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Behera S, Khan GA, Singh SS, Jena B, Sashank K, Patnaik S, Kumar R, Jeon BH, Chakrabortty S, Tripathy SK, Mishra A. Antibacterial Efficacy of ZnO/Bentonite (Clay) Nanocomposites against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2783-2794. [PMID: 38250361 PMCID: PMC10795042 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has spurred the exploration of therapeutic nanomaterials such as ZnO nanoparticles. However, the inherent nonspecific toxicity of ZnO has posed a significant obstacle to their clinical utilization. In this research, we propose a novel approach to improve the selectivity of the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles by impregnating them onto a less toxic clay mineral, Bentonite, resulting in ZB nanocomposites (ZB NCs). We hypothesize that these ZB NCs not only reduce toxicity toward both normal and carcinogenic cell lines but also retain the antibacterial properties of pure ZnO nanoparticles. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized ZB NCs by using a precipitation technique and confirmed their structural characteristics through X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Electron microscopy revealed composite particles in the size range of 20-50 nm. The BET surface area of ZB NCs, within a relative pressure (P/P0) range of 0.407-0.985, was estimated to be 31.182 m2/g. Notably, 50 mg/mL ZB NCs demonstrated biocompatibility with HCT 116 and HEK 293 cell lines, supported by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analysis. In vitro experiments further confirmed a remarkable five-log reduction in the population of MDR Escherichia coli in the presence of 50 mg/mL of ZB NCs. Antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites was also validated in the HEK293 and HCT 116 cell lines. These findings substantiate our hypothesis and underscore the effectiveness of ZB NCs against MDR E. coli while minimizing nonspecific toxicity toward healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta
Kumar Behera
- School
of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
- IMGENEX
India Pvt. Ltd., Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Gausal A. Khan
- Department
of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al Ahsa 31982, KSA
| | - Swati Sucharita Singh
- School
of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Bhumika Jena
- School
of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Kali Sashank
- School
of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute
of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- School
of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department
of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic
of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department
of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sankha Chakrabortty
- School
of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
- School
of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute
of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Suraj K. Tripathy
- School
of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
- School
of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute
of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- School
of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
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2
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Wei N, Lee C, Duan L, Galdos FX, Samad T, Raissadati A, Goodyer WR, Wu SM. Cardiac Development at a Single-Cell Resolution. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:253-268. [PMID: 38884716 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cardiac development is a complex, multistage process. Though traditional lineage tracing studies have characterized the broad trajectories of cardiac progenitors, the advent and rapid optimization of single-cell RNA sequencing methods have yielded an ever-expanding toolkit for characterizing heterogeneous cell populations in the developing heart. Importantly, they have allowed for a robust profiling of the spatiotemporal transcriptomic landscape of the human and mouse heart, revealing the diversity of cardiac cells-myocyte and non-myocyte-over the course of development. These studies have yielded insights into novel cardiac progenitor populations, chamber-specific developmental signatures, the gene regulatory networks governing cardiac development, and, thus, the etiologies of congenital heart diseases. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing has allowed for the exquisite characterization of distinct cardiac populations such as the hard-to-capture cardiac conduction system and the intracardiac immune population. Therefore, single-cell profiling has also resulted in new insights into the regulation of cardiac regeneration and injury repair. Single-cell multiomics approaches combining transcriptomics, genomics, and epigenomics may uncover an even more comprehensive atlas of human cardiac biology. Single-cell analyses of the developing and adult mammalian heart offer an unprecedented look into the fundamental mechanisms of cardiac development and the complex diseases that may arise from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wei
- Stanford University, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carissa Lee
- Stanford University, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Duan
- Stanford University, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Tahmina Samad
- Stanford University, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford University, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Alajoleen RM, Li L, Luo XM. Isolation and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Murine Regulatory B Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2782:159-166. [PMID: 38622400 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3754-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory B (Breg) cells have been demonstrated to play an important role in the inhibition of a wide range of immunological responses, and they are absent or malfunction in autoimmune diseases like lupus. Breg cells can control immunological responses and keep the immune system in a balanced state by releasing immunosuppressive cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), which in turn promote regulatory T (Treg) cells and reduce effector T cell responses. Breg cells have also been linked to the modulation of cancer immunity. Due to their immunosuppressive role, in the context of cancer, Breg cells aid in tumor immune evasion and promote tumor progression. Nonetheless, it has been established that Breg cells are involved in both cancer immunity and autoimmunity, and their characterizations beyond surface markers, for example, on the transcriptomic level, are essential for our understanding of Breg biology in health and disease. In this chapter, using lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice, we describe a Breg cell isolation protocol for the purpose of single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan M Alajoleen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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4
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Kumar B, Chaujar R. Fin field-effect-transistor engineered sensor for detection of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells: A switching-ratio-based sensitivity analysis. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034408. [PMID: 37849201 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the utilization of a gallium-arsenide gate-stack gate-all-around (GaAs-GS-GAA) fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) to accomplish the electrical identification of the breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 by monitoring the device switching ratio. The proposed sensor uses four nanocavities carved beneath the gate electrodes for enhanced detection sensitivity. MDA-MB-231 (cancerous) and MCF-10A (healthy) breast cells have a distinct dielectric constant, and it changes when exposed to microwave frequencies spanning across 200 MHz and 13.6 GHz, which modifies the electrical characteristics, allowing for early diagnosis. First, a percentage shift in the primary DC characteristics is presented to demonstrate the advantage of GS-GAA FinFET over conventional FinFET. The sensor measures the switching-ratio-based sensitivity, which comes out to be 99.72% for MDA-MB-231 and 47.78% for MCF-10A. The sensor was tested for stability and reproducibility and found to be repeatable and sufficiently stable with settling times of 55.51, 60.80, and 71.58 ps for MDA-MB-231 cells, MCF-10A cells, and air, respectively. It can distinguish between viable and nonviable cells based on electrical response alterations. The possibility of early detection of cancerous breast cells using Bruggeman's model is also discussed. Further, the impact of biomolecule occupancy and frequency variations on the device sensitivity is carried out. This study also explains how to maximize the sensing performance by adjusting the fin height, fin width, work function, channel doping, temperature, and drain voltage. Lastly, this article compared the proposed breast cancer cell detectors to existing literature to evaluate their performance and found considerable improvement. The findings of this research have the potential to establish GaAs-GS-GAA FinFET as a promising contender for MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rishu Chaujar
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
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Gutierrez-Romero L, Blanco-González E, Montes-Bayón M. Single-Cell ICP-MS in Combination with Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting for Investigating the Effects of Nanotransported Cisplatin(IV) Prodrugs. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11874-11878. [PMID: 37535006 PMCID: PMC10862375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS) is reported, for the first time, in this work. It is applied to evaluate the differences between the cellular uptake of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) loaded with cisplatin(IV) prodrug (FeNPs-Pt(IV)) and cisplatin regarding cell viability. For this aim, FACS is applied to separate viable, apoptotic, and necrotic A2780 ovarian cancer cells after exposing them to the nanotransported prodrug and cisplatin, respectively. The different sorted cell populations are individually analyzed using quantitative SC-ICP-MS to address the intracellular amount of Pt. The highest Pt intracellular content occurs in the apoptotic cell population (about 2.1 fg Pt/cell) with a narrow intercellular distribution when using FeNPs-Pt(IV) nanoprodrug and containing the largest number of cells (75% of the total). In the case of the cisplatin-treated cells, the highest Pt content (about 1.6 fg Pt/cell) could be determined in the viable sorted cell population. The combined methodology, never explored before, permits a more accurate picture of the effect of the intracellular drug content together with the cell death mechanisms associated with the free drug and the nanotransported prodrug, respectively, and opens the door to many possible single-cell experiments in sorted cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gutierrez-Romero
- Department
of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elisa Blanco-González
- Department
of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Montes-Bayón
- Department
of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Health
Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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6
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Asrar H, Tucker AS. Endothelial cells during craniofacial development: Populating and patterning the head. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:962040. [PMID: 36105604 PMCID: PMC9465086 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.962040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Major organs and tissues require close association with the vasculature during development and for later function. Blood vessels are essential for efficient gas exchange and for providing metabolic sustenance to individual cells, with endothelial cells forming the basic unit of this complex vascular framework. Recent research has revealed novel roles for endothelial cells in mediating tissue morphogenesis and differentiation during development, providing an instructive role to shape the tissues as they form. This highlights the importance of providing a vasculature when constructing tissues and organs for tissue engineering. Studies in various organ systems have identified important signalling pathways crucial for regulating the cross talk between endothelial cells and their environment. This review will focus on the origin and migration of craniofacial endothelial cells and how these cells influence the development of craniofacial tissues. For this we will look at research on the interaction with the cranial neural crest, and individual organs such as the salivary glands, teeth, and jaw. Additionally, we will investigate the methods used to understand and manipulate endothelial networks during the development of craniofacial tissues, highlighting recent advances in this area.
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7
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Kothalawala WJ, Barták BK, Nagy ZB, Zsigrai S, Szigeti KA, Valcz G, Takács I, Kalmár A, Molnár B. A Detailed Overview About the Single-Cell Analyses of Solid Tumors Focusing on Colorectal Cancer. PATHOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 28:1610342. [PMID: 35928965 PMCID: PMC9344373 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the evolution of the molecular biological technical background led to the widespread application of single-cell sequencing, a versatile tool particularly useful in the investigation of tumor heterogeneity. Even 10 years ago the comprehensive characterization of colorectal cancers by The Cancer Genome Atlas was based on measurements of bulk samples. Nowadays, with single-cell approaches, tumor heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment, and the interplay between tumor cells and their surroundings can be described in unprecedented detail. In this review article we aimed to emphasize the importance of single-cell analyses by presenting tumor heterogeneity and the limitations of conventional investigational approaches, followed by an overview of the whole single-cell analytic workflow from sample isolation to amplification, sequencing and bioinformatic analysis and a review of recent literature regarding the single-cell analysis of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Kothalawala
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: William J. Kothalawala,
| | - Barbara K. Barták
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia B. Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Zsigrai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina A. Szigeti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
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Mitchell MI, Ma J, Carter CL, Loudig O. Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3350. [PMID: 35884411 PMCID: PMC9318395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique "silver bullet" cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the non-invasive detection of certain solid tumors. Considering that exosomes are actively produced by all cells, including tumor cells, and can be found in the circulation, they have been extensively assessed for their potential as a source of circulating cell-specific biomarkers. Exosomes are particularly appealing because they represent a stable and encapsulated reservoir of active biological compounds that may be useful for the non-invasive detection of cancer. T biogenesis of these extracellular vesicles is profoundly altered during carcinogenesis, but because they harbor unique or uniquely combined surface proteins, cancer biomarker studies have been focused on their purification from biofluids, for the analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid cargoes. In this review, we evaluate the biogenesis of normal and cancer exosomes, provide extensive information on the state of the art, the current purification methods, and the technologies employed for genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic evaluation of their cargoes. Our thorough examination of the literature highlights the current limitations and promising future of exosomes as a liquid biopsy for the identification of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan I Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Claire L Carter
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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Rado M, Fisher D. The Paracrine Effect of Hypoxic and Normoxic Cancer Secretion on the Proliferation of Brain Endothelial Cells (bEnd.3). Cells 2022; 11:cells11071197. [PMID: 35406760 PMCID: PMC8997846 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the disruption of cell cycle phases of bEnd.3 cells exposed to cancer paracrine secretion. Cancer cells have been reported to use the secretion of paracrine factors to compromise the endothelial barrier to prepare for their passage into the parenchyma. As cancer cells are known to act differently under conditions of hypoxia, we investigated how conditional media (CM) derived from breast and glioblastoma cells incubated under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia would affect proliferation of brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3). Methods: Brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) were cultivated with normoxic and hypoxic CM generated from breast cancer MCF7 cells and glioblastoma U-87 cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay and phases of the cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometry. Results: bEnd.3 proliferations was suppressed more aggressively with hypoxic CM after 72 and 96 h; cell cycle analysis showed that paracrine treatment tended to prevent BECs from entering the G2 phase, thus suppressing cell division. Conclusions: MCF7 and U-87 cells induce suppressed proliferation of BECs deferentially under hypoxia by blocking cell cycle progression to the G2 phase.
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Mechanism of the switch from NO to H 2O 2 in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in diabetes. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:2. [PMID: 35024970 PMCID: PMC8886611 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction is prevalent among people with diabetes and is correlated with cardiac mortality. Compromised endothelial-dependent dilation (EDD) is an early event in the progression of diabetes, but its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Nitric oxide (NO) is the major endothelium-dependent vasodilatory metabolite in the healthy coronary circulation, but this switches to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Because diabetes is a significant risk factor for CAD, we hypothesized that a similar NO-to-H2O2 switch would occur in diabetes. Vasodilation was measured ex vivo in isolated coronary arteries from wild type (WT) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) null mice on a chow or high-fat/high-sugar diet, and B6.BKS(D)-Leprdb/J (db/db) mice using myography. Myocardial blood flow (MBF), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured in vivo using contrast echocardiography and a solid-state pressure sensor catheter. RNA from coronary arteries, endothelial cells, and cardiac tissues was analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR for gene expression, and cardiac protein expression was assessed via western blot analyses. Superoxide was detected via electron paramagnetic resonance. (1) Ex vivo coronary EDD and in vivo MBF were impaired in diabetic mice. (2) Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME), inhibited ex vivo coronary EDD and in vivo MBF in WT. In contrast, polyethylene glycol-catalase, an H2O2 scavenger (Peg-Cat), inhibited diabetic mouse EDD ex vivo and MBF in vivo. (3) miR-21 was upregulated in diabetic mouse endothelial cells, and the deficiency of miR-21 prevented the NO-to-H2O2 switch and ameliorated diabetic mouse vasodilation impairments. (4) Diabetic mice displayed increased serum NO and H2O2, upregulated mRNA expression of Sod1, Sod2, iNos, and Cav1, and downregulated Pgc-1α in coronary arteries, but the deficiency of miR-21 reversed these changes. (5) miR-21-deficient mice exhibited increased cardiac PGC-1α, PPARα and eNOS protein and reduced endothelial superoxide. (6) Inhibition of PGC-1α changed the mRNA expression of genes regulated by miR-21, and overexpression of PGC-1α decreased the expression of miR-21 in high (25.5 mM) glucose treated coronary endothelial cells. Diabetic mice exhibit a NO-to-H2O2 switch in the mediator of coronary EDD, which contributes to microvascular dysfunction and is mediated by miR-21. This study represents the first mouse model recapitulating the NO-to-H2O2 switch seen in CAD patients in diabetes.
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11
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Transcriptome analysis of heterogeneity in mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:93. [PMID: 34579762 PMCID: PMC8477508 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer metastasis is a complex process involving the spread of malignant cells from a primary tumor to distal organs. Understanding this cascade at a mechanistic level could provide critical new insights into the disease and potentially reveal new avenues for treatment. Transcriptome profiling of spontaneous cancer models is an attractive method to examine the dynamic changes accompanying tumor cell spread. However, such studies are complicated by the underlying heterogeneity of the cell types involved. The purpose of this study was to examine the transcriptomes of metastatic breast cancer cells using the well-established MMTV-PyMT mouse model. Methods Organ-derived metastatic cell lines were harvested from 10 female MMTV-PyMT mice. Cancer cells were isolated and sorted based on the expression of CD44low/EpCAMhigh or CD44high/EpCAMhigh surface markers. RNA from each cell line was extracted and sequenced using the NextSeq 500 Illumina platform. Tissue-specific genes were compared across the different metastatic and primary tumor samples. Reads were mapped to the mouse genome using STAR, and gene expression was quantified using RSEM. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) was performed on select samples using the ddSeq platform by BioRad and analyzed using Seurat v3.2.3. Monocle2 was used to infer pseudo-time progression. Results Comparison of RNA sequencing data across all cell populations produced distinct gene clusters. Differential gene expression patterns related to CD44 expression, organ tropism, and immunomodulatory signatures were observed. scRNA-seq identified expression profiles based on tissue-dependent niches and clonal heterogeneity. These cohorts of data were narrowed down to identify subsets of genes with high expression and known metastatic propensity. Dot plot analyses further revealed clusters expressing cancer stem cell and cancer dormancy markers. Changes in relevant genes were investigated across pseudo-time and tissue origin using Monocle2. These data revealed transcriptomes that may contribute to sub-clonal evolution and treatment evasion during cancer progression. Conclusions We performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of tumor heterogeneity and organ tropism during breast cancer metastasis. These data add to our understanding of metastatic progression and highlight targets for breast cancer treatment. These markers could also be used to image the impact of tumor heterogeneity on metastases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01468-x.
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12
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Dorschner BW, Wiedemuth R, Funke AC, Gentzel M, Rogers ML, Brenner S, Thieme S. Listening to the Whispers in Neuroimmune Crosstalk: A Comprehensive Workflow to Investigate Neurotrophin Receptor p75NTR Under Endogenous, Low Abundance Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648283. [PMID: 33936068 PMCID: PMC8085361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions are critically influenced by neuroimmune crosstalk. Cytokines and neurotrophic factors shape the responses of both nervous and immune systems. Although much progress has been made, most findings to date are based on expression of recombinant (tagged) proteins. The examination of receptor interactions by immunoprecipitation (IP) at endogenous levels provides further insight into the more subtle regulations of immune responses. Here, we present a comprehensive workflow and an optimized IP protocol that provide step-by-step instructions to investigate neurotrophin receptor p75NTR at endogenous, low abundance levels: from lysate preparation and confirmation of receptor expression to antibody validation and successful detection of protein-protein interactions. We employ human melanoma cell line A375 to validate specific antibodies and IP conditions, and apply these methods to explore p75NTR interactions in human leukemic plasmacytoid dendritic cell line PMDC05 detecting 14-3-3ϵ:p75NTR interaction in this cell type. With p75NTR as an exemplary protein, our approach provides a strategy to detect specific interaction partners even under endogenous, low abundance expression conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Dorschner
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Funke
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Gentzel
- Molecular Analysis - Mass Spectrometry, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mary-Louise Rogers
- Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sebastian Brenner
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thieme
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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Tonoyan L, Chevalier M, Vincent-Bugnas S, Marsault R, Doglio A. Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus in Periodontitis: A Review of Methodological Approaches. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010072. [PMID: 33383930 PMCID: PMC7823867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory condition that affects the structures surrounding the tooth eventually leading to tooth loss, is one of the two biggest threats to oral health. Beyond oral health, it is associated with systemic diseases and even with cancer risk. Obviously, periodontitis represents a major global health problem with significant social and economic impact. Recently, a new paradigm was proposed in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis involving a herpesviral–bacterial combination to promote long-term chronic inflammatory disease. Periodontitis as a risk factor for other systemic diseases can also be better explained based on viral–bacterial etiology. Significant efforts have brought numerous advances in revealing the links between periodontitis and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a gamma herpesvirus ubiquitous in the adult human population. The strong evidence from these studies may contribute to the advancement of periodontitis research and the ultimate control of the disease. Advancing the periodontitis research will require implementing suitable methods to establish EBV involvement in periodontitis. This review evaluates and summarizes the existing methods that allow the detection and diagnosis of EBV in periodontitis (also applicable in a more general way to other EBV-related diseases), and discusses the feasibility of the application of innovative emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Tonoyan
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Marlène Chevalier
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Séverine Vincent-Bugnas
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
- Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Robert Marsault
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Alain Doglio
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique (UTCG), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06101 Nice, France
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