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Jiang C, Xu F, Yi D, Jiang B, Wang R, Wu L, Ding H, Qin J, Lee Y, Sang J, Shi X, Su L. Testosterone promotes the migration, invasion and EMT process of papillary thyroid carcinoma by up-regulating Tnnt1. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:149-166. [PMID: 37477865 PMCID: PMC10776714 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the key genes and molecular pathways in the progression of thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) promoted by testosterone using RNA-sequencing technology, and to provide new drug targets for improving the therapeutic effect of PTC. METHODS Orchiectomy (ORX) was carried out to construct ORX mouse models. TPC-1 cells were subcutaneously injected for PTC formation in mice, and the tumor tissues were collected for RNA-seq. The key genes were screened by bioinformatics technology. Tnnt1 expression in PTC cells was knocked down or overexpressed by transfection. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, scratch assay and transwell assay were adopted, respectively, for the detection of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. Besides, quantification real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were utilized to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of genes in tissues or cells. RESULTS Both estradiol and testosterone promoted the growth of PTC xenografts. The key gene Tnnt1 was screened and obtained by bioinformatics technology. Functional analysis revealed that overexpression of Tnnt1 could markedly promote the proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of PTC cells, as well as could activate p38/JNK pathway. In addition, si-Tnt1 was able to inhibit the cancer-promoting effect of testosterone. CONCLUSION Based on the outcomes of bioinformatics and basic experiments, it is found that testosterone can promote malignant behaviors such as growth, migration, invasion and EMT process of PTC by up-regulating Tnnt1 expression. In addition, the function of testosterone may be achieved by activating p38/JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jiang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Yi
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Wang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Wu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Lee
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Sang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - X Shi
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Su
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Rowe AA, Issioui Y, Johnny B, Wert KJ. Murine Orchiectomy and Ovariectomy to Reduce Sex Hormone Production. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64379. [PMID: 38047564 PMCID: PMC10868640 DOI: 10.3791/64379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone signaling plays a critical role in multiple organ systems as well as in the progression of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disease. The manipulation of sex hormone levels in the murine model system allows for the study of their impact on organs/tissues and within disease progression. Orchiectomy - the surgical removal of the testes - and ovariectomy - the surgical removal of the ovaries - provide a method to deplete the endogenous sex hormones so that the precise hormone levels can be provided through drug or other delivery methods. Here, we provide rapid and minimally invasive methods for both orchiectomy and ovariectomy in the murine model system for the reduction of sex hormones. This protocol details the surgical preparation and excision of the testes through the scrotal sac, and excision of the ovaries via two incisions in the right and left lateral dorsum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Yacine Issioui
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | - Katherine J Wert
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center;
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3
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Triscott J, Reist M, Küng L, Moselle FC, Lehner M, Gallon J, Ravi A, Arora GK, de Brot S, Lundquist M, Gallart-Ayala H, Ivanisevic J, Piscuoglio S, Cantley LC, Emerling BM, Rubin MA. PI5P4Kα supports prostate cancer metabolism and exposes a survival vulnerability during androgen receptor inhibition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8641. [PMID: 36724278 PMCID: PMC9891700 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI)regulating enzymes are frequently altered in cancer and have become a focus for drug development. Here, we explore the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinases (PI5P4K), a family of lipid kinases that regulate pools of intracellular PI, and demonstrate that the PI5P4Kα isoform influences androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which supports prostate cancer (PCa) cell survival. The regulation of PI becomes increasingly important in the setting of metabolic stress adaptation of PCa during androgen deprivation (AD), as we show that AD influences PI abundance and enhances intracellular pools of PI-4,5-P2. We suggest that this PI5P4Kα-AR relationship is mitigated through mTORC1 dysregulation and show that PI5P4Kα colocalizes to the lysosome, the intracellular site of mTORC1 complex activation. Notably, this relationship becomes prominent in mouse prostate tissue following surgical castration. Finally, multiple PCa cell models demonstrate marked survival vulnerability following stable PI5P4Kα inhibition. These results nominate PI5P4Kα as a target to disrupt PCa metabolic adaptation to castrate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Triscott
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Reist
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Küng
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Francielle C. Moselle
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marika Lehner
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - John Gallon
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Archna Ravi
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gurpreet K. Arora
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simone de Brot
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Lundquist
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brooke M. Emerling
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern 3008, Switzerland
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4
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Fujimoto K, Hashimoto D, Kashimada K, Kumegawa S, Ueda Y, Hyuga T, Hirashima T, Inoue N, Suzuki K, Hara I, Asamura S, Yamada G. A visualization system for erectile vascular dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000342. [PMID: 36313553 PMCID: PMC9615422 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erection is an essential process which requires the male penis for copulation. This copulatory process depends on the vascular dynamic regulation of the penis. The corpus cavernosum (CC) in the upper (dorsal) part of the penis plays a major role in regulating blood flow inside the penis. When the CC is filled with blood, the sinusoids, including micro-vessels, dilate during erection. The CC is an androgen-dependent organ, and various genital abnormalities including erectile dysfunction (ED) are widely known. Previous studies have shown that androgen deprivation by castration results in significantly decreased smooth muscles of the CC. Experimental works in erectile biology have previously measured intracavernosal penile pressure and mechanical tension. Such reports analyze limited features without assessing the dynamic aspects of the erectile process. In the current study, we established a novel explant system enabling direct visual imaging of the sinusoidal lumen to evaluate the dynamic movement of the cavernous space. To analyze the alternation of sinusoidal spaces, micro-dissected CC explants by patent blue dye injection were incubated and examined for their structural alternations during relaxation/contraction. The dynamic process of relaxation/contraction was analyzed with various external factors administered to the CC. The system enabled the imaging of relaxation/contraction of the lumens of the sinusoids and the collagen-containing tissues. Histological analysis on the explant system also showed the relaxation/contraction. Thus, the system mimics the regulatory process of dynamic relaxation/contraction in the erectile response. The current system also enabled evaluating the erectile pathophysiology. In the current study, the lumen of sinusoids relaxed/contracted in castrated mice similarly with normal mice. These results suggested that the dynamic erectile relaxation/contraction process was similarly retained in castrated mice. However, the system also revealed decreased duration time of erection in castrated mice. The current study is expected to promote further understanding of the pathophysiology of ED, which will be useful for new treatments in the future. Hence, the current system provides unique information to investigate the novel regulations of erectile function, which can provide tools for analyzing the pathology of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Fujimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daiki Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kumegawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Taiju Hyuga
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Children’s Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Isao Hara
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Gen Yamada,
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5
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Guan X, Polesso F, Wang C, Sehrawat A, Hawkins RM, Murray SE, Thomas GV, Caruso B, Thompson RF, Wood MA, Hipfinger C, Hammond SA, Graff JN, Xia Z, Moran AE. Androgen receptor activity in T cells limits checkpoint blockade efficacy. Nature 2022; 606:791-796. [PMID: 35322234 PMCID: PMC10294141 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the field of oncology, inducing durable anti-tumour immunity in solid tumours. In patients with advanced prostate cancer, immunotherapy treatments have largely failed1-5. Androgen deprivation therapy is classically administered in these patients to inhibit tumour cell growth, and we postulated that this therapy also affects tumour-associated T cells. Here we demonstrate that androgen receptor (AR) blockade sensitizes tumour-bearing hosts to effective checkpoint blockade by directly enhancing CD8 T cell function. Inhibition of AR activity in CD8 T cells prevented T cell exhaustion and improved responsiveness to PD-1 targeted therapy via increased IFNγ expression. AR bound directly to Ifng and eviction of AR with a small molecule significantly increased cytokine production in CD8 T cells. Together, our findings establish that T cell intrinsic AR activity represses IFNγ expression and represents a novel mechanism of immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fanny Polesso
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Archana Sehrawat
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Reed M Hawkins
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan E Murray
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - George V Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Breanna Caruso
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Reid F Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mary A Wood
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christina Hipfinger
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Hammond
- Clinical IO Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Julie N Graff
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy E Moran
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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6
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Sympathetic signaling facilitates progression of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:364. [PMID: 34811362 PMCID: PMC8608828 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of prostate cancer (PC) into neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a major challenge in treating PC. In NEPC, the PC cells undergo neuroendocrine differentiation (NED); however, the exact molecular mechanism that triggers NED is unknown. Peripheral nerves are recently shown to promote PC. However, their contribution to NEPC was not studied well. In this study, we explored whether sympathetic neurosignaling contributes to NED. We found that human prostate tumors from patients that later developed metastases and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a stage preceding to NEPC, have high sympathetic innervations. Our work revealed that high concentrations of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) induces NED-like changes in PC cells in vitro, evident by their characteristic cellular and molecular changes. The NE-mediated NED was effectively inhibited by the Adrβ2 blocker propranolol. Strikingly, propranolol along with castration also significantly inhibited the development and progression of NEPC in vivo in an orthotopic NEPC model. Altogether, our results indicate that the NE-Adrβ2 axis is a potential therapeutic intervention point for NEPC.
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7
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Walcheck MT, Matkowskyj KA, Turco A, Blaine-Sauer S, Nukaya M, Noel J, Ronnekleiv OK, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM. Sex-dependent development of Kras-induced anal squamous cell carcinoma in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259245. [PMID: 34735515 PMCID: PMC8568287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) will be diagnosed in an estimated 9,080 adults in the United States this year, and rates have been rising over the last several decades. Most people that develop anal SCC have associated human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (~85-95%), with approximately 5-15% of anal SCC cases occurring in HPV-negative patients from unknown etiology. This study identified and characterized the Kras-driven, female sex hormone-dependent development of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the LSL-KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre (KC) mouse model that is not dependent on papillomavirus infection. One hundred percent of female KC mice develop anal SCC, while no male KC mice develop tumors. Both male and female KC anal tissue express Pdx1 and Cre-recombinase mRNA, and the activated mutant KrasG12D gene. Although the driver gene mutation KrasG12D is present in anus of both sexes, only female KC mice develop Kras-mutant induced anal SCC. To understand the sex-dependent differences, KC male mice were castrated and KC female mice were ovariectomized. Castrated KC males displayed an unchanged phenotype with no anal tumor formation. In contrast, ovariectomized KC females demonstrated a marked reduction in anal SCC development, with only 15% developing anal SCC. Finally, exogenous administration of estrogen rescued the tumor development in ovariectomized KC female mice and induced tumor development in castrated KC males. These results confirm that the anal SCC is estrogen mediated. The delineation of the role of female sex hormones in mediating mutant Kras to drive anal SCC pathogenesis highlights a subtype of anal SCC that is independent of papillomavirus infection. These findings may have clinical applicability for the papillomavirus-negative subset of anal SCC patients that typically respond poorly to standard of care chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan T. Walcheck
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kristina A. Matkowskyj
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Anne Turco
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Simon Blaine-Sauer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Manabu Nukaya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Jessica Noel
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Oline K. Ronnekleiv
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
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8
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Song CH, Kim N, Nam RH, Choi SI, Yu JE, Nho H, Shin E, Lee HN, Surh YJ. Testosterone strongly enhances azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colorectal cancer development in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3145-3162. [PMID: 34249451 PMCID: PMC8263677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to occur more frequently in males than in females, with sex hormones reportedly influencing the development. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether orchiectomy in C57BL/6 male mice reduces colorectal tumorigenesis and whether testosterone administration increases tumorigenesis after orchiectomy in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model. Clinical symptoms, including colitis and tumor incidence, were evaluated in the absence or presence of testosterone in AOM/DSS-treated male, as well as orchiectomized (ORX) male and female mice. The levels of serum testosterone and colonic myeloperoxidase, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. Target mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Orchiectomy significantly diminished the AOM/DSS-induced colitis indices, including disease activity index, colon shortening, and histological severity at week 2, and decreased tumor numbers and incidence rates in the distal part of the colon increased following AOM/DSS administration at week 13; this reduction was reversed by testosterone supplementation. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the ELISA level (MPO and IL-1β) and the mRNA expression of the inflammatory mediators (COX-2 and iNOS) were maintained at high levels in the tumors of the testosterone-treated group compared with AOM/DSS groups. Interestingly, both endogenous and exogenous testosterone administrations were associated with tumor development (> 2 mm in size) and submucosal invasive cancer. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, testosterone was identified as a reasonable hazard factor for the progression of submucosal invasive cancer of the distal colon. In conclusion, endogenous and exogenous testosterone presented a stimulating effect on AOM/DSS-induced colitis and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Heewon Nho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart HospitalHwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of PharmacySeoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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9
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Warner BM, Stein DR, Griffin BD, Tierney K, Leung A, Sloan A, Kobasa D, Poliquin G, Kobinger GP, Safronetz D. Development and Characterization of a Sin Nombre Virus Transmission Model in Peromyscus maniculatus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020183. [PMID: 30795592 PMCID: PMC6409794 DOI: 10.3390/v11020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In North America, Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the main cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe respiratory disease with a fatality rate of 35–40%. SNV is a zoonotic pathogen carried by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and few studies have been performed examining its transmission in deer mouse populations. Studying SNV and other hantaviruses can be difficult due to the need to propagate the virus in vivo for subsequent experiments. We show that when compared with standard intramuscular infection, the intraperitoneal infection of deer mice can be as effective in producing SNV stocks with a high viral RNA copy number, and this method of infection provides a more reproducible infection model. Furthermore, the age and sex of the infected deer mice have little effect on viral replication and shedding. We also describe a reliable model of direct experimental SNV transmission. We examined the transmission of SNV between deer mice and found that direct contact between deer mice is the main driver of SNV transmission rather than exposure to contaminated excreta/secreta, which is thought to be the main driver of transmission of the virus to humans. Furthermore, increases in heat shock responses or testosterone levels in SNV-infected deer mice do not increase the replication, shedding, or rate of transmission. Here, we have demonstrated a model for the transmission of SNV between deer mice, the natural rodent reservoir for the virus. The use of this model will have important implications for further examining SNV transmission and in developing strategies for the prevention of SNV infection in deer mouse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce M Warner
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Derek R Stein
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Bryan D Griffin
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Anders Leung
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Angela Sloan
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Poliquin
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada.
| | - David Safronetz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada.
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Anker JF, Mok H, Naseem AF, Thumbikat P, Abdulkadir SA. A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29578515 PMCID: PMC5931443 DOI: 10.3791/57301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthotopic tumor modeling is a valuable tool for pre-clinical prostate cancer research, as it has multiple advantages over both subcutaneous and transgenic genetically engineered mouse models. Unlike subcutaneous tumors, orthotopic tumors contain more clinically accurate vasculature, tumor microenvironment, and responses to multiple therapies. In contrast to genetically engineered mouse models, orthotopic models can be performed with lower cost and in less time, involve the use of highly complex and heterogeneous mouse or human cancer cell lines, rather that single genetic alterations, and these cell lines can be genetically modified, such as to express imaging agents. Here, we present a protocol to surgically injecting a luciferase- and mCherry-expressing murine prostate cancer cell line into the anterior prostate lobe of mice. These mice developed orthotopic tumors that were non-invasively monitored in vivo and further analyzed for tumor volume, weight, mouse survival, and immune infiltration. Further, orthotopic tumor-bearing mice were surgically castrated, leading to immediate tumor regression and subsequent recurrence, representing castration-resistant prostate cancer. Although technical skill is required to carry out this procedure, this syngeneic orthotopic model of both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer is of great use to all investigators in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Anker
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Hanlin Mok
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Anum F Naseem
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Praveen Thumbikat
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;
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