, including xenografts, syngeneic grafts, and genetically-engineered models of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niket Yadav
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Benjamin W Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Precision-Cut Tumor Slices (PCTS) as an Ex Vivo Model in Immunotherapy Research. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11020026. [PMID: 35466279 PMCID: PMC9036232 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision-cut tumor slices (PCTS) have recently emerged as important ex vivo human tumor models, offering the opportunity to study individual patient responses to targeted immunotherapies, including CAR-T cell therapies. In this review, an outline of different human tumor models available in laboratory settings is provided, with a focus on the unique characteristics of PCTS. Standard PCTS generation and maintenance procedures are outlined, followed by an in-depth overview of PCTS utilization in preclinical research aiming to better understand the unique functional characteristics of cytotoxic T cells within human tumors. Furthermore, recent studies using PCTS as an ex vivo model for predicting patient responses to immunotherapies and other targeted therapies against solid tumors are thoroughly presented. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the PCTS models are discussed. PCTS are expected to gain momentum and be fully utilized as a significant tool towards better patient stratification and personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nogueira GO, Garcez PP, Bardy C, Cunningham MO, Sebollela A. Modeling the Human Brain With ex vivo Slices and in vitro Organoids for Translational Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:838594. [PMID: 35281505 PMCID: PMC8908416 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.838594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna O. Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. Garcez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cedric Bardy
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark O. Cunningham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Adriano Sebollela
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dekker LJM, Verheul C, Wensveen N, Leenders W, Lamfers MLM, Leenstra S, Luider TM. Effects of the IDH1 R132H Mutation on the Energy Metabolism: A Comparison between Tissue and Corresponding Primary Glioma Cell Cultures. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3568-3578. [PMID: 35128264 PMCID: PMC8811756 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The R132H mutation in the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is the most important prognostic factor for the survival of glioma patients. Subsequent studies led to the discovery of a panel of enzymes mainly involved in glutamate anaplerosis and aerobic glycolysis that change in abundance as a result of the IDH1 mutation. To further study these changes, appropriate glioma models are required that accurately mimic in vivo metabolism. To investigate how metabolism is affected by in vitro cell culture, we here compared surgically obtained snap-frozen glioma tissues with their corresponding primary glioma cell culture models with a previously developed targeted mass spectrometry proteomic assay. We determined the relative abundance of a panel of metabolic enzymes. Results confirmed increased glutamate use and decreased aerobic glycolysis in resected IDH1 R132H glioma tissue samples. However, these metabolic profiles were not reflected in the paired glioma primary cell cultures. We suggest that culture conditions and tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in maintaining the in vivo metabolic situation in cell culture models. For this reason, new models that more closely resemble the in vivo microenvironment, such as three-dimensional cell co-cultures or organotypic multicellular spheroid models, need to be developed and investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lennard J M Dekker
- Laboratories of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cassandra Verheul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky Wensveen
- Laboratories of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Laboratories of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical and Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Majc B, Novak M, Kopitar-Jerala N, Jewett A, Breznik B. Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: Current Strategies and Challenges in Tumor Model Development. Cells 2021; 10:265. [PMID: 33572835 PMCID: PMC7912469 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common brain malignant tumor in the adult population, and immunotherapy is playing an increasingly central role in the treatment of many cancers. Nevertheless, the search for effective immunotherapeutic approaches for glioblastoma patients continues. The goal of immunotherapy is to promote tumor eradication, boost the patient's innate and adaptive immune responses, and overcome tumor immune resistance. A range of new, promising immunotherapeutic strategies has been applied for glioblastoma, including vaccines, oncolytic viruses, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cell transfer. However, the main challenges of immunotherapy for glioblastoma are the intracranial location and heterogeneity of the tumor as well as the unique, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Owing to the lack of appropriate tumor models, there are discrepancies in the efficiency of various immunotherapeutic strategies between preclinical studies (with in vitro and animal models) on the one hand and clinical studies (on humans) on the other hand. In this review, we summarize the glioblastoma characteristics that drive tolerance to immunotherapy, the currently used immunotherapeutic approaches against glioblastoma, and the most suitable tumor models to mimic conditions in glioblastoma patients. These models are improving and can more precisely predict patients' responses to immunotherapeutic treatments, either alone or in combination with standard treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (M.N.)
- International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, 39 Jamova ulica, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Nataša Kopitar-Jerala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 39 Jamova ulica, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Generation and biobanking of patient-derived glioblastoma organoids and their application in CAR T cell testing. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:4000-4033. [PMID: 33169003 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma tumors exhibit extensive inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, which has contributed to the poor outcomes of numerous clinical trials and continues to complicate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Most in vitro models do not preserve the cellular and mutational diversity of parent tumors and often require a lengthy generation time with variable efficiency. Here, we describe detailed procedures for generating glioblastoma organoids (GBOs) from surgically resected patient tumor tissue using a chemically defined medium without cell dissociation. By preserving cell-cell interactions and minimizing clonal selection, GBOs maintain the cellular heterogeneity of parent tumors. We include details of how to passage and cryopreserve GBOs for continued use, biobanking and long-term recovery. In addition, we describe procedures for investigating patient-specific responses to immunotherapies by co-culturing GBOs with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. It takes ~2-4 weeks to generate GBOs and 5-7 d to perform CAR T cell co-culture using this protocol. Competence with human cell culture, tissue processing, immunohistology and microscopy is required for optimal results.
Collapse
|
8
|
Contartese D, Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Fini M. Relevance of humanized three-dimensional tumor tissue models: a descriptive systematic literature review. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3913-3944. [PMID: 32285137 PMCID: PMC11104864 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in tumor screening, diagnosis, and treatment, to date, tumors remain one of the leading causes of death, principally due to metastasis and the physiological damage produced by tumor growth. Among the main limits related to the study of tumor physiology there is the complex and heterogeneity nature of its environment and the absence of relevant, simple and inexpensive models able to mimic the biological processes occurring in patients allowing the correct clinical translation of results. To enhance the understanding of the mechanisms of tumors and to develop and evaluate new therapeutic approaches the set-up of advanced and alternative models is mandatory. One of the more translational approaches seems to be the use of humanized three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture. This model allows to accurately mimic tumor morphology and biology, maintaining the native microenvironment without any manipulation. However, little is still known on the real clinical relevance of these models for the study of tumor mechanisms and for the screening of new therapy. The aim of this descriptive systematic literature review was to evaluate and summarize the current knowledge on human 3D tumor tissue culture models. We reviewed the strategies employed by researchers to set-up these systems, also considering the different approaches and culture conditions used. All these aspects greatly contribute to the existing knowledge on tumors, providing a specific link to clinical scenarios and making the humanized 3D tumor tissue models a more attractive tool both for researchers and clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Contartese
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - F Veronesi
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Fini
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soubéran A, Tchoghandjian A. Practical Review on Preclinical Human 3D Glioblastoma Models: Advances and Challenges for Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092347. [PMID: 32825103 PMCID: PMC7563542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen years after the establishment of the Stupp protocol as the standard of care to treat glioblastomas, no major clinical advances have been achieved and increasing patient’s overall survival remains a challenge. Nevertheless, crucial molecular and cellular findings revealed the intra-tumoral and inter-tumoral complexities of these incurable brain tumors, and the essential role played by cells of the microenvironment in the lack of treatment efficacy. Taking this knowledge into account, fulfilling gaps between preclinical models and clinical samples is necessary to improve the successful rate of clinical trials. Since the beginning of the characterization of brain tumors initiated by Bailey and Cushing in the 1920s, several glioblastoma models have been developed and improved. In this review, we focused on the most widely used 3D human glioblastoma models, including spheroids, tumorospheres, organotypic slices, explants, tumoroids and glioblastoma-derived from cerebral organoids. We discuss their history, development and especially their usefulness.
Collapse
|
10
|
Horowitz LF, Rodriguez AD, Dereli-Korkut Z, Lin R, Castro K, Mikheev AM, Monnat RJ, Folch A, Rostomily RC. Multiplexed drug testing of tumor slices using a microfluidic platform. NPJ Precis Oncol 2020; 4:12. [PMID: 32435696 PMCID: PMC7237421 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-0117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to assess the drug response of individual human cancers are often inaccurate, costly, or slow. Functional approaches that rapidly and directly assess the response of patient cancer tissue to drugs or small molecules offer a promising way to improve drug testing, and have the potential to identify the best therapy for individual patients. We developed a digitally manufactured microfluidic platform for multiplexed drug testing of intact cancer slice cultures, and demonstrate the use of this platform to evaluate drug responses in slice cultures from human glioma xenografts and patient tumor biopsies. This approach retains much of the tissue microenvironment and can provide results rapidly enough, within days of surgery, to guide the choice of effective initial therapies. Our results establish a useful preclinical platform for cancer drug testing and development with the potential to improve cancer personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. F. Horowitz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - A. D. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Z. Dereli-Korkut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - K. Castro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - A. M. Mikheev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. J. Monnat
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - A. Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - R. C. Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ye LF, Chaudhary KR, Zandkarimi F, Harken AD, Kinslow CJ, Upadhyayula PS, Dovas A, Higgins DM, Tan H, Zhang Y, Buonanno M, Wang TJC, Hei TK, Bruce JN, Canoll PD, Cheng SK, Stockwell BR. Radiation-Induced Lipid Peroxidation Triggers Ferroptosis and Synergizes with Ferroptosis Inducers. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:469-484. [PMID: 31899616 PMCID: PMC7180072 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although radiation is widely used to treat cancers, resistance mechanisms often develop and involve activation of DNA repair and inhibition of apoptosis. Therefore, compounds that sensitize cancer cells to radiation via alternative cell death pathways are valuable. We report here that ferroptosis, a form of nonapoptotic cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, is partly responsible for radiation-induced cancer cell death. Moreover, we found that small molecules activating ferroptosis through system xc- inhibition or GPX4 inhibition synergize with radiation to induce ferroptosis in several cancer types by enhancing cytoplasmic lipid peroxidation but not increasing DNA damage or caspase activation. Ferroptosis inducers synergized with cytoplasmic irradiation, but not nuclear irradiation. Finally, administration of ferroptosis inducers enhanced the antitumor effect of radiation in a murine xenograft model and in human patient-derived models of lung adenocarcinoma and glioma. These results suggest that ferroptosis inducers may be effective radiosensitizers that can expand the efficacy and range of indications for radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling F. Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New
York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kunal R. Chaudhary
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vagelos College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
10032, USA
| | | | - Andrew D. Harken
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University, Irvington, NY 10533, USA
| | - Connor J. Kinslow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vagelos College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
10032, USA
| | - Pavan S. Upadhyayula
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vagelos College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
10032, USA
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College
of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 St.
Nicholas Ave Rm.1001, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dominique M. Higgins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vagelos College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
10032, USA
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New
York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New
York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Manuela Buonanno
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University, Irvington, NY 10533, USA
| | - Tony J. C. Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vagelos College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia
University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tom K. Hei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vagelos College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia
University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vagelos College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
10032, USA
| | - Peter D. Canoll
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College
of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1130 St.
Nicholas Ave Rm.1001, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia
University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Simon K. Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vagelos College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia
University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brent R. Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New
York, NY 10027, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia
University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY
10027, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Targeted genomic CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies MAP4K4 as essential for glioblastoma invasion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14020. [PMID: 31570734 PMCID: PMC6768851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Among high-grade brain tumors, glioblastoma is particularly difficult to treat, in part due to its highly infiltrative nature which contributes to the malignant phenotype and high mortality in patients. In order to better understand the signaling pathways underlying glioblastoma invasion, we performed the first large-scale CRISPR-Cas9 loss of function screen specifically designed to identify genes that facilitate cell invasion. We tested 4,574 genes predicted to be involved in trafficking and motility. Using a transwell invasion assay, we discovered 33 genes essential for invasion. Of the 11 genes we selected for secondary testing using a wound healing assay, 6 demonstrated a significant decrease in migration. The strongest regulator of invasion was mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MAP4K4). Targeting of MAP4K4 with single guide RNAs or a MAP4K4 inhibitor reduced migration and invasion in vitro. This effect was consistent across three additional patient derived glioblastoma cell lines. Analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in U138 cells with lack or inhibition of MAP4K4 demonstrated protein expression consistent with a non-invasive state. Importantly, MAP4K4 inhibition limited migration in a subset of human glioma organotypic slice cultures. Our results identify MAP4K4 as a novel potential therapeutic target to limit glioblastoma invasion.
Collapse
|
13
|
Alieva M, Leidgens V, Riemenschneider MJ, Klein CA, Hau P, van Rheenen J. Intravital imaging of glioma border morphology reveals distinctive cellular dynamics and contribution to tumor cell invasion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2054. [PMID: 30765850 PMCID: PMC6375955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by highly invasive behavior allowing dissemination and progression. A conclusive image of the invasive process is not available. The aim of this work was to study invasion dynamics in GBM using an innovative in vivo imaging approach. Primary brain tumor initiating cell lines from IDH-wild type GBM stably expressing H2B-Dendra2 were implanted orthotopically in the brains of SCID mice. Using high-resolution time-lapse intravital imaging, tumor cell migration in the tumor core, border and invasive front was recorded. Tumor cell dynamics at different border configurations were analyzed and multivariate linear modelling of tumor cell spreading was performed. We found tumor border configurations, recapitulating human tumor border morphologies. Not only tumor borders but also the tumor core was composed of highly dynamic cells, with no clear correlation to the ability to spread into the brain. Two types of border configurations contributed to tumor cell spreading through distinct invasion patterns: an invasive margin that executes slow but directed invasion, and a diffuse infiltration margin with fast but less directed movement. By providing a more detailed view on glioma invasion patterns, our study may improve accuracy of prognosis and serve as a basis for personalized therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alieva
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Prinses Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Verena Leidgens
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph A Klein
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parker JJ, Canoll P, Niswander L, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Foshay K, Waziri A. Intratumoral heterogeneity of endogenous tumor cell invasive behavior in human glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18002. [PMID: 30573757 PMCID: PMC6301947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity is a widely accepted characteristic of human cancer, including the most common primary malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma. However, the variability in biological behaviors amongst cells within individual tumors is not well described. Invasion into unaffected brain parenchyma is one such behavior, and a leading mechanism of tumor recurrence unaddressed by the current therapeutic armamentarium. Further, providing insight into variability of tumor cell migration within individual tumors may inform discovery of novel anti-invasive therapeutics. In this study, ex vivo organotypic slice cultures from EGFR-wild type and EGFR-amplified patient tumors were treated with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib to evaluate potential sub-population restricted intratumoral drug-specific responses. High-resolution time-lapse microscopy and quantitative path tracking demonstrated migration of individual cells are punctuated by intermittent bursts of movement. Elevation of population aggregate mean speeds were driven by subpopulations of cells exhibiting frequent high-amplitude bursts, enriched within EGFR-amplified tumors. Treatment with gefitinib specifically targeted high-burst cell subpopulations only in EGFR-amplified tumors, decreasing bursting frequency and amplitude. We provide evidence of intratumoral subpopulations of cells with enhanced migratory behavior in human glioblastoma, selectively targeted via EGFR inhibition. These data justify use of direct human tumor slice cultures to investigate patient-specific therapies designed to limit tumor invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon J Parker
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lee Niswander
- University of Colorado, Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - B K Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kara Foshay
- Inova Neuroscience and Spine Institute, Inova Health Systems, Falls Church, VA, USA.
| | - Allen Waziri
- Inova Neuroscience and Spine Institute, Inova Health Systems, Falls Church, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Patar A, Dockery P, Howard L, McMahon S. Analysis of reactive astrocytes and NG2 proteoglycan in ex vivo rat models of spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 311:418-425. [PMID: 30267723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of animals to model spinal cord injury (SCI) requires extensive post-operative care and can be expensive, which makes an alternative model extremely attractive. The use ofex vivo slice cultures is an alternative way to study the pathophysiological changes that can mimic in vivo conditions and support the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) of animal use in SCI research models. NEW METHOD In this study the presence of reactive astrocytes and NG2 proteoglycans was investigated in two ex vivo models of SCI; stab injury and transection injury. Stereological analysis to measure immunohistochemical staining was performed on the scar and injury zones to detect astrocytes and the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan NG2. RESULTS The volume fraction (Vv) of reactive astrocytes and NG2 proteoglycans increased significantly between day 3 and day 10 post injury in both ex vivo models. This data shows how ex vivo SCI models are a useful research tool allowing reduction of research cost and time involved in carrying out animal studies, as well as reducing the numbers of animals used. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD This is the first evidence of an ex vivo stab injury model of SCI and also the first comparison of immunohistochemical staining for injury markers within stab injured and transection injured ex vivo slice cultures. CONCLUSIONS The use of organotypic slice culture models provide a simple way to study the cellular consequences following SCI and they can also be used as a platform for potential therapeutics regimes for the treatment of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azim Patar
- Discipline of Anatomy and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Peter Dockery
- Discipline of Anatomy, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Linda Howard
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Siobhan McMahon
- Discipline of Anatomy and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|