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Mac KD, Qureshi MM, Na M, Chang S, Eom TJ, Je HS, Kim YR, Kwon HS, Chung E. Fast volumetric imaging with line-scan confocal microscopy by electrically tunable lens at resonant frequency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19152-19164. [PMID: 36221700 PMCID: PMC9363030 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In microscopic imaging of biological tissues, particularly real-time visualization of neuronal activities, rapid acquisition of volumetric images poses a prominent challenge. Typically, two-dimensional (2D) microscopy can be devised into an imaging system with 3D capability using any varifocal lens. Despite the conceptual simplicity, such an upgrade yet requires additional, complicated device components and usually suffers from a reduced acquisition rate, which is critical to properly document rapid neurophysiological dynamics. In this study, we implemented an electrically tunable lens (ETL) in the line-scan confocal microscopy (LSCM), enabling the volumetric acquisition at the rate of 20 frames per second with a maximum volume of interest of 315 × 315 × 80 µm3. The axial extent of point-spread-function (PSF) was 17.6 ± 1.6 µm and 90.4 ± 2.1 µm with the ETL operating in either stationary or resonant mode, respectively, revealing significant depth axial penetration by the resonant mode ETL microscopy. We further demonstrated the utilities of the ETL system by volume imaging of both cleared mouse brain ex vivo samples and in vivo brains. The current study showed a successful application of resonant ETL for constructing a high-performance 3D axially scanning LSCM (asLSCM) system. Such advances in rapid volumetric imaging would significantly enhance our understanding of various dynamic biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuong Duy Mac
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Myeongsu Na
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joong Eom
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Color-modulated Extra-sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Shawn Je
- Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore
- Advanced Bioimaging Center, Academia, Ngee Ann Kongsi Discovery Tower Level 10, 20 College Road, 169855, Singapore
| | - Young Ro Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Photon Science Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Gómez-Gaviro MV, Sanderson D, Ripoll J, Desco M. Biomedical Applications of Tissue Clearing and Three-Dimensional Imaging in Health and Disease. iScience 2020; 23:101432. [PMID: 32805648 PMCID: PMC7452225 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging techniques can expand our knowledge about physiological and pathological processes that cannot be fully understood with 2D approaches. Standard diagnostic tests frequently are not sufficient to unequivocally determine the presence of a pathological condition. Whole-organ optical imaging requires tissue transparency, which can be achieved by using tissue clearing procedures enabling deeper image acquisition and therefore making possible the analysis of large-scale biological tissue samples. Here, we review currently available clearing agents, methods, and their application in imaging of physiological or pathological conditions in different animal and human organs. We also compare different optical tissue clearing methods discussing their advantages and disadvantages and review the use of different 3D imaging techniques for the visualization and image acquisition of cleared tissues. The use of optical tissue clearing resources for large-scale biological tissues 3D imaging paves the way for future applications in translational and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Gómez-Gaviro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sanderson
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Gradinaru V, Treweek J, Overton K, Deisseroth K. Hydrogel-Tissue Chemistry: Principles and Applications. Annu Rev Biophys 2019; 47:355-376. [PMID: 29792820 PMCID: PMC6359929 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-070317-032905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past five years, a rapidly developing experimental approach has enabled high-resolution and high-content information retrieval from intact multicellular animal (metazoan) systems. New chemical and physical forms are created in the hydrogel-tissue chemistry process, and the retention and retrieval of crucial phenotypic information regarding constituent cells and molecules (and their joint interrelationships) are thereby enabled. For example, rich data sets defining both single-cell-resolution gene expression and single-cell-resolution activity during behavior can now be collected while still preserving information on three-dimensional positioning and/or brain-wide wiring of those very same neurons-even within vertebrate brains. This new approach and its variants, as applied to neuroscience, are beginning to illuminate the fundamental cellular and chemical representations of sensation, cognition, and action. More generally, reimagining metazoans as metareactants-or positionally defined three-dimensional graphs of constituent chemicals made available for ongoing functionalization, transformation, and readout-is stimulating innovation across biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;
| | - Jennifer Treweek
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;
| | - Kristin Overton
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,H oward Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Sun G, Qu S, Wang S, Shao Y, Sun J. Taurine attenuates acrylamide-induced axonal and myelinated damage through the Akt/GSK3β-dependent pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 32:2058738418805322. [PMID: 30354842 PMCID: PMC6202743 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418805322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR), formed during the Maillard reaction induced by high temperature
in food processing, is one of the main causes of neurodegenerative diseases.
Taurine, a free intracellular β-amino acid, is characterized by many functions,
including antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This
promotes its application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this
study, the neuroprotective effects of taurine against ACR-induced neurotoxicity
and the potential underlying mechanisms were explored. Rats were intoxicated
with ACR and injected with taurine in different groups for totally 2 weeks
between January and July 2017. Electron microscopic analysis was used to observe
the changes in tissues of the rats. Meanwhile, the levels of proteins including
p-Akt, p-GSK3β, SIM312, and MBP were detected by Western blot. Furthermore, the
GSK3β phosphorylation in taurine-treated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) with ACR was
examined in the presence of the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206. The analysis of
behavioral performances and electron micrographs indicated that taurine
treatment significantly attenuated the toxic manifestations induced by ACR and
stimulated the growth of axons and the medullary sheath, which was associated
with the activation of the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Mechanistically, it was
found that taurine activated GSK3β, leading to significant recovery of the
damage in ACR-induced sciatic nerves. Furthermore, MK-2206, an inhibitor of Akt,
was applied in DRG cells, suggesting that taurine-induced GSK3β phosphorylation
was Akt dependent. Our findings demonstrated that taurine attenuated ACR-induced
neuropathy in vivo, in an Akt/GSK3β-dependent manner. This confirmed the
treatment with taurine to be a novel strategy against ACR-induced
neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian
Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuxian Qu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian
Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian
Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian
Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingsong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian
Medical University, Liaoning, China
- Jingsong Sun, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116011, China.
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Wang H, Khoradmehr A, Tamadon A. FACT or PACT: A Comparison between Free-Acrylamide and Acrylamide-Based Passive Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Tissue Clearing for whole Tissue Imaging. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:103-114. [PMID: 30825283 PMCID: PMC6397597 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Major biological processes rely on the spatial organization of cells in complex, highly orchestrated three-dimensional (3D)
tissues. Until the recent decade, most of information on spatial neural representation primarily came from microscopic imaging
of “2D” (5-50 μm) tissue using traditional immunohistochemical techniques. However, serially sectioned and imaged tissue
sections for tissue visualization can lead to unique non-linear deformations, which dramatically hinders scientists’ insight into
the structural organization of intact organs. An emerging technique known as CLARITY renders large-scale biological tissues
transparent for 3D phenotype mapping and thereby, greatly facilitates structure-function relationships analyses. Since then,
numerous modifications and improvements have been reported to push the boundaries of knowledge on tissue clearing
techniques in research on assembled biological systems. This review aims to outline our current knowledge on next-generation
protocols of fast free-of-acrylamide clearing tissue (FACT) and passive CLARITY (PACT). The most important question is what
method we should select for tissue clearing, FACT or PACT. This review also highlights how FACT differs from PACT on
spanning multiple dimensions of the workflow. We systematically compared a number of factors including hydrogel formation,
clearing solution, and clearing temperatures between free-acrylamide and acrylamide-based passive sodium dodecyl sulfate
(SDS) tissue clearing and discussed negative effects of polyacrylamide on clearing, staining, and imaging in detail. Such
information may help to gain a perspective for interrogating neural circuits spatial interactions between molecules and cells
and provide guidance for developing novel tissue clearing strategies to probe deeply into intact organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Khoradmehr A, Mazaheri F, Anvari M, Tamadon A. A Simple Technique for Three-Dimensional Imaging and Segmentation of Brain Vasculature U sing Fast Free-of-Acrylamide Clearing Tissue in Murine. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 21:49-56. [PMID: 30507088 PMCID: PMC6275429 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Fast Free-of-Acrylamide Clearing Tissue (FACT) is a recently developed protocol for the whole tissue
three-dimensional (3D) imaging. The FACT protocol clears lipids using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to increase the
penetration of light and reflection of fluorescent signals from the depth of cleared tissue. The aim of the present study
was using FACT protocol in combination with imaging of auto-fluorescency of red blood cells in vessels to image the
vasculature of a translucent mouse tissues.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, brain and other tissues of adult female mice or rats were dissected
out without the perfusion. Mice brains were sliced for vasculature imaging before the clearing. Brain slices and other
whole tissues of rodent were cleared by the FACT protocol and their clearing times were measured. After 1 mm of the
brain slice clearing, the blood vessels containing auto-fluorescent red blood cells were imaged by a z-stack motorized
epifluorescent microscope. The 3D structures of the brain vessels were reconstructed by Imaris software.
Results Auto-fluorescent blood vessels were 3D imaged by the FACT in mouse brain cortex. Clearing tissues of
mice and rats were carried out by the FACT on the brain slices, spinal cord, heart, lung, adrenal gland, pancreas, liver,
esophagus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, skeletal muscle, bladder, ovary, and uterus.
Conclusion The FACT protocol can be used for the murine whole tissue clearing. We highlighted that the 3D imaging
of cortex vasculature can be done without antibody staining of non-perfused brain tissue, rather by a simple auto-
fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fahime Mazaheri
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Morteza Anvari
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Whole-organism cellular gene-expression atlas reveals conserved cell types in the ventral nerve cord of Platynereis dumerilii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 114:5878-5885. [PMID: 28584082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610602114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparative study of cell types is a powerful approach toward deciphering animal evolution. To avoid selection biases, however, comparisons ideally involve all cell types present in a multicellular organism. Here, we use image registration and a newly developed "Profiling by Signal Probability Mapping" algorithm to generate a cellular resolution 3D expression atlas for an entire animal. We investigate three-segmented young worms of the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, with a rich diversity of differentiated cells present in relatively low number. Starting from whole-mount expression images for close to 100 neural specification and differentiation genes, our atlas identifies and molecularly characterizes 605 bilateral pairs of neurons at specific locations in the ventral nerve cord. Among these pairs, we identify sets of neurons expressing similar combinations of transcription factors, located at spatially coherent anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral, and medial-lateral coordinates that we interpret as cell types. Comparison with motor and interneuron types in the vertebrate neural tube indicates conserved combinations, for example, of cell types cospecified by Gata1/2/3 and Tal transcription factors. These include V2b interneurons and the central spinal fluid-contacting Kolmer-Agduhr cells in the vertebrates, and several neuron types in the intermediate ventral ganglionic mass in the annelid. We propose that Kolmer-Agduhr cell-like mechanosensory neurons formed part of the mucociliary sole in protostome-deuterostome ancestors and diversified independently into several neuron types in annelid and vertebrate descendants.
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Woo J, Lee EY, Park HS, Park JY, Cho YE. Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29806831 DOI: 10.3791/57123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the development of CLARITY, a bioelectrochemical clearing technique that allows for three-dimensional phenotype mapping within transparent tissues, a multitude of novel clearing methodologies including CUBIC (clear, unobstructed brain imaging cocktails and computational analysis), SWITCH (system-wide control of interaction time and kinetics of chemicals), MAP (magnified analysis of the proteome), and PACT (passive clarity technique), have been established to further expand the existing toolkit for the microscopic analysis of biological tissues. The present study aims to improve upon and optimize the original PACT procedure for an array of intact rodent tissues, including the whole central nervous system (CNS), kidneys, spleen, and whole mouse embryos. Termed psPACT (process-separate PACT) and mPACT (modified PACT), these novel techniques provide highly efficacious means of mapping cell circuitry and visualizing subcellular structures in intact normal and pathological tissues. In the following protocol, we provide a detailed, step-by-step outline on how to achieve maximal tissue clearance with minimal invasion of their structural integrity via psPACT and mPACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Woo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University; The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Biomedical Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | | | - Hyo-Suk Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine; The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Biomedical Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jeong Yoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine; The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Biomedical Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Yong Eun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University; The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Biomedical Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine;
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Zhang WL, Liu SH, Zhang WC, Hu W, Jiang M, Tamadon A, Feng Y. Skeletal Muscle CLARITY: A Preliminary Study of Imaging The Three-Dimensional Architecture of Blood Vessels and Neurons. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:132-137. [PMID: 29633589 PMCID: PMC5893283 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Passive CLARITY is a whole-tissue clearing protocol, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) clearing, for imaging
intact tissue containing transgenic or immunolabeled fluorescent proteins. In this study, we present an improved passive
CLARITY protocol with efficient immunolabeling without the need for electrophoresis or complex instrumentation.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, after perfusion of C57BL/6N mice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
and then with acrylamide-paraformaldehyde (PFA), the quadriceps femoris muscle was removed. The muscle samples
were post-fixed and degassed to initiate polymerization. After removing the excess hydrogel around the muscle, lipids were
washed out with the passive CLARITY technique. The transparent whole intact muscles were labeled for vessel and neuron
markers, and then imaged by confocal microscopy. Three-dimensional images were reconstructed to present the muscle
tissue architecture.
Results We established a simple clearing protocol using wild type mouse muscle and labeling of vasculatures and
neurons. Imaging the fluorescent signal was achieved by protein fixation, adjusting the pH of the SDS solution and
using an optimum temperature (37˚C) for tissue clearing, all of which contributed to the superiority of our protocol.
Conclusion We conclude that this passive CLARITY protocol can be successfully applied to three-dimensional
cellular and whole muscle imaging in mice, and will facilitate structural analyses and connectomics of large assemblies
of muscle cells, vessels and neurons in the context of three-dimensional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao Hua Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amin Tamadon
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai China.
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Hu W, Tamadon A, Hsueh AJW, Feng Y. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of the Vascular Architecture of the Passive CLARITY-cleared Mouse Ovary. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286393 DOI: 10.3791/56141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovary is the main organ of the female reproductive system and is essential for the production of female gametes and for controlling the endocrine system, but the complex structural relationships and three-dimensional (3D) vasculature architectures of the ovary are not well described. In order to visualize the 3D connections and architecture of blood vessels in the intact ovary, the first important step is to make the ovary optically clear. In order to avoid tissue shrinkage, we used the hydrogel fixation-based passive CLARITY (Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging/ Immunostaining/In situ-hybridization-compatible Tissue Hydrogel) protocol method to clear an intact ovary. Immunostaining, advanced multiphoton confocal microscopy, and 3D image-reconstructions were then used for the visualization of ovarian vessels and follicular capillaries. Using this approach, we showed a significant positive correlation (P <0.01) between the length of the follicular capillaries and volume of the follicular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University
| | - Aaron J W Hsueh
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University;
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