1
|
Jaitovich A. Impaired regenerative capacity contributes to skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C974-C989. [PMID: 35993519 PMCID: PMC9484993 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00292.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Locomotor skeletal muscle dysfunction is a relevant comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is strongly associated with worse clinical outcomes including higher mortality. Over the last decades, a large body of literature helped characterize the process, defining the disruptive muscle phenotype caused by COPD that involves reduction in muscle mass, force-generation capacity, fatigue-tolerance, and regenerative potential following injury. A major limitation in the field has been the scarcity of well-calibrated animal models to conduct mechanistic research based on loss- and gain-of-function studies. This article provides an overall description of the process, the tools available to mechanistically investigate it, and the potential role of mitochondrially driven metabolic signals on the regulation muscle regeneration after injury in COPD. Finally, a description of future avenues to further expand on the area is proposed based on very recent evidence involving mitochondrial metabolic cues affecting myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giakoumaki I, Pollock N, Aljuaid T, Sannicandro AJ, Alameddine M, Owen E, Myrtziou I, Ozanne SE, Kanakis I, Goljanek-Whysall K, Vasilaki A. Postnatal Protein Intake as a Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function in Mice-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8815. [PMID: 35955948 PMCID: PMC9369224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterised by an age-related decrease in the number of muscle fibres and additional weakening of the remaining fibres, resulting in a reduction in muscle mass and function. Many studies associate poor maternal nutrition during gestation and/or lactation with altered skeletal muscle homeostasis in the offspring and the development of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine whether the musculoskeletal physiology in offspring born to mouse dams fed a low-protein diet during pregnancy was altered and whether any physiological changes could be modulated by the nutritional protein content in early postnatal stages. Thy1-YFP female mice were fed ad libitum on either a normal (20%) or a low-protein (5%) diet. Newborn pups were cross-fostered to different lactating dams (maintained on a 20% or 5% diet) to generate three groups analysed at weaning (21 days): Normal-to-Normal (NN), Normal-to-Low (NL) and Low-to-Normal (LN). Further offspring were maintained ad libitum on the same diet as during lactation until 12 weeks of age, creating another three groups (NNN, NLL, LNN). Mice on a low protein diet postnatally (NL, NLL) exhibited a significant reduction in body and muscle weight persisting up to 12 weeks, unlike mice on a low protein diet only prenatally (LN, LNN). Muscle fibre size was reduced in mice from the NL but not LN group, showing recovery at 12 weeks of age. Muscle force was reduced in NLL mice, concomitant with changes in the NMJ site and changes in atrophy-related and myosin genes. In addition, μCT scans of mouse tibiae at 12 weeks of age revealed changes in bone mass and morphology, resulting in a higher bone mass in the NLL group than the control NNN group. Finally, changes in the expression of miR-133 in the muscle of NLL mice suggest a regulatory role for this microRNA in muscle development in response to postnatal diet changes. Overall, this data shows that a low maternal protein diet and early postnatal life low-protein intake in mice can impact skeletal muscle physiology and function in early life while postnatal low protein diet favours bone integrity in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Giakoumaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Natalie Pollock
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- The MRC—Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Turki Aljuaid
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony J. Sannicandro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Moussira Alameddine
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Euan Owen
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Ioanna Myrtziou
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Bache Hall, Countess View, Chester CH2 1BR, UK
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- University of Cambridge MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Bache Hall, Countess View, Chester CH2 1BR, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- The MRC—Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- The MRC—Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Romagnoli C, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. Available In Vitro Models for Human Satellite Cells from Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413221. [PMID: 34948017 PMCID: PMC8706222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle accounts for almost 40% of the total adult human body mass. This tissue is essential for structural and mechanical functions such as posture, locomotion, and breathing, and it is endowed with an extraordinary ability to adapt to physiological changes associated with growth and physical exercise, as well as tissue damage. Moreover, skeletal muscle is the most age-sensitive tissue in mammals. Due to aging, but also to several diseases, muscle wasting occurs with a loss of muscle mass and functionality, resulting from disuse atrophy and defective muscle regeneration, associated with dysfunction of satellite cells, which are the cells responsible for maintaining and repairing adult muscle. The most established cell lines commonly used to study muscle homeostasis come from rodents, but there is a need to study skeletal muscle using human models, which, due to ethical implications, consist primarily of in vitro culture, which is the only alternative way to vertebrate model organisms. This review will survey in vitro 2D/3D models of human satellite cells to assess skeletal muscle biology for pre-clinical investigations and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (T.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Via Reginaldo Giuliani 195/A, 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soriano‐Arroquia A, Gostage J, Xia Q, Bardell D, McCormick R, McCloskey E, Bellantuono I, Clegg P, McDonagh B, Goljanek‐Whysall K. miR-24 and its target gene Prdx6 regulate viability and senescence of myogenic progenitors during aging. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13475. [PMID: 34560818 PMCID: PMC8520721 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cell-dependent skeletal muscle regeneration declines during aging. Disruptions within the satellite cells and their niche, together with alterations in the myofibrillar environment, contribute to age-related dysfunction and defective muscle regeneration. In this study, we demonstrated an age-related decline in satellite cell viability and myogenic potential and an increase in ROS and cellular senescence. We detected a transient upregulation of miR-24 in regenerating muscle from adult mice and downregulation of miR-24 during muscle regeneration in old mice. FACS-sorted satellite cells were characterized by decreased levels of miR-24 and a concomitant increase in expression of its target: Prdx6. Using GFP reporter constructs, we demonstrated that miR-24 directly binds to its predicted site within Prdx6 mRNA. Subtle changes in Prdx6 levels following changes in miR-24 expression indicate miR-24 plays a role in fine-tuning Prdx6 expression. Changes in miR-24 and Prdx6 levels were associated with altered mitochondrial ROS generation, increase in the DNA damage marker: phosphorylated-H2Ax and changes in viability, senescence, and myogenic potential of myogenic progenitors from mice and humans. The effects of miR-24 were more pronounced in myogenic progenitors from old mice, suggesting a context-dependent role of miR-24 in these cells, with miR-24 downregulation likely a part of a compensatory response to declining satellite cell function during aging. We propose that downregulation of miR-24 and subsequent upregulation of Prdx6 in muscle of old mice following injury are an adaptive response to aging, to maintain satellite cell viability and myogenic potential through regulation of mitochondrial ROS and DNA damage pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Soriano‐Arroquia
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- The Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging CIMA University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - John Gostage
- The Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging CIMA University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Aging University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Qin Xia
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
| | - David Bardell
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- The Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging CIMA University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Rachel McCormick
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- The Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging CIMA University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Eugene McCloskey
- The Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging CIMA University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Aging University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Ilaria Bellantuono
- The Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging CIMA University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Aging University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Peter Clegg
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- The Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging CIMA University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek‐Whysall
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- The Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging CIMA University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Discipline of Physiology School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are broadly defined as microfabricated surfaces or devices designed to engineer cells into microscale tissues with native-like features and then extract physiologically relevant readouts at scale. Because they are generally compatible with patient-derived cells, these technologies can address many of the human relevance limitations of animal models. As a result, organs-on-chips have emerged as a promising new paradigm for patient-specific disease modeling and drug development. Because neuromuscular diseases span a broad range of rare conditions with diverse etiology and complex pathophysiology, they have been especially challenging to model in animals and thus are well suited for organ-on-chip approaches. In this Review, we first briefly summarize the challenges in neuromuscular disease modeling with animal models. Next, we describe a variety of existing organ-on-chip approaches for neuromuscular tissues, including a survey of cell sources for both muscle and nerve, and two- and three-dimensional neuromuscular tissue-engineering techniques. Although researchers have made tremendous advances in modeling neuromuscular diseases on a chip, the remaining challenges in cell sourcing, cell maturity, tissue assembly and readout capabilities limit their integration into the drug development pipeline today. However, as the field advances, models of healthy and diseased neuromuscular tissues on a chip, coupled with animal models, have vast potential as complementary tools for modeling multiple aspects of neuromuscular diseases and identifying new therapeutic strategies. Summary: Modeling neuromuscular diseases is challenging due to their complex etiology and pathophysiology. Here, we review the cell sources and tissue-engineering procedures that are being integrated as emerging neuromuscular disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Santoso
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mankhong S, Kim S, Moon S, Kwak HB, Park DH, Kang JH. Experimental Models of Sarcopenia: Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy. Cells 2020; 9:E1385. [PMID: 32498474 PMCID: PMC7348939 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been defined as a progressive decline of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functions in elderly people. It is accompanied by physical frailty, functional disability, falls, hospitalization, and mortality, and is becoming a major geriatric disorder owing to the increasing life expectancy and growing older population worldwide. Experimental models are critical to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and develop therapeutic strategies. Although its etiologies remain to be further elucidated, several mechanisms of sarcopenia have been identified, including cellular senescence, proteostasis imbalance, oxidative stress, and "inflammaging." In this article, we address three main aspects. First, we describe the fundamental aging mechanisms. Next, we discuss both in vitro and in vivo experimental models based on molecular mechanisms that have the potential to elucidate the biochemical processes integral to sarcopenia. The use of appropriate models to reflect sarcopenia and/or its underlying pathways will enable researchers to understand sarcopenia and develop novel therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia. Lastly, we discuss the possible molecular targets and the current status of drug candidates for sarcopenia treatment. In conclusion, the development of experimental models for sarcopenia is essential to discover molecular targets that are valuable as biochemical biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakulrat Mankhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.); (S.M.)
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sohee Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.); (S.M.)
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Inflamma-miR-21 Negatively Regulates Myogenesis during Ageing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040345. [PMID: 32340146 PMCID: PMC7222422 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with disrupted redox signalling and increased circulating inflammatory cytokines. Skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on the balance between muscle hypertrophy, atrophy and regeneration, however during ageing this balance is disrupted. The molecular pathways underlying the age-related decline in muscle regenerative potential remain elusive. microRNAs are conserved robust gene expression regulators in all tissues including skeletal muscle. Here, we studied satellite cells from adult and old mice to demonstrate that inhibition of miR-21 in satellite cells from old mice improves myogenesis. We determined that increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL6, as well as H2O2, increased miR-21 expression in primary myoblasts, which in turn resulted in their decreased viability and myogenic potential. Inhibition of miR-21 function rescued the decreased size of myotubes following TNFα or IL6 treatment. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-21 could inhibit myogenesis in vitro via regulating IL6R, PTEN and FOXO3 signalling. In summary, upregulation of miR-21 in satellite cells and muscle during ageing may occur in response to elevated levels of TNFα and IL6, within satellite cells or myofibrillar environment contributing to skeletal muscle ageing and potentially a disease-related decline in potential for muscle regeneration.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wallner C, Huber J, Drysch M, Schmidt SV, Wagner JM, Dadras M, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. Myostatin Upregulation in Patients in the Chronic Phase of Severe Burn Injury Leads to Muscle Cell Catabolism. Eur Surg Res 2019; 60:86-96. [PMID: 31302645 DOI: 10.1159/000500760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn injury leads to a hypercatabolic response and ultimately muscle wasting with drastic implications for recovery of bodily functions, patient's quality of life (QoL), and long-term survival. Several treatment options target the body's initial stress response, but pharmacological approaches to specifically address muscle protein metabolism have only been poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the role of myostatin and follistatin in burn injury and its possible implications in muscle wasting syndrome. METHODS We harvested serum from male patients within 48 h and again 9-12 months after severe burn injury (>20% of total body surface area). By means of myoblast cultures, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and scratch assay, the role of myostatin and its implications in post-burn muscle metabolism and myoblast proliferation and differentiation was analyzed. RESULTS We were able to show increased proliferative and myogenic capacity, decreased myostatin, decreased SMAD 2/3, and elevated follistatin concentrations in human skeletal myoblast cultures with serum conditioned medium of patients in the acute phase of burn injury and conversely a reversed situation in patients in the chronic phase of burn injury. Thus, there is a biphasic response to burn trauma, initiated by an anabolic state and followed by long-term hypercatabolism. CONCLUSION We conclude that the myostatin signaling pathway plays an important regulative role in burn-associated muscle wasting and that blockade of myostatin could prove to be a valuable treatment approach improving the rehabilitation process, QoL, and long-term survival after severe burn injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julika Huber
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marius Drysch
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Schmidt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes Maximilian Wagner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mehran Dadras
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Isolation and Primary Culture Methods of Adult and Larval Myogenic Cells from Xenopus laevis. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30151775 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8784-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
During amphibian metamorphosis, larval-to-adult conversion of the myogenic system occurs and there are two distinct types of muscle stem cells; larval myogenic cells have a death-fate by apoptosis in the presence of thyroid hormone T3, and adult myogenic cells have a life-fate under the same conditions. Here, we describe isolation and culture methods for adult and larval myogenic cells from the frog, Xenopus laevis. Both types of cultured myogenic cells undergo cell division and cell differentiation, i.e., formation of multinucleated myotubes in serum-containing medium. Insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes cell division and differentiation in both cells. Basic properties and some applications of primary culture are also described.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shahini A, Vydiam K, Choudhury D, Rajabian N, Nguyen T, Lei P, Andreadis ST. Efficient and high yield isolation of myoblasts from skeletal muscle. Stem Cell Res 2018; 30:122-129. [PMID: 29879622 PMCID: PMC6090567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) regeneration relies on the activity of myogenic progenitors that reside beneath the basal lamina of myofibers. Here, we describe a protocol for the isolation of the SkM progenitors from young and old mice by exploiting their outgrowth potential from SkM explants on matrigel coated dishes in the presence of high serum, chicken embryo extract and basic fibroblast growth factor. Compared to other protocols, this method yields a higher number of myoblasts (10-20 million) by enabling the outgrowth of these cells from tissue fragments. The majority of outgrowth cells (~90%) were positive for myogenic markers such as α7-integrin, MyoD, and Desmin. The myogenic cell population could be purified to 98% with one round of pre-plating on collagen coated dishes, where differential attachment of fibroblasts and other non-myogenic progenitors separates them from myoblasts. Moreover, the combination of high serum medium and matrigel coating provided a proliferation advantage to myogenic cells, which expanded rapidly (~24 h population doubling), while non-myogenic cells diminished over time, thereby eliminating the need for further purification steps such as FACS sorting. Finally, myogenic progenitors gave rise to multinucleated myotubes that exhibited sarcomeres and spontaneous beating in the culture dish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shahini
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Kalyan Vydiam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Debanik Choudhury
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Nika Rajabian
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Thy Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Pedro Lei
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
miR-221 modulates skeletal muscle satellite cells proliferation and differentiation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 54:147-155. [PMID: 29197032 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, which play important roles in animals by targeting mRNA transcripts for translational repression. Many recent studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the control of muscle development. In this study, the expression levels of miR-221 in different tissues and during rabbit skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) differentiation were detected. Gene ontology term enrichment was used to predict the potential biological roles of miR-221. A synthetic miR-221 mimic and a miR-221 inhibitor were used to investigate the functions of miR-221 during SMSCs proliferation and differentiation to further verify the functions of miR-221 in muscle development. In this report, we compared the expression levels of miR-221 in different tissues. The expression levels of miR-221 were upregulated after the induction of differentiation, and then were gradually downregulated during SMSCs differentiation. Overexpression of miR-221 promoted SMSCs proliferation, whereas inhibiting expression restrained proliferation in the EdU and CCK-8 assays. In addition, overexpression of miR-221 led to a decline in the expression levels of the differentiation marker genes MyoG and MHC. miR-221 overexpression suppressed SMSCs myotube formation. On the contrary, inhibition of miR-221 promoted myotube formation. Our data showed that miR-221 increased SMSCs proliferation and decreased differentiation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Proctor CJ, Goljanek-Whysall K. Using computer simulation models to investigate the most promising microRNAs to improve muscle regeneration during ageing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12314. [PMID: 28951568 PMCID: PMC5614911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression through interactions with target sites within mRNAs, leading to enhanced degradation of the mRNA or inhibition of translation. Skeletal muscle expresses many different miRNAs with important roles in adulthood myogenesis (regeneration) and myofibre hypertrophy and atrophy, processes associated with muscle ageing. However, the large number of miRNAs and their targets mean that a complex network of pathways exists, making it difficult to predict the effect of selected miRNAs on age-related muscle wasting. Computational modelling has the potential to aid this process as it is possible to combine models of individual miRNA:target interactions to form an integrated network. As yet, no models of these interactions in muscle exist. We created the first model of miRNA:target interactions in myogenesis based on experimental evidence of individual miRNAs which were next validated and used to make testable predictions. Our model confirms that miRNAs regulate key interactions during myogenesis and can act by promoting the switch between quiescent/proliferating/differentiating myoblasts and by maintaining the differentiation process. We propose that a threshold level of miR-1 acts in the initial switch to differentiation, with miR-181 keeping the switch on and miR-378 maintaining the differentiation and miR-143 inhibiting myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole J Proctor
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Cellular Medicine and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|